Bai Tap Toan A4

Nuc luc
1 CHU0I S0 VA CHU0I IUY THUA 3

1.1 CHL0I S0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J
1.2 CHL0I LLY 1HLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN CAP 1 15
2.1 PHL0NC 1RNH \I PHAN IANC I0N CIAN \A 1ACH ILN . . 1b
2.2 PHL0NC 1RNH \I PHAN 1HLAN NHA1 \A PHL0NC 1RNH
ILA IL0C \L PHL0NC 1RNH 1HLAN NHA1 . . . . . . . . . 19
2.J PHL0NC 1RNH \I PHAN 1LYLN 1NH \A PHL0NC 1RNH
LCNLLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4 PHL0NC 1RNH \I PHAN 10AN PHAN - 1HLA S0 1CH PHAN 2b
3 PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN CAP 2 28
J.1 PHL0NC 1RNH \I PHAN CIAN CAP IL0C . . . . . . . . . . . 28
J.2 PHL0NC 1RNH \I PHAN 1LYLN 1NH CAP 2 HL S0 HANC . JJ
4 HF PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN 41
5 CHU0I F0URIFR 43
6 PHU0NC TRNH A0 HAN RIFNC 46
b.1 PHL0NC 1RNH NHIL1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4b
b.2 PHL0NC 1RNH S0NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b1
2
b.J PHL0NC 1RNH LAPLACL 1R0NC HNH CHL NHA1 . . . . . b7
Chuong 1
CHU0I S0 VA CHU0I IUY
THUA
1.1 CHU0I S0
A. T0N TAT IY THUYFT
Cho chuoi so
+
n=1
a
n
(1.1)
|nh ly 1.1 //ea //eo cao c/ac/ /c/ /a
/ea //eo cao de c/ac/ /1.1 /c/ /a /a lim
n
a
n
= 0.
V du 1.1 Xe/ sa /c/ /a caa c/ac/ sc.
+
n=1
n
n + 1
.
Ciai: 1a co a
n
=
n
n + 1
.
Io lim
n+
a
n
= lim
n+
n
n + 1
= 1 = 0. \ay chuoi da cho phan ky.
|nh ly 1.2 /0aa //ea //c/ p/ao
C/c c/ac/ //co am
+
n=1
a
n
. C/a sa f(x) /a mc/ /am dao d/ea /reo [1, +)
ca f(n) = a
n
ca/ mc/ n N. K// dc
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 4
/1 Nea lim
x+
_
x
1
f(t) dt < + /// c/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
/c/ /a.
/? Nea lim
x+
_
x
1
f(t) dt = + /// c/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
p/ao /.
+
n=1
1
n
, ( > 0).
Ciai: Xct ham so f(x) =
1
x
. Ic thay f la ham licn tuc, don dicu giam trcn

[1, +) va f(n) =
1
n
.
1a lai co:
lim
x+
_
x
1
f(t) dt =
_
_
1
1
, > 1
+, 1
Io do thco dau hicu tch phan chuoi
+
n=1
1
n
hoi tu voi > 1 va phan ky voi

1.
|nh ly 1.3 /0aa //ea sc sao/
C/a sa
+
n=1
a
n
ca
+
n=1
b
n
cac c/ac/ //co am. Nea /co /a/ sc /a o//eo n
0
ca /ao sc C > 0 sac c/c a
n
Cb
n
ca/ mc/ n n
0
. K// dc
/1 C/ac/
+
n=1
b
n
/c/ /a /// c/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
/c/ /a.
/? C/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
p/ao / /// c/ac/
+
n=1
b
n
p/ao /.
+
n=1
1
n(n + 1)
.
Ciai: 1a co
1
n(n + 1)
<
1
n
2
voi moi n. Io chuoi
+
n=1
1
n
2
hoi tu. Ncn chuoi
+
n=1
1
n(n + 1)
hoi tu thco dau hic so sanh.
|nh ly 1.4 /0aa //ea sc sao/
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N b
C/a sa
+
n=1
a
n
ca
+
n=1
b
n
/a cac c/ac/ //co am. C/a sa lim
n+
a
n
b
n
= k. K//
dc
/1 Nea 0 < k < + /// c/ac/
+
n=1
b
n
ca c/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
cao /c/ /a /cac
cao p/ao /.
/? Nea k = 0 ca
+
n=1
b
n
/c/ /a /// c/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
/c/ /a.
/3 Nea k = + ca
+
n=1
b
n
p/ao / /// c/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
p/ao /.
+
n=1
sin
1
n
.
Ciai: 1a co lim
n+
sin
1
n
1
n
= 1.
Io chuoi
+
n=1
1
n
phan ky ncn chuoi
+
n=1
sin
1
n
phan ky thco dau hicu so sanh.
|nh ly 1.5 /0aa //ea Caac/
C/c c/ac/ //co am
+
n=1
a
n
. C/a sa lim
n+
n
a
n
= c /a mc/ sc /aa /ao
/cac cc /ao. K// dc
/1 Nea c < 1 /// c/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
/c/ /a.
/? Nea c > 1 /// c/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
p/ao /.
Chu y: Ncu c = 1 noi chung ta chua kct luan duoc. Nhung ncu c = 1 va ton
tai n
0
sao cho
n
a
n
1 moi n n
0
thi chuoi
+
n=1
a
n
phan ky.
+
n=1
n
2
n
.
Ciai: 1a co lim
n+
n
_
n
2
n
=
1
2
lim
n+
n
n =
1
2
< 1. \ay chuoi
+
n=1
n
2
n
hoi tu
thco dau hicu Cauchy.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N b
|nh ly 1.6 /0aa //ea 0'4/ember/
C/c c/ac/ //co am
+
n=1
a
n
. C/a sa lim
n+
a
n+1
a
n
= d /a mc/ sc /aa /ao
/cac cc /ao. K// dc
/1 Nea d < 1 /// c/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
/c/ /a.
/? Nea d > 1 /// c/ac/
+
n=1
a
n
p/ao /.
Chu y: Ncu d = 1 noi chung ta chua kct luan duoc. Nhung ncu d = 1 va ton
tai n
0
sao cho
a
n+1
a
n
1 moi n n
0
thi chuoi
+
n=1
a
n
phan ky.
+
n=1
1
n!
.
Ciai: Iat a
n
=
1
n!
. Khi do
a
n+1
a
n
=
1
n + 1
. Io do lim
n+
a
n+1
a
n
= lim
n+
1
n + 1
=
0 < 1. \ay chuoi hoi tu thco dau hicu I`Alcmbcrt.
|nh ly 1.7 /0aa //ea Le/bo/:
Nea {a
n
} /a mc/ da dao d/ea ca lim
n+
a
n
= 0 /// c/ac/
+
n=1
(1)
n
a
n
/c/
/a.
+
n=1
(1)
n
n
, ( > 0).
Ciai: Iat a
n
=
1
n
. 1a co a
n+1
=
1
(n + 1)
<
1
n
= a
n
. 1uc la day {a
n
}
la day don dicu giam va lim
n+
a
n
= lim
n+
1
n
= 0, ( > 0). Io do chuoi

+
n=1
(1)
n
n
, ( > 0). hoi tu thco dau hicu Lcibniz

B. BAI TAP
Bai 1.1 T/m /co caa cac c/ac/ sc saa.
1.
+
n=1
1
n(n + 2)
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 7
2.
+
n=1
2
n
1
3
n
3.
+
n=1
n + 1
n + 2
_
(n + 1)(n + 2)
4.
+
n=1
ln
n + 1
n
5.
+
n=1
_
3
n 1 2
3
n +
3
n + 1
_
Bai 1.2 Xe/ sa /c/ /a caa cac c/ac/ saa.
1.
+
n=1
(1)
n
n
n
(n + 1)
n
2.
+
n=1
n
2
+ 2n + 1
n
2
3.
+
n=1
7
n
5
n
+ 3
n
4.
+
n=1
5
n
5
n
+ 3
n
5.
+
n=1
_
1 +
1
n
_
n
2
e
n
6.
+
n=1
e
n
_
1
1
n
_
n
2
7.
+
n=1
(1)
n
n
_
e
1
n
1
_
8.
+
n=1
nln
_
1 +
1
n
_
9.
+
n=1
e
a ln n+b
c ln n+d
, (a, c = 0)
10.
+
n=1
nsin
n
2
+ 1
n
3
11.
+
n=1
n
2
sin
2
1
n
12.
+
n=1
n
3
tan
2
1
n
n
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 8
13.
+
n=1
sin
1
n
e
1
n
1
14.
+
n=1
(4n)
n
_
n
n 1
_
2n
15.
+
n=1
_
1 sin
1
n
_
n
Bai 1.3 Sa dao daa //ea //c/ p/ao ve/ sa /c/ /a caa cac c/ac/ saa.
1.
+
n=2
1
nln n
2.
+
n=2
1
nln
2
n
3.
+
n=1
e
n
4.
+
n=1
ne
n
2
5.
+
n=1
arctan n
n
2
+ 1
6.
+
n=1
n
2
n
3
+ 1
1.
+
n=1
n
2
+ 2n + 3
n
4
+ 3n
2
+ 2
2.
+
n=1
1
2n
2
1
3.
+
n=1
1
n
_
n + 2
n + 1
_
4.
+
n=1
_
1 cos
1
n
_
5.
+
n=1
n
4
nsin
3
1
n
2
6.
+
n=1
sin ln
_
1 +
1
n
_
7.
+
n=1
ln
_
1 + sin
1
n
2
_
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 9
8.
+
n=1
sin
1
n
ln
_
1 +
1
n
_
9.
+
n=1
1
(ln n)
ln n
10.
+
n=1
n
2
sin
5
1
n
11.
+
n=1
n
3
sin
2
1
n
3
12.
+
n=1
1
n
_
e
1
n
1
_
13.
+
n=1
_
n
1
n
2
1
_
14.
+
n=1
1
n
_
n
n 1
_
15.
+
n=1
_
ln
_
e +
1
n
_
1
_
1.
+
n=1
n
3
2
n
3
n
n
2
2.
+
n=1
n
3
+ n
2
+ 1
e
n
+ n + 1
3.
+
n=1
e
n
_
1 +
1
n
_
n(n+1)
4.
+
n=1
n
n
sin
n

n
5.
+
n=1
n
n
tan
n
1
n
6.
+
n=1
a
n
_
1 +
1
n
_
n(n+1)
, (a > 0).
7.
+
n=1
n
(n+1)
2
(n + 1)
n(n+2)
8.
+
n=1
_
n
e
_
n
sin
n
1
n
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 10
9.
+
n=1
_
n
e
_
n
_
e
1
n
1
_
n
10.
+
n=1
_
n
2
_
n
ln
n
_
1 +
1
n
_
11.
+
n=1
a
n
_
1
1
n
_
n
2
, a > 0
12.
+
n=1
(n 1)
n
2
sin
n
2 1
n
13.
+
n=1
n
n
2
_
n + 2
n
_
2n
2
14.
+
n=1
_
n + 2 +
n + 3 +
n + 1
_
n
2
15.
+
n=1
_
e
1
n

2
n
_
n
2
1.
+
n=1
n2
n
n!
2.
+
n=1
n
n
e
n
(2n + 1)!!
3.
+
n=1
n
n
n!
(2n)!
4.
+
n=1
n!
(2n + 1)!!
5.
+
n=1
C
n+1
2n
6.
+
n=1
n!
_
a
n
_
n
, (a > 0)
7.
+
n=1
(n!)
k
k
n
k
, (a > 0, k N
)
8.
+
n=1
100
n
n
100
n!
9.
+
n=1
(n!)
2
2
n!
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 11
10.
+
n=1
(n!)
2
2
n
2
1.
+
n=1
(1)
n
n
2
+ 1
n
2
n
2.
+
n=1
(1)
n
n
4
n + 2n
3
+ 1
n
5
3.
+
n=1
(1)
n
(n
2
2n + 2)2
n
4.
+
n=1
(1)
n
ln
_
1 +
1
n
_
5.
+
n=1
(1)
n
sin
1
n
6.
+
n=1
(1)
n
_
e
1
n
1
_
7.
+
n=1
(1)
n
_
cos
1
n
1
_
8.
+
n=1
(1)
n
1 +
n
n
1.2 CHU0I IUY THUA
Cho chuoi luy thua
+
n=0
a
n
x
n
= a
0
+ a
1
x + a
2
x
2
+ .. (1.2)
|nh ly 1.8 //o/ / 4be/
Tco /a/ sc 0 R + sac c/c
/1 C/ac/ /1.? /c/ /a /rco //cao (R, R) ca /c/ /a dea /rco mc/ dcao
[r, r] ca/ 0 < r < R.
/? C/ac/ /1.? p/ao / /a/ mc/ x ma |x| > R.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 12
|nh ly 1.9 //o/ / Caac/-Hadamard
C/a sa = lim
n
n
_
|a
n
| //cac = lim
n
a
n+1
a
n
. K// dc bao //o/ /c/ /a

caa c/ac/ /1.? daac //o/ //ec cco //ac
R =
_
_
1
, 0 < <
+, = 0
0, = +.
Cac d|nh ly Abcl va Cauchy-Hadamard cho ta phuong phap tim micn hoi tu
cua chuoi luy thua:
V du 1.8 T/m m/eo /c/ /a caa c/ac/.
+
n=1
(x 1)
n
n
.
Ciai: 1a co = lim
n+
n
_
1
n
= 1. Io do thco d|nh ly Cauchy Hadamard ban
knh hoi tu cua chuoi da cho la R = 1.
\oi x : |x 1| < 1 hay 0 < x < 2 thi chuoi da cho hoi tu (thco d|nh ly
Abcl).
\oi x : |x 1| > 1 hay x < 0 hoac x > 2 thi chuoi da cho phan ky (thco
d|nh ly Abcl).
1ai x = 0 chuoi co dang
+
n=1
(1)
n
n
. Chuoi nay hoi tu thco dau hicu Lcibniz.
1ai x = 2 chuoi co dang
+
n=1
1
n
. Chuoi nay phan ky thco dau hicu tch phan.
\ay micn hoi tu cua chuoi la: 0 x < 2.
B. BAI TAP
Bai 1.8 T/m m/eo /c/ /a caa c/ac/
1.
+
n=1
(1)
n
n
(x + 1)
n
2.
+
n=1
2
n
3
n
n
3
+ 1
(2x 1)
n
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 1J
3.
+
n=1
n
2
+ n + 1
2n
2
+ 3n + 1
(3x 2)
n
4.
+
n=1
a
n
a
n
+ b
n
(5x + 2)
n
, (a, b > 0)
5.
+
n=1
a
n
(x 1)
n
6.
+
n=1
n
3
+ 1
n
2
+ 1
_
2x
x
2
+ 1
_
n
7.
+
n=1
1
n
_
e
1
n
1
_
(2x + 3)
n
8.
+
n=1
n
n+
1
n
_
n +
1
n
_
n
(x + 3)
n
9.
+
n=1
_
1 sin
1
n
_
n
(1 x)
n
10.
+
n=1
_
1 cos
1
n
_
(2 3x)
n
11.
+
n=1
1
(n + 1) ln(n + 1)
(x
2
2x)
n
12.
+
n=1
_
x + 1
x
2
+ 1
_
n
13.
+
n=1
_
n + 1
n
_
(1 x
2
)
n
14.
+
n=1
_
1 +
1
n
_
n(n+1) _
x
e
_
n
15.
+
n=1
n + 1
n3
n
(x + 1)
n
Bai 1.9 T/m m/eo /c/ /a caa c/ac/
1.
+
n=1
(n!)
2
(2n)!
(2x 1)
n
2.
+
n=1
n!
n
n
(2x
2
1)
n
3.
+
n=1
n!
_
e
n
_
n
(2 x)
n
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 14
4.
+
n=1
(2n)!!
(2n 1)!!
_
1 x
1 + x
_
n
5.
+
n=1
n!
(2n 1)!!
(x
3
1)
n
6.
+
n=1
a
n
n!
(x + 2)
n
7.
+
n=1
n!
(2n)!
(2x + 1)
n
8.
+
n=1
(2n)!!
n
n
(2x + 1)
n
9.
+
n=1
C
n+1
2n
x
n
10.
+
n=1
n!
2
n
2
(x
2
1)
n
Chuong 2
PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN CAP
1
2.1 PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN DANC 0N CIAN VA
TACH BIFN
1. l/aao c/ p/ao //co c/aa /am p/a/ //m dao /r/o/ dao.
y
= f(x).
K// dc /a cc o//em /co aa/.
y =
_
f(x) dx + C.
V du 2.1 T/m o//em /co aa/ caa p/aao /r/o/.
y
= 2x
2
+ 1.
Ciai: Nghicm tong quat cua phuong trinh duoc cho duoi dang:
y =
_
(2x + 1) dx + C = x
2
+ x + C.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 1b
2. l/aao c/ p/ao //co c/aa b/eo dcc /ap dao /r/o/ dao.
y
= f(y).
K// dc oea f(y) = 0 /a cc o//em /co aa/.
x =
_
1
f(y)
dy + C.
y
= y
2
+ 1.
Ciai: Nghicm tong quat cua phuong trinh:
x =
_
1
y
2
+ 1
dy + C = arctan y + C.
hay
y = tan(x C).
3. l/aao c/ p/ao dao /r/o/ dao.
y
= f(ax + by), (a, b = 0).

l/aao p/ap /a/. a/ z = ax + by. K// dc y
=
z
a
b
.
y
= x + y.
Ciai: Iat z = x +y. 1a co: z
= 1 +y
hay y
= z
1 thay vao phuong trinh

dc bai ta duoc phuong trinh z
= z + 1.
1u do ta co x =
_
dz
z + 1
+C = ln(z +1) +C
1
hay z = Ce
x
1, (C = e
C
1
).
Io do y = z x = Ce
x
x 1.
4. l/aao c/ p/ao /ac/ b/eo.
m(x) dx + n(y) dy = 0.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 17
N//em /co aa/ caa p/aao /r/o/ c/c ba/.
_
m(x) dx +
_
n(y) dy = C.
(3x
2
+ 1) dx + 2y dy = 0.
Ciai: 1ch phan tong quat co dang:
_
(3x
2
+ 1) dx +
_
2y dy = C
hay x
3
+ x + y
2
= C.
5. l/aao c/ p/ao /ac/ b/eo.
m
1
(x)n
1
(y) dx + m
2
(x)n
2
(y) dy = 0.
Nea m
2
(x)n
1
(y) = 0 /// o//em /co aa/ caa p/aao /r/o/ c/c ba/.
_
m
1
(x)
m
2
(x)
dx +
_
n
2
(y)
n
1
(y)
dy = C.
x(y
2
+ 1) dx + (x
2
+ 2)y dy = 0.
Ciai: Io (y
2
+ 1)(x
2
+ 2) = moi x, y ncn tch phan tong quat co dang:
_
x
x
2
+ 2
dx +
_
y
y
2
+ 1
dy = C
.
Io do ta co: ln(x
2
+ 2) + ln(y
2
+ 1) = 2C
hay ln(x
2
+ 2) + ln(y
2
+ 1) = C, (C = 2C
).
B. BAI TAP
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 18
Bai 2.1 T/m //c/ p/ao /co aa/ caa cac p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao saa.
1. y
= xcos x
2. y
= e
x
sin x
3. y
=
x
2
e
2x
4. y
=
x
2
x
3
1
5. y
= |x
2
1|
6. y
=
1
1 +
1 2x x
2
7. y
=
1
(x 1)
2
3
_
x + 1
x 1
1. y
= e
y
+ e
y
2. y
=
y
2
+ 2
y
2
+ 1
3. y
= y
n
4. y
= y ln y
5. y
= sin
2
y cos y
6. y
= 2
y
1. y
= e
2x+y
2
2. y
=
1
2x + 3y 1
3. y
= 5x y + 5
4. y
= x
2
+ 2xy + y
2
5. y
= (4x + y 1)
2
6. y
= cos(y x) + 1
1. e
x
sin 2x dx + e
2y
cos y dy = 0.
2.
ln x
x
dx +
1
y
2
+ 1
dy = 0
3.
x
2
+ 1
x
2
3x + 2
dx +
1
y + 1
dy = 0
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 19
4.
1
sin
2
x + cos
2
x
dx + dy = 0
5.
_
x
2
+ 1 dx + e
y
dy = 0
6.
_
1 x
2
dx +
_
1 y
2
dy = 0
7. tan x dx + cot y dy = 0
1. y
=
y
2
+ 1
x + 1
.
2. y
=
y + 1
x 1
3. y
=
2xy
x
2
+ 1
4. y
=
x
y
5. xy
=
y(x
2
+ 1)
x + 1
6. xy
=
y(x + 1)
x + 2
7. (x
2
+ 1)y
= y(x + 1)
8. 2x
_
1 y
2
dx + y dy = 0
9. x(x + 1) dy = (1 x)y
2
dx
2.2 PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN THUAN NHAT VA PHU0NC
TRNH UA U0C VF PHU0NC TRNH THUAN
NHAT
1. l/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao //aao o/a/ /dao cap dao.
M(x, y) dx + N(x, y) dy = 0
/rco dc M, N /a cac /am //aao o/a/ cao bac.
l/aao p/ap /a/. c/ b/eo y = xz. K// dc y
= z + xz
.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 20
V du 2.6 T/c/ p/ao p/aao /r/o/ saa.
y =
x + y
x
.
Ciai: Ioi bicn y = xz. Khi do y
= z +xz
. 1hc vao phuong trinh dc bai ta co:

z + xz
= 1 + z
hay
z
=
1
x
.
1ch phan phuong trinh nay ta duoc z = ln |x| + C. 1u do ta co:
y = xz = x(ln |x| + C).
2. l/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao daa daac ce p/aao /r/o/ //aao o/a/ dao.
y
= f
_
a
1
x + b
1
y + c
1
a
2
x + b
2
y + c
2
_
.
l/aao p/ap /a/. Nea a
1
b
2
a
2
b
1
= 0 : a/ z = a
1
x+b
1
y /cac z = a
2
x+b
2
y.
Nea a
1
b
2
a
2
b
1
= 0 : c/ b/eo.
_
_
x = u +
y = v +
ca/ , /a o//em caa /e.
_
_
a
1
+ b
1
+ c
1
= 0
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
= 0
.
y
=
x + y 1
x
.
Ciai: Ioi bicn x = u + , y = v + voi , la nghicm cua hc:
_
_
+ 1 = 0
= 0
Hc co nghicm = 1, = 0.
\ay ta co phcp doi bicn x = u + 1, y = v.
\oi bicn moi u, v ta co phuong trinh
v
=
u + v
u
.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 21
Su dung kct qua cua v du 2.6 ta co
v = u(ln u + C).
1hc lai cac bicn cu ta duoc
y = (x 1) (ln(x 1) + C) .
B. BAI TAP
Bai 2.6 T/c/ p/ao p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao saa.
1. y
=
2x + 3y
x
.
2. y
=
x + 5y
3x
3. y
=
ax + by
cx
, (c = 0)
4. xy
y = (x + y) ln
x + y
x
5. xy
y = xtan
y
x
6. xy
y = y ln
y
x
7. xy
= y cos ln
y
x
8. xy
= y xe
y
x
9. y
= e
y
x
+
y
x
10. (y +
xy) dx = x dy
11. (x
2
+ xy + y
2
) dx = x
2
dy
12. (x
2
+ y
2
) dx = xy dy
13.
dy
xy
=
dx
x
2
+ y
2
14.
dy
y
=
y dx
(x + y)x
Bai 2.7 T/c/ p/ao p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao saa.
1. y
=
x + y + 1
x y 3
.
2. y
=
2x + 3y 5
3x + 2y 5
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 22
3. y
=
2x + 3y 5
x 1
4. (x y 1) dx + (x y + 1) dy = 0
5. (2x y + 1) dx + (x y) dy = 0
2.3 PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN TUYFN TNH VA PHU0NC
TRNH BFCNUII
1. l/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao /aeo //o/ //aao o/a/ cap 1.
y
+ p(x)y = 0.
N//em /co aa/ caa p/aao /r/o/ cc dao.
y = Ce
_
p(x) dx
.
y
x
x
2
+ 1
y = 0.
Ciai: 1a co
_
p(x) dx =
_
x
x
2
+ 1
dx =
1
2
ln(x
2
+ 1).
Io do phuong trinh co nghicm tong quat
y = Ce
1
2
ln(x
2
+1)
= C
_
x
2
+ 1.
2. l/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao /aeo //o/ //co //aao o/a/ cap 1.
y
+ p(x)y = q(x).
N//em /co aa/ caa p/aao /r/o/ cc dao.
y = e
_
p(x) dx
_
_
C +
_
q(x)e
_
p(x) dx
dx
_
_
.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 2J
y
y
x
= 4x
2
.
Ciai: 1a co
_
p(x) dx =
_
1
x
dx = ln x
va
_
q(x)e
_
p(x) dx
dx =
_
4x
3
= x
4
.
Io do phuong trinh co nghicm tong quat
y = e
ln x
_
C + x
4
=
C
x
+ x
3
.
3. l/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao 8ecoa//.
y
+ p(x)y = q(x)y
.
Nea = 0; 1 p/aao /r/o/ /ra //ao/ p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao /aeo.
Nea = 0; 1 : c/ b/eo z = y
1
.
y
y
x
= xy
2
.
Ciai: y = 0 la mot nghicm cua phuong trinh.
1a tim nghicm y = 0 : 1a vict phuong trinh da cho duoi dang: y
y
2
y
1
x
= x.
Ioi bicn: z = y
12
= y
1
. 1a co z
= y
y
2
hay y
y
2
= z
. 1u do ta co
phuong trinh: z
z
x
= x hay z
+
z
x
= x. Iay la phuong trinh tuycn tnh,
do do ta co:
z = e
_
1
x
dx
_
_
C
1
_
xe
_
1
x
dx
_
_
=
C
1
x

x
2
3
.
Io do
y =
1
z
=
3x
C x
3
, (C = 3C
1
).
B. BAI TAP
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 24
Bai 2.8 T/m o//em /co aa/ caa cac p/aao /r/o/ saa.
1. y
+
a
x
y = 0
2. y
+ 2xy = 0
3. y
+ ay = 0
4. y
y
x
2
= 0
5. y
xe
x
2
y = 0
6. y
y tan x = 0
7. y
y
x
2
3x + 2
= 0
8. xy
+ y = 0
9. y
+ y =
1
x

1
x
2
1. y
+
a
x
y = x
2. y
+ 2xy = x
3
3. y
+ ay = x
2
4. x
2
y
y = 1
5. y
2x + 1
x(x + 1)
y =
2x + 1
x(x + 1)
6. y
+ y tan x = cos
2
x
7. y
y sin x = cos 2x + 1
8. y
+
y
x
=
3
x
3
9. y
+ 2xy = x
3
e
x
2
10.
_
y
e
2x
_
sin x + y cos x = 0
11. y = x
_
y
xcos x
_
1. y
2
x
y = xy
3
2. y
2xy = 3x
3
y
2
3. y
+
x
1 x
2
y = x
y
4. y
y
xln x
= xy
2
5. xy
2
y
y
3
= x
2
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 2b
6. y
y
4
cos x y tan x = 0
7. xy
2
y
= x
2
+ y
3
8. 2y
x
y
=
xy
x
2
1
9.
xy
y
3
+
2
y
2
+ x
5
e
x
= 0
2.4 PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN T0AN PHAN - THUA S0
TCH PHAN
1. l/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao /cao p/ao.
M(x, y) dx + N(x, y) dy = 0 (2.1)
l/aao p/ap /a/. K/em /ra d/ea //eo cao ca da de p/aao /r/o/ /a p/aao
/r/o/ c/ p/ao /cao p/ao.
M
y
=
N
x
.
Nea d/ea //eo cao ca da /reo daac //ca mao /// o//em /co aa/ caa /?.?
c/c ba/.
_
x
x
0
M(s, y) ds +
_
y
y
0
N(x
0
, s) ds = C.
/cac
_
x
x
0
M(s, y
0
) ds +
_
y
y
0
N(x, s) ds = C.
(1 + xy)y dx + x(1 + xy) dy = 0.
Ciai: 1a co:
M
y
=
N
x
= 1 + 2xy. Io do phuong trinh trcn la phuong trinh
vi phan toan phan.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 2b
Chon (x
0
, y
0
) = (0, 0). 1ch phan tong quat cua phuong trinh la:
_
x
0
(1 + sy)y ds = C
hay
xy +
x
2
y
2
2
= C.
2. Xe/ p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao.
M(x, y) dx + N(x, y) dy = 0 (2.2)
l/aao p/ap /a/.
Nea //aa sc //c/ p/ao c// p/a //acc x /cac y.
K// dc.
(x) = e
_
(x) dx
, (x) =
M
y

N
x
N
.
/cac
(y) = e
_
(y) dy
, (y) =
M
y

N
x
M
.
(1 + xy)y
x
dx + (1 + xy) dy = 0.
Ciai: 1a co:
M
y

N
x
N
=
1 + 2xy
x
y
1 + xy
=
1
x
.
Io do:
(x) = e
_
1
x
dx
= x
Nhan ca 2 vc cua phuong trinh da cho voi (x) = x ta duoc phuong trinh vi
phan toan phan:
(1 + xy)y dx + x(1 + xy) dy = 0.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 27
Iay la phuong trinh trong v du 2.11.
\ay bai toan da cho co tch phan tong quat la:
xy +
x
2
y
2
2
= C.
B. BAI TAP
Bai 2.11 T/c/ p/ao cac p/aao /r/o/ saa.
1.
_
x
2
_
x
3
+ y
3
+ y
_
dx +
_
y
2
_
x
3
+ y
3
+ x
_
dy = 0
2.
_
e
x
cos y + xy
2
+ 1
_
dx +
_
x
2
y e
x
sin y + 1
_
dy = 0
3. (cos xln y + e
x
sin y) dx +
_
cos x
y
+ e
x
cos y
_
dy = 0
4.
_
x + e
y
2
_
dx +
_
y 2xye
y
2
_
dy = 0
5. (1 + y
3
sin 2x) dx 3y
2
cos
2
x dy = 0
6.
x
2
+ 1
y
2
dx +
y 2x 2x
2
y
3
dy = 0
7.
x dx + y dy
_
x
2
+ y
2
+ 1
= 0
8.
_
x
sin y
+ 1
_
dx +
(x
2
+ 2) cos y
cos 2y 1
dy = 0
Bai 2.12 T/m //aa sc //c/ p/ao ca //c/ p/ao cac p/aao /r/o/ saa.
1. (p(x)y q(x)) dx + dy = 0
2. (ax + by) dx + (bx + ay) dy = 0
3.
_
x
2
+ y + 1
_
dx + x dy = 0
4. x dx
(x
2
+ 1) cos y
2 sin y
dy = 0
5. y
_
x
2
+ 1
_
dx +
_
y
2
2x 2x
2
_
dy = 0
6.
_
x
y
+ 1
_
dx +
_
x
y
1
_
dy = 0
7. (xsin y + y cos y) dx + (xcos y y sin y) dy = 0
Chuong 3
PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN CAP
2
3.1 PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN CIAN CAP U0C
1. l/aao /r/o/ dao. F (x, y

) = 0.
l/aao p/ap.
Nea /a ra/ ra daac.
y

= f(x)
/// /a cc //c/ p/ao /co aa/ /a.
y =
_ _
f(x) dx dx + C
1
x + C
2
.
Nea //am sc /ca daac.
x = (t), y

= (t).
K// dc /a cc.
y =
_
(
1
(t) + C
1
)
(t) dt + C
2
ca/
1
(t) =
_
(t)
(t) dt.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 29
V du 3.1 T/c/ p/ao p/aao /r/o/ saa. y

= 6x.
Ciai: Ap dung cong thuc nghicm ta co:
y =
_ _
6x dx dx + C
1
x + C
2
=
_
3x
2
dx + C
1
x + C
2
= x
3
+ C
1
x + C
2
.

2
+ y

= x.
Ciai: Iat: y

= t. Khi do: x = t
2
+ t.
1a co:
1
(t) =
_
t(2t + 1) dt =
2t
3
3
+
t
2
2
.
Io do:
y =
_ _
2t
3
3
+
t
2
2
+ C
1
_
(2t + 1) dt + C
2
=
4t
5
15
+
5t
4
12
+
t
3
6
+
C
1
t
2
2
+ C
1
t + C
2
.
\ay phuong trinh da cho co nghicm dang tham so la:
_
_
x = t
2
+ t
y =
4t
5
15
+
5t
4
12
+
t
3
6
+
C
1
t
2
2
+ C
1
t + C
2
.
2. l/aao /r/o/ //co c/aa /am p/a/ //m dao. F (x, y
, y

) = 0.
l/aao p/ap. a/. z = y
, z

= z
.

+
y
x
= x.
Ciai: Iat z = y
. Khi do z
= y

.
1u do ta co phuong trinh vi phan cap 1 thco z :
z
z
x
= x.
Iay la phuong trinh tuycn tnh khong thuan nhat voi z, do do :
z = e
_
1
x
dx
_
_
_
C
1
+
_
e
_
1
x
dx
x dx
_
_
_
= x(C
1
+ x)
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N J0
Io do
y
= z = x
2
+ C
1
x
1u do ta co:
y =
_
_
x
2
+ C
1
x
_
dx + C
2
=
x
3
3
+
C
1
x
2
2
+ C
2
.
3. l/aao /r/o/ //co c/aa b/eo sc dcc /ap. F (y, y
, y

) = 0.
l/aao p/ap. a/. y
= z, cc/ z /a /am caa b/eo y.

K// dc z

=
dz
dx
=
dz
dy
dy
dx
= z
z.
y

y
y + 1
= 0.
Ciai: Iat: y
= z, coi z la ham cua bicn y. Khi do y

= z
z.
Io do phuong trinh da cho tro thanh:
z
z
y + 1
= 0.
1ch phan phuong trinh tuycn tnh thuan nhat ta duoc:
z = C
1
(y + 1).
1uc la:
y
= z = C
1
(y + 1)
1ch phan phuong trinh trcn ta duoc:
y = C
2
e
C
1
x
1, (C
2
= e
C
).
4. l/aao /r/o/ //aao o/a/ ca/ /am p/a/ //m ca cac dac /am caa c/ao.
F (x, y, y
, y

) = 0, ca/ F(x, ty, ty
, ty

) = t
k
F(x, y, y
, y

).
l/aao p/ap. a/. y
= yz.
Ta cc.
y

= y
z + yz
= yzz + yz
= y(z
+ z
2
).
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N J1
V du 3.5 T/c/ p/ao p/aao /r/o/ saa. xyy

xy
2
yy
= 0.
Ciai: Iat: y
= yz. Khi do y

= y(z
+ z
2
).
1hc vao phuong trinh dc bai ta duoc phuong trinh: xz
z = 0, hay
dz
z
=
dx
x
.
1ch phan phuong trinh nay ta duoc: ln z = ln x+C, hay z = C
1
x, (C
1
= e
C
).
1u do:
z =
y
y
= C
1
x
1ch phan phuong trinh ta duoc:
ln y =
C
1
2
x
2
+ C
.
\ay ta co nghicm tong quat cua phuong trinh la:
y = C
2
e
C
1
2
x
2
, (C
2
= e
C
).
5. l/aao /r/o/ ce /ra/ /a mc/ c/ p/ao /cao c//o/. F (x, y, y
, y

) = 0.
l/aao p/ap. T/m U. F(x, y, y
, y

) dx = dU(x, y, y
).
K// dc /a cc. U(x, y, y
) = C.
V du 3.6 T/m o//em caa p/aao /r/o/.
y

y
y
= 0.
Ciai: Ic y rang: (ln y
=
y

y
, (ln y)
=
y
y
.
Io do phuong trinh da cho duoc vict lai duoi dang: (ln y
ln y)
= 0.
1u do ta co:
ln y
= ln y + C
Suy ra:
y
= C
1
y, (C
1
= e
C
).
1ch phan phuong trinh nay ta duoc:
ln y = C
1
x + C
Hay
y = C
2
e
C
1
x
, (C
2
= e
C
).
B. BAI TAP
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N J2
1.
x + x
1 x
y

= 1.
2. y

3
=
x + 1
x + 3
.
3. x
2
+ y

2
= 1.
4. y

+ e
y

= x.
5. y

4
+ y

= x + 1.
1. y

+ 2y
= e
x
.
2. y

+
y
x
= xy
2
.
3. y

+ ay
= 0.
4. xy

+ y
= 0.
5. y

xln x = y
.
1. y
2
= yy

.
2. y

= y
(1 + y
2
).
3.
y

y
+ ay = 0.
4. y

+ y
2
= 2e
y
.
5. (1 + y
2
)y

= 2yy
2
.
1. (x
2
+ 1)(y
2
yy

) = xyy
.
2. xyy

xy
2
= y
2
.
3. x
2
yy

= (y xy
)
2
.
4. xyy

+ yy
= x
2
y
3
.
5. x
2
(yy

y
2
) + xyy
= y
_
x
2
y
2
+ y
2
.
1.
y

y

2yy
y
2
+ 1
= 0.
2. y

+
1
x
y
1
x
2
y = 0.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N JJ
3.
y

+ 2x
y
+ x
2

1
x
= 0.
4. y

+ y
e
y
= 0.
5. y

+ y
cot x (1 + cot
2
x)y = 2x.
3.2 PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN TUYFN TNH CAP 2 HF
S0 HANC
1. l/aao /r/o/ /aeo //o/ //aao o/a/. ay

+ by
+ cy = 0.
N//em /co aa/ /NT(.
// Nea p/aao /r/o/ dac /rao. a
2
+b+c = 0 cc ? o//em //ac
1
=
2
.
K// dc NT(. y = C
1
e
1
x
+ C
2
e
2
x
.
/// Nea p/aao /r/o/ dac /rao. a
2
+b+c = 0 cc o//em /ep.
1,2
= .
K// dc NT(. y = C
1
e
x
+ C
2
xe
x
.
//// Nea p/aao /r/o/ dac /rao. a
2
+ b + c = 0 cc ? o//em p/ac
1,2
= i.
K// dc NT(. y = C
1
e
x
cos x + C
2
e
x
sin x.
V du 3.7 T/m NT( caa p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao. y

+ 3y
+ 2y = 0.
Ciai: Phuong trinh dac trung:
2
+ 3 + 2 = 0, co 2 nghicm phan bict
1
= 1,
2
= 2.
Io do N10 cua phuong trinh la: y = C
1
e
x
+ C
2
e
2x
.

2y
+ y = 0.
2
2 + 1 = 0, co nghicm kcp:
1
=
2
= 1.
1
e
x
+ C
2
xe
x
.

+ 4y
+ 7y = 0.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N J4
2
+ 4 + 7 = 0, co 2 nghicm phuc (licn hop):
1
= 2 +
3i,
2
= 2
3i.
1
e
2x
cos
3x + C
2
e
2x
sin
3x.
2. l/aao /r/o/ /aeo //o/ //co //aao o/a/. ay

+ by
+ cy = f(x).
NT(.
y = y
tn
+ y
r
/rco dc y
tn
/a NT( caa p/aao /r/o/ //aao o/a/ /aao ao, y
r
/a mc/ o//em
r/eo oac dc.
l/aao p/ap //m y
r
:
* Phuong phap bicn thicn hang so:
Cia su N10 cua phuong trinh thuan nhat tuong ung la:
y = C
1
y
1
(x) + C
2
y
2
(x).
1a tim nghicm ricng duoi dang:
y
r
= C
1
(x)y
1
(x) + C
2
(x)y
2
(x)
khi do C
1
(x), C
2
(x) thoa man hc:
_
_
C
1
(x)y
1
(x) + C
2
(x)y
2
(x) = 0
C
1
(x)y
1
(x) + C
2
(x)y
2
(x) =
1
a
f(x).

4y
+ 3y = e
2x
.
2
4 + 3 = 0, co 2 nghicm thuc phan bict
1
= 1,
2
= 3.
Io do ta tim nghicm ricng dang:
y
r
= C
1
(x)e
x
+ C
2
(x)e
3x
.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N Jb
trong do C
1
(x), C
2
(x) xac d|nh tu hc:
_
_
C
1
(x)e
x
+ C
2
(x)e
3x
= 0
C
1
(x)e
x
+ 3C
2
(x)e
3x
= e
2x
.
1u hc nay ta co:
C
1
(x) =
e
x
2
, C
2
(x) =
e
x
2
.
Suy ra: C
1
(x) =
e
x
2
, C
2
(x) =
e
x
2
.
Io do: y
r
=
e
x
2
e
x
e
x
2
e
3x
= e
2x
.
\ay N10 cua phuong trinh da cho la:
y = C
1
e
x
+ C
2
e
3x
e
2x
.
l/aao p/ap //m y
r
:
** Phuong phap ung voi ham f(x) dac bict dang:
f(x) = e
x
(P
m
(x) cos x + Q
n
(x) sin x) .
(i) Ncu +i khong la nghicm cua phuong trinh dac trung, ta tim y
r
dang sau:
y
r
= e
x
(P
N
(x) cos x + Q
N
(x) sin x)
voi N = max{m, n}.
(ii) Ncu + i la nghicm cua phuong trinh dac trung, ta tim y
r
dang
sau:
y
r
= xe
x
(P
N
(x) cos x + Q
N
(x) sin x)
voi N = max{m, n}.

5y
+ 4y = cos x.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N Jb
2
5 + 4 = 0, co 2 nghicm thuc phan bict
1
= 1,
2
= 4.
Ic y rang: = 0, = 1, m = n = 0 do do + i = i, khong la nghicm cua
phuong trinh dac trung:
\ay ta tim nghicm ricng dang:
y
r
= Acos x + B sin x,
1a tnh cac dao ham cua y
r
va thc vao phuong trinh dc bai ta duoc:
(Acos x B sin x) 5(Asin x + B cos x) + 4(Acos x + B sin x) = sin x
hay
(3A5B) cos x + (5A + 3B) sin x = sin x
can bang cac hc so cua cos x, sin x, ta duoc hc:
_
_
3A5B = 0
5A + 3B = 1
giai hc ta duoc A =
5
34
, B =
3
34
.
Nhu vay ta co nghicm ricng: y
r
=
5
34
cos x +
3
34
sin x.
\ay N10:
y = C
1
e
x
+ C
2
e
4x
+
5
34
cos x +
3
34
sin x.

+ y
= x.
2
+ = 0, co 2 nghicm phuc
1
= 0,
2
= 1.
1rong phuong trinh da cho ta co: = = 0, m = 1, n = 0, do do + i = 0
la nghicm cua phuong trinh dac trung.
\ay ta tim nghicm ricng duoi dang:
y
r
= x(Ax + B),
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N J7
1nh cac dao ham cap 1, cap 2 cua y
r
roi thay vao phuong trinh dc bai ta duoc:
(2A) + (2Ax + B) = x
hay
2Ax + 2A + B = x
can bang cac hc so cung bac ta duoc hc:
_
_
2A = 1
2A + B = 0
1u hc trcn ta nhan duoc: A =
1
2
, B = 1.
Nhu vay ta co nghicm ricng y
r
= x
_
1
2
x 1
_
.
N10:
y = C
1
+ C
2
e
x
+ x
_
1
2
x 1
_
.
*** Chu y: Ncu ham
f(x) = f
1
(x) + f
2
(x) + .. + f
n
(x).
Cia su y
i
la nghicm cua phuong trinh:
ay

+ by
+ cy = f
i
(x), (i = 1, 2, .., n).
Khi do
y = y
1
+ y
2
+ .. + y
n
la nghicm cua phuong trinh
ay

+ by
+ cy = f(x).

5y
+ 4y = x + cos x.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N J8
Ciai: Coi y
1
, y
2
lan luot la nghicm cua phuong trinh:
y

5y
+ 4y = x (J.1)
y

5y
+ 4y = cos x (J.2)
1hco v du J.11 ta co:
y
2
= C
1
e
x
+ C
2
e
4x
+
5
34
cos x +
3
34
sin x.
1icp thco ta tim y
1
: Phuong trinh dac trung:
2
5 + 4 = 0 co 2 nghicm
1
= 1,
2
= 4, + i = 0 =
1,2
.
\ay ta tim nghicm ricng:
y
1r
= Ax + B.
1nh cac dao ham cap 1 va cap 2 cua y
1r
va thc vao phuong trinh dau bai ta
duoc:
0 5A + 4(Ax + B) = x hay 4Ax + (4B 5A) = x, tu do ta co hc:
_
_
4A = 1
4B 5A = 0
1a duoc A =
1
4
, B =
5
16
.
\ay
y
1r
=
1
4
x +
5
16
va
y
1
= C
3
e
x
+ C
4
e
4x
+
1
4
x +
5
16
.
Io do N10 cua P1 da cho la:
y = y
1
+ y
2
= (C
3
e
x
+ C
4
e
4x
+
1
4
x +
5
16
) + (C
1
e
x
+ C
2
e
4x
+
5
34
cos x +
3
34
sin x)
= Ce
x
+ C
e
4x
1
4
x +
5
34
cos x +
3
34
sin x +
5
16
.
voi C = C
1
+ C
3
, C
= C
2
+ C
4
.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N J9
Bai 3.6 T/m o//em /co aa/ caa cac p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao saa.
1. y

+ 3y
+ 1y = 0.
2. y

+ 9y
+ 8y = 0.
3. y

+ 5y
= 0.
4. y

+ 6y
+ 8y = 0.
5. y

16y = 0.
6. 4y

+ 7y
+ 3y = 0.
7. 2y

+ 4y
+ 9y = 0.
8. 5y

3y
2y = 0.
9. y

+ 2y
+ 3y = 0.
10. 5y

+ 4y
+ y = 0.
Bai 3.7 T/m o//em /co aa/ caa cac p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao cap ? saa.
1. y

y
= e
x+1
+ 1.
2. y

+ 3y
+ 2y =
e
x
e
x
+ 1
.
3. 3y

+ y
= e
2x
+ x.
4. 2y

y
y = x + sin x.
5. y

16y = e
x
+ sin x.
6. 3y

5y
+ 2y = (cos x + 1)e
2x
.
7. 2y

+ y
+ 3y = cos x 1.
8. y

5y
+ 4y = x sin x + 1.
9. y

9y
+ 20y = e
x
+ e
2x
.
10. y

4y
+ 3y = xe
x
+ e
x
.
11. y

+ 5y
+ 6y = sin x + 2.
11. y

+ y
2y = e
x
+ x + sin x.
13. y

y = e
x
+ e
x
e
2x
.
14. y

9y = x e
x
+ e
2x
.
15. y

2y
= sin x + cos x.
16. y

y
2y = e
x1
+ x 1.
17. y

+ 2y
+ 3y = e
2x
+ cos
2
x.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 40
18. y

+ y
20y = e
x+1
cos(x 1).
19. y

+ 4y = e
x
1.
20. y

+ 4y
+ 5y = e
2x
+ 10.
Bai 3.8 T/m o//em /co aa/ caa cac p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao cap ? saa.
1. y

3y
= e
4x
.
2. y

+ 3y = xe
3x
.
3. 7y

+ 6y
+ y = sin 2x.
4. 2y

y
y = sin x.
5. y

5y = e
x
sin x.
6. y

+ y
6y = x
3
+ 1.
7. y

+ 2y
+ 4y = cos 2x + 3 sin 2x.

8. y

5y
+ 6y = x
2
e
x
.
9. y

9y
+ 20y = e
x
cos x.
10. y

4y
+ 3y = e
2x
sin x.
11. y

4y
+ 3y = (x + 1)e
2x
.
11. y

+ y
2y = x
4
+ 3x
3
+ 2.
13. y

y = e
x
.
14. y

4y = (x 1)e
4x
.
15. y

+ 2y
+ 2y = cos x.
16. 3y

2y
y = (x
3
+ x
2
+ x + 1)e
x
.
17. y

6y
+ 5y = x
2
e
x
.
18. y

y
= xsin x.
19. y

4y
+ 3y =
2
_
sin
_
x

4
_
+ sin
_
x +

4
__
.
20. y

4y =
2 sin
_
x +

4
_
.
21. y

3y
+ y = sin 2x + 3 cos 2x.

22. y

3y = e
2x
sin xcos x.
23. y

+ 6y
+ 8y = e
x
(sin 2x + 2 cos 2x).
24. y

+ 2y
8y = e
3x
(sin x + 2 cos x).
25. y

+ 5y
+ 4y = e
x
sin x.
Chuong 4
HF PHU0NC TRNH VI PHAN
BAI TAP
Bai 4.1 T/m o//em /co aa/ caa cac /e p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao saa.
1.
_
_
_
y
1
= 2y
1
+ 3y
2
y
2
= 3y
1
+ 2y
2
2.
_
_
_
y
1
= 2y
1
2y
2
y
2
= 2y
1
3y
2
3.
_
_
_
y
1
= y
1
+ y
2
y
2
= 3y
1
2y
2
4.
_
_
_
y
1
= 5y
1
y
2
y
2
= y
1
+ 3y
2
.
5.
_
_
y
1
= 3y
1
y
2
+ y
3
y
2
= y
1
+ 5y
2
y
3
y
3
= y
1
y
2
+ 3y
3
6.
_
_
y
1
= 2y
1
+ 2y
2
+ y
3
y
2
= y
1
+ 3y
2
+ y
3
y
3
= y
1
+ 2y
2
+ 2y
3
Bai 4.2 T/m o//em /co aa/ caa cac /e p/aao /r/o/ c/ p/ao saa.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 42
1.
_
_
_
y
1
= y
1
3y
2
+ e
x
y
2
= y
1
+ 2y
2
e
2x
2.
_
_
_
y
1
= y
1
2y
2
x
y
2
= 2y
1
+ 1y
2
+ e
x
3.
_
_
_
y
1
= y
1
+ y
2
+ 1
y
2
= 3y
1
2y
2
+ e
x
4.
_
_
y
1
= 3y
1
y
2
+ y
3
1
y
2
= y
1
+ 5y
2
y
3
+ 2
y
3
= y
1
y
2
+ 3y
3
+ 3
5.
_
_
y
1
= 2y
1
+ 2y
2
+ y
3
e
x
y
2
= y
1
+ 3y
2
+ y
3
+ e
2x
y
3
= y
1
+ 2y
2
+ 2y
3
e
3x
Chuong 5
CHU0I F0URIFR
1. K/a/ /r/eo lcar/er caa f /reo [l, l].
f(x) =
a
0
2
+
+
n=1
_
a
n
cos
nx
l
+ b
n
sin
nx
l
_
trong do
a
0
=
1
l
_
l
l
f(x) dx
a
n
=
1
l
_
l
l
f(x) cos
nx
l
dx, n = 1, 2, ..
b
n
=
1
l
_
l
l
f(x) sin
nx
l
dx, n = 1, 2, ..
2. T/ac /r/eo c/ao /reo dcao [0, l].
f(x) =
a
0
2
+
+
n=1
a
n
cos
nx
l
trong do
a
0
=
2
l
_
l
0
f(x) dx
a
n
=
2
l
_
l
0
f(x) cos
nx
l
dx, n = 1, 2, ..
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 44
3. T/ac /r/eo /e [0, l].
f(x) =
+
n=1
b
n
sin
nx
l
trong do
b
n
=
2
l
_
l
0
f(x) sin
nx
l
dx, n = 1, 2, ..
V du 5.1 K/a/ /r/eo lcar/er caa /am f(x) = x /reo dcao [, ].
Ciai: 1a co l = . \i f(x) = x la ham lc, do do:
a
0
=
1
x dx = 0
a
n
=
1
xcos nx dx = 0, n = 1, 2, ..
va
b
n
=
1
xsin nx dx =
2
_

0
xsin nx dx
=
1
n
xcos nx
+
1
n
_

cos nx dx
= (1)
n+1
2
n
, n = 1, 2, ..
\ay ta co khai tricn Iouricr:
x = 2
+
n=1
(1)
n+1
n
sin nx.
Nhan xet: Ta //a/ /r/eo lcar/er caa f(x) = x /a cc //e //o/ daac /co saa.
+
n=1
(1)
n+1
2n 1
= 1
1
3
+
1
5

1
7
+ ..
T/a/ ca /a c/co. x =

2
ca de rao sin
k
2
=
_
_
0, k = 2n
(1)
k
, k = 2n 1
0c dc /a cc.
2
= 2
+
n=1
(1)
n+1
2n 1
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 4b
/a
+
n=1
(1)
n+1
2n 1
=

4
B. BAI TAP
Bai 5.1 K/a/ /r/eo lcar/er caa cac /am sc /reo cac //cao /aao ao.
1. f(x) = |x|, x [, ].
2. f(x) =
x
2
, x [, ].
3. f(x) = x
2
, x [, ].
4. f(x) = x, x [1, 1].
5. f(x) = x
2
, x [1, 1].
6. f(x) = |x|, x [2, 2].
7. f(x) = e
x
, x [, ].
8. f(x) = x + 1, x [, ].
9. f(x) = 3 sin x + sin 2x + 2 sin 4x, x [, ].
10. f(x) = 5 cos x + cos 3x + 2 cos 5x, x [, ].
11. f(x) = sin x + 6 sin 3x + cos x + cos 2x, x [, ].
12. f(x) = sin 3x + 3 sin 4x + 7 cos 3x + cos 5x, x [, ].
Bai 5.2 K/a/ /r/eo c/ao ca //a/ /r/eo /e caa cac /am sc /reo cac //cao /aao
ao.
1. f(x) = x, x [0, ].
2. f(x) =
x
2
, x [0, ].
3. f(x) = x
2
, x [0, ].
4. f(x) = x + 1, x [0, ].
5. f(x) = x 1, x [0, ].
6. f(x) = x
3
, x [0, ].
7. f(x) = e
x
, x [0, ].
8. f(x) = cos x + 3 cos 2x + cos 5x, x [0, ].
9. f(x) = cos x + 5 cos 2x + 2 sin 4x, x [0, ].
10. f(x) = sin 2x + 5 sin 3x, x [0, ].
Chuong 6
PHU0NC TRNH A0 HAN
RIFNC
6.1 PHU0NC TRNH NHIFT
1. l/aao /r/o/ o//e/ /reo //ao/ cc /ao.
_
_
u
t
= a
2
u
xx
+ f(x, t), t > 0
u(x, 0) = (x).
Nghicm cua phuong trinh nhict cho boi cong thuc
u(x, t) =
_
t
0
_
+
1
2a
_
(t s)
exp
_
(x )
2
4a
2
(t s)
_
f(, s) d ds
+
_
+
1
2a
t
exp
_
(x )
2
4a
2
t
_
() d
V du 6.1 T/m o//em caa p/aao /r/o/ o//e/.
_
_
u
t
= u
xx
+ 2t, t > 0
u(x, 0) = 1.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 47
Ciai: 1a co a = 1, f(x, t) = t, (x) = 1.
Ap dung cong thuc nghicm ta co:
u(x, t) =
_
t
0
_
+
1
2
_
(t s)
exp
_
(x )
2
4(t s)
_
2s d ds
+
_
+
1
2
t
exp
_
(x )
2
4t
_
d
= I
1
+ I
2
.
1nh I
1
: Iat v =
x
2
t s
, dv =
d
2
t s
.
Su dung kct qua sau:
_
+
e
x
2
dx =
.
1a co:
I
1
=
_
t
0
_
+
2s
1
e
v
2
dv ds =
_
t
0
2s ds = t
2
.
1nh I
2
: Iat v =
x
2
t
, dv =
d
2
t
.
1a co:
I
2
=
_
+
e
v
2
dv = 1
Io do bai toan co nghicm:
u(x, t) = t
2
+ 1.
2. l/aao /r/o/ o//e/ /reo //ao/ /aa /ao ca/ o//e/ dc ? daa ma/ /a 0.
_
_
u
t
= a
2
u
xx
, 0 < x < l; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(l, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = (x)
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 48
Nghicm cua phuong trinh nhict cho boi cong thuc:
u(x, t) =
+
n=1
a
n
e
(
n
l
)
2
a
2
t
sin
n
l
x
trong do
a
n
=
2
l
_
l
0
(x) sin
nx
l
dx.
V du 6.2 T/m o//em caa p/aao /r/o/ o//e/.
_
_
u
t
= 4u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = sin 2x + 3 sin 5x.
Ciai: 1a co: a = 2, l = . 1hay vao cong thuc nghicm cua phuong trinh nhict,
ta duoc:
u(x, t) =
+
n=1
a
n
e
4n
2
t
sin nx. (b.1)
1u do suy ra:
u(x, 0) =
+
n=1
a
n
sin nx
1hco bai ra ta co:
u(x, 0) = sin 2x+3 sin 5x =
+
n=1
a
n
sin nx = a
1
sin x+a
2
sin 2x+..+a
5
sin 5x+..
Can bang cac hc so cua sin kx, (k = 1, 2, ..), ta duoc:
a
1
= a
3
= a
4
= a
6
= .. = 0, a
2
= 1, a
5
= 3.
1hay tro lai (b.1) ta duoc:
u(x, t) = e
16t
sin 2x + 3e
100t
sin 5x.
B. BAI TAP
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N 49
Bai 6.1 T/m o//em caa cac p/aao /r/o/ o//e/ saa.
1.
_
_
u
t
= 9u
xx
+ 1, t > 0
u(x, 0) = 0.
2.
_
_
u
t
= 5u
xx
+ 2t + e
t
, t > 0
u(x, 0) = 10.
3.
_
_
u
t
= 4u
xx
+ sin t, t > 0
u(x, 0) = 0.
4.
_
_
u
t
= 3u
xx
+ cos t, t > 0
u(x, 0) = 10.
5.
_
_
u
t
= u
xx
, t > 0
u(x, 0) = xe
x
2
.
6.
_
_
u
t
= 3u
xx
+ te
t
, t > 0
u(x, 0) = 0.
7.
_
_
u
t
= u
xx
e
t
, t > 0
u(x, 0) = 1.
8.
_
_
u
t
= 5u
xx
, t > 0
u(x, 0) = sin x.
9.
_
_
u
t
= u
xx
+ 2t, t > 0
u(x, 0) = cos x.
10.
_
_
u
t
= u
xx
+ 3t
2
, t > 0
u(x, 0) = sin x.
11.
_
_
u
t
= u
xx
+ cos x, t > 0
u(x, 0) = 0.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N b0
12.
_
_
u
t
= u
xx
+ sin x, t > 0
u(x, 0) = cos x.
* Gi y: Cac ba/ 8-1?, sa dao /e/ aa saa.
_
+
e
x
2
cos 2ax dx =
e
a
2
.
1.
_
_
u
t
= 3u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = 5 sin x + 4 sin 4x + sin 7x.
2.
_
_
u
t
= 2u
xx
, 0 < x < 2; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(2, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = 6 sin 2x + 7 sin 8x.
3.
_
_
u
t
= u
xx
, 0 < x < 1; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(1, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = 3 sin 2x + 5 sin 3x + 7 sin 4x.
4.
_
_
u
t
= 5u
xx
, 0 < x < 2; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(2, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = sin
x
2
+ 3 sin 3x.
5.
_
_
u
t
= u
xx
, 0 < x < 6; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(6, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = 2 sin
x
3
+ sin x + 2 sin
7x
6
.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N b1
6.
_
_
u
t
= 4u
xx
, 0 < x < 7; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(7, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = 10 sin
3x
7
+ 5 sin x.
7.
_
_
u
t
= u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = x.
8.
_
_
u
t
= 2u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = x
2
.
9.
_
_
u
t
= 3u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = e
x
.
10.
_
_
u
t
= 4u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = 10.
6.2 PHU0NC TRNH S0NC
1. l/aao /r/o/ sco /reo da cc /ao.
_
_
u
tt
= a
2
u
xx
+ g(x, t), x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) =
0
(x), x R,
u
t
(x, 0) =
1
(x), x R.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N b2
Nghicm cua phuong trinh song cho boi cong thuc:
u(x, t) =

0
(x at) +
0
(x + at)
2
+
1
2a
_
x+at
xat
1
(s) ds
+
1
2a
_
t
0
_
_
x+a(t)
xa(t)
g(s, ) ds
_
d.
V du 6.3 T/m o//em caa p/aao /r/o/ sco.
_
_
u
tt
= 4u
xx
+ 1, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = cos x, x R.
Ciai: 1a co a = 2, g(x, t) = 1,
0
(x) = x,
1
(x) = cos x.
Ap dung cong thuc nghicm cua phuong trinh song ta co:
u(x, t) =
(x 2t) + (x + 2t)
2
+
1
4
_
x+2t
x2t
cos s ds +
1
4
_
t
0
_
_
x+2(t)
x2(t)
ds
_
d.
1a co:
_
x+2t
x2t
cos s ds = sin s
x+2t
x2t
= sin(x + 2t) sin(x 2t) = 2 cos xsin 2t.
va
_
t
0
_
_
x+2(t)
x2(t)
ds
_
d =
_
t
0
s
x+2(t)
x2(t)
d = 4
_
t
0
(t ) d = 2t
2
.
Io do, nghicm cua phuong trinh song da cho la:
u(x, t) = x +
1
2
_
cos xsin 2t + t
2
_
.
2. l/aao /r/o/ dac dco caa da ca/ ? daa b/ /a cc d/o/.
_
_
u
tt
= a
2
u
xx
, 0 < x < l; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(l, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = f(x),
u
t
(x, 0) = F(x).
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N bJ
Nghicm cua trinh song cho boi cong thuc:
u(x, t) =
+
n=1
_
a
n
sin
nat
l
+ b
n
cos
nat
l
_
sin
nx
l
.
trong do
a
n
=
2
l
_
l
0
f(x) sin
nx
l
dx
b
n
=
2
na
_
l
0
F(x) sin
nx
l
dx.
V du 6.4 T/m o//em caa p/aao /r/o/ sco.
_
_
u
tt
= u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = 3 sin x + sin 2x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = 5 sin x + 4 sin 2x, x R.
Ciai: 1a co: a = 1, l = , f(x) = 3 sin x + sin 2x, F(x) = 5 sin x + 4 sin 2x.
Ap dung cong thuc nghicm ta co:
u(x, t) =
+
n=1
(a
n
sin nt + b
n
cos nt) sin nx.
Io do:
_
_
u(x, 0) =
+
n=1
b
n
sin nx,
u
t
(x, 0) =
+
n=1
na
n
sin nx.
Io do ta co:
_
_
u(x, 0) = 3 sin x + sin 2x =
+
n=1
b
n
sin nx = b
1
sin x + b
2
sin 2x + ..,
u
t
(x, 0) = 5 sin x + 4 sin 2x =
+
n=1
na
n
sin nx = a
1
sin x + 2a
2
sin 2x + ...
Can bang cac hc so cua cac cung x, 2x ta duoc:
b
1
= 3, b
2
= 1, b
3
= b
4
= .. = 0,
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N b4
a
1
= 5, 2a
2
= 4, a
3
= a
4
= .. = 0.
hay
b
1
= 3, b
2
= 1, b
3
= b
4
= .. = 0,
a
1
= 5, a
2
= 2, a
3
= a
4
= .. = 0.
\ay nghicm cua phuong trinh song da cho la:
u(x, t) = (5 sin t + 3 cos t) sin x + (2 sin 2t + cos 2t) sin 2x.
B. BAI TAP
Bai 6.3 T/m o//em caa cac p/aao /r/o/ sco.
1.
_
_
u
tt
= 9u
xx
, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = sin x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = x, x R.
2.
_
_
u
tt
= 3u
xx
, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = cos x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = sin x, x R.
3.
_
_
u
tt
= 2u
xx
+ x, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = 0, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = xcos x, x R.
4.
_
_
u
tt
= 5u
xx
+ xt, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = 0, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = 0, x R.
5.
_
_
u
tt
= u
xx
+ 3t
2
, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = x
2
, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = 0, x R.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N bb
6.
_
_
u
tt
= 2u
xx
+ x
2
t, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = e
x
, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = 0, x R.
7.
_
_
u
tt
= u
xx
, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = cos x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = xe
x
2
, x R.
8.
_
_
u
tt
= 16u
xx
+ 10, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = sin x + 2 cos x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = 2x, x R.
9.
_
_
u
tt
= 4u
xx
+ x
2
t
2
, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = x
2
+ 1, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) =
1
x
2
+ 1
, x R.
10.
_
_
u
tt
= 4u
xx
+ t
3
, x R, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = xsin x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = xcos x, x R.
Bai 6.4 T/m o//em caa cac p/aao /r/o/ sco.
1.
_
_
u
tt
= u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = 7 sin x + 3 sin 5x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = sin x + 5 sin 5x, x R.
2.
_
_
u
tt
= u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = sin 3x + 2 sin 4x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = sin x + 4 sin 2x, x R.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N bb
3.
_
_
u
tt
= 3u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = sin x + sin 2x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = 3 sin 3x, x R.
4.
_
_
u
tt
= 4u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = 2 sin 2x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = 4 sin 6x, x R.
5.
_
_
u
tt
= u
xx
, 0 < x < 1; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(1, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = 2 sin x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = 3 sin 2x, x R.
6.
_
_
u
tt
= 4u
xx
, 0 < x < 3; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(3, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = 3 sin
2
3
x + 4 sin 2x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = 12 sin 2x, x R.
7.
_
_
u
tt
= 9u
xx
, 0 < x < 2; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(2, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = 9 sin 6x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = sin 3x + 8 sin 6x, x R.
8.
_
_
u
tt
= u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = x, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = 0, x R.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N b7
9.
_
_
u
tt
= u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = 0, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = x, x R.
10.
_
_
u
tt
= u
xx
, 0 < x < ; t > 0,
u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = x
2
, x R,
u
t
(x, 0) = x, x R.
6.3 PHU0NC TRNH IAPIACF TR0NC HNH CHU NHAT
_
2
u =

2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x a; 0 y b),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, b) = 0,
u(a, y) = f(y).
Nghicm cua phuong trinh Laplacc cho boi cong thuc:
u(x, y) =
+
n=1
A
n
sinh
nx
b
sin
ny
b
trong do
A
n
=
2
b sinh
na
b
_
b
0
f(s) sin
ns
b
ds.
V du 6.5 T/m o//em caa p/aao /r/o/ Lap/ace.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 1; 0 y ),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = 3 sinh 2xsin 2y.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N b8
Ciai: 1a co: a = 1, b = , f(y) = 3 sinh 2xsin 2y.
Ap dung cong thuc nghicm cua phuong trinh Laplacc ta co:
u(x, y) =
+
n=1
A
n
sinh nxsin ny = A
1
sinh xsin y + A
2
sinh 2xsin 2y + ..
Io do ta co:
u(x, 1) =
+
n=1
A
n
sinh nxsin n = A
1
sinh xsin 1 + A
2
sinh 2xsin 2 + ..
Can bang cac hc so tuong ung cua sinh nxsin ny ta duoc:
A
2
sin 2 = 3, A
1
= A
3
= A
4
= .. = 0
hay
A
2
=
3
sin 2
, A
1
= A
3
= A
4
= .. = 0.
\ay nghicm cua phuong trinh Laplacc da cho la:
u(x, y) =
3
sin 2
sinh 2xsin 2y.
B. BAI TAP
1.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 1; 0 y ),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = sinh xsin y + 3 sin 2 sinh 3xsin 3y.
2.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 1; 0 y ),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = sin 1 sinh xsin y + 2 sinh 2xsin 2y.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N b9
3.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 1; 0 y ),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = 10 sinh 5xsin 5y + 2 sinh 6xsin 6y.
4.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 1; 0 y ),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = sinh 2xsin 2y + 10 sinh 9xsin 9y.
5.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 3; 0 y 2),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = sinh xsin y.
6.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 1; 0 y 3),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = 4 sinh
x
3
sin
y
3
+ sinh xsin y.
7.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 2; 0 y 1),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = sinh xsin y + 2 sinh 3xsin 3y.
8.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 1; 0 y ),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = 10.
9.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 1; 0 y ),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = y.
NC/Y/N HlNH l/N b0
10.
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
= 0, (0 x 1; 0 y ),
u(0, y) = u(x, 0) = u(0, ) = 0,
u(1, y) = y
2
+ 1.

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Nuc luc

1 CHU0I S0 VA CHU0I IUY THUA 3

. Ic thay f la ham licn tuc, don dicu giam trcn

hoi tu voi > 1 va phan ky voi

= 0, ( > 0). Io do chuoi

, ( > 0). hoi tu thco dau hicu Lcibniz

. K// dc bao //o/ /c/ /a

= f(ax + by), (a, b = 0).

1 thay vao phuong trinh

. 1hc vao phuong trinh dc bai ta co:

= z, cc/ z /a /am caa b/eo y.

= z, coi z la ham cua bicn y. Khi do y

+ 4y = cos 2x + 3 sin 2x.

+ y = sin 2x + 3 cos 2x.

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