CHEMISTRY PROJECT REPORT

NAME: SUSHANT AGGARWAL CLASS: XII- B ROLL NO: 29

INDEX

1. CERTIFICATE 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3. INTRODUCTION 4. AIM 5. SEVERAL TESTS 6. CONCLUSION 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

CERTIFICATE
This is to clarify that the project report on the topic presence of ions in toothpaste submitted by Sushant Aggarwal of XII- B VIVEKANAND PUBLIC SCHOOL, NEW DELHI is an original one authentic and is done in fulfillment of C.B.S.E SYLLABUS for all India senior school secondary examination to be held in jan- feb, 2010-2011.

FOR MRS. ARCHANA SHARMA (CHEMISTRY TEACHER)

INTRODUCTION
Every toothpaste contains the following ingredients: binders, abrasives, subsers, humectants, flavours, sweeteners, fluorides, tooth whiteners, a preservative and water. Binders thicken toothpaste- they prevent separation of the solid and liquid component, especially storage. They also effect the speed and volume of foam production, rate of flavor release and product dispersal, the appearance of toothpaste ribbon on the toothbrush. Some binders are gum solid alignate, methyl cellulose, carrageen and magnesium aluminium silicate.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincerest thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my chemistry teacher Mrs. Archana Sharma. She has always been helpful to me and also acted as my project guide with her able guidance throughout the duration of my project work despite our busy schedule. She was always there for me whenever I needed her help. Then I would like to thank the laboratory assistant of chemistry lab for his assistance and co-operation. Finally I would like to thank my parents and my friends without whom I would not been able to complete my project.

SUSHANT AGGARWAL XII- B

AIM
TO CHECK THE IONS PRESENT IN THE TOOTHPASTE AND DETERMINE THE QUALITY.

TEST ON PEPSODENT
COLOUR OF THE PASTE- WHITE

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Take a part of the solution and add MgSO4 solution. Formation of white ppt. CO3 confirmed

Take a part of the solution and add ammonium hydroxide(1-2 ml)

Formation of white ppt.

Ca confirmed

Take a part of solution and add magnesium mixture (mixture of NH4CL and NH4OH)

Formation of white ppt.

PO4 confirmed.

Acidify a portion of aqueous solution with dilute HNO3. Boil and cool and add AGNO3.

A yellow ppt. is formed which is insoluble in NH4OH

I is confirmed

Take a small quantity of solution and add oxalic acid

Smells like that of vinegar

CH3COO absent

Prepare the paste of it with a few drops of water rub and smell. To one part of the solution add KI To one part of the solution and add solid NH4CL and NH4OH in slight excess and then add ammonium phosphate

No reaction A white ppt is formed

Pb absent Mg present

CHEMICAL REACTION
1. CO3 +MgSO4 MgCO3 + SO4 (white ppt.) 2. CO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O (CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 2CHCOONH4 +CaC2O4 3. NaHPO4 + MgCl2+ NH4OH 4. I+ AgNO3 NO3+AgI (yellow ppt.) NO REACTION Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NaCl + H2O

5. (COOH)2 + 2CH3COONa 6. Pb + 2KI NO REACTION

7. MgCl2 + NH4OH+ (NH3)2HPO4

Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NH4 +H2O

TEST ON COLGATE
COLOUR OF PASTE- WHITE EXPERIMENT
Take a part of the solution and add MgSO4 solution. Take a part of solution and add ammonium hydroxide. Take a part of solution and add magnesia mixture( mixture of NH2Cl and NH4OH) and allow to stand Acidify a portion of aqueous solution with dilute HCl. Boil and cool and add AgNO3. Take a small quantity of solution and add oxalic acid Prepare the paste of it with few drops of water rub and smell Take one part of solution To one part of the solution and add solid NH4Cl and NH4OH in slight excess then add ammonium phosphate.

OBSERVATION
Formation of white ppt. Formation of white ppt

INFERENCE
CO3 confirmed Ca confirmed

Formation of white ppt

PO4 confirmed.

A yellow ppt. is formed which is insoluble in NH4OH Smell like that of vinegar

I confirmed.

CH3COO absent

No reaction A white ppt. is formed.

Pb absent Mg absent

IONS PRESENT:- Mg, I, PO4, Ca, CO3

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1. CO3 +MgSO4 MgCO3 + SO4 (white ppt.) 2. CO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O (CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 2CHCOONH4 +CaC2O4 3. NaHPO4 + MgCl2+ NH4OH 4. I+ AgNO3 NO3+AgI (yellow ppt.) NO REACTION Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NaCl + H2O

5. (COOH)2 + 2CH3COONa 6. Pb + 2KI NO REACTION

7. MgCl2 + NH4OH+ (NH3)2HPO4

Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NH4 +H2O

TEST ON CLOSE UP
COLOUR OF THE PASTE- RED GEL EXPERIMENT
Take a part of the solution and add MgSO4 solution. Take a part of solution and add ammonium oxalic( 1-2 ml) and add little ammonium hydroxide Take a part of solution and add magnesia mixture( mixture of NH2Cl and NH4OH) and allow to stand Acidify a portion of aqueous solution with dilute HNO3. Boil and cool and add Ag NO3. Take a small quantity of solution and add KI To one part of the solution add KI To one part of the solution add solid NH4Cl and add NH4OH in slight excess then add ammonium phosphate.
OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Formation of white ppt. Formation of white ppt.

CO3 confirmed. Ca confirmed.

Formation of white ppt.

PO4 confirmed

Formation of white ppt.

I is confirmed

Formation of white ppt. Formation of white ppt. Formation of white ppt.

CH3COO confirmed Pb is absent Mg is absent

IONS PRESENT:- Mg, I, PO4, Ca, CO3, CH3COO

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1. CO3 +MgSO4 MgCO3 + SO4 (white ppt.) 2. CO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O (CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 2CHCOONH4 +CaC2O4 3. NaHPO4 + MgCl2+ NH4OH 4. I+ AgNO3 NO3+AgI (yellow ppt.) NO REACTION Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NaCl + H2O

5. (COOH)2 + 2CH3COONa 6. Pb + 2KI NO REACTION

7. MgCl2 + NH4OH+ (NH3)2HPO4

Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NH4 +H2O

CONCLUSION
Hence after testing different samples of toothpaste, we find that colgate has all necessary for stronger and whiter teeth.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. PRADEEPS CHEMISTRY 2. BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA 3. NCERT CHEMISTRY 4. GOOGLE 5. CHEMISTRY TODAY