Energy and its Conservation

Chapter 11

11.1 The Many Forms of Energy

When work is done on a system, the energy in that system increases
Example: If you have a job your money increases with every pay.

If the system does work, the energy of that system decreases

Example: When you spend money.

11.1 Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy of an object is equal to times the mass of the object multiplied by the speed of the object squared.

1 2 KE ! mv 2

THE WORK-ENERGY THEOREM When a net external force does work on and object, the kinetic energy of the object changes according to

W ! KE f  KE o ! mv  mv

1 2

2 f

1 2

2 o

11.1 Potential Energy

Objects that are elevated against gravity have stored energy Energy can be stored in different forms:
Gravitational Chemical Elastic

11.1 Potential Energy

Gravity does work on objects
When an object is moving upward negative work is being done Wg=-mgh When an object is falling down the work done on it is positive Wg=mgh

11.1 Potential Energy

When an object moves away from the Earth(gets higher) energy is stored as Gravitational Potential Energy The reference level is where PE is equal to zero

11.1 Potential Energy

DEFINITION OF GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY The gravitational potential energy PE is the energy that an object of mass m has by virtue of its position relative to the surface of the earth. That position is measured by the height h of the object relative to an arbitrary zero level:

PE ! mgh

1 N m ! 1 joule J

11.1 Elastic
Energy can be stored by stretching or compressing an object in the form of elastic potential energy

11. Rest Energy

Mass is energy
Albert Einsteins famous equation states that an objects mass times the speed of light squared is its rest energy

Eo ! mc

11.2 Conservation Of Energy

Law of Conservation of Energy states that any closed, isolated system, energy cannot be created or destroyed
Energy can only change forms Ex. Kinetic into Thermal

11.2 Conservation of Energy

Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and GPE.

E ! KE PE

Example of Conservation

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Example 8 A Daredevil Motorcyclist A motorcyclist is trying to leap across the canyon by driving horizontally off a cliff 38.0 m/s. Ignoring air resistance, find the speed with which the cycle strikes the ground on the other side.

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Ef ! Eo
2 mghf  1 mv2 ! mgho  1 mvo f 2 2

ghf  v ! gho  v

1 2

2 f

1 2

2 o

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

ghf  v ! gho  v

1 2

2 f

1 2

2 o

2 v f ! 2 g  o  hf  vo h

 v f ! 2 .8 m s 35.0m  38.0 m s ! 46.2 m s 9

2 2