David Wang APUSH Mrs.

Oberndorfer 2/12/12

Dollar Diplomacy and President Taft

US foreign policy was used to protect foreign Wall Street investments Used financial power to extend influence to foreign countries US government took advantage of this, and insisted upon Wall Street investors to flood Latin American markets with money to shut out foreign funds - Violence ensued, and American troops were sent in

Consequences of Dollar Diplomacy on President Wilson

Wilson had to intervene in Latin America despite his heavy anti-imperialistic sentiments - due to the fact that violence in these countries made by dollar diplomacy caused US investors and corporations to worry - Urged Wilson to continue intervening - Example: Wilson kept Marines in Nicaragua to maintain order - Example: Wilson sent troops to Haiti, when their president was killed, by the pressure from New York banks Led Wilson to support a new foreign policy

Moral Diplomacy under President Wilson

Foreign policy through economic pressure - Only supported and traded with Latin American governments that were democratic or supported US interests - Put pressure on non-democratic countries economically - The force of America is the force of moral principle.- Woodrow Wilson, excerpt of Wilson at Luncheon Champions Daniels speech. - http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archivefree/pdf?res=F00815FB395816738DDDA10994DD405B858DF1D3 Increased Americas soft power- a persuasive approach to international relations, typically involving the use of economic or cultural influence* Moral diplomacy was an anti-imperialist ideology that spread democracy and promoted American economic growth Promote peace throughout the world Denounced colonialism
*www.dictionary.com

Moral Diplomacy in Mexico

Mexican Revolution takes off in 1910 US wants to make sure that Mexico becomes democratic and supportive of US interests Porfirio Diaz, a dictator since 1876 that let foreigners control about 68% of Mexican land, frustrated many Mexicans Francisco Madero takes over, leads foreign countries to fear that he will abolish foreigners and their property holdings in Mexico - US and other countries conspire with parts of Mexican Army for overthrowing Madero Represents moral diplomacy since Madero did not seem to support US interests in Mexico, he had to be kicked out.

Moral Diplomacy in Mexico (cont.)

In 1913, General Huerta, a dictator with heavy autocratic rule, rises to power - In an effort to rid of Huertas dictatorship spread democracy and support US interests (moral diplomacy), Wilson fueled another revolt by giving arms to two revolutionary leaders, Carranza and Pancho Villa - Tampico Incident: Mexico captures US vessel for being in a war zone without a permit - Mexico later issues an apology and releases the sailors, but the US demands a 21-gun salute - Mexico says they would only give a 21-gun salute if the US saluted the Mexican flag, therefore recognizing Huertas government as legitimate. - Enraged, US seizes the port of Vera Cruz Carranza rises to power, leaving Pancho as the chief rival Pancho attacks US troops on Mexican soil, hoping the US would send troops to Mexico and therefore cause turbulence between Carranza and the US The Mexican situation became so problematic that not only did the US citizens want out of Mexico, both sides of the Mexican revolution also wanted the US out

Political cartoon mocking the USs obsession with intervening in Mexico

Moral Diplomacy in Haiti

Numerous assassinations and power changes between 1911 and 1915 led to turmoil in Haiti Germans had heavy influence in Haiti, despite the fact that the Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary said that the US would not tolerate foreign intervention in the western hemisphere US government and bankers decided to take control of Haitis national bank Jean Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, established power with the help of the US Overthrown by anti-American revolutionaries in Haiti - The lack of support for US interests and the threat of losing economic influence in Haiti prompted Wilson to send in Marines to occupy Haiti Moral Diplomacy was used to control Cuba economically. When the situation in Haiti no longer suited US interests, the US intervened

Moral Diplomacy and the Jones-Shafroth Act

Established civilian government on Puerto Rico Other implications that came along with this - Governor and President of US had right to veto laws - Stop legislation - Control economic matters, mail services, immigration, and defense

Effects of Wilsons Moral Diplomacy

Led to resentment against US Moral diplomacy inevitably led to the use of arms Moral diplomacy overprotected businesses Despite Wilsons anti-imperialist intentions, Moral Diplomacy contributed to Wilson acting in foreign policies more than any other President US would withdraw from Mexico as Germany sent the Zimmermann Telegram to Mexico, which asked Mexico to wage war with the US Mexico declines the proposal Enraged by the proposal, the US public shifted its attention on possible war with Germany

Moral Diplomacy Today

Influenced Wilsons decision to form the League of Nations: spread democracy, encourage moral behavior - Primary Source excerpt from Wilsons Fourteen Points XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. Embargo against Cuba: Cuba is not democratic, has poor humans rights record, and does not support US interests - Moral Diplomacy can be through economics - Link to all the countries the US has embargoed with or currently is embargoing with - http://www.pmddtc.state.gov/embargoed_countries/index.html Shows how Wilsons policy of not trading with countries that are not supportive of democracy or US interests has prevailed through the years

Political Cartoon mocking how Wilsons League of Nations has the US tied up in a difficult situation. Many different nations with different agendas are trying to pull the US to their side. The idea of a League of Nations was influenced by the idea of Moral Diplomacy.

Bibliography
-"American Imperialism: 1889-1917." Historysage.com. Web. <http://apushchapter22.wikispaces.com/file/view/Lecture+Notes+Imperialism_1888-1917.pdf>. -"American President: Woodrow Wilson: Foreign Affairs." Miller Center. University of Virginia. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://millercenter.org/president/wilson/essays/biography/5>. -"Country Policies and Embargoes." U.S. State Department. United States of America. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.pmddtc.state.gov/embargoed_countries/index.html>. -"A Guide to Primary Resources for U.S. History: The League of Nations." Vcdh.virginia.edu. University of Virginia. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.vcdh.virginia.edu/solguide/VUS09/vus09b06.html>. - "Jones Act - The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War (Hispanic Division, Library of Congress)." Loc.gov. Library of Congress. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/jonesact.html>. -"Our Documents." Our Documents. Avalon Project, 1918. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true>. -"Taft and Wilson." AP* Study Notes. Study Notes. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/topics/taft-andwilson/>. -Tied Up. Digital image. Http://rutlandhs.k12.vt.us. Web. 11 Feb. 2012. <http://rutlandhs.k12.vt.us/jpeterso/MOREWW1/TIEDUP.JPG>. -Wilson gets involved in Mexican Revolution. Digital image. Lpusd.k12.ca.us. Web. <http://www.lpusd.k12.ca.us/rm1/online/hotpotatoestav/mexico-cartoon.gif>. -Wilson, Woodrow. "WILSON AT LUNCHEON CHAMPIONS DANIELS - Praises Secretary for Lifting Ideals of Navy Above Every Personal Interest. HUMANITY AS NATION'S AIM No Intimation of Aggression in the Big Fleet, He Says -- Brilliant Scene at the Biltmore. - View Article - NYTimes.com." Query.nytimes.com. New York Times, 18 May 1915. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F00815FB395816738DDDA10994DD405B858DF1D3>. -"Woodrow Wilson and Exceptionalism - Exceptionalism." Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. Advameg, Inc. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/E-N/Exceptionalism-Woodrow-wilson-and-exceptionalism.html>. - Murrin, John M., Paul E. Johnson, James M. Mcpherson, Gary Gerstle, Emily S. Rosenberg, and Norman L. Rosenberg. "Becoming a World Power, 1898-1917." Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People. 4th ed. Belmont: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2005. 694-95. Print.