Pyloric Stenosis: Stenosis Narrowing, constriction but with (+) communication a. b. c. d.

. Inflammation edema narrowing Hypertrophy of smooth muscle PGE2 Foreign Body (food, parasite, non-living) Postoperative Fibrosis & healing

Atresia Absence of entry, pouch, absence of communication a. Congenital (structurally abnormal) failure of germ cell endodermal failure to fuse/communicate. b. Post-operative Complication Fistula Communication of unrelated tubes

Effects: 1. Obstruction to the flow of communication of contents (PROXIMAL) a. Food, Chyme, Bolus, Saliva, Water b. Air c. Mucus d. HCl e. Nutrients (Electrolytes, Proteins & CHO, Fats) 2. Organ Damage a. Pressure Generation Dilatation lead compression of capillaries and reduce blood flow Hypoxia Lactic Acidosis Necrosis/Cell Death b. Contents Damage Food, Air, Acid (HCl) - Esophageal Ulcerations - Gastric Ulcerations - Tracheal Ulcerations - Epiglottal, Pharyngeal, Tosillar Ulcerations - Tooth Decay INFECTIONS

Tracheoesophageal Fistula Tracheo esophageal Atresia

7 week infant Non-bilous vomiting started 6wks old Vomiting stimulated post PO Becomes Hungry after post emesis No vomiting in NPO Sunken fontanels absence tears dry mucosa poor skin turgor + firm mass size olive RUQ