Project synopsis on Solar Powered Automatic Irrigation System

Submitted to the faculty of Engineering In partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering In

Electronics and communication engineering

Submitted by Arshid Iqbal khan (07/08) Mandeep kour (180/08) Parampreet kour (246)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering and Technology Babliana Jammu (181101)

Project Name:-Solar powered Automatic Irrigation System 1. Aim:The aim of this project is to design a Solar based automatic intelligent system that can control the irrigation depending upon the moisture present in the soil.

2. Basic principle of operation:We are here in this project using MCU (Micro Controller Unit) that will take input from the soil in the form of moisture and depending upon the value of soil moisture entered by the user. If we are using GSM with this project with the help of GSM user will get information oh his phone like when to start water valves, when it will stop etc.

3. Introduction:The change in the soil resistance or soil potential due to sweat gland activity is called galvanic soil response (GSR). GSR measures electrical conductance in the soil, which is associated with the activity of moisture. A very slight electrical current is run through soil using a pair of electrodes. GSR electrodes are extremely pure silver electrodes, having sliver with purity of 99.999% used to measure the GSR (Galvanic soil response). Silver is a highly conductive metal and it has no resistance. Pure silver is cut into pieces of 3 cm square and .4 mm thickness and drawn in cup shape to manufacture silver electrodes. These electrodes provide resistance change occurring in the soil due to presence of moisture.. The main processing unit of this system is the micro-controller which senses only voltage steps as input. To convert resistance change into the voltage change, voltage divider circuit is used which is also known as signal conditioner. The output of signal conditioner is analog in nature, so it is concerted into the digital form or steps by using analog to digital converter.

4. Block Diagram:-

Silver Plates

ADC-0808

Key Pad

Solar panel Power Supply

MCU-16F877A

LCD

Water Valve Driver Circuit

LEDS

GSM Modem Water Valve

Block diagram of solar powered automatic irrigation system

The blocks of the system are explained as fallows.

4.1. Transducer/Sensor: A transducer converts one form of energy to another. The primary function of the transducer is to provide a usable output in response to the measurand which may be a specific physical quantity, property or condition. Basically, a sensor converts a physical measurand to an electrical signal. Depending on the transducer, the output produced is in the form of voltage, current, resistance, or capacitance. The sensor should be minimally invasive and interface with the living system with minimum extraction or energy. The primary function of the transducer is to provide a usable output in response to the measurand.

4.2 Signal Conditioner (ADC0808): Signal conditioner converts the output of the transducer into an
electrical quantity suitable for operation of the display or recording system or control purposes. Signal conditioning usually include functions such as amplification, conversion analog to digital or signal transmission circuitry.

4.3. Display System: Provides a visible representation of the quantity. It may be on the chart
recorder, or on the screen of a cathode tube or in numeric form or LCD display.

4.4. Alarm System: With upper and lower adjustable thresholds to indicate when the measurand goes
beyond present limits.

4.5. Data transmission: Standard interface connections can be used so that the information obtained
may be carried to other parts of an integrated system or to transmit from one location to another.

4.6. Control System: It controls all the operations of the instrument. It consists of a microprocessor or a
micro-controller and software stored inside it to provide the necessary controls. The control logic provides the necessary interface between the microprocessor system and the elements of the acquisition unit in providing the necessary timing control. It has to ensure that the correct analog signal is selected, samples data at correct time, initiate the A/D conversion process and signals to the micro-controller or microprocessors on completion of conversion.

5. Advantages and disadvantages of solar power

5.1. Advantages:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Inexhaustible supply. Pollution free electricity generation Renewable source of energy Quite flexible. Used for an impressive array of devices Solar power is perfect for power generation in remote areas A properly constructed solar power system requires very little maintenance.

5.2. Disadvantages:1. 2. 3. 4. Initial cost of the equipment used to harness the suns energy. Installation requires a large area for the system to be efficient in providing a source of electricity. Pollution can be a disadvantage to solar panels, as pollution can degrade the efficiency of Solar energy is only useful when the sun is shining. During the night, your expensive solar

photovoltaic cells. equipment will be useless, 5. The location of solar panels can affect performance, due to possible obstructions from the surrounding buildings or landscape.

6. Advantages and disadvantages of automatic Irrigation system

6.1 Advantages:Reduced labour: Improved lifestyle: 1. More timely irrigation: 2. Assists in the management of higher flow rates: 3. More accurate cut-off 4. Reduced runoff of water and nutrients 5. Reduced costs for vehicles used for irrigation

6.2. Disadvantages:Cost: 1. Reliability: Increased channel maintenance:

7. Future scope
Since the solar power is renewable in nature, therefore the present day energy crises has no effect on its generation. This project entitled solar powered automatic irrigation system aims at providing the best irrigation facilities not only in the hi-tech regions but especially in the remote areas where the electricity is the major concern. It will also provides automation in the sense that the user after installing the system doesnt have to watch every time

8. Modules to be used:1. MCU-at89c52. 2. LCD. 3. Keypad. 4. Water Valve driver circuit. 5. Water Valve. 6. Buzzer. 7. Leds. 8. GSM modem (if included). 9. ADC-0808. 10. Silver Plates. 11. Power Source Solar panels.

9. Software used:Embedded C programming.