Gradient, Divergence, Curl

Click to edit Master subtitle style

3/23/12

Gradient
Invector calculus thegradientof ascalar

fieldis avector fieldthat points in the direction of the greatest rate of increase of the scalar field, and whosemagnitude is that rate of increase.

3/23/12

Gradient

Uses of Gradient 1. Obtaining surface normal vectors 2. Giving the rate of change in the direction

of the coordinate axes

3/23/12

3. Determining the vector fields from scalar

Directional Derivative

a t

u
P[xo yo zo]

P[(xo + at) (yo + at) (zo + at)

3/23/12

Directional Derivative
Proof

3/23/12

Directional Derivative
Find the directional derivative of f(x,y,z) =

2x2 + 3y2 + z2 at Po(2,1,3) in the direction of a = [ 1, 0, -2].

3/23/12

Divergence
is avector operatorthat measures the magnitude of avector fields source or sink at a given point, in terms of a signed scalar
the divergence of a three dimensional

vector field is the extent to which the vector field flow behaves like a source or a sink at a given point. It is a local measure of its "outgoingness"
3/23/12

Divergence
Obtain a scalar field from a vector field

v1 = x component of the vector v v2 = y component of the vector v v3 = z component of the vector v

3/23/12

Divergence
Find the divergence of vector v

Sol. No.1 No.2

Sol.

3/23/12

Divergence
Find the divergence of the function f(x,y,z)

= 2x2 + 3y2 + z2

3/23/12

Curl
is

avector operatorthat describes thesmall change in rotationof a 3dimensionalvector field. At every point in the field, the curl is represented by avector. The attributes of this vector (length and direction) characterize the rotation at that point.

3/23/12

Curl

Sol. No.1

Sol. No.2

3/23/12

Properties

3/23/12

Properties

3/23/12