1.

(Laser)
(Infrared IrDA)

.
.
. .

. ,
. -
:
;
;
.

-
. .
, .
.
. ,
(coaxial): (co) (axial)
() .
.
, .

01-1

. 1-1.
RG (Registered Grade).
(thinnet)
(thicknet).

- thicknet .
, - RG-58. 50 .
185 ,
.

. 1-2. RG-58

, thinnet ,
. RG-59, RG-6, RG-11
75 .

01-2

 , . -
.
, .

,
British Naval Connector (BNC) .

. 1-3. BNC
:
BNC ;
BNC (1 + 2 (1M+2F), 3 (3F));
BNC (F-F);
BNC .

. 1-4. BNC :
, (1M+2F, 3F), ,
BNC .
BNC T .
, T BNC
50 .
.

(thicknet) .
RG-8 RG-11. 500
, . - -,
.

RG-8

01-3

RG-11

,
.
.

.
,
. ,
. ,
. .
:

(Unshielded
Twisted Pair UTP). -
,
. UTP

,
. UTP
4
. UTP ,

90 .

.

UTP CAT.5

UTP patch
.
UTP CAT.5 PATCH

(Shielded Twisted
Pair STP). UTP,
,

.
.

. STP
.

01-4


- (Foiled
Twisted Pair FTP).
, - STP.
.
-
UTP ,
.

.

SFTP (Screened Fully-shielded Twisted Pair)
.
.
,
.


.

,
.
.

CAT 1

.
.

CAT 2

4 Mbps.
.

CAT 3

10 Mbps.
90- .

CAT 4

16 Mbps.
IBM - .

CAT 5

100 Mbps .
- .

CAT 5

1000Mbps.
CAT 6 .

CAT 6

100 1000Mbps .
1-1.

, .

01-5


,
RJ-45. RJ (Registered Jack ) ,
.
RJ-11 , -.
8 , RJ-11 4. RJ-45
.

.1-5. RJ-45
RJ-45
UTP 4 .
.
568 568.
RJ-45

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

T568A

T568B

-
-

-
-

-
-

-
-

1-2. 568 568

.
,
. .
,
().
: RJ-45

01-6


(fiber-optic)
, , .
-
40 Gbps. ,
.

. 1-6.
,
. ,
.
, , . -
.

- .
- . ,
-,
.

:
- (Single mode) . -
, WAN 70 .
- (Multi mode)

. - .
LAN 2000 .
:
: .


: SC, LC, ST, FC .

SC

01-7

LC

PM

ST

FC

- .
, ,
.
Patch
.
.

. 1-7. Patch
:
01-8


- .
:
;
;
.

,
.
:
;
;
.
(Laser)
, ,
, .

. ,
.
.
.
.
.
FSO (Fiber Space Optics) ,
.
- .
.
OSI , LAN
.
.

,
.
10Mbps. (: http://ronja.twibright.com/ 10Mbps 1.4km)
, , , . .

.
- FSO :
1.
, .
2. .
. ,
, .
.
3. 10Hz
. 10 ,
, , .
wikipedia.org

01-9

 (Infrared IrDA)
, ,
.
.
IrDA
(Infrared Data Association). 5cm 60cm.
IrDA FSO - .
, :
SIR (Serial Infrared) , RS-232
(9600bps, 19200bps, 38400bps, 57600bps 115200bps);
MIR (Medium Infrared) . 0.576
bps 1.152 Mbps;
FIR (Fast Infrared). 4Mbps.
VFIR (Very Fast Infrared). 16Mbps.
UFIR (Ultra Fast Infrared). , .
100Mbps.

-
:
PAN
WLAN
WWAN .
WPAN - Bluetooth

Bluetooth1 ,
, (PAN
Personal Area Network). ,
. :
, . 802.11b, 802.11g
2400-2483.5 MHz.,
. - 79 RF ,
0 78, 1MHz, 2402MHz.
. Bluetooth GFSK (Gaussian Frequency-Shift Keying)
.
, - 115kHz. FHSS
(Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum). ,
, 625ms.
, .
Bluetooth :

1
100 mW (20 dBm) 100 m
2
2.5 mW (4 dBm)
10 m
3
1 mW (0 dBm)
1m
1-3. Bluetooth
1

Bluetooth Bluetooth.com

01-10

 : 1.2 1Mbps,
2.0+EDR 3Mbps.

. 1-8. Bluetooth
WLAN
WLAN Wi-Fi .
IEEE 802.11.
-, - 802.11a,
802.11b 802.11g. 802.11b 802.11g
2.4GHz, , Bluetooth
. 2.4GHz
. 802.11a 5GHz.
,
.
.

()

(
)

(
)

2 Mbit/s

20 m

100 m

()

1997

2.4 GHz

802.11a

1999

5.15-5.35 GHz
5.47-5.725 GHz 25 Mbit/s
5.725-5.875 GHz

54 Mbit/s

35 m

120 m

802.11b

1999

2.4-2.5 GHz

6.5 Mbit/s

11 Mbit/s

38 m

140 m

802.11g

2003

2.4-2.5 GHz

25 Mbit/s

54 Mbit/s

38 m

140 m

802.11n

2007

2.4 5 GHz

200 Mbit/s

540 Mbit/s

70 m

250 m

0.9 Mbit/s

1-4. 802.11
WWAN
2G 3G ,
(wide area cellular telephone networks). GSM (9600bps), GPRS (2G)
56 114 kbps, UTMS (3G) downlink 384 kbps uplink 64 kbps, CDMA2000 (3G) 1.8
Mbps, HSDPA (3.5G) 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 14.4 Mbps.

WiMax. IEEE 802.16.
10-66 GHz. 802.16d 2004 .
2-11GHz. WiMax,
. 2005 . 802.16e WiMax.
OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing)
, , .
WiMax 5 8 km 512 bps
2 Mbps.
(wireless
bridges) 802.11 . -
( ) 15 km 2.4 GHz 30 km
5GHz .
: WiMax WiFi
: -

01-11



?
?
?
UTP ?

?
7. UTP CAT 5e ?
8. ?
9. . 1-9.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

. 1-9

01-12