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How science works

EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY

New technology Practical problem Curiosity

Making observations

Asking questions

Personal motivation Serendipity Surprising observation

Sharing data and ideas

Finding inspiration

Exploring the literature

Gathering data
Hypotheses Expected results/observations Actual results/observations

Interpreting data
Supportive, contradictory, surprising or inconclusive data may... ...support a hypothesis. ...inspire revised assumptions. ...inspire revised/new hypothesis.

Develop technology

Address societal issues

Feedback and peer review

Replication

...oppose a hypothesis. Build knowledge Inform policy

Discussion with colleagues

Publication

Satisfy curiosity

Solve everyday problems

TESTING IDEAS

Coming up with new questions/ideas

Theory building

BENEFITS AND OUTCOMES

COMMUNITY ANALYSIS AND FEEDBACK

www.understandingscience.org 2008 The University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, and the Regents of the University of California

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