-

..

----.-----------------------~

CBE20260: Thermo

HW 6, #1: Solutions

Author: Dane Grismer

4.2 Steam undergoes a state change from 450C and.3.5MPa to 150C and 0.3 MPa Determine Ml and Musing: (a) steam table data (b) ideal gas assumptions (Be sure to use the ideal gas heat capacity for water).

-r;: 45~
P,
='3.>~Ptr

ft, =. 33~o ~A, 5,-=:f. CXJ1t IJ/J,-/(

b t\ = - 5~.1 f.J/J.:, h ~~ O. CT-!-/=I- Ic)Ik, -}c'

(1)
(p.
~ -==

3 pts

4-.0+1 (R) "'"35.' Icj/k~I-/( -- /J'. -:; /rJ/J.,-k

(()(J.g:f){I50-~o)

AH-= lMCPAT~
~5-;

= [-StllcJ/",

=lHl

J
1 pt

1 pt

CpJl'\ (~/1i)- It\(~;?):::1J. c I"" t 4'23;~23)R = 2./.' J:)1lc-!-k

~ I~ (o'~.s)

1/)5=

0.13.,.

kJ/t.,.k]

CBE 20260: Thermo

HW 6, #2: Solutions

Author:

Dane Grismer

4.3 The following problems involve one mole of an ideal monatomic gas, C p 5R/2, in a variable volume piston/cylinder with a stirring paddle, an electric heater and a cooling coil through which refrigerant can flow (see :figure). The piston is perfectly insulated. The piston contains 1 gmole of gas. Unless specified, the initial conditions are: = 25C, pi = 5 bar.

Heater coil

Cooling coil

(a) Status: Heater on; cooler off; paddle off; piston fixed. Five kJ are added by the heater. Find AU, M, I:1P and sr. (b) Status: Heater off; cooler off; paddle off; piston moveable. What reversible volume change will give the same temperature rise as in part (a)? Also .find AU, AS andLlP.

(c) Status: Heater off; cooler off; paddle on; piston fixed. What shaft work will give the same AU, I:lS as part (a)? (d) Status: Heater off; cooler off; paddle on; piston fixed. The stirring motor is consuming- 55 watts and is 70% efficient.Wbat rate is the temperature changing? At what initial rates are U and S
changing? (e) Status: Heater unknown; cooler unknown; paddle off; piston free. We wish to perform a reversible isothermal compression until the volume is half of the initial volume. If the volume is decreasing at 2.0 cm3/s, at what rate should we heat or cool? Express your answer in terms of the instantaneous volume. What is the total heat transfer necessary?

5 pts: part (a)

(h)

PV:::. TJ R
E> '-,: do.seJ
LlU-=~
- use
A 0

,,:::

I ,"ole
~

- fl.T. - [1!'3./if3crt'~.kd/fflO1 ;J:H-{~t.IS)t2? V.,- -p,-~~W

I

tr.-tJS=7 .82
I

~.7

/1910

=- 'f., qYf.ti2

GjoC\3

I-Ie ~(

,4S
0

+-v"(:

+- y(

{t1 V!= 0)
<t- re.,.e".-s; bk)

$ -I,II(/~ ..to f.tkJ. Va. -a s S t( IM-f! ~+w-p rt: Cadra bet~

Jt\ S -;
g5-=-O

~( S

I~

+
.pI"..,.

ff

+- ~

re.ven:lk

J~
'3

0 ."Jpt~

CV (VI (Tz/1; )

+ R ,~ (Vz./v,)
r-fc.~'3

V'Z..

-= \/,

(Tz./-r.) -<.,h = ff,er5'=t-.K2 <toO 3){ ''19.f2ql.~)-"~ _ IJ '380.

J

b v::

S=l-(. q5Co
-==

(Jeu-eas4d)

p.f~ = n R12IV2. ~

Lf; 2/ MPc(

LtJP::

3. ?/ MRt
,..--p.

7
hT s '. "
I~

D U-=Wcr

c; lJT

dos.eJ$yS.
M

,'1V= 5 IcJ/..-I] L!. .

5 pts: part (b)
a$l f'1I(rf-(a)

fPT; l.jO:>.lJt k]
(c.)
part-~)

'P4r*-t:-)

wi ~JJf.e
W$ +-

~l do h~~-FF

hC4+

..sa -e,

/JlJ d-iJ 5

/J U =
(J)

;VI: +;r-0~
{'rsf.f!r ~

-IS' k)j~/.: ~ J
Ws
j Saw-l! ~rJ(bHJ

1 pt: part (c) s par+Cc.}

O. '7 (t;~ w) =

33. ~ w .. 3?
~"";>

S J,&- =

[U:: 3t. ~ J/s I

S~
(e)

U= ~ =- c:v t:

r=.3.. ;
c:::v

'3~ ~)lj (2. Lf:}.,J"Ik

-=

p.

~/s- -=fl

S~ ~ Cv ~

Cf- (3.1 k"/s) .:l!:e+(3.1)- @. 13 J!k-J =

- W. 'Et:.

S-]
2 pts: part (d)

0;::

#'

0 ::: .f- Wet: Q

Li~o~,

-:::"/ Q =

WEe.

-= -

pdll

-;;ft :

-V ~~

trr

V= lfcl )7.6-

2.0-t

i -t::C=S]

Q -:::K.'3/'t(ml52
ttCfS!1.'-2-l::

2 pts: part (e)

CBE20260: Thermo

HW 6, #3: Solutions

Author: Dane Grismer

4.7 An isolated chamber is divided into two equal compartments, one containing gas and the other evacuated. The partition between the two compartments ruptures. At the end of the process, the temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the chamber. (a) If the filled compartment initially contains an ideal gas at 25 MPa and 650 K, what is the final temperature and pressure in the chamber? What is Mfor the process? Assume a constant heat capacity of Cp/R = 4.041. (b) If the filled chamber initially contains steam at 25 MPa and 650 K, what is the fmal temperature and pressure in the chamber? What is Mfor the process? (Use the steam.tables).

tt) ~I

91l$

dU--

lQ J ~.:O a +a 'Ifj::.
z:

) T,
II

ty.t!~

da
1/

'_

-= JW'e;:-0

..,

~
IS

c.sr.

A '"
V':>9td

It'\ (~)-

R("&') ::: q.,otl{1.1t't)/KCJ)-r.

f7;. :: t9:J!:J
(h) ~ J. V =dQ
U. -::: uz,

__?
+~c =0

'1

'3/'t/Ktf)-=:

rs; 1-(

) J/,,",o/./C-=-/J~?tU

~
}J:ljlV,

~~

=4 ~ [P. ~ /2.S' MP~

2 pts: part (a)

5~e.e

JQ";.

d w~.... o
d-

V2 =- 2 V,
~
I

cP
L.f'OJ

2S'MPa
d-

(So/ '3-:ffC))
3
vvt

8 pts: part (b)

ed,.. f'O~

U. = 22'14' kJ/k,

'+~oc) ).-== ..t-R3S /c.J/iz,-K) '" --E' roLf-53

J

~
~

.: V~ --0. COqo6 w.3/~

.. ::At\~'9 h
lI-

""

-~J.e.s
.fa
J _-2

Uz ::.y.'2.t::tLf I:J/J,
It-.

a~S wey-

LM I.(

sf be

2-,.,kase. ~.

U -VL

\t _VL.
V;. c~k
i3

i5vViIP
~

=: tt = ~
\4f~~

-ql4-es.s I,
_ ~
T (0C) 330 340 P (Mpa) 12.858 14.6

e..lc. tt ~
$o\ve
Vl 0.001561 0.001638

el q

f...-

by

"1\

ok,'eCh've ~.

ft-r.-

v-

'lr;...v)

&.ts,~, ~Gel
VV 0.013 0.0108

+k -t"'~kert d- ~tesr MeH.od

UV 2499.15 2464.44
qlromV qlromU

ul
1505.8 1570.62

obj. fxn. -0.13791 0.000772

s'
3.5518 3.6601

5.4422 5.3356

onV 4.791079 5.017398

0.655564 0.810085

0.793477 0.809313

-Since the objective function changed signs, the final state is between the 2 T's, but closer to 340. -Assuming linear interpolation Seek. T (uC) 339.952 P (Mpa) 14.59165 V 0.001638 with respect to T, enter the linear interpolation formulas and solve with Solver or Goal . obj. fxn. -6.80E-05

V 0.010811

U
1570.309

U
2464.606

qlromV

qlromU

s
3.659581

s.V
5.336111

onV 5.016164

0.809161

0.809228

[It' 31fO.O DC 1
~'Z -:::

~
;f

== ="/

1'f.5LJNP41
~

1.= 1/%

5:0162 JJ/~'K
il

/:lS,.~ -.:: O.IZZ~ j/9"~ ::

ene.-pk~

[2. 20!(

J//Mo/ /C""'bS"tl.S ( atf,r,py)

( /) S

less ~

* Lcd

li'lIA~d-li1ttt Jeere.ses

CBE20260: Thermo

HW 6, #4: Solutions

Author: Dane Grismer

4.15 A common problem in the design of chemical processes is the steady-state compression of gases from a low pressure PI to a much higher pressure P2' We can gain some insight about optimal design of this process by considering adiabatic reversible compression of ideal gases with stagewise intercooling. If the compression is to be done in two stages, first compressing the gas from PI to P*, then cooling the gas at constant pressure down to the compressor inlet temperature Tl' and then compressing the gas to P2' what should the value of the intermediate pressure be to accomplish the compression with minimum work?
D

E-b~1 [~
S-- bllC I
(tIh

I~-~f'res~): I s~_~51Jr): ~ij,1e

J1H-=;(+-W- W
.L1.s' =-0
ideAl 94S => T'lctT, =: (P"1fOf?/Cp T,) = ~ T,C{P"'/P, )~/~-I]
aHd ~b,~e

.5 -1,4/ 9''Ve.s aaraJ""rl-,?

"-~( 9".,es - T~
V:;:

w,: Lp (T*~S$Ot'

.:w

2 ~M~.sly

...

\N, +W~

=-

Cf -r;(izplt/P,J1?'Gv-I] by ~~

+-[(t;/p)1Z/~-DJ
J- s~
-:::0

- M~;~ic-e- &

f;r-..

+/..e dert~

10 0)

~ = r_T. C 1V~(.I:)RI'?_ 3&( P'2 ) ~Cp~ tip . {71-p, r: f% '.f

I

(ptk)~= P, P'1 :;>

Ii-;: m J
10 pts

CBE20260: Thermo

HW 6, #5: Solutions

Author: Dane Grismer

4.23 Steam is used in the following adiabatic turbine system to generate electricity. 15% of the flow from the first turbine is diverted for other use. P=8MPa
T=_550C.. 300~
.

rl

P = 5 MPa
15% withdrawn for other use

P=O;8MPa

(a) How much work (in kJlh) is generated by the first turbine which is 80% efficient? (b) How much work (in kJ/h) is generated by the second turbine which is 80% efficient? (c) Steam for the turbines is generated bya boiler. How much heat must be supplied to the boiler (not shown) which has 300 kg/h of flow? The stream entering the boiler is T ~ 170C, P = 8 MFa. The stream exiting the boiler matches the inlet to the first turbine.

I
"}.,
'2

';;50?
~

3521. f
'3161. 3'

5 a1
~

~J
2~

.s~

f;-. fY1>bbot

C4)~

I~

2 1,/1'\ 40 d-,ev '331*.2 c. ~'lt:t~.

+-&

o:J~

'821)/(c. q;ffl-(,f21~(3'+3Lf-.1- - 33.

(f, 2)-:='

3J(l.3 I=J/J, .

!JPI'::: -I (P. 5''t-=7- ~/k,

~ ~1~gzl+ll~'3-331?-.1)1{3Lt3t::1-'33f?-.7)J(,.e'1-81-,.1?2I)~ j'.q~ ~:::: 3tX> (- 12K) ==-1- 3~ LfOO

:= o. g~ fI ' ):::: - J2f

JeJ/'" ==? Hz ~ ~

IcJIt,
Icj/~.k'
4 pts: part (a)
511M!e

kJ/ Ar =
tnd-Iet is

sJ
5~

(b) ~ ~5 ~ "",1\ be 1/r\ ~

.ftt,r~hej

5>5$<tf

~O,gMR,/

~ 250C tt'3'-;; 28~.:1-f-a,.c1Z2K-f>.fJ~)/{9.0lfOJ-'.3r:MJJ(21Sb.

-'01

'f-2t3!1.q.)~ .w2

Icj~

Atl'-;:::

Ic)/~
-tol

'W.s:::bH :: 0. g (-OJ) =
i)-o.IS)

1c)11,

==")

U~ <=J>~qcn k.j/~

~.::: 3CO(O.f5J(-401)=[-IOJ2Z'

(c) -k.t:
flO\;:

--

I=J/I\Y"=-J(s

4 pts: part (b)

(H"wt- _Htk) == ~

f\- +y,1P.:: Z?-Cg.5 -I- 1(8-0.8>:- 2-:;:?-' ~J//::? 3a:::>('3~2I.t-1.~6J - 12.23) TlfO /cJ/AY" ==

g.::

~l

2 pts: part (c)

CBE20260: Thermo

HW 6, #6: Solutions

Author: Dane Grismer

4.25 Liquid nitrogen is useful for medical purposes and for research laboratories. Determine the minimum shaft work needed to liquefy nitrogen initially at 298 K and 0.1013 MPa and ending with saturated liquid at the normal boiling point, 77.4 K and 0.1013 MPa. The heat of vaporization at the normal boiling point is 5.577 kl/mol, and the surroundings are at 298 K. The constant pressure heat capacity of gaseous nitrogen can be assumed to be independent of temperature at 7/2R for the purpose of this calculation. . (a) Consider nitrogen entering a flow device at 1 mol/min. Give shaft work in kW. (b) Consider nitrogen in a piston/cylinder device. Give the work in kJ per mole liquefied. (c) Compare the minimum shaft work for the two processes. Is one of the processes more advantageous than the other on a molar basis? '
WJ-h61rl- ~
W l)tA s

-hfJ,J.e.sdr

C:~1

C4kulale

-H

1f..,J

4SSU~

I~(

fa \41 is VilIitI.

C4) ~
e-I::-cl:

- s-lctJe. f/o..r sy~

O=.f.I '''';/rl _ Hocrt-.,QI.{f- +- ~~ +- ~s

= -L1#ti

. . -I- QH +-.!s
.

5-ktJ: O=: 5''''t1'''-S~~At+--4-

-r;

Q-II'

tt),,,,tI1'

+ ~9et1 -=

-II-4,,,.b5~+gH p

=0 ~

~;J,k

-~~ ~== 0 1* +he. ~1)1. ~k win k .(;rd -,So\v-e 5-1,..1. Wr gl-f) ~ ~ ," F-1a/ ~ .(1..J -~-eeJ ~f-f) As

.ws.

11I!!v,

'f'~SS'

DH::: ):LfCpdr-~H""j ep::= ~~

btl ~~8. '31,,)(":1'1. '2!18) - s-:FI-;# -, Iff! - 55+1 ~ -{/~t16J/IftoI 't-

t~= i:F1.I#4.Ji-

~ T

~""::

+/~~/If)IY\IJ!J.)-..!!.::: -/l1.2f3
~(6.~

t~

~t

J/ . ,,/k

gH = 1H,t'""", ss, = 2Qg(-flI,1g3){[)

-=- -33f
r",JM.&lJt(

16'2 J/~irl
w~k ::. 2/. .

set
(bl &.kk

1;.,fUlf\l' = Zq~

TsUI'T

hrr ...

F-L..cl: .!S
sl"~

= /J tf,; - gff ~ -II/I'll (I) of '33) ,,:2

,~, 2'181<

9[ ~
>::.':>
lit

c..._

r7 ~)I",f~ (~)=[O. 35'3 k W = ~

pr=ec,

d<><eJ sysfeoo

5 pts: part (a)

F-/"AI.:
Fdr

dU; dQ;.f-d~
of. P~J

+ dWe-e ~ dQI-f +dk's -PJV

tlU-4-PdV+ VJP = dH
dN==JQff+df,(r

4 pts: part (b)

1 pt: part (c)

->bH==

QH+~

~- ~J:

JS::.A9L

&.~.s (G-) W. .
-~t"Ilt\

Wlft'f"~ Mt~tly
dre #.e ~e

-the~

S4vJte

=2:>&5: O.3S3kiiJ
~ TkiS
Cd~

b~u

Jepe,.J ~ .s.f1tles .wf- ~s

no

~/4tr

a~