Dng 1. Danh php, cu trc v ng phn anken Cu 1. Anken l g?

Hy vit cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to chung cho anken. Hy so snh thnh phn v c im cu to ca anken vi ankan v monoxicloankan. Cu 2. Hy vit cng thc cu to thu gn ca cc anken c tn sau: pent-2-en; 2-metylbut-1-en; 2-metylpent-2-en; isobutilen; 2,3-imetylbut2-en. Cu 3. Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn v v tr lin kt i, v mch cacbon v ng phn hnh hc ca cc anken c cng thc phn t C5H10. Cu 4. Hy gii thch ti sao s lng ng phn ca anken nhiu hn ca ankan c cng s nguyn t cacbon. Cu 5. Cho cc anken c cng thc cu to thu gn sau: CH2=C(CH3)2, C2H5-CH=CH-C2H5, (C2H5)2C=CH2, CH3-CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3
CH3 a. Hy gi tn cc anken theo danh php IUPAC (tn thay th). b. Cht no c ng phn hnh hc. c. Khi qut c im cu to ca cc anken c ng phn hnh hc. Cu 6. Hy gi tn cc anken c cng thc cu to thu gn nht nh sau theo danh php IUPAC:

Cu 7. Hnh nh sau l ca anken no? Hy gi tn anken theo danh php IUPAC v vit li cng thc cu trc ca anken :

(a), (b). Cu 8. Vit tt c cc ng phn anken ca penten v ch r chng thuc nhng loi ng phn no? Dng 2. Tnh cht, iu ch v ng dng anken

Cu 1. Hy so snh nhit si ca anken vi ankan v xicloankan c cng s nguyn t cacbon. Cu 2. Hy so snh nhit nng chy, nhit si ca cc ng phn cis-anken v trans-anken. Cu 3. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho propen di tc dng ca cc tc nhn v iu kin phn ng sau: a. H2/Ni, t0. b. Br2/CCl4. c. Cl2/5000C. d. dung dch HCl. + 0 e. H2O/H3O ,t . g. dung dch KMnO4 long ngui. h. H2SO4 98%. i. p sut v nhit cao. (trong cc trng hp d v e ch vit sn phm chnh). Cu 4. Cho 2-metylbut-2-en tc dng vi HCl. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng v c ch r sn phm chnh, sn phm ph. Trnh by c ch ca phn ng. Cu 5. Cho but-1-en tc dng vi nc brom c ha tan mt lng NaI, sinh ra 5 sn phm cng vo ni i (trong c hai sn phm ch chim t l rt thp). Vit cng thc cu to v gii thch s to thnh cc sn phm . Cu 6. Phn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc: a. Etan v etilen. b. Hex-1-en v xiclohexan. c. Propan, xiclopropan v propen. Cu 7. a. Phn ng trng hp l g? H s trng hp l g? Cho v d. b. Vit phng trnh phn ng trng hp isobutilen v ch r monome, mt xch ca polime v tnh khi lng mol phn t trung bnh ca poliisobutilen nu h s trng hp trung bnh ca n l 150000. Cu 8. C bao nhiu anken khi tc dng vi hiro c Ni xc tc v un nng cho sn phm l 3-metylpentan. Hy vit cng thc cu to, gi tn cc anken v cho bit quan h ng phn gia chng. Cu 9. Hai hirocacbon ng phn A v B u tc dng vi H2/Ni. A tc dng c vi Br2/CCl4, B khng tham gia phn ng ny. t chy mt th tch kh B cn 6 th tch oxi v sinh ra 4 th tch CO2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A v B bit rng A c ng phn cis-trans. Cu 10. Vit cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca anken trong mi trng hp sau: a. Mt lt anken c khi lng bng khi lng 2 lt nit o cng iu kin. b. t chy mt lt anken cn 4,5 lt oxi ( cng iu kin). c. 2,1 gam anken khng phn nhnh lm mt mu va dung dch cha 4 gam brom.

Cu 11. Vit cng thc cu to ca anken c cng thc phn t C6H12 m khi cng hp HBr cho mt sn phm duy nht. Cu 12. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca hirocacbon X c cng thc phn t C6H12. Bit rng X lm mt mu dung dch nc brom, X c ng phn cis-trans, hirat ha X c sn phm chnh l ancol bc 3 (nhm OH lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon bc ba). Cu 13. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z v hon thnh s chuyn ha sau:
X ehi ha ro + HCl Y xt,t0
CH 3 CH 2 C CH 3

BI TP P DNG Bi 1: t chy hon ton kh A thu c 33 gam CO2 v 13,5 gam hi nc. a) Tm CTPT, CTCT ca A bit rng ktc khi lng ring ca A l 1,875 g/l. b) Tm lng dung dch KMnO4 4% c th b mt mu va bi lng cht A nh trn. Bi 2: Hai hidrocacbon A v B u th kh, A c cng thc C2xHy; B c cng thc CxH2x ( gi tr X trong hai cng thc nh nhau). a) Lp CTPT ca A v B bit rng t khi A i vi metan = 3,625 v t khi ca B i vi He l 7. Vit CTCT ca A, B v gi tn. b) T B vit phng trnh iu ch cc ng phn A theo 3 cch. Bi 3 :Mt hn hp X gm hai olefin ng ng k tip nhau c th tch 17,92 lit ( 00C v2,5 atm) sc qua bnh nc KMnO4 d, khi lng bnh tng thm 70 gam. a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca hai olefin . c) Tnh % s mol ca hn hp X. d) t chy hon ton th tch ca hn hp X ri cho sn phm vo 5 lit dung dch NaOH 1,8M s thu c mui g? bao nhiu gam? Bi 14: Hn hp A v B l hai anken c khi lng 12,6 g c trn theo t l cng s mol tc dng va vi 32 gam brm. Nu trn hn hp theo

t l cng khi lng th 16,8 gam hn hp tc dng va vi 0,6 gam H2 . Tm CTPT ca A, B bit MA< MB. Bi 5 : Mt hn hp X gm hai hidrocacbon A, B thuc cng mt dy ng ng c VX = 1,344 lit ( 54,60C, 1 atm). t chy hon ton X v cho hp th ht sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 10 gam kt ta, 5,67 gam Ca(HCO3)2 v khi lng dung dch tng 0,54 gam. a) Xc nh dy ng ng ca A, B. b) Bit MA<MB , s nguyn t H trong B < 10. Tm CTPT ca A, B v thnh phn % th tch trong hn hp X. c) Xc nh CTCT ca A, B bit A, B c mch C thng v khi hp nc mi anken ch cho mt ru. Bi 6 : Mt hn hp X gm 1 ankan A v 1 hidrocacbon B ( mch h). Ly 3,36 lit (ktc) hn hp X t chy thu c 17,6 gam CO2 v 8,1 gam nc. Ly 3,36 lt hn hp X cho qua dung dch KMnO4 d th c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) thot ra. a) xc nh CTPT c th c ca A, B. Chn CT ng ca A, B bit rng nu cho 3,36 lit hn hp X qua nc Brom th tng khi lng bnh nc Brom ln hn 3 gam. b) Tnh th tch dung dch KMnO4 0,3M phi dng phn ng va vi 3,36 lit hn hp X trn. Bi 7 : Np C2H6 vo mt bnh c V = 5,6 lit cho n khi t c p sut P1= 1,2 atm sau thm mt hn hp 2 hidrocacbon A, B thuc cng dy ng ng n khi p sut l P2 = 2,4 atm v sau cng np O2 n P3 = 12,4 atm (P1 , P2 , P3 u o 00C). Bt tia la in t chy ht cc hidrocacbon to thnh 57,2 gam CO2 v 28,8 gam nc. a) Chng minh rng A, B l ankan. b) Xc nh CTPT ca A, B bit A, B u th kh ktc. c) Sau khi t chy thm KOH rn ( th tch khng ng k) vo bnh. Tnh p sut P4 o 00C. Bi 8: Mt anken A kt hp vi H2 thu c mt ankan B. a) Xc nh CTPT ca A, B bit rng t chy ht B bng mt lng O2 va th th tch kh CO2 thu c bng mt na tng th tch ca B v O2. b) Mt hn hp X gm A, B v H2 vi VX = 22,4 lit. Cho X i qua Ni nung nng xc tc thu c hn hp Y vi dX/Y = 0,7. Tnh VY , s mol H2 v A phn ng vi nhau. c) Bit rng hn hp Y khng lm phai mu nc brom v c t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 16. Xc nh thnh phn % th tch ca hn hp X. Cc th tch kh u o ktc.

Bi 9: Hn hp A gm H2 v hai olefin l ng ng lin tip. Cho 19,04 lt A (ktc) i qua bt Ni nung nng c hn hp B (hiu sut 100%) v tc phn ng ca hai olefin l nh nhau. Bit rng B c th lm nht mu nc brm. Cn nu t chy 1/2 hn hp B thu c 43,56 gam CO2 v 20,43 gam nc. 1) Xc nh CTPT ca hai olefin. 2) Tm % th tch cc kh trong A. Bi 10 : X l hn hp gm mt ankan, mt anken v hidro. t chy 8,512 lt kh X (ktc) thu c 22 gam CO2 v 14,04 gam nc. a) Tm t khi ca X so vi khng kh. b) Dn 8,512 lit X (ktc) ni trn i qua bt Ni nung nng c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 l 12,6. Dn Y qua bnh nc brom d thy c 3,2 gam brom tham gia phn ng. Hn hp Z thot ra khi bnh c t khi so vi H2 l 12. Tm CTPT cu cc hidrocacbon cho v tnh % th tch cc kh trong X. Gi thit cc phn ng hon ton . Bi 11 : t chy hon ton 6,72 lit kh (ktc) hn hp hai anken l ng ng lin tip ri cho sn phm chy qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh II ng KOH c thy khi lng bnh I tng (m + 4) gam v bnh II tng (m + 30) gam. a) Mi bnh tng ln bao nhiu gam? b) Tm CTPT ca hai olefin. c) Oxi ho hn hp hai anken trn bng dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4 thu c mt axit hu c duy nht. Xc nh CTCT ca mi anken. Bi 12 : Mt hn hp kh gm C2H4 v H2. T khi ca hn hp ny so vi H2 l 7,5. un nng hn hp vi xc tc Ni sau mt thi gian c hn hp mi c t khi so vi H2l 9. a) Tnh % th tch cc kh trong hn hp u. b) Tnh % th tch cc kh trong hn hp sau. c) Tnh hiu sut hidro ho. Bi 13 : X l hn hp gm olefin A v H2. T khi hi ca X so vi He l 3,33. Dn X qua bt Ni nung nng phn ng xy ra hon ton c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi hidro l 8. a) Tm % s mol cc kh trong X. b) Xc nh CTPT ca A. c) Oxi ho A bng dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4 thu c hai axit hu c lin tip trong dy ng ng. Tm CTCT ca A.

Bi 14: Mt hn hp X gm H2, anken A v ankan B c V = 15,68 lit(ktc). Cho X vo bnh c V= 8 lit c cha mt t Ni th tch khng ng k. Nung bnh mt thi gian sau a v 00C th c hn hp Y v p sut P2 = 1,54 atm. Thm t t dung dch Br2 vo bnh v lc u. Khi thm 1lit nc brom th thy nc ny khng cn b phai mu na. Ta c hn hp kh Z v p sut kh y P3= 1,6 atm. Khi lng dung dch nc brom tng ln 2,1 gam. a) Tnh % anken b hidro ho. b) Xc nh CTPT ca A v nng mol/l ca dung dch nc brom. c) Bit rng B chim 50% th tch ca Z, Tnh thnh phn % th tch ca hn hp X. d) Xc nh CTPT ca ankan B. Bi 15: Mt bnh kn cha C2H4 , H2 (ktc) v mt t Ni. Nung bnh mt thi gian sau lm lnh n 00C. p sut trong bnh lc l P atm. T khi hi ca hn hp trc v sau phn ng so vi H2 l 7,5 v 9 . a) Gii thch s chnh lch v t khi. b) Tnh thnh phn % th tch mi kh trc v sau phn ng . c) Tnh P. Bi 16 : Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 2,24 lt c cha mt it bt Ni v mt hn hp kh H2 , C2H4 v C3H6 (ktc). T l mol C2H4 v C3H6 l 1:1. Nung bnh mt thi gian sau a v 00C, p sut trong bnh lc l P2. T khi so vi H2 ca hn hp kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng l 7,6 v 8,445. a) Gii thch ti sao t khi tng. b) Tnh % th tch trc phn ng. c) Tnh p sut P2. d) Tnh hiu sut phn ng i vi mi anken bit rng nu cho hn hp kh trong bnh sau phn ng t t qua nc brom th thy nc brom b nht mu v khi lng bnh nc brom tng 1,05 gam.