Motion Compensation is a technique employed in the encoding of video data for video compression.

AVC IMPROVED PROPERTIES

Supports a number of block sizes from 16x16 to 4x4 luminance pixel samples compared with the fixed 16x16 used in MPEG-2. Uses more than one reference frame to search for a good motion predictive match. Efficient bi-directional predicted B frames, are used more extensively. Double the accuracy of the motion prediction.

16x1 6

16x8 16x8

8x 8x 16 16

8x 8x 8 8 8x 8x 8 8

8x 8

8x 4 8x 4

4 4 x x 8 8

4 x 4 4 x 4

4 x 4 4 x 4

H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is a blockoriented motion-compensationbased codec standard developed by the ITU-T, VCEG together with the ISO, IEC and MPEG. It was the product of a partnership effort known as the Joint Video Team (JVT).

H.264 is perhaps best known as being one of the codec standards for Blu-ray Discs; all Blu-ray Disc players must be able to decode H.264. It is also widely used by streaming internet sources, such as videos from Vimeo, YouTube, and the iTunes Store, web software such as the Adobe Flash Player and Microsoft Silverlight,, direct-broadcast satellite television services, cable television services, and real-time video conferencing.

Example of image with macro blocking due to transmission

Macro blocking in a JPEG, where the error shows as low-

Motion Vector is the key element in the motion estimation process. It is used to represent a macro block in a picture based on the position of this macro block (or a similar one) in another picture, called the reference picture. A predicted vector, MVp, is formed based on previously calculated motion vectors. The difference between the current vector and the predicted vector, MVD is then encoded and transmitted.