OMF007001 GSM Frequency Planning ISSUE2.0

GSM Frequency Planning
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Frequency Planning 2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology 3. Tight Frequency Reuse 4. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology 5. Concentric Cell Technology 6. Frequency Hopping
Page2
Contents
1. Frequency Planning Basic
1.1 Frequency Resource of GSM System 1.2 Concept of Frequency Reuse 1.3 Reuse Density 1.4 C/I Ratio
Page3
Frequency Resource of GSM System
P-GSM 900 :
890
915
935
960
Duplex distance : 45 MHz
1710
1785
1805
1880
DCS 1800 :
Duplex distance : 95 MHz
Page4
Frequency Resource of GSM System

Frequency Spectrum Range (MHz) 890~915 Uplink ARFCN Frequency Value Downlink Frequency Value
P-GSM900
935~960 880~915 E-GSM900 925~960 876~915 R-GSM900 921~960 1710~1785 DCS1800
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
Fu(n)=890+0.2n Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) Fu(n)=890+0.2n Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) Fu(n)=1710.2+0.2(n-512)
1n 124
0 n 124 975 n 1023 0 n 124 955 n 1023 512 n 885
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95
1805~1880
1850~1910 PCS1900 1930~1990 Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-512) 512 n 810 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
Page5
Concept of Frequency Reuse
Macro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk}
d Micro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk}
Page6
Example of Frequency Reuse
Frequency resource is limited. If there is 8MHz frequency resource, 8 MHz = 40 channels 8 timeslots = 320
Max. 320 users can access the network at the same time.
If every frequency is reused N times
Max. 320N uses can access the network at the same time.
Page7
Reuse Density
The spectrum utilization ratio can be expressed by frequency reuse density (freuse), which reveals the tightness of the frequency reuse and
can be expressed by the following equation
f reuse
N ARFCN N TRX
NARFCN is the total number of the available channel numbers, NTRX is the number of TRXs configured for the cell.
Page8
Question
(1) Frequency bandwidth is 12MHZ, if frequency reuse density is 4x3,each cell has how many TRX? (2) Frequency bandwidth is 6MHZ, if frequency reuse density is 2x3,each cell has how many TRX?
Page9
Reuse Density
Reuse density is the number of cells in a basic reuse cluster.
For the n x m frequency reuse pattern,
f reuse n m
n: The number of BTSs in the reuse clusters m: The number of the cells under each BTS.
Tighter reuse
0 12
Looser reuse
20
Higher frequency reuse efficiency, but interference is serious. More technique is needed.
Little interference, but frequency reuse efficiency is low.
Page10
43 Frequency Reuse
C1 A1 C1 A2 B1 C3 B2 C1 A2 B1 B3 C3 B2 A1 A3 C2 D1 D3 C2 D1 D3 A2 B1 D2 C1 A1 A3 D2 A2 B1 B3 C3 B2 C2 D1 D2 C2 D1 D3
A1
A3
A3
A2 B1
C3 B2
D2
A1
B3
B3 A1 A3 A2 B1
C1 C2 C3 B2 D1
D3
A3 D2
C1
C3
C2
D1 D3 D2
D3
B3
B2
B3
Page11
Requirement for C/I Ratio

C/I =
All useful signals All useless signals
Carrier Interference
Useful signal
Noise from environment
Other signals
Page12
Requirement for C/I Ratio

C/I in Actual Project Interference C/I (3 dB margin is needed ) Co-channel 9dB - 9dB 12dB - 6dB - 41dB
Adjacent-channel
Carrier offset reaches 400 KHz
Page13
Exercise
Cell D fre 3
?dB<
?dB<
Cell B fre 5
Cell A fre 5 ?dB<

-70dB
Cell C fre 4
Page14
Contents
1. Frequency Planning 2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology 3. Tight Frequency Reuse 4. Concentric Cell Technology 5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology 6. Frequency Hopping
Page15
Example of 4 x 3 Frequency Reuse
Hereunder are several assumptions
The available bandwidth is 10MHz. The channel number is 45~94
BCCH 81~94 (14 channel numbers in total, 81~82 are reserved) The other channel numbers are allocated to TCH
A1 94 B1 93 79 67 55 C1 92 78 66 54 D1 91 77 65 53 A2 90 76 64 52 B2 89 75 63 51 C2 88 74 62 50 D2 87 73 61 49 A3 86 72 60 48 B3 85 71 59 47 C3 84 70 58 46 D3 83 69 57 45
Frequency group number
Channel Number of Each Frequency Group
80 68 56
So the maximum base station configuration is S4/4/4, and the frequency reuse density is 12.5 (50/4 = 12.5)
Page16
4 x 3 Frequency Reuse Conclusion
The 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is a basic technology applied in frequency planning. Which must be applied to the BCCH in frequency aggressive reuse technologies
If the network capacity needs to be further expanded, the following measures can be taken:

Split a cell into smaller cells. Utilize new frequency resources. For example, you can establish a DSC 1800MHz network. Under the current 900MHz network, use more tight frequency reuse technology to expand the network capacity.
At present, the tight frequency reuse technology works as the most economical and convenient way to expand the network capacity, so it is also the most popular with carriers.
The typical frequency reuse technology includes 3 x 3, 2 x 6, 2 x 3, 1 x 3, and 1 x 1.
Page17
Contents
Page18
1 x 3 Frequency Reuse Pattern
1 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is also called fractional reuse. For 1 x 3 or 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern, the reuse distance is quite small, so the interference in the network is quite great. Therefore, to avoid frequency collision, you must use RF hopping technology and set the parameters, including MA (mobile allocation), HSN (hopping sequence number), and MAIO (mobile allocation index offset). The ratio of number of the TRXs to that of the available frequency hopping is FR LOAD (generally, it is smaller than 50%).
A1
A1 A3 A2 A1 A3 A3
A2 A1 A3 A2
A2
Page19
If the available bandwidth is 10MHz ,the channel numbers are 45~94

For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 81~94, frequency reuse pattern is 43 For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 45~80, frequency reuse pattern is 13
Frequency group number A B C Frequency group number A B C Channel number 80, 77, 74, 71, 68, 65, 62, 59, 56, 53, 50, 47 79, 76, 73, 70, 67, 64, 61, 58, 55, 52,49, 46 78, 75, 72, 69, 66, 63, 60, 57, 54, 51, 48, 45 Channel number 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73,72, 71, 70, 69 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45 MAIO 0, 2, 4,6, 8, 10 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 MAIO 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
space grouping
sequence grouping
Because FR LOAD 1 to 2, if the bandwidth is 10MHz, the maximum base station type can be configured as S7/7/7. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is 7.14
Page20
Example of 13 Frequency Reuse

Suppose 900 band: 96124 BTS configuration: S3/3/3 BCCH layer: 96109 reuse pattern: 43 TCH layer: 110124 reuse pattern: 13
Page21
TCH Consecutive Allocation Scheme

Cell1 MA1 (110,112) Cell1 MA1 (110,112) Cell3 (120,122) MA2 Cell3 Cell2 MA3 (115,117) Cell1 MA1 (110,112) Cell2 MA3 (115,117)
(120,122) MA2
Cell3 (120,122) MA2
Cell2 MA3 (115,117)
MAIO CELL1(MA1) CELL2(MA2) CELL3(MA3) 110 115 120 111 112 116 117 121 122 113 118 123 114 119 124 0,2 0,2 0,2
Page22
TCH Interval Allocation Scheme

Cell1 MA1 (110,113)
Cell1 MA1 (110,113)
(124,112) MA2
Cell3
Cell2 MA3 (117,120)
Cell3 (124,112) MA2 Cell1 MA1 (110,113)
Cell2 MA3 (117,120)
Cell3 (124,112) MA2
Cell2 MA3 (117,120)
MAIO CELL1(MA1) CELL2(MA2) CELL3(MA3) 110 113 111 114 112 115 116 119 122 117 120 123 118 121 124 0,1 2,3 4,0
Page23
The Characteristics of the 1 x 3

The frequencies are more tightly reused, so the network capacity is great. When planning a network, only need to plan BCCH, while its unnecessary to replan frequencies. So the efficiency for network planning is high. Wideband combiner must be used, but the cavity combiner with frequency selectivity is inapplicable. Co-channel and neighbor channel interference increases as the frequency reuse distance decreases.
RF hopping must be used, and the channel numbers participating frequency hopping is twice that of the number of carriers at least.
In actual conditions, BCCH cannot take measures, such as RF hopping, DTX, and power control, therefore, in order to ensure network quality, BCCH can only use the looser 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern.
Page24

One cell of one base station forms a frequency reuse cluster If the available bandwidth is 6MHz ,the channel numbers are 96~124
For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 111~124, frequency reuse pattern is 43 For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 96~110, frequency reuse pattern is 11
Frequency group number A B C Channel number 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 MAIO 0,2,4 6,8 10,12
the maximum base station type can be configured as S4/3/3 under 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is 7.25/9.67/9.67, so the average value is 8.86.
Therefore, the maximum base station configuration under 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern is the same as that under 1 x 3 frequency reuse space grouping pattern, so is the network capacity.
Page25
13 and 11
BCCH14+TCH36
1BCCH+12TCH
13
1BCCH+12TCH 1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+TCH 1BCCH+3TCH 1BCCH+3TCH
11
1BCCH+36TCH 1BCCH+36TCH
43
Page26
Illustration of 13 or 11
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7 TRX8 TRX9... TRX14

TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
TRX8 TRX9... TRX14
TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
The red items are BCCH RCs
Page27
Contents
Page28
Conception of MRP Technology
According to multiple reuse pattern (MRP), the carriers are divided into several groups.
The carries in each group work as an independent layer, and each layer uses a different frequency reuse pattern.
During frequency planning, configure the carriers layer by layer, with reuse density increases layer by layer, as shown in the next slide.
Page29
Conception of MRP Technology
Page30
Example of MRP
Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied: Supposing there are 300 cells Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency) Normal 43 reuse: reuse density=12 Network capacity = (40/12)300 = 1000 TRX Multiple reuse: BCCH layer: re-use =12, (14 frq.) Normal TCH layer: re-use =10, (20 frq.) Aggressive TCH layer: re-use = 6, (6 frq.) Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)300 = 1200 TRX
Page31
Example of MRP
Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied: Supposing there are 300 cells Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency) Normal 43 reuse: reuse density=12 Network capacity = (40/12)300 = 1000 TRX Multiple reuse: BCCH layer: reuse density=12, (14 frequency) Normal TCH layer: reuse density=10, (20 frequency) Aggressive TCH layer: reuse density= 6, (6 frequency) Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)300 = 1200 TRX
Page32
Contents
Page33
Conception of Concentric Cell Technology
In the GSM network, concentric cell technology is used to divide the service area into two parts: overlaid and underlaid. Essentially, the concentric cell technology concerns channel allocation and handover, but when combining this technology with various frequency planning technologies, both expand network capacity can be improved network quality.
Overlaid-cell Underlaid-cell
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page34
Overlaid/Underlaid Frequency Configuration
Super fn Regular fm
Super fn Regular fm
Super fn Regular fm
BCCH 15f
Regular 24f
Super 12f
BCCH TRX reuse density: 12 Regular TCH TRX reuse density: 12 Super TCH TRX reuse density: 6
Page35
Conception of Concentric Cell Technology
Generally, 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is used for the underlaid. For

overlaid, the frequency reuse patterns, such as 3 x 3, 2 x 3, or 1 x 3, are used. Therefore, all carriers can be divided into two groups, one for underlaid, and the other one for overlaid.
Underlaid Overlaid
Page36
Contents
Page37
Contents
6. Frequency Hopping
6.1 Classification of hopping 6.2 Advantages of hopping 6.3 Parameter of hopping 6.4 Collocation of hopping data
Page38
Frequency Hopping
Page39
Advantages of Hopping
Get an agreeable radio environment.
Provide a similar communication quality for every user.
Tighter reuse patterns are possible to be used for larger

capacity.
Page40
Frequency Diversity of Hopping
Smoothen the rapid fading (Rayleigh fading)
Page41
Interference Diversity of Hopping
Smoothen and average the interference

Classification of Hopping
According to implementation mode
Base-band hopping RF hopping
According to the minimum hopping time unit
Timeslot hopping Frame hopping
Page43
Base Band Hopping Principle
FH bus
Page44
BCCH carrier attends hopping, on which TS0 can not attend hopping
TS 0 TRX0 TRX1 TRX2 TRX3

No Hopping
TS 1
TS 2
TS 3
TS 4
TS 5
TS 6
TS 7
ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
10(TCH carrier) 15(TCH carrier) 20(TCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20}
MA={5,10,15,20}
Page45
BCCH carrier does not attends hopping

No Hopping
TS 1
No Hopping
TS 2
No Hopping
TS 3
No Hopping
TS 4
No Hopping
TS 5
No Hopping
TS 6
No Hopping
TS 7
No Hopping
ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
10(TCH carrier) 15(TCH carrier) 20(TCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20}
Page46
RF Hopping Principle
Page47
RF Hopping Principle
BCCH carrier does not attends hopping

No Hopping
TS 1
No Hopping
TS 2
No Hopping
TS 3
No Hopping
TS 4
No Hopping
TS 5
No Hopping
TS 6
No Hopping
TS 7
No Hopping
(BCCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20} MA={10,15,20}
(TCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20}
Page48
Classification of Hopping
Frame hopping
Frequency changes every TDMA frame. The different channel of one TRX uses the same MAIO.
Timeslot hopping
Frequency changes every timeslot. The different channel of one TRX uses the different MAIO.
Page49
Frame Hopping
RF hopping and baseband hopping without BCCH carrier
Frame 0 f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
One TRX (none BCCH carrier) hopping on 5 frequencies

Timeslot Hopping
5 timeslots on 1 TRX hopping on 5 frequencies
Frame 0 f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
Page51
Hopping Parameters
All the parameters which are related to hopping are configured in Cell Attributes/Frequency Hopping.
Hopping mode: the mode used by the BTS system
No hopping Base band hopping RF hopping
Page52
Hopping Parameters
HSNHopping Sequence Number063
HSN=0cycle hopping. HSN0random hopping. Every sequence number corresponds a pseudo random sequence.
Page53
Hopping Parameters
MA (Mobile Allocation Set):
MA is the set of available RF bands when hopping, containing at most 64
frequency carriers. The frequency being used must be those of the available
frequency
MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index Offset)
MAIO is used to define the initial frequency of the hopping.
Be careful to configure the MAIO of same timeslot in all channels, otherwise

interference occurs.
MAI (Mobile Allocation Index)
At the air interface, the frequency used on a specific burst is an element in MA
set. MAI is used for indication, referring to a specific element in the MA set.
MAI is the function of TDMA FN, HSN and MAIO.
Page54
Example of MAIO
TS 0 TRX0 TRX1
No Hopping
TS 1
0 2
TS 2
1 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 0
TS 3
TS 4
3 2 0 2 1 0 2 1 2 2
TS 5
TS 6
1 2 2 2 3 2
TS 7
2 2 3 2 0 2
ARFCN 5(BCCH carrier) 10(TCH carrier) 15(TCH carrier) 20(TCH carrier)
TRX2 0
TRX3
1
1 2 2
2 MA1={10,15,20} 2
MAIO
2 2 2 MA2={5,10,15,20}
3 1
2
MAI
0
2
1 MAIO
2
2 0 1
2
2 33
0
2
1
2
MAIO
Page55
Example of MAIO
TS 0 TRX0 TRX1 TRX2 0 TRX3 TRX4 1 TRX5 TRX6
2 1 1 1
No Hopping
TS 1
0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2
TS 2
1 2 2 2 3 2 0 2 2 2 3 2 0 2 1 2 3 0
TS 3
TS 4
3 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2
TS 5
TS 6
1 2 2 2 3 2 0 2
TS 7
2 2 3 2 0 2 1 2
ARFCN 5(BCCH carrier) 10(TCH carrier) 15(TCH carrier) 20(TCH carrier) 510(TCH carrier) 515(TCH carrier) 520(TCH carrier)
TRX7
0 3
1
3 2
2
3 3
0
3 1 3 2 3 3
1
3 2 3 3 3 0
2
3 3 3 0 3 1
3
3 0 3 1 3
Page56
525(TCH carrier)
MA1={10,15,20} MA2={5,10,15,20} 1 3 3 3 3 MA3={510,515,520,525}

2 3 3 3 0 0 3 1 1 3 2
Example of MAIO
5 TRXs separately belongs to the same MA hopping on 5 frequencies, and uses same HSNs
Frame 0 5 10 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
15
20 25
MA={5,10,15,20,25}
Page57
Example of Hopping Parameters

8 timeslots of 1 TRX separately belongs to different MAs hopping on 5 frequencies, and uses different HSNs.
Frame 0 f0 f1 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
f2
f3 f4
Page58
Example of Hopping Parameters

5 TRXs separately belongs to different MAs hopping on 5 frequencies, and uses different HSNs
Frame 0 f0 f1 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
f2
f3 f4
Page59
Thank you
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GSM Frequency Planning

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Frequency Resource of GSM System

Duplex distance : 45 MHz

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Frequency Resource of GSM System

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Concept of Frequency Reuse

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Example of Frequency Reuse

If every frequency is reused N times

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

can be expressed by the following equation

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reuse density is the number of cells in a basic reuse cluster.

For the n x m frequency reuse pattern,

Little interference, but frequency reuse efficiency is low.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Requirement for C/I Ratio

Noise from environment

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Requirement for C/I Ratio

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell A fre 5 ?dB<

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Example of 4 x 3 Frequency Reuse

Hereunder are several assumptions

The available bandwidth is 10MHz. The channel number is 45~94

Frequency group number

Channel Number of Each Frequency Group

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

4 x 3 Frequency Reuse Conclusion

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1 x 3 Frequency Reuse Pattern

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Example of 1 x 3 Frequency Reuse

If the available bandwidth is 10MHz ,the channel numbers are 45~94

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Example of 13 Frequency Reuse

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

TCH Consecutive Allocation Scheme

Cell3 (120,122) MA2

Cell2 MA3 (115,117)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

TCH Interval Allocation Scheme

Cell2 MA3 (117,120)

Cell3 (124,112) MA2 Cell1 MA1 (110,113)

Cell2 MA3 (117,120)

Cell3 (124,112) MA2

Cell2 MA3 (117,120)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Characteristics of the 1 x 3

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Example of 1 x 1 Frequency Reuse

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1BCCH+TCH 1BCCH+3TCH 1BCCH+3TCH

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.