2.1 Testing Drugs 2.1.1- Systematic Study of Crude Drugs 2.1.

2- Microscopic methods of Examining Crude Vegetable Drugs 2.1.3- Types of Stomata 2.1.4-Determination of Stomatal Index 2.1.5-Determination of Palisade Ratio 2.1.6-Determination of Vein Islet Number 2.1.7-Determination of Stomatal Number 2.2 Determination of Quantitative Data of Vegetable Drugs 2.2.1 - Sampling of drugs 2.2.2 - Foreign Matter and Determination of Foreign matter 2.2.3 - Determination of Total Ash 2.2.4 - Determination of Acid Insoluble Ash 2.2.5 - Determination of Water Soluble Ash 2.2.6 - Determination of Alcohol soluble Extractive 2.2.7 - Determination of Water Soluble Extractive 2.2.8 - Determination o of Ether Soluble Extractive (Fixed Oil Content) 2.2.9 - Determination of Moisture Content (Loss on Drying) 2.2.10 - Determination of Volatile Oil in Drugs 2.2.11 - Special Processes used in Alkaloidal Assays 2.2.11-a - Continuous Extraction of Drugs 2.2.11-b - Tests for Complete Extraction of Alkaloids 2.2.12 - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) 2.1.1. Systematic Study of Crude Drugs 40 2.1.2. Microscopical Methods of Examining Crude Vegetable Drugs 41 2.1.3. Types of Stomata 44 2.1.4. Determination of Stomatal Index 45 2.1.5. Determination of Palisade Ratio 46 2.1.6. Determination of Vein-Islet Number 2.1.7. Determination of Stomatal Number 47 2.2.1. Sampling of Vegetable Drugs 48 2.2.2. Foreign Matter and Determination of Foreign Matter 48 2.2.3. Determination of Total Ash 49 2.2.4. Determination of Acid Insoluble Ash 49 2.2.5. (A) Determination of Water Soluble Ash 49 2.2.5. (B) Determination of Sulphated Ash 49 2.2.6. Determination of Alcohol Soluble Extractive 50 2.2.7. Determination of Water Soluble Extractive 50

2.2.8. Determination of Ether Soluble Extractive (Fixed Oil Content) 50 2.2.9. Determination of Moisture Content (Loss on Drying) 50 2.2.10. Determination of Volatile Oil in Drugs 51 2.2.11. Special Processes Used In Alkaloidal Assays 53 2.2.12. Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) 54 2.2.13. Starch estimation (Mont Gomery 1957) 56 2.2.14. Sugar estimation (Mont Gomery 1957) 56 2.2.15. Fatty oil estimation 57 2.2.16. Determination of foaming index 57 2.2.17. Protein estimation (Lowry et al 1951) 57 2.2.17. (A) Isolation of Forskohlin (Shah et al, 1980) 57 2.2.18. Method for Alkaloid estimation