Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Laureates
Year Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Emil Adolf von Behring Ronald Ross Literature Peace Economics
1901 Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen 1902 Hendrik A. Lorentz; Pieter Zeeman 1903 Henri Becquerel; Pierre Curie; Marie Curie 1904 Lord Rayleigh
Sully Prudhomme
Theodor Mommsen lie Ducommun; Albert Gobat Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson Randal Cremer
William Ramsay
2
Henri Moissan Camillo Golgi; Santiago Ramn y Cajal Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov; Paul Ehrlich Emil Theodor Kocher Giosu Carducci Theodore Roosevelt
1906 J. J. Thomson
Eduard Buchner
Rudyard Kipling
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta; Louis Renault Klas Pontus Arnoldson; Fredrik Bajer
Ernest Rutherford
Wilhelm Ostwald
Selma Lagerlf
Auguste Marie Franois Beernaert; Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant International Peace Bureau
Otto Wallach
Albrecht Kossel
Paul Heyse
Marie Curie
Allvar Gullstrand
Maurice Maeterlinck
Alexis Carrel
Charles Richet
Henri La Fontaine
Robert Brny
None
None
Romain Rolland
None
None
None
None
None
None
Karl Adolph International Committee of the Gjellerup; Red Cross Henrik Pontoppidan None Carl Spitteler Knut Hamsun None Woodrow Wilson Lon Bourgeois
1918 Max Planck 1919 Johannes Stark 1920 Charles douard Guillaume 1921 Albert Einstein
None
Anatole France
Archibald Hill; Otto Fritz Meyerhof Frederick Banting; John James Richard Macleod Willem Einthoven
Jacinto Benavente
None
None
None
None
3
Heinrich Otto Wieland Julius Wagner-Jauregg Henri Bergson Ferdinand Buisson; Ludwig Quidde
1927 Arthur H. Compton; Charles Thomson Rees Wilson 1928 Owen Willans Richardson 1929 Louis de Broglie
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus Arthur Harden; Hans von Euler-Chelpin Hans Fischer
Charles Nicolle
Sigrid Undset
None
Thomas Mann
Frank B. Kellogg
Sinclair Lewis
Nathan Sderblom
Otto Heinrich Warburg Charles Scott Sherrington; Edgar Douglas Adrian Thomas Hunt Morgan George Whipple; George Minot; William P. Murphy Hans Spemann
John Galsworthy
None
Ivan Bunin
Norman Angell
Luigi Pirandello
Arthur Henderson
None
1936 Victor F. Hess; Carl D. Anderson 1937 Clinton Davisson; George Paget Thomson 1938 Enrico Fermi
Eugene O'Neill
Richard Kuhn[A]
Corneille Heymans
Pearl S. Buck
Adolf Butenandt;[A] Gerhard Domagk[A] Lavoslav Ruika None None None George de Hevesy None None None Henrik Dam; Edward Adelbert Doisy Joseph Erlanger; Herbert Spencer Gasser Alexander Fleming; Ernst Boris Chain; Howard Walter Florey
Otto Hahn
Gabriela Mistral
Cordell Hull
4
James B. Sumner; John Howard Northrop; Wendell Meredith Stanley Robert Robinson Hermann Joseph Muller Hermann Hesse Emily Greene Balch; John Mott
Carl Ferdinand Cori; Gerty Theresa Cori; Bernardo Houssay Paul Hermann Mller Walter Rudolf Hess; Antnio Egas Moniz Philip Showalter Hench; Edward Calvin Kendall; Tadeus Reichstein Max Theiler
Andr Gide
Friends Service Council; American Friends Service Committee None[B] John Boyd Orr
T. S. Eliot
William Giauque
William Faulkner
Bertrand Russell
Ralph Bunche
1951 John Cockcroft; Ernest T.S. Walton 1952 Felix Bloch; Edward M. Purcell
Edwin McMillan; Glenn T. Seaborg Archer John Porter Martin; Richard Laurence Millington Synge Hermann Staudinger Linus Pauling
Pr Lagerkvist
Lon Jouhaux
Selman Waksman
Franois Mauriac
Albert Schweitzer
Hans Adolf Krebs; Winston Churchill Fritz Albert Lipmann John Franklin Enders; Frederick Chapman Robbins; Thomas Huckle Weller Hugo Theorell Ernest Hemingway
George Marshall
Vincent du Vigneaud
Halldr Laxness
None
1956 John Bardeen; Cyril Norman Walter H. Brattain; Hinshelwood; William B. Shockley Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov 1957 Chen Ning Yang; Tsung-Dao Lee 1958 Pavel A. Cherenkov; Ilja M. Frank; Igor Y. Tamm Lord (Alexander R.) Todd Frederick Sanger
None
Albert Camus
Lester B. Pearson
Boris Pasternak[C]
Georges Pire
Jaroslav Heyrovsk Arthur Kornberg; Severo Ochoa Willard Libby Frank Macfarlane Burnet; Peter Medawar
Philip J. Noel-Baker
Albert Lutuli
5
Melvin Calvin Georg von Bksy Ivo Andri Dag Hammarskjld
John Steinbeck
Linus Pauling
1963 Eugene Wigner; Maria Goeppert-Mayer; J. Hans D. Jensen 1964 Charles H. Townes; Nicolay G. Basov; Aleksandr M. Prokhorov 1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga; Julian Schwinger; Richard P. Feynman 1966 Alfred Kastler
John Carew Eccles; Giorgos Seferis Alan Lloyd Hodgkin; Andrew Huxley
Jean-Paul Sartre[D]
Franois Jacob; Michail Andr Michel Lwoff; Aleksandrovich Jacques Monod Sholokhov Francis Peyton Rous; Shmuel Yosef Charles Brenton Agnon; Huggins Nelly Sachs Ragnar Granit; Haldan Keffer Hartline; George Wald Robert W. Holley; Har Gobind Khorana; Marshall Warren Nirenberg Max Delbrck; Alfred Hershey; Salvador Luria Julius Axelrod; Ulf von Euler; Bernard Katz Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr. Gerald Edelman; Rodney Robert Porter Miguel ngel Asturias
Robert S. Mulliken
Manfred Eigen; Ronald George Wreyford Norrish; George Porter Lars Onsager
None
Yasunari Kawabata
Ren Cassin
Samuel Beckett
Luis F. Leloir
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Norman Borlaug
Gerhard Herzberg
Pablo Neruda
Willy Brandt
Simon Kuznets
Christian B. Anfinsen; Stanford Moore; William Howard Stein Ernst Otto Fischer; Geoffrey Wilkinson
Heinrich Bll
None
1973 Leo Esaki; Ivar Giaever; Brian David Josephson 1974 Martin Ryle; Antony Hewish
Patrick White
Wassily Leontief
Paul Flory
Albert Claude; Christian de Duve; George Emil Palade David Baltimore; Renato Dulbecco; Howard Martin Temin
Eugenio Montale
Andrei Sakharov
6
William Lipscomb Baruch Samuel Blumberg; Daniel Carleton Gajdusek Roger Guillemin; Andrew Schally; Rosalyn Sussman Yalow Werner Arber; Daniel Nathans; Hamilton O. Smith Saul Bellow Betty Williams; Mairead Corrigan Milton Friedman
1977 Philip Warren Anderson; Sir Nevill F. Mott; John H. van Vleck 1978 Pyotr Kapitsa; Arno Penzias; Robert Woodrow Wilson 1979 Sheldon Glashow; Abdus Salam; Steven Weinberg 1980 James Cronin; Val Fitch
Ilya Prigogine
Vicente Aleixandre
Amnesty International
Peter D. Mitchell
Herbert Simon
Allan McLeod Cormack; Godfrey Hounsfield Baruj Benacerraf; Jean Dausset; George Davis Snell Roger W. Sperry; David H. Hubel; Torsten N. Wiesel
Odysseas Elytis
Mother Teresa
Czesaw Miosz
1981 Nicolaas Kenichi Fukui; Bloembergen; Roald Hoffmann Arthur L. Schawlow; Kai M. Siegbahn 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson Aaron Klug
Elias Canetti
James Tobin
Sune Bergstrm; Gabriel Garca Bengt I. Samuelsson; Mrquez John Robert Vane Barbara McClintock William Golding
George Stigler
1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar; William A. Fowler 1984 Carlo Rubbia; Simon van der Meer
Henry Taube
Lech Wasa
Grard Debreu
Niels Kaj Jerne; Jaroslav Seifert Georges J. F. Khler; Csar Milstein Michael Stuart Brown; Joseph L. Goldstein Claude Simon
Desmond Tutu
Richard Stone
Herbert A. Hauptman; Jerome Karle Dudley R. Herschbach; Yuan T. Lee; John C. Polanyi
Franco Modigliani
Elie Wiesel
James M. Buchanan
Donald J. Cram; Susumu Tonegawa Jean-Marie Lehn; Charles J. Pedersen Johann Deisenhofer; Robert Huber; Hartmut Michel Sidney Altman; Thomas Cech James W. Black; Gertrude B. Elion; George H. Hitchings
Joseph Brodsky
scar Arias
Robert Solow
Naguib Mahfouz
Maurice Allais
Trygve Haavelmo
7
Elias James Corey Joseph Murray; E. Donnall Thomas Octavio Paz Mikhail Gorbachev Harry Markowitz; Merton Miller; William Forsyth Sharpe Ronald Coase
Richard R. Ernst
Nadine Gordimer
Rudolph A. Marcus Edmond H. Fischer; Edwin G. Krebs Kary Mullis; Michael Smith George Andrew Olah Richard J. Roberts; Phillip Allen Sharp Alfred G. Gilman; Martin Rodbell
Derek Walcott
Rigoberta Mench
Gary Becker
1993 Russell A. Hulse; Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse; Clifford G. Shull
Toni Morrison
Nelson Mandela; Frederik Willem de Klerk Yasser Arafat; Shimon Peres; Yitzhak Rabin
Robert Fogel; Douglass North John Harsanyi; John Forbes Nash; Reinhard Selten Robert Lucas, Jr.
Kenzaburo Oe
Edward B. Lewis; Christiane Nsslein-Volhard; Eric F. Wieschaus Peter C. Doherty; Rolf M. Zinkernagel
Seamus Heaney
1996 David M. Lee; Robert F. Curl Jr.; Douglas D. Osheroff; Harold Kroto; Robert Coleman Richard Smalley Richardson 1997 Steven Chu; Claude Cohen-Tannoudji; William D. Phillips 1998 Robert B. Laughlin; Horst L. Strmer; Daniel C. Tsui 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft; Martinus J.G. Veltman 2000 Zhores I. Alferov; Herbert Kroemer; Jack Kilby
Wisawa Szymborska
Dario Fo
Jos Saramago
Amartya Sen
Ahmed Zewail
Gnter Grass
Robert Mundell
Gao Xingjian
James Heckman; Daniel McFadden George Akerlof; Michael Spence; Joseph E. Stiglitz Daniel Kahneman; Vernon L. Smith Robert F. Engle; Clive Granger
V. S. Naipaul
John Bennett Fenn; Sydney Brenner; Koichi Tanaka; H. Robert Horvitz; Kurt Wthrich John E. Sulston
Imre Kertsz
Jimmy Carter
2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov; Peter Agre; Vitaly L. Ginzburg; Roderick Anthony J. Leggett MacKinnon
J. M. Coetzee
Shirin Ebadi
8
Aaron Ciechanover; Avram Hershko; Irwin Rose Richard Axel; Linda B. Buck Elfriede Jelinek Wangari Maathai Finn E. Kydland; Edward C. Prescott Robert Aumann; Thomas Schelling Edmund Phelps
Yves Chauvin; Barry Marshall; Robert H. Grubbs; Robin Warren Richard R. Schrock
Harold Pinter
2006 John C. Mather; George F. Smoot 2007 Albert Fert; Peter Grnberg
Roger D. Kornberg Andrew Fire; Craig Mello Gerhard Ertl Mario Capecchi; Martin Evans; Oliver Smithies
Orhan Pamuk
Doris Lessing
Osamu Shimomura; Martin Chalfie; Roger Y. Tsien Venkatraman Ramakrishnan; Thomas A. Steitz; Ada E. Yonath Richard Heck; Ei-ichi Negishi; Akira Suzuki
Barack Obama
Robert G. Edwards
Peter A. Diamond; Dale T. Mortensen; Christopher A. Pissarides Thomas J. Sargent; Christopher A. Sims Economics
Dan Shechtman
Year
Physics
Chemistry
Physiology or Medicine
Literature
Peace
Notes
In 1938 and 1939, the government of Germany did not allow three German Nobel Laureates to accept their Nobel Prizes. The three were Richard Kuhn, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1938; Adolf Butenandt, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1939; and Gerhard Domagk, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine in 1939. They were later awarded the Nobel Prize diploma and medal, but not the money.[7] B In 1948, the Nobel Prize in Peace was not awarded. The Nobel Foundation's website suggests that it would have been awarded to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, however, due to his assassination earlier that year, it was left unassigned in his honor.[11] C In 1958, Russian-born Boris Pasternak, under pressure from the government of the Soviet Union, was forced to decline the Nobel Prize in Literature.[7] D In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre refused to accept the Nobel Prize in Literature, as he had consistently refused all official honors in the past.[7] E In 1973, L c Th declined the Nobel Peace Prize. His reason was that he felt he did not deserve it because although he helped negotiate the Paris Peace Accords (a cease-fire in the Vietnam War), there had been no actual
List of Nobel laureates peace agreement.[7][10] F In 2010, Liu Xiaobo was unable to receive the Nobel Peace Prize as he was sentenced to eleven years of imprisonment by the Chinese authority.[12]
References
General "All Nobel Laureates in Physics" [13]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. "All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry" [14]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. "All Nobel Laureates in Medicine" [15]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. "All Nobel Laureates in Literature" [16]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. "All Nobel Peace Prize Laureates" [17]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. "All Laureates in Economics" [18]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
Specific
[1] "Alfred Nobel The Man Behind the Nobel Prize" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ alfred_nobel/ ). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-27. [2] "The Nobel Prize" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ ). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-27. [3] "The Nobel Prize Awarders" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ prize_awarders/ ). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-27. [4] "The Nobel Prize Amounts" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080731233358/ http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ amounts. html). Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ amounts. html) on 2008-07-31. . Retrieved 2008-11-27. [5] "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080822184717/ http:/ / nobelprize. org/ award_ceremonies/ ). Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ award_ceremonies/ ) on 2008-08-22. . Retrieved 2008-11-27. [6] "Frequently Asked Questions - Nobel Laureates" (http:/ / www. nobelprize. org/ faq/ nobel_laureates. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2011-10-14. [7] "Nobel Laureates Facts" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ nobelprize_facts. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-27. [8] "Women Nobel Laureates" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ lists/ women. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2011-10-11. [9] "List of All Nobel Laureates 1942" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ lists/ 1942. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-30. [10] Lundestad, Geir (2001-03-15). "The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ peace/ articles/ lundestad-review/ index. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-30. [11] Tnnesson, yvind (December 1, 1999). "Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureates" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ peace/ articles/ gandhi/ index. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved January 3, 2010. "Later, there have been speculations that the committee members could have had another deceased peace worker than Gandhi in mind when they declared that there was "no suitable living candidate", namely the Swedish UN envoy to Palestine, Count Bernadotte, who was murdered in September 1948. Today, this can be ruled out; Bernadotte had not been nominated in 1948. Thus it seems reasonable to assume that Gandhi would have been invited to Oslo to receive the Nobel Peace Prize had he been alive one more year." [12] "The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 - Presentation Speech" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ peace/ laureates/ 2010/ presentation-speech. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved October 10, 2011. [13] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ physics/ laureates/ [14] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ chemistry/ laureates/ [15] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ medicine/ laureates/ [16] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ literature/ laureates/ [17] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ peace/ laureates/ [18] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ economics/ laureates/
External links
Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (http://www.kva.se/en/) Official website of the Nobel Foundation (http://nobelprize.org/) Downloadable Database of Nobel Laureates (http://www.aggdata.com/awards/nobel_prize_winners)
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