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Peregrine, P. 1991. A Graph-Theoretic American Antiquity, 56(1), pp.66-7S. Approach to the Evolution of Cahokia.
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J. 1991. Social
Wasserman, S. & Faust, K. 1994. Social network analysis: methods and applications, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ,ersity Press.
2000
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Watts, O.J. & Strogatz, S.H. 1998. Collective dynamics of small-world networks. Nature, 393(6684), pp.440-2. Barabasi, A.-L. & Albert, IR.1999. Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks. Science, 286(5439)" pp.509-512.
Broodbank, C. 2000. An island archaeology of the early Cyclades Jenkins, D. 2001. Etlhnohistory, 48(4} Mackie, 0.. 2001. Settlement archaeology in afjordland archipelago Swanson, S. 2003. American antiquity, 68(4) Bentley, IR.A.& Maschner, H.D.G. 2003. Complex systems and archaeology Bentley, IR.A. & Shennan, S.J.2003. American Antiquity, 68(3)
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2000
Watts, D.J. & Strogatz, S.H. 11998. Collective dynamics of small-world networks. Nature. 393(6684)" pp.440-2. Barabasi. A.-L. & A~bert, R. 1999. Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks. Science. 286(5439), pp.509'-512.
Broodbank, C. 2000. An island archaeology of the early Cyclades Jenkins, D. 20011. Ethnoh istory, 48(4) Mackie, Q. 2001. Settlement archaeology in a ijordlland archipelago Swanson, S. 2003. American antiquity, 68(4} Bentley, R.A. & Maschner, H.D.G. 2003. Complex systems and archaeology Bentley, R.A. & Shennan, S.J,2003. American Antiquity, 68(3)
Carrington. P.JI scett.]. & Wasserman. S. 2005 ..Models and methods in social .• network analysis. Cambridge; New York: Cambriidge University Press. Bentl R., Lake, M. & Shennan, S. 200S.Journal of Archaeological Science, 32(9)
Knappett, C. 2006. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 16(02) Graham, S. 2006. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 19(1) Graham, S. 2006. EX FIGLINIS lsaksen, L 2007. Digital discovery Brantiing, S. 2007. Digital discovery Earl, G. & Keay, S. 2007. Digital discovery lsaksen, IL.2008 ..Digital Medievalist Coward, F. & Gamble, C. 2008. Big brains, small worlds Collar, A.C.F. 2008. Religious innovation Graham, S. 2009. The space between Eva Kna ett, C. & Rivers, R. 2009. Complexity Perspectives Brughrnans, T. 2'010. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, Coward, F. 2010. Small worlds 29(3)
Archaeological
Review
Sindbzek, S.M. 2007. Antiquity, 81(311) Pouncett, J. & lock, G. 2007. Digital discovery
Lock, G. & Pou ncett, j. 2007. Digital discovery Knappett, c., Evans, T. & Rivers, R. 2008. Antiquity, 82(318) Mizoguchi, K. 2009. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Munson, & Macri, 2009. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Schich, Hidalgo, Lehmann, & Park, 2009. BollettirlO di archeologia
20
Ajaa
in Innovation.
Hart, J.P. & Engelbrecht,. W. 2011. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory knappett, C. 2011. Meaning in miniature Knappett, c., Evans, T. & Rivers, R. 2011. Antiquity, 85(329} Phillips, S.c. 2011. Networked glass Schkh, M. & Coscia, M. 2011. IExploring Co-Occurrence scott.], & Carrington, P.J. 20111. The SAGE handbook of social I network
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analysis:
a handbook.
London:
Sage.
2000
Watts, D.J. & Strogatz, S.H. 11998. Collective dynamics of small-world networks. Nature. 393(6684)" pp.440-2. Barabasi. A.-L. & A~bert, R. 1999. Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks. Science. 286(5439), pp.509'-512.
Broodbank, C. 2000. An island archaeology of the early Cyclades Jenkins, D. 20011. Ethnoh istory, 48(4) Mackie, Q. 2001. Settlement archaeology in a ijordlland archipelago Swanson, S. 2003. American antiquity, 68(4} Bentley, R.A. & Maschner, H.D.G. 2003. Complex systems and archaeology Bentley, R.A. & Shennan, S.J,2003. American Antiquity, 68(3)
Carrington. P.JI scett.]. & Wasserman. S. 2005 ..Models and methods in social .• network analysis. Cambridge; New York: Cambriidge University Press. Bentl R., Lake, M. & Shennan, S. 200S.Journal of Archaeological Science, 32(9)
Knappett, C. 2006. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 16(02) Graham, S. 2006. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 19(1) Graham, S. 2006. EX FIGLINIS lsaksen, L 2007. Digital discovery Brantiing, S. 2007. Digital discovery Earl, G. & Keay, S. 2007. Digital discovery lsaksen, IL.2008 ..Digital Medievalist Coward, F. & Gamble, C. 2008. Big brains, small worlds Collar, A.C.F. 2008. Religious innovation Graham, S. 2009. The space between Eva Kna ett, C. & Rivers, R. 2009. Complexity Perspectives Brughrnans, T. 2'010. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, Coward, F. 2010. Small worlds 29(3)
Archaeological
Review
Sindbzek, S.M. 2007. Antiquity, 81(311) Pouncett, J. & lock, G. 2007. Digital discovery
Lock, G. & Pou ncett, j. 2007. Digital discovery Knappett, c., Evans, T. & Rivers, R. 2008. Antiquity, 82(318) Mizoguchi, K. 2009. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Munson, & Macri, 2009. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Schich, Hidalgo, Lehmann, & Park, 2009. BollettirlO di archeologia
20
Ajaa
in Innovation.
Hart, J.P. & Engelbrecht,. W. 2011. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory knappett, C. 2011. Meaning in miniature Knappett, c., Evans, T. & Rivers, R. 2011. Antiquity, 85(329} Phillips, S.c. 2011. Networked glass Schkh, M. & Coscia, M. 2011. IExploring Co-Occurrence scott.], & Carrington, P.J. 20111. The SAGE handbook of social I network
• Archaeological applications of graph theory were not influential at all to more recent archaeological network studies • The potential of social network analysis techniques was explored (largely theoretically) by Cynthia Irwin-W'ililiams no later than 1977 • Sociall network analysis and social physics have by far been the most influential research traditions, yet only a very limited range of models and techniques have been explored by archaeologists · Tendency towards a standardised explanation of attested network structure
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ROTHMAN 1M,1987, PALEORIENT, V13, P73, 001 10.3406/paleo.1987,4430 saitta dj, 1983, am antiquity schich Ill, 2009, network schich
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fJr.~;;;§.i.9.I1[1J.!n9.. purposes , J dtscuss the need for implementing tests for ~nt~r.~t~!.~Hgl". (!!ltd tests for) dete.nninling t!he signifi.cance of thQlt }n~.~r:d.~!.~Ht~l"., ccnstcer so:me imp l icait.i.ons 1;1 the P.g9.ld~J!!~. Illm:l then t.U:~;;,i~.9.i119J.!n9..system on seetepet itiilDClI £!:rg9n~;;9Jf.1RQ. and tntegration.. C1 Ar izono Sbllte 1lQ.i:~ Dept ~."l~.~r.q,~.~J., AZ 85283 USA ... T,empe" RP Swanson, S (reprint author). Arizono :Stoite J.!IOJ.'i Dept Mt.~mp.q;., Tempe, ..
CR WHALENHE, 2a01 , CASAS GRANDES ITS HI WINDE:STC, 2a00, IliREA HOUSE f.911~!-!I:I.U",P'J9 T FISH PR, 1'999, CASAS GRANDES IIIORLD, P27 LftlBLANC SA., 1999 j I'REH[STORIC WARfARE LBKSON SH, 1999, CASAS GRANDES WOIRLD, pai" ~.Q~.~~f.'~':!~. lSi,!!,!!, CASAS GRANDES\'I()~L.D, P5i leF, SOHAAPSHA If!', 1999, CASAS GRA~IDE3 WORlfD, PtM WHALEN HE, 1999, Ii:,ASAS GRANDES WIJIRLD, P5;4 S\'IANSO~I 5, 1997 I THE5 IS U OKLAHOMA NO Who Len HE, 1995, AIM ANlI QUITV " \1'51, P732', DOI 113.2307/2820.14
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26
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METHOD TH, V~
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93, ETHNOLOGY, V32, P375, DOli 0.2307/3773459 L NETWORK ANAL AN, V4 ROTHMAN M, 1987, PALEORIENl", Vi3" P73, 100110
branting s, 2007, using an urban TEMP terrell j, 2010, ann hum gen TEMP
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.45
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Conclusions
- .. d Intuition con f rrmeo:
• Many network-related ideas and techniques have been around in the disciplline since the 1970's • There was a boom in applications in the last decade • New applications were hardly influenced by older ones • Archaeological network analysts did not seem to have been aware ofthe diverse range of existing applications in their field · Recentlly published reviews point this out most clearly The academic contexts of the publications clearly plays an important part in the diffusion of network ideas and techniques
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Gamble C, 1998, WORLD ARCHAEOL (122)
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IINDEGREE WOK Barabasi AIL, 1999, SCIENCE, 46 6,392 Watts OJ, 1998, NATURE, 46 6,071 WASSERMAN 5, 1994, SOCIAL NETWO'RK 40 Albert R 1999, NATURE, 34 1,413 BOYD R, 1985, CULTURE EVOLUTIONARY 34 Albert R, 2002, REV IMOD PHYS, 29 5,152 GRANOVET.MS, 1973, AM J SOCIOl, 25
Scholar
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12,140 2,938
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
-
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First archaeologists and historians DUNNELL Ref 1978, AIM ANTIQUITY, FLANNERY KV, 1972, ANNU REV ECOIL SYST, PADGETT JF, 1993, AM J SOCIOl,
131
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ROYMANS N, 1995, INTEGRATION EARLY RO, P47
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•
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KRAMER W, 1985, GRABFUNIDE MANCHING L
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Smith ML, 2005, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V95, P832, 001 10.1111 Ij.1467-8306.200S.00489.x Watts OJ,2004, A[NNU REV SOCIOL, V30, P243, DO I 1O.1146Jannurev.soc30.020404.1 04342 Wells PS, 2005, J ARCHAEO L RES,V13, P49, DO 1[1 007 Is 10814~OOS~081 0.1 O~y BENTLEY RA, 2003, COMPLEX SYSTEMS ARCH, P27 grove m, 2011, j anthr arch TEMP Rinaldo A, 2006, WATER RESOUR RES, V42, DOl 10.1 029J200SWR0041 08 Stein Gj, 2002, AM ANTHROPOL, V1 04, P90.3, 001 1O.1S2SJaa.2002.1 04.3.903 BENTLEY RA, 2003, COMPLEX SYSTEMS ARCH, pg brughrnans t, 2010, ox j arch TEMP knappett c. 2011, arch int TEMP Smith ME, 2001, J ANTHROPOL ARCHAEOL, V20, P245, DOl1 0.1 006Jjaar.2000.0372 WebsterJ, 2001, AM J ARCHAEOL, V105, P209, DOl1 0.2307/507271 Wells PS, 1998, J ARCHAEOL RES, V6, P239, DOI[ 10.1 023/A:1 022828421770 Lightfoot KG, 1998, AM[ ANTIQUITY, V63, P199, D'0110.2307/2694694 Woolf G, 1997, WO[RLD ARCHAEOL, V28, P339
BROODBANK Jennings (,2004, P CAMB PHILOL SOC, V50, P46
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Input domain
Input domain
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Citation weights
NMman'MEJ,
Newman MEJ, 2002. PH'r'S REV LETT, V89, DOl1 011 03IPhysRevLell89_2OO701 A.lbert R, 2002, REV MOD PWfS,. V74. P47.DOI1O.1103IRevModPhys7447
Cocitation
Bibliographic coupling
Conclusions
• Some publications particularly lnfluentlal to archaeological applications AND in other disciplines • Large number of publications influential in physics and ,SNA were not influential to archaeologists. • Disciplinary communities start to appear But this is still an archaeological network
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in other dlscjplines with [potential applications in archaeology , Hint of thee~i;;tence' or acadEmic CommLinities with slrnllar citation behaviour • Explore evolving citation behaviour of archaeologists
scope research
Future citatton analysls , Tile bigger picture , (ontexw,alise citation behsvlour detection of erchaeolog lsts , Academic community
Citation analysis allowed to: • Confirm that old and new archaeologicall applications emerged independently • ldentify the key publications influencing archaeologists • ldentify key publications in other disciplines with potential applications in archaeology • IHint of the existence of academic communities with similar citation behaviour • IExplore evolving citation behaviour of archaeologists • Suggest potentially fruitful future research avenues
Solutions?
Solutions? • broad multi-disciplinary scope • letting the specific archaeological research context dominate the application
Future citation analysis • The bigger picture • Contextualise citation behaviour of archaeologists • Academic community detection -Jnfluences of older applications
Tlhankyou!
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Carl Knappett