CHEMICAL BONDING

The stable Noble Gas Structure

Argon (2,8,8)

Helium has two valence electron (duplet electronic structure All other noble gasses have eight valence electrons (an octet electronic structure)

An atom is STABLE if the outer most shell (valance shell ) is FULL . Either a DUPLET OR OCTET All other elements have INCOMPLETE outermost shells. So, these elements will have to DONATE(give), ACCEPT(take) or SHARE electrons in order to achieve the noble gas structure.

Formation of Positive ions (+ ions)

All atoms have to be neutral (no of protons =

no of electrons) An ION is a charged particle formed when an atom LOSES or GAINS electron. All METALS tends to LOSE electrons (they donate) so they becomes POSITIVE ions or CATIONS

+VE = CATIONS
Periodic table

So
Positive ions have MORE protons than electrons. For example, Sodium (Na) Sodium is a METAL, it will LOSE 1 electron so that it

will have OCTET configuration.

Na will be POSITIVE ION Na+

Formation of Negative ions (-ve ions)

All NON-METALS always GAIN (take) electrons to

form NEGATIVE ions or ANION. A NEGATIVE ions have more ELECTRONS than protons

Classwork
Element

Mg O Al Se Br Rb Ba Cl Sn

No of protons No of electrons

No of ions gained/lost
Total charge Formulae