1.

Anthropology is usually divided into four fields, but some people claim a fifth field called ________ anthropology, should be included. Correct Answer: applied
2.

Anthropology is Correct Answer: the study of humanity, including our prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity.
3.

Known for her work with chimpanzees, Jane Goodall is an expert in primatology, a subfield of ________ anthropology. Correct Answer: biological
4.

The "Garbage Project," which assessed consumption patterns and their impact on the environment, was conducted by Correct Answer: archaeologists.
5.

Which subfield of linguistic anthropology focuses on how language changes over time? Correct Answer: Historical linguistics
6.

An applied anthropologist employed in cultural resource management would be most likely to Correct Answer: assess the presence of archaeological remains before construction projects proceed.

1.

Which person influenced anthropology with his scientific explanation of human origins and contemporary human variation? Correct Answer: Charles Darwin
2.

Which key figure(s) in cultural anthropology theorized that cultures evolve from lower or primitive forms to higher or civilized forms over time? Your Answer: Sir Edward Tylor and Sir James Frazer
3.

The concept that each culture should be viewed on the basis of its own values and ideas and not by the standards of other cultures is referred to as Your Answer: interpretivism.

Correct Answer: cultural relativism.

4.

Which theory emphasized what people think about, their ideas, and meanings? Your Answer: Interpretivism
5.

While elimination is a biological function, ________determines the level of privacy involved. Correct Answer: culture
6.

An object, word, or action with a culturally defined meaning that stands for something else is called a/an Your Answer: symbol.
7.

If a researcher were only to focus on women's rights in Middle Eastern cultures without understanding other aspects including the Koran, he or she is not taking into account that cultures are Correct Answer: integrated.
8.

The cross-cultural popularity of cell phones throughout the world is an example of Correct Answer: globalization.
9.

The term used to differentiate people based on their economic position within a given society is Correct Answer: class.
10.

Groups of people with a long-standing connection to their home territory predating other societies that prevail in the territory are referred to as Correct Answer: indigenous people.
11.

An ethnographer is someone who Correct Answer: provides a detailed description of living culture.
12.

An adherent to which of the following theories would suggest that those who are impoverished are trapped by large and powerful forces that are beyond the control of individuals? Your Answer: Structurism
1.

An advantage of anthropology over other liberal arts majors is that it

Correct Answer: provides knowledge about the world's people and diversity.
2.

A good complement to a degree in anthropology is study in Your Answer: a foreign language.

1.

The research method in cultural anthropology that relies on personal contact with people on an everyday basis in order to learn a culture is called Your Answer: participant observation.
2.

Through his interactions with the Iroquois, Henry Lewis Morgan took steps toward learning about people through Your Answer: direct observation.
3.

Which noted anthropologist is considered the "father" of participant observation? Correct Answer: Bronislaw Malinowski
4.

Lanita Jacobs-Huey's study about the language and culture of hairstyles of English-speaking African American women is an example of Correct Answer: participant observation.
1.

Institutional review boards typically require that researchers secure ________ from research participants. Correct Answer: informed consent
2.

When conducting field work, establishing rapport Correct Answer: may include the exchange of gifts with the local people.
3.

Matthews Hambata, who conducted fieldwork in Japan, encountered a problem in terms of Your Answer: understanding the meaning of a gift given to him and how to respond appropriately.
4.

An African American from a low-income family, anthropologist Tony Whitehead was referred to as "big" and "brown" in Jamaica because Correct Answer: he was revered as having a higher social status.
5.

Following a period of extended fieldwork research in another country, an anthropologist may experience ________ when returning home. Correct Answer: reverse culture shock
6.

When using an inductive approach to research, the findings will include information such as Correct Answer: recorded conversations.
7.

If an anthropologist collects data on how long people spend each day on certain activities, he or she is conducting Correct Answer: a time allocation study.
8.

The story of Nisa, a Ju/'hoansi woman, is considered to be Correct Answer: valuable data of how Nisa uses her culture to shape her perception of her life experiences.
9.

The practice of gathering information about a particular topic from multiple angles or perspectives is called Correct Answer: triangulation.
10.

While methods for analyzing quantitative data rely on formulas and accepted computations, qualitative researchers search for Correct Answer: common themes.

1.

What two events influenced cultural anthropologists to develop a code of ethics? Correct Answer: Project Camelot and the Vietnam War
2.

Anthropologists who involve members of the study population in their efforts are participating in Your Answer: collaborative research.
3.

Anthropologists refer to members of a study population as Your Answer: research participants.

4.

While in the field, anthropologists are exposed to such dangers as Correct Answer: all of these.

5.

Nancy Howell's study of fieldwork danger in anthropology reveals that the most dangerous place to study is in Correct Answer: Africa.

1.

One of the three components of economic systems is Your Answer: industry. Correct Answer: production.
2.

What is the approximate number of people who currently support themselves through foraging? Correct Answer: 250,000
3.

Compared to temperate climate foragers, circumpolar foragers Correct Answer: have a more differentiated gender division of labor.
4.

Children have the most tasks in which mode of production? Correct Answer: Horticultural
5.

When fallowing time is reduced for many seasons, there is a/an Correct Answer: decrease in crop production.
6.

An example of a pastoralist society is the ________ people. Correct Answer: Saami

7.

Which of the following modes of production in an intensive strategy? Your Answer: Agriculture
8.

One billion people, or one-sixth of the world's population, make their living through Correct Answer: family farming.
1.

An elaborate feast in which guests are provided with food and gifts is called a Correct Answer: potlatach.

2.

Consumption is characterized by Correct Answer: intake and output.

3.

An estimated ________ people in developing and transition countries earn enough to be part of the consumerist economy. Correct Answer: 800 million
4.

An example of personalized consumption is Correct Answer: buying fresh fruits and vegetables at a farmer's market.
5.

An example that illustrates Pierre Bourdieu's concept of the "game of distinction," is Your Answer: the lavish children's birthday parties given by Israeli parents.
6.

Who is most likely to engage in generalized reciprocity? Correct Answer: Friends

7.

The prominent form of unbalanced exchange is Your Answer: market exchange.

8.

What form of unbalanced exchange has made the Pequot Indians successful capitalists? Correct Answer: Gaming
1.

What is the main factor contributing to the changing patterns of consumption and exchange? Correct Answer: Powerful core states
2.

People with incomes above the subsistence minimum but below the social minimum are classified as Your Answer: poor.
3.

What role has credit played in changing both consumption and exchange patterns? Correct Answer: Maintaining a running debt is an expected part of life for many people.
4.

The prevalence of ecstasy use among teenagers in the late 1990s was due to

Your Answer:
1.

global distribution networks.

The world's highest birth rates are found among the Correct Answer: Mennonites and Hutterites of the U.S. and Canada.
2.

Level population growth associated with moderate birth and death rates is the characteristic reproduction pattern for which mode of production? Correct Answer: Foraging
3.

The ideology that promotes that individuals have many children is called Correct Answer: pronatalism.
4.

Fertility rates in the Kilimanjaro region of northern Tanzania are lower than other areas in Tanzania because of Correct Answer: an active family planning program.
5.

What is the first phase of demographic transition? Correct Answer: A decrease in death rates
1.

The lost semen complex refers to Your Answer: the Hindu belief that the quality of semen is improved with periods of abstinence.
2.

Which of the following factors has a negative effect on fertility? Correct Answer: Economic costs of children
3.

The preference for sons in some countries leads to Correct Answer: female infanticide.
4.

In which of the following religions is abortion acceptable? Correct Answer: Buddhism

5.

The phrase "modernization of mortality" refers to Correct Answer: differing patterns of mortality among the rich and poor.
1.

According to cultural anthropologists, personality is largely formed through Correct Answer: enculturation.
2.

Which of the following situations is NOT typical of a Mayan woman's labor and delivery? Correct Answer: She has universal health care and often chooses to deliver her baby in a state hospital.
3.

In which mode of production are children most likely to demonstrate a nurturant-responsible personality? Your Answer: Horticulture
4.

Adolescence among Sambia in Papua New Guinea involves Correct Answer: secret male initiation practices.
5.

A person who is biologically female but takes on a male gender role is referred to as a/an Correct Answer: amazon.
6.

The existence of phuuchai masculinity, phuuyung femininity, kathoey categories in Thailand is an example of Your Answer: gender pluralism.
7.

In Cameroon, West Africa, a pregnant schoolgirl is a source of shame. Even after the birth of her child the stage of ________ is not culturally recognized. Correct Answer: matrescence
8.

Freud suggested that a man who participates in ________ is seeking cross-sex identification. Correct Answer: couvade
9.

Research shows that women's experiences of discomfort and distress associated with menopause is Correct Answer: less common in Japan than in the United States.
1.

Ethnomedicine is Correct Answer: the study of cross-cultural health systems.

2.

An illness includes cultural perceptions and expectations of a health problem, while disease is Correct Answer: a biological health problem that is objective and universal.

3.

Which of the following illnesses is an example of a culture-specific syndrome? Correct Answer: Anorexia nervosa
4.

Fright/shock disease occurs in places where Correct Answer: people experience high levels of marginalization.
5.

The tendency of people in Bahia, Brazil to attribute weather changes such as humidity, excessive heat, and wind to health symptoms is an example of a/an Correct Answer: ethno-etiology.
6.

The Chinese belief that too much "coolness" can result in death unless addressed with dietary changes or medicine to restore balance is an example of ________ healing systems. Correct Answer: humoral
7.

Which of the following is not mentioned in the book as a "healer" specialist? Your Answer: Pharmacist
1.

Geophagia is Correct Answer: eating dirt in order to increase iron levels.

2.

Which of these approaches to medical anthropology includes an assessment of food distribution patterns and hygiene practices? Correct Answer: The Ecological/Epidemiological Approach
3.

When studying the diminished health and viability of indigenous people that results from colonialism, anthropologists use the Your Answer: ecological/epidemiological approach.
4.

An example of medicalization is Your Answer: prescribing medication to someone with "soufriendo del agua" when water filtration is what should be addressed.
5.

Which of the leading causes of death is prevalent in both poor, unindustrialized countries and in rich, industrialized countries? Your Answer: HIV/AIDS
6.

Western biomedicine has been criticized for its Correct Answer: dehumanization.
1.

Malaria is an example of Correct Answer: a disease of development.

2.

An example of a new disease related to unsafe technological developments is Correct Answer: eye infections caused by contaminated contact solutions.
3.

While some people in a particular culture may rely on humoral healing systems, others may subscribe to Western biomedicine. This clash between health philosophies results from Correct Answer: medical pluralism.
4.

The Sherpa of Nepal rely on which of the following health care options? Correct Answer: They can choose from any of the above options.
5.

When Mexican-American children were diagnosed with lead poisoning, anthropologist Robert Trotter investigated the cultural use of azarcon, a remedy for stomach aliments, that contains lead. Trotter's success in helping this microculture find a lead-free substitute for azarcon is an example of Correct Answer: clinical medical anthropology.
6.

Many people in developing countries have not welcomed UNICEF vaccination programs because Correct Answer: they are suspicious that the vaccines are a front for family planning programs.

1.

"Ego" or the individual is characteristic to a Correct Answer: kinship diagram.

2.

In addition to "blood" relatives, the Inuit of northern Alaska also considered ________ as kin.

Correct Answer: people who act like kin

3.

Which form of descent is common in about 60 percent of the world's cultures? Correct Answer: Unilineal descent
4.

Which modes of production are likely to have a bilineal descent system, follow the kinship rule of neolocality, and have a nuclear household? Your Answer: Foraging and industrialism
5.

According to The House of Lim a book about a family in Taiwan, females are Correct Answer: never fully merged into the patrilineage.
6.

Matrilineal descent exists mainly in Correct Answer: societies in which women are in charge of the production and distribution of food and other goods.
7.

Neolocality refers to the establishment of Correct Answer: a marital residence in a new location not linked to the residences of the bride's or groom's parents.
8.

Among Hindus of southern India, a marriage between a daughter and her mother's sister's son is referred to as Correct Answer: cross-cousin marriage.
9.

Widely practiced in northern India, ________ refers to a marriage in which the bride has a lower status than the groom. Correct Answer: hypergyny.
10.

Regarding the role of romantic love in spouse selection, biological determinists argue that these feelings are universal among humans as they play an adaptive role in preparing couples for parenting. Cultural constructionists argue that Your Answer: romantic love is an unusual factor influencing spouse selection.
11.

Adoption is an example of

Correct Answer: sharing-based kinship.

12.

The transfer of goods and money from the bride's side to the newly married couple is referred to as Correct Answer: dowry.
1.

Domestic arrangements in which one spouse lives with or near multiple partners and their children are Your Answer: complex households.
2.

One way, according to researcher Suad Joseph, that male domination in the Arab household is maintained is through Correct Answer: physical discipline of sisters by their brothers.
3.

A group of people who consider themselves related through kinship are considered a Your Answer: family.
4.

Why are women more likely to leave abusive partners in societies with women's work groups? Correct Answer: Women have the means to leave their abusers.
1.

Other students in colleges in the U.S. are part of your Correct Answer: secondary group.
2.

Which of the following statements about friendship is true? Correct Answer: Unlike family relationships, people voluntarily choose their friends.
3.

"Turn-at-talk" is a/an Correct Answer: pattern of storytelling in which efforts are made to include everyone as a storyteller.
4.

Within agricultural and industrial modes of production, which of the following groups is an example of a status group? Correct Answer: An ethnic group
5.

Which modern technology is a way to demonstrate the importance of a large network of people among lowincome Jamaicans?

Correct Answer: Cell phones

6.

Through her research on college fraternities, Peggy Sanday learned that the males orchestrate "trains" to Correct Answer: reinforce their sense of power and unity.
7.

An example of a countercultural group is Your Answer: a body modification group.

8.

Overeaters Anonymous is an example of a/an Correct Answer: self-help group.

1.

Relationships among different groups of people that occur as though they were arranged in layers are referred to as Correct Answer: social stratification.
2.

Race, ethnicity, gender, age, and physical ability determine an individual's Your Answer: ascribed position.
3.

Entitlements to livelihood, power, security, and freedom are often relegated Correct Answer: on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, and class.
4.

The unequal meeting of two formerly separate groups through colonization, slavery, or other large-scale movements results in Your Answer: racial stratification.
5.

What happened in Umtata, South Africa following the end of apartheid in 1994? Correct Answer: A neoapartheid stage was followed by a non-racial atmosphere that alleviated much of the racial tension.
6.

Ethnic identity may be based on Correct Answer: shared history.

7.

What group is at the top of the Hindu-based caste system?

Correct Answer: Brahmans

8.

The patron-provider system in which the landholding patrons are linked through exchanges of food for services with Brahman priests, artisans, and others is referred to as Your Answer: a jajmani system.
1.

A collection of diverse interest groups that function outside the government to organize economic and other aspects of life is called Your Answer: a civil society.
2.

Despite the restrictions of the Chinese government, Ellen Judd learned Your Answer: that education is important to Chinese women.
3.

The CO-MADRES organization was founded to Your Answer: hold the government accountable for its actions during the El Salvador Civil War.
4.

Anthropologist Stuart Kirsch justifies his role as an advocate for people affected by a large mine in Papua New Guinea as Correct Answer: a form of reciprocol exchange.
1.

The executive branch of the U.S. government holds the authority to order a military strike, the legislative branch may exert its ________ to initiate or prevent military action. Correct Answer: influence
2.

Characteristics of a band include Correct Answer: flexible membership and social equality.
3.

A big-man's position in the Papau New Guinea highlands is determined by which of the following criteria? Correct Answer: Owning many pigs
4.

Which form of political organization includes large populations of permanently allied groups organized under one recognized leader; hereditary systems of social ranking; and economic stratification? Your Answer: Chiefdom
5.

Powhatan, the father of Pocahontas, was a paramount chief in the Algonquin Correct Answer: confederacy.
6.

Compared to other forms of political organization, state leaders are most likely to be able to use Correct Answer: coercive force.
7.

A cross-national review of women's leadership roles in states indicates that Correct Answer: many women leaders have attained positions of influence due to their relationships with men, such as their husbands or sons.

1.

More than most other microcultural groups, the Mennonites rely on ________ to maintain social order. Correct Answer: internalized social control
2.

Laws are more common in state-level societies whereas generally agreed-upon ________ exist in all societies. Correct Answer: norms
3.

Social control in small-scale societies is centered around Correct Answer: all of the above.
4.

Punishment within a state-level society is most likely to include Correct Answer: imprisonment.
5.

As compared with the U.S., Japan gives more power to the ________ than the defendant. Correct Answer: police force
6.

The term "trial by ordeal" refers to Your Answer: putting the accused through a physically painful procedure to determine guilt or innocence.
7.

What punishment is commonly used in Islamic cultures in the case of theft? Correct Answer: The guilty party must pay compensation to the victim or family members of the victim.
8.

Archaeological evidence suggests that warfare emerged

Correct Answer: during the Neolithic era due to the extensive land use for plant and animal domestication.
9.

A historical view of high rates of violence among the Yanomami emphasizes Correct Answer: the role of the increased presence of Westerners in the region.
1.

What does Benedict Anderson's concept of an imagined community mean? Your Answer: The efforts that leaders of states employ to create a sense of belonging
2.

Comprised of up to 30 million people who live in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria, the Kurds have no independent state because Correct Answer: they were full-time pastoralists prior to World War I and have no property rights.
3.

Democratization is the process of transformation from a/an ________ regime to a democratic regime. Correct Answer: authoritarian
4.

The Seneca of New York are an example of Correct Answer: a resurgence of women's leadership roles within a community.

1.

Communication based on a systemic set of symbols and signs is called Correct Answer: language.
2.

Human language has an infinite capacity for generating understandable expressions, a feature called Your Answer: productivity.
3.

Languages all have Correct Answer: syntax.

4.

The fact that a native English speaker must learn a new way to produce sounds when studying Hindu is due to the difference in ________ between the two languages. Correct Answer: phonemes
5.

Within a particular language, an especially rich cluster of related words is referred to as a/an

Correct Answer: focal vocabulary.

6.

A form of communication that primarily uses hand messages to convey messages is Correct Answer: sign language.
7.

If you encountered an Apaceh woman from Arizona, you might interpret her silence as a lack of emotion or intelligence, when this nonverbal communication might Correct Answer: actually be a display of good manners in her culture.
8.

Among Kuwaiti women, head coverings convey that they are Your Answer: wealthy, leisurely, and honorable.
1.

Linguistics anthropologists can avoid observer's paradox by Correct Answer: initiating role plays with research participants.
2.

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that Correct Answer: people's language determines how they think.
3.

One difference in conversational styles between Euro-American men and women pointed out by Deborah Tannen is that Correct Answer: women speak and hear a language of intimacy and connection, while men's language is characterized by independence.
4.

Violating social norms for gender-based speaking styles, the "Koguls" of Japan Your Answer: do not use the honorific prefix for nouns.
5.

Homosexual men in Indonesia are known for Correct Answer: their own language derived, in part, from the national language.
6.

An ethnographic study of African American schoolchildren in Philadelphia determined that Correct Answer: verbal play and exchange are important parts of the children's conversations.

1.

The study of language change throughout history is referred to as Correct Answer: historical linguistics.
2.

A sister language to German is Correct Answer: Dutch.

3.

What characterizes all early writing systems? Correct Answer: Logographs

4.

A pidgin is Correct Answer: a language that blends elements of two or more languages that emerges when people from two different cultures communicate.
5.

When speakers have limited vocabulary in their native language and more often use a new language in which they are semifluent, ________ has occurred. Your Answer: language shift
6.

One reason for the emergence of linguistic anthropology in the United States is the Correct Answer: interest in recording disappearing languages.

1.

The plots in many traditional fairy tales include examples of Correct Answer: contagious magic.
2.

Animism is based on the belief in Correct Answer: the soul as a separable entity.
3.

The generalized functionalist approach concludes that religion developed as a way Correct Answer: for people to explain life and death, illness and misfortune, and other human problems.
4.

Expressing religious beliefs through explicit and direct statements is termed Your Answer: doctrine.
5.

An example of animatism, the belief in impersonal supernatural power, is Correct Answer: mana.
6.

An example of a pilgrimage is Your Answer: the Hajj to Mecca.

7.

A Jewish Bar Mitzvah or Bat Mitzvah is an example of a Your Answer: life-cycle ritual.
8.

The cultural materialist interpretation of Aztec human sacrifice and cannibalism emphasizes Your Answer: the role of those in power to provide food to the populace.
9.

Nostradamus is an example of a Your Answer: prophet.

1.

Which of the world's religions has the most followers? Correct Answer: Christianity
2.

A distinguishing characteristic of Hinduism is Your Answer: polytheism.

3.

Buddhism in Myanmar suggests that "nats" can be overcome by ritual behaviors while ________ cannot. Your Answer: "karma"
4.

The Kotel is the sacred place for which of the world religions? Your Answer: Judaism
5.

The Islamic Pillar that directs its followers to provide for the poor is called Your Answer: contributing alms.
6.

Which of the following features is not associated with African religions? Correct Answer: Handling of poisonous snakes

1.

The re-emergence of the Ghost Dance among various Native American populations is an example of Correct Answer: a revitalization movement.
2.

Recurrent religious conflict is often focused on Correct Answer: contested sacred sites.
3.

Many anthropologists have spoken out against the U.S. campaign on terrorism because Correct Answer: of the profiling of all Muslims as terrorists.
1.

Anthropologists who study art focus on Correct Answer: all of the above.
2.

The artistic guidelines among the Yoruba' of Nigeria, which include the depiction of humans at their optimal physical peak, are examples of Your Answer: ethno-esthetics.
3.

In addition to its artistic qualities, body painting and adornment Correct Answer: legitimize political leaders.
4.

During Ruth Bunzel's training as a potter with Native Americans, she learned the importance of ________ to the Zuni artists. Correct Answer: past traditions
5.

With regards to art in foraging societies, Your Answer: there are opportunities for everyone to participate in art.
6.

In a study of women's attendance at male strip clubs, researchers learned that Correct Answer: women are symbolically dominated by the dancers.
7.

A study of Japanese interior decoration Your Answer: found that design changes complement deeper social changes regarding marriage and family relationships.

8.

A product of state-level societies is Correct Answer: decorative gardens.

1.

Which of the following characteristics is not one of Johan Huizinga's guidelines for defining play? Your Answer: Play is engaged in by the younger members of a population.
2.

A model for corporate culture with a clear hierarchy and leadership vested in one person can be seen in Correct Answer: American football.
3.

Male wrestling in Indian is closely connected with Your Answer: spirituality and self-control.
4.

Bull-fighting is an example of a/an Correct Answer: blood sport.

5.

The tourism industry is often criticized for its Correct Answer: portrayal of indigenous people as primitive.
6.

In regards to tourism, anthropology has focused mainly on Correct Answer: the impact of Western tourism on indigenous people.
7.

While the people of Costa Rica were involved in the planning of a national park and help to manage the park system, the Amboseli National Park in Kenya affected the Maasai by Correct Answer: impeding their access to strategic water sources to their herds.
1.

The current style of cricket rules in the Trobriand Islands is a result of Correct Answer: syncretism.
2.

An example of a change in expressive culture is Correct Answer: All are changes in expressive culture.
3.

While some scholars criticize tourist demand for indigenous arts and performances, others say that Correct Answer: tourist support for indigenous arts is often the only factor maintaining them.
4.

In 1972, UNESCO developed a basic definition of ________ and added many locations worldwide on its World Heritage List. Correct Answer: material cultural heritage
5.

An example of intangible cultural heritage is Your Answer: the Ju/`hoansi healing dance.
1.

Anthropologists who study migration are most likely to conduct Correct Answer: multisited research.
2.

According to the push-pull theory of migration, the "push factor" is Correct Answer: rising expectations regarding quality of life.
3.

Hypertension is a common occurrence associated with Correct Answer: rural-to-urban migrants.

4.

At least 60 percent of the gross domestic product of the Pacific island of Tonga comes from Correct Answer: remittances.
5.

Population movement back and forth between two or more countries is referred to as Correct Answer: transnational migration.
6.

Although no accurate count is available, it is estimated that the number of refugees in the world is Your Answer: 10 million.
7.

Since 1950, an estimated 80 million people have been displaced due to Correct Answer: dam construction.
8.

People who are forced to leave their home country are

Correct Answer: refugees.

9.

An example of ________ displacement, the Three Gorges Dam project will have forced two million people to relocate when it is completed. Correct Answer: development-induced
10.

College students are often in the category of Your Answer: institutional migrants.

1.

A trend in new international migration that began in the 1990s is Your Answer: acceleration.
2.

People admitted to the U.S. under the family reunification provision are typically granted Correct Answer: immigrant visas.
3.

The population movement in which a first wave of migrants comes to a new country and then encourages relatives and friends to join them is called Correct Answer: chain migration.
4.

Many of the Salvadoran immigrants who came to the United States to escape civil war, encountered Your Answer: poverty as a result of low wages and high living costs in New York.
5.

Which group of Vietnamese immigrants to the U.S. spent the least amount of time in refugee camps and received generous financial support from the U.S.? Correct Answer: The 1975-era elite immigrants
6.

While the first wave of South Asian immigrants were highly educated males from India that work in medicine, engineering, and management, the second wave Correct Answer: are less educated, but successfully run family businesses or service industries.
7.

One challenge that Soviet Jewish immigrants face is Correct Answer: finding suitable marriage partners as cultural norms promote intraethnic marriage.

1.

Cultural anthropologists are helping ________ through computerized systems that link ethnographical data with geographic information systems and environmental and climate data from satellites. Correct Answer: pastoralists
2.

A Supreme Court decision handed down by Justice Oliver Wendall-Holmes in 1915 says that Correct Answer: states do not have jurisdiction over federal immigration laws.
3.

While chain migration encourages the additional immigration and subsequent expansion of a local community, the ________ seeks to limit the population of a particular group due to limited resources. Correct Answer: lifeboat mentality
1.

Contemporary anthropologists study cultures from a ________ perspective. Your Answer: diachronic
2.

A form of culture change in which a culture no longer distinguishable as having a separate identity is called Correct Answer: assimilation.
3.

While critics oppose modernization because it often destroys indigenous cultures and brings ecological ruin, supporters claim that Your Answer: improved transportation, biomedical health care, and telecommunications are worth the costs to society.
4.

Through the growth-oriented development model, one strategy to promote economic growth is Correct Answer: structural adjustment strategy.
5.

While modernization emphasizes individual betterment and progress, ________ development advocates social equity, especially in terms of income, literacy, and health. Correct Answer: distributional
6.

The high social indicators in Kerala, South India exemplify a success in which model of development? Correct Answer: Distributional development
7.

The United Nations agency charged with immunizing all children against major childhood diseases is

Correct Answer: The World Health Organization.

8.

The bilateral organization that gives interest-free "soft loans" to the poorest countries is the Correct Answer: International Development Association.
9.

When loans or grants are ________, recipient countries are free to decide how to use the funds. Correct Answer: untied
10.

What is social capital? Correct Answer: The intangible resources of social ties, trust, and cooperation

1.

According to the book, reduction in the biodiversity of indigenous people's territory is directly linked to Correct Answer: impoverishment.
2.

The indigenous people in Amazonia and in the Gran Chaco region have demanded their right to _________ through the International Alliance for the Protection of Isolated Indigenous People. Correct Answer: isolation and protection from unwelcome outside contact
3.

Genocide and violent displacement in Sudan are due, in part, to Your Answer: the rich oil deposits in the southern part of Sudan.
4.

The Hundee, the Oromo NGO, uses a ________ approach in all of their endeavors to attain self-sufficiency. Correct Answer: participatory
5.

One reason, mentioned in the book, for the loss of power among formerly matrilineal societies is Correct Answer: the male bias in development.
6.

According to the book, some programs that target violence against women and girls Correct Answer: address only the effects of violence, instead of the causes.
7.

In response to rape and robberies that occurred against women vendors in San Cristobal, Chiapas Mexico, the vendors

Correct Answer: formed social networks to protect themselves.

1.

The imposition of development projects and policies without the free, prior, and informed consent of the affected people is referred to as Correct Answer: development aggression.
2.

Indigenous people and others who are victimized by external and large-scale development propose the concept of ________ rather than a development project to protect them from further decline. Correct Answer: a life project
3.

In addition to large scale development projects, the Ifugao of Northern Luzon in the Philippines most cope with Correct Answer: torture, imprisonment, and killings by the military force.

1.

If you are an anthropologist whose focus of study is past human cultures, you are Your Answer: An archaeologist.
2.

A subjective attempt to understand humanity through the study of art, music, etc., is an approach known as Your Answer: Humanistic.
3.

The four fields into which North American anthropology is divided are Your Answer: Cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, archaeology, and linguistic anthropology.
4.

A change that contributes to the survival of a species is called Correct Answer: An adaptation.
5.

The study of living people and their cultures is known as Correct Answer: Cultural anthropology.
6.

Linguists primarily study Correct Answer: The various ways in which humans communicate.

7.

The largest organization of professional anthropologists in North America is the Correct Answer: American Anthropological Association.
8.

Human induced changes brought to the environment are referred to as Correct Answer: Anthropogenic.
9.

The primary means by which humans adapt to the environment and to change is Correct Answer: Culture.
10.

The contemporary process of culture change related to dense and rapid linkages of trade, communication, population movement, and other forms of contact is Correct Answer: Globalization.
11.

Another name for the field of biological anthropology is Correct Answer: Physical anthropology.
12.

The two major areas of archaeology are Correct Answer: Prehistoric and historical.
13.

Something arbitrary that stands for something else is known as a Correct Answer: Symbol.
14.

The study of humanity across time and space is called Correct Answer: Anthropology.
15.

In anthropological ethics, the primary responsibility that anthropologists have is to Correct Answer: Protect the well being of the people or materials involved in research.

1.

If you specialize in primatology, you study all mammals, especially those most important to humans. Correct Answer: False
2.

"BCE" stands for Before the Common Era. Your Answer: True
3.

There has been little change in anthropology since the 1800s when it first became recognized as a science. Correct Answer: False
4.

The acquisition of culture through learning is known as acculturation. Your Answer: True
5.

Anthropologists generally view the idea of a homogeneous Europe as invalid. Your Answer: True
1.

The set of symbols shared by a group that is used to convey meaning is known as __________ Correct Answer: language
2.

Anthropology is considered to be a __________ because of the methodological approach it uses to study humans. Correct Answer: science
3.

__________ comprises rules of conduct about what is right and wrong in terms of both motive and actual behavior. Correct Answer: ethics
4.

Archaeologists who planted the experimental fields in Bolivia were practicing __________ Correct Answer: Applied anthropology
5.

Because archaeological thinking and interpretation move from the microscale of a single artifact to wider levels of regional ties, it is called __________ Correct Answer: multiscalar
1.

The ability to make choices and exercise free will is known as Your Answer: Agency.
2.

__________ is a social category based on people's economic position in a society, usually measured in terms of income or wealth. Correct Answer: Class
3.

Franz Boas promoted the approach to the study of culture known as Correct Answer: Cultural particularism.
4.

McDonaldization is the term used to express the model that Correct Answer: Under the influence of the USA, the world's cultures are becoming homogeneous.
5.

When anthropologists study gender, they recognize that Your Answer: Cross-culturally, gender differences vary from society to society.
6.

Another name for interpretive anthropology is Correct Answer: Symbolic anthropology.

7.

Those groups which have a long standing connection with their home territory that predates colonialism are referred to as Correct Answer: Indigenous peoples.
8.

An institution is Correct Answer: An enduring group setting formed for a particular purpose.
9.

The example of the Cheyenne Outbreak of 1879 illustrates that Correct Answer: Archaeology can be used to support indigenous people's resistance.
10.

The position that each culture must be understood in terms of the values and ideas of that culture is known as Correct Answer: Cultural relativism.
11.

Some archaeologists who are __________ attribute some kinds of culture change to the environment and other material factors. Correct Answer: Processualists.
12.

The three perspectives on culture include: Correct Answer: Idealism, holism, and behaviorism.
13.

Margaret Mead went to eastern Samoa in 1925 to Your Answer: Study the universality of adolescent stress.
14.

The _____ of Western culture in Japan can be seen in language, public bathing, and shopping. Your Answer: Localization
15.

"It is very undesirable to eat insects." This sentence exemplifies the concept of Correct Answer: Ethnocentrism.
1.

There is one definition of culture upon which modern anthropologists agree. Correct Answer: False
2.

Postmodernist archaeology and postprocessual archaeology offer the same perspective of looking at the past. Your Answer: True
3.

Bronislaw Malinowski is best known for his theoretical perspective of cultural materialism. Correct Answer: False
4.

Race is a social or cultural construct, but not valid as a biological construct. Your Answer: True
5.

Anthropologists in general value cultural diversity. Your Answer: True

1.

The leading figure of the theoretical perspective of __________ is Claude Levi-Strauss. Correct Answer: structuralism
2.

When a person judges another culture by his or her own standards instead of the standards of that culture, this is called __________

Correct Answer: ethnocentrism

3.

A sense of group affiliation based on a distinct heritage of worldview as a people is __________ Correct Answer: ethnicity
4.

__________ is an approach in anthropology that emphasizes how genes and hormones shape human behavior and thought. Correct Answer: Biological determinism
5.

One view of culture that emphasizes learned and shared ways of both thinking and behaving is __________ Correct Answer: holism

1.
The classification scheme of organisms in use today is based on Your Answer: Linnaean taxonomy.

2.
A __________ contains the taxa in a genus descended from a common ancestor. Your Answer: grade Correct Answer: clade

3.
The totality of genetic information encoded in the DNA of an individual is called the Your Answer: Genes. Correct Answer: Genome.

4.

The process by which organisms that are better adapted to the environment reproduce more effectively is known as Your Answer: Transmutation. Correct Answer: Natural selection.

5.
The division of somatic cells is known as Your Answer: Mutation. Correct Answer: Mitosis.

6.
Another name for speciation is Your Answer: Extinction. Correct Answer: Macroevolution.

7.
Two models for evolution are Your Answer: Punctuated equilibrium and phyletic gradualism.

8.
When a living species ceases to exist, it is said to be Your Answer: Evolved. Correct Answer: Extinct.

9.
The origin of the indigenous groups on the Andaman Islands Your Answer: Is presently unknown. Correct Answer: Can be traced to the Indian subcontinent.

10.
The appearance of an organism is called its Your Answer: Genotype. Correct Answer: Phenotype.

11.
The Judeo-Christian view of human origins emphasizes Your Answer: Early humans as different from later humans. Correct Answer: The creation of humans in their present form.

12.
If two organisms can successfully interbreed with each other, they are Your Answer: Considered to be fit. Correct Answer: Members of the same species.

13.
Nucleic acids are made up of units called Your Answer: DNA. Correct Answer: Nucleotides.

14.
Humans typically have Your Answer: The same number of chromosomes as other species. Correct Answer: 23 pairs of chromosomes.

15.

From Rebecca Cassidy's research on thoroughbred horses of Newmarket, England, she found that Your Answer: There are parallels between English perceptions of breeding in humans and in horses.

1.
The Bible-based belief that all species date from the Day of Creation and have always been the way they are now is known as the Great Chain of Being. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

2.
Both natural and artificial selection act on phenotype. Your Answer: True

3.
The smallest unit of heredity is a nucleotide. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

4.
The preserved remains of plants and animals from the past are called fossils. Your Answer: True

5.
Early Greco-Roman thinking has had little impact on modern biology. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

1.
Charles Darwin wrote "On the Origin of Species," a book which detailed his idea of __________ Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Natural selection

2.
The study and description of a vertical series of sediment or rock layers that have accumulated over time is called __________ Your Answer: a Correct Answer: stratigraphy

3.
__________ depicts all living creatures in a sequence with humans occupying the place closest to God. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Great Chain of Being

4.
The __________ of an organism refers to its size, shape, and appearance. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: morphology

5.
Evolution works at the level of the __________ Your Answer: a Correct Answer: population

1.
Fossils or artifacts that are found exposed on the ground are called

Your Answer: Horizons. Correct Answer: Surface finds.

2.
One of the main goals of the Manchester Egyptian Mummy Research Project is to: Your Answer: Return stolen mummies to their country of origin. Correct Answer: Discover new ways in which mummies may be studied.

3.
When the material or matrix surrounding an artifact or fossil is physically removed, the processed is called Your Answer: Excavation.

4.
Radiocarbon dating Your Answer: Is the most popular form of relative dating. Correct Answer: Is most useful on organic remains.

5.
It is not unusual for the archaeologist to find __________ or mounds of built-up debris such as mollusk shells. Your Answer: Stratigraphic layers Correct Answer: Middens

6.
When the anthropologist lives in and studies a culture for an extended period of time, she is practicing the method of Your Answer: Restudy. Correct Answer: Participant observation.

7.
The study by Annette Weiner in the Trobriand Islands demonstrated that Your Answer: Men focus their economic activities on exchanging with women the bundles of leaves and skirts. Correct Answer: Men's and women's exchange systems are linked.

8.
A time allocation study will primarily provide the cultural anthropologist with information on Your Answer: Insights into what people do on a daily basis.

9.
Visual anthropology Your Answer: Is used substantially more often in cultural anthropology than the other three fields of anthropology. Correct Answer: Refers to the ability to see both etic and emic views of culture.

10.
The primary responsibility of anthropologists is to Your Answer: Avoid negative impact on their subjects of study.

11.
In order to prepare for fieldwork, anthropologists should Your Answer: Learn the language upon arrival in the field. Correct Answer: Receive necessary medical training.

12.

A cluster of similar artifacts that are interpreted as representing the work of a cultural group is Your Answer: A site. Correct Answer: An assemblage.

13.
When a cultural anthropologist gathers verbal information through specific questioning, she is conducting Your Answer: Participant observation. Visual anthropology. Discourse. An interview. Correct Answers: Discourse. An interview.

14.
Potassium-argon dating Your Answer: Measure the time passed since an organism died. Correct Answer: Can be used to date rocks that are millions of years old.

15.
Archaeologists Your Answer: Find that remains of macrofauna provide the best information on past climate. Correct Answer: Depend on a number of different methods to interpret ancient climatic change.

1.
A feature is a portable item manufactured by humans. Your Answer: True

Correct Answer: False

2.
Absolute dating methods are useful for determining the age of an item on the basis of a specific time scale. Your Answer: True

3.
Anthropologists go to a previously studied site to do a restudy that will provide the exact information as the original study. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

4.
When ethnographers gather qualitative information, they are primarily recording data that are numeric in nature. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

5.
Anthropologists can experience culture shock upon returning to their native cultures after participating in fieldwork. Your Answer: True

1.
The basic method of data collection used in all four fields of anthropology is __________ Your Answer: a

Correct Answer: Fieldwork

2.
When the study of contemporary peoples lends insights into past cultures, this method is termed __________ Your Answer: a Correct Answer: ethnoarchaeology

3.
__________ or male-centered bias in research produces results that emphasize the status of roles of males, while females are relegated to a marginal position. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Androcentrism

4.
It is necessary to establish __________, which leads to a trusting relationship between the anthropologist and the people under study. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: rapport

5.
A cultural anthropologist writes an __________ which is a book-length description of a culture that has been studied for an extended period of time. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: ethnography

1.
Most primate species are arboreal, meaning that

Your Answer: They live in the trees.

2.
An advantage of being an gumnivore is that Your Answer: Gum has a high nutritional content.

3.
The type of social group that characterizes the Pan genus is Your Answer: Multi-male/one-female. Correct Answer: Fission-fusion.

4.
The most common residence pattern for non-human primates is Your Answer: Patrilocality. Correct Answer: Matrilocality.

5.
An individual who has priority access to resources such as food, water, and mates is Your Answer: Dominant.

6.
One method used to assess behavior of female spider monkeys living in the wild is through the study of Your Answer: Hair. Correct Answer: Fecal matter.

7.

Nonhuman primate communication and human communication Your Answer: Are both context-specific. Are difficult to distinguish from each other. Have more similarities than differences. Have more differences than similarities. Correct Answers: Are both context-specific. Have more differences than similarities.

8.
Some species of primates who typically have twin births also have the practice of shared care of infants among the group. This practice is called Your Answer: Matrilocality. Correct Answer: Allocare.

9.
Most living non-human primate species live Your Answer: In hot desert areas of the tropics. Correct Answer: In forest environments in tropical and subtropical areas.

10.
The great apes include all of the following species Your Answer: Gibbons, siamangs, orangutans, and gorillas. Correct Answer: Orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos.

11.
Compared to chimpanzees, bonobos Your Answer: Have more stable social groups.

12.
The primate species most often used as living analogues to early humans are the Your Answer: Chimpanzee and bonobo.

13.
Chimpanzee archaeology conducted at Ti, Cte d'Ivoire Your Answer: Can tell us about the culture of past chimpanzees.

14.
The largest threat today to the survival of non-human primates is Your Answer: Human activity.

15.
When primatologists do research to help solve problems such as the extinction of primate species Your Answer: They are not able to collect enough data from forest-dwelling species. Correct Answer: They are practicing applied anthropology.

1.
All great ape species are capable of making and using tools. Your Answer: True

2.
Lorises, lemurs, and tarsiers are species of prosimians. Your Answer: True

3.

The typical mode of locomotion for gorillas is brachiation. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

4.
It is agreed upon by all primatologists that non-human primates have culture. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

5.
The most common primate social group is the multi-male/multi-female group. Your Answer: True

1.
An advantage of being an __________ means that a variety of foods can be eaten. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: omnivore

2.
The sexual selection hypothesis may help explain why __________ exists in some primate species where males seek to increase their reproductive fitness. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Infanticide

3.
Apes can __________, using their forelimbs to swing from branch to branch. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: brachiate

4.
Those animals which are most active at night are __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: nocturnal

5.
The suborder of __________ includes monkeys, apes, and humans. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: anthropoids

1.
The term used to label a fossil that looks more closely related to modern humans than chimps or bonobos is Your Answer: Anthropoid. Correct Answer: Hominin.

2.
A geological formation that consists of sunken floors and elevated walls created by tectonic action is known as Your Answer: breccia. Correct Answer: Rift valley.

3.
The second oldest potential primitive hominin species is Your Answer: Australopithecus afarensis. Correct Answer: Orrorin tugenensis.

4.
The two species in the Ardipithecus genus are Your Answer: ramidus and africanus. Correct Answer: kadabba and ramidus.

5.
Fossil specimens coming from Laetoli, Tanzania and Hadar, Ethiopia that date to between 4 and 3 million years ago belong to: Your Answer: Au. garhi. Correct Answer: Au. afarensis.

6.
The "Taung" baby discovered in Southern Africa by Raymond Dart is a member of Your Answer: Au. africanus.

7.
Morphological features that set apart the Paranthropus genus from the Australopithecus genus are Your Answer: The mandible and cranium.

8.
The most recently discovered archaic hominin is called __________ by Meave Leakey. Your Answer: Homo rudolfensis Correct Answer: Kenyanthropus platyops

9.
The type of analysis done when a fossil bone or tooth is evaluated in terms of what functions it would have performed best and most frequently is called

Your Answer: behavioral morphology. Correct Answer: functional morphology.

10.
The oldest uncontested evidence for hominin bipedalism is Your Answer: 3.6 million years old.

11.
The diet of the early hominins can generally described as Your Answer: carnivorous. Correct Answer: omnivorous.

12.
A likely pattern of social group among early hominins was Your Answer: one-male / one-female. Correct Answer: multi-male / multi-female.

13.
When lifestyle features of early hominins are considered, it can be safely said that Your Answer: language abilities were similar to that of modern humans. Correct Answer: they likely had effective ways of communicating.

14.
The theory that has been proven to explain why hominins became upright is that Your Answer: no theory has been proven.

15.

Breccia is Your Answer: the hard covering on hominin teeth which protects them. Correct Answer: a cement-like substance that forms on cave floors,

1.
Modern humans and chimpanzees had a common ancestor that likely lived in Asia from 8 to 5 million years ago. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

2.
There is now so much known about human evolution that there are no gaps or biases in the fossil record. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

3.
Even if one has recovered a complete hominin fossil, it may not be possible to determine the age and sex of the individual. Your Answer: True

4.
The terms "splitters" and "lumpers" refer to one's viewpoint about the classification of the various hominin species preceding modern humans. Your Answer: True

5.
The oldest of the primitive hominin candidates is Sahelanthropus tchadensis. Your Answer: True

1.
Undisputed proof of __________ creatures exists at Laetoli, Tanzania where footprints have been preserved that show the mode of locomotion. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: bipedal

2.
The scientific study of the process of preservation and decay of organisms after their death is __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: taphonomy

3.
When two species have similar morphology, but not a common ancestor, this situation is called __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Homoplasy

4.
The beginning of the Old Stone Age or __________ is marked by the earliest use of stone tool use and manufacture. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Paleolithic Period

5.
The Australopithecus afarensis discovered by Donald Johanson's team, a specimen that is about 40% complete, is nicknamed __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Lucy

1.
The Early Stone Age in Africa is called __________ in Europe and Asia. Your Answer: It is also called the Early Stone Age. Correct Answer: Lower Paleolithic

2.
Your textbook authors' position is that H. habilis s. s. and H. rudolfensis Your Answer: show evidence of culture similar to H. sapiens. Correct Answer: should not be included in the genus Homo.

3.
Stone tools made from cobbles are called Your Answer: core tools.

4.
The first hominin with a body size and shape much like those of the modern humans is Your Answer: H. rudolfensis. Correct Answer: H. ergaster.

5.
A stone tool kit characterized by the prevalence of hand axes is Your Answer: Oldowan. Correct Answer: Acheulian.

6.
Homo erectus dates from Your Answer: 1.9 - 1.5 million years ago.

Correct Answer: 1.8 - 0.2 million years ago.

7.
The first hominin species that is widely distributed across the Old World is Your Answer: H. rudolfensis. Correct Answer: H. erectus.

8.
Homo floresiensis Your Answer: is a new species of Homo recovered from Florence, Italy. Correct Answer: appears to be a dwarfed version of H. erectus.

9.
A species of archaic Homo that appeared around 600,000 years ago in Africa, Asia and Europe is Your Answer: H. heidelbergensis.

10.
Levallois refers to Your Answer: a method to recover microfauna from archaeological sites. Correct Answer: a process of core preparation to produce flakes.

11.
World Heritage Status has recently been granted to the site of __________, an indication of its outstanding universal value Your Answer: La Chapelle-aux-saints Correct Answer: Atapuerca, Spain

12.

Longer legs for bipeds means that Your Answer: they are better adapted to life in the trees. Correct Answer: they will be taller.

13.
Early Homo species Your Answer: were entirely reliant upon meat in their diets. Correct Answer: obtained meat from scavenging.

14.
In terms of spoken language and human evolution, we can say that Your Answer: modern human language is the most complex form of communication.

15.
Studies of DNA and stone tools have revealed Your Answer: no DNA from sites older than 5, 000 years. Correct Answer: DNA from a wild boar, deer or antelope, and a modern human

1.
Species of archaic Homo are morphologically similar to H. sapiens. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

2.
It wasn't until one million years ago that hominins moved out of Africa. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

3.
Homo neanderthalensis fossils were first recovered in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

4.
There are elements of expressive culture among the Neanderthals. Your Answer: True

5.
Bone chemistry analysis of H. neanderthalensis fossils shows a heavy reliance on meat in the diet. Your Answer: True

1.
The type of grassy environment that spread throughout Africa during the Ice Age was the __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: savannah

2.
The first species that falls within the Homo genus, though contested by some, is __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Homo habilis

3.

A stone tool kit characterized by core tools and flake tools dating to 2.6 million years ago is called __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Oldowan

4.
A specialized tool kit consisting of light flake tools manufactured by Neanderthals is __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Mousterian

5.
A bifacial stone tool that is flat, pear-shaped, and flaked on all its edges and both surfaces is a __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answers: hand axe Acheulian hand axe

1.
Genetic evidence indicates that all modern humans are descended from a common ancestral population that lived in Africa between Your Answer: 20, 000 - 10, 000 years ago. Correct Answer: 200, 000 - 100, 000 years ago.

2.
Scientists Stringer and Andrews argue that modern humans evolved from archaic humans in Africa 200,000 years ago. Their model is called the Your Answer: Synthetic model. Correct Answer: Recent African Replacement model.

3.
A long parallel-sided flake made from stone such as flint or obsidian is called a: Your Answer: composite tool. Correct Answer: blade.

4.
The transfer of goods between two or more people is called: Your Answer: egalitarianism. Correct Answer: exchange.

5.
The __________ in Africa is characterized by microliths and the standardization of stone tools Your Answer: Early Stone Age Correct Answer: Later Stone Age

6.
The Upper Paleolithic began around Your Answer: 45, 000 years ago.

7.
The oldest tradition of rock art in the world is from Your Answer: South America. Correct Answer: Australia.

8.
The order of the earliest to the latest European Upper Paleolithic period is: Your Answer: Solutrean, Gravettian, Aurignacian, Magdalenian

Correct Answer: Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean,, Magdalenian

9.
The textbook authors discuss the fact that paleoanthropologists Your Answer: in the past dismissed Neanderthals as sub-human, but they do no today. Correct Answer: may have been unfair to Neanderthals.

10.
The primary subjects of European cave art paintings were Your Answer: fish and sea mammals. Correct Answer: large mammals.

11.
The main body of archaeological evidence for New World human occupation is that of the Your Answer: Beringian culture. Correct Answer: Clouts culture.

12.
The significance of Lepenski Vir, Siberia is that here Your Answer: sedentism first took place. Correct Answer: the first form of monumental stone sculpture was created.

13.
During the Holocene epoch in Africa Your Answer: the continent heated up after the Ice Age. Correct Answer: the environment generally became drier and cooler.

14.

Projectile points are Your Answer: the only artifacts associated with the early occupation of the Americas. Correct Answer: a type of composite tool made from a blade.

15.
The Natufians Your Answer: occupied the Levant during the Mesolithic.

1.
The existence of music is predated by any archaeological evidence of it. Your Answer: True

2.
There are numerous morphological differences between anatomically modern humans and archaic humans. Your Answer: True

3.
Evidence from both DNA and archaeology support the view that modern humans originated in Africa. Your Answer: True

4.
There was one massive migration of humans to the New World. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

5.

The New World and Old World foraging populations exploited identical resources, leading to similar lifestyles. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

1.
The __________ proposes that modern humans evolved from local archaic Homo populations in several regions of the world. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Multiregional Model

2.
Social organization is __________ when people have equal access to materials goods and status positions. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: egalitarian

3.
The first modern humans take their name from the type site of __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Cro-Magnon

4.
The Venus of Willendorf, Austria is an example of __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: portable art

5.

The __________ period in Europe is characterized by the increasing importance and variety of microliths, bone tools, and a semi-sedentary life. Your Answer: a Correct Answers: Mesolith Mesolithic

1.

The potato, now part of the McDonalds triad, was first domesticated in Your Answer: the arid regions of New Mexico. Correct Answer: the Andes region of South America.

2.

Kennewick Man refers to the human remains Your Answer: entombed in the Great Pyramid of Giza. Correct Answer: which are 9000 years old.

3.

Cahokia Your Answer: was built in the mountainous Andes region of South America. Correct Answer: is the name for the largest North American urban center.

4.

The Mesoamerican triad refers to Your Answer: the great ancient cities of Teotihuacan, Monte Alban and Tikal. Correct Answer: the domesticated plants maize, beans, and squash.

5.

A literate civilization that arose in the New World tropics was the Your Answer: Zapotecs. Correct Answer: Maya.

6.

The Vikings are known for Your Answer: the failure of their New World colonies.

7.

During the 14th century, a great trade center flourished in Africa. This site is: Your Answer: ancient Egypt. Correct Answer: Great Zimbabwe.

8.

The two main areas of early Chinese states and cities are Your Answer: in a province called Shang and another called Qin. Correct Answer: in the region of the Yellow River and south along the Yangtze river.

9.

The significance of the Narmer palette is that Your Answer: it provides a key to understanding ancient Egypt hieroglyphs. Correct Answer: it symbolizes the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.

10.

The world's earliest cities date to Your Answer: 5000 years ago. Correct Answer: 5500 years ago.

11.

The earliest cities had populations Your Answer: containing millions of people. Correct Answer: with thousands of inhabitants.

12.

Stable isotope analysis is useful for Your Answer: examining bones to determine diet.

13.

In the Middle American area of the New World, the transition to a fully agricultural way of life Your Answer: took thousands of years to accomplish.

14.

The earliest domesticated animal was Your Answer: the goat. Correct Answer: the dog.

15.

The process by which human selection causes changes in the genetics of plants and animals is called Your Answer: agriculture. Correct Answer: domestication.

1.
The term "Neolithic" literally means "new stone," referring to the fact that there was a change in stone tool technology. Your Answer: True

2.
When people depend primarily upon domesticated animals for most of their subsistence, they are practicing agriculture. Your Answer: False

3.
Plant remains can be recovered at archaeological sites through the process of flotation. Your Answer: False Correct Answer: True

4.
The wild ancestor of maize originated in the highlands of South America.

Your Answer: (blank)

5.
Phytoliths are extremely small sharp stones used as weapons. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

1.
A settled permanent way of life is called __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answers: sedentism sedentary

2.
Volcanic glass used to make sharp stone tools is __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: obsidian

3.
The massive stepped platform commonly found in early Mesopotamian cities is called a __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: ziggurat

4.
Egyptian hieroglyphic writing is an example of a system that employs both phonetic elements and __________. Your Answer: a

Correct Answer: pictographs

5.
Small-scale gardening, or __________, is a form of growing domesticated plants by using handheld tools. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: horticulture

1.
Differences in DNA that are particularly useful for comparing individuals are Your Answer: mitochondrial DNA. Correct Answer: single nucleotide polymorphisms.

2.
The purpose of the Icelandic National Health Sector Database is to Your Answer: compile medical records of the entire Icelandic population.

3.
When large quantities of DNA are needed for sequencing, the technology employed is Your Answer: polymerase chain reaction.

4.
When one is exposed to freezing conditions, __________ or lower body temperature may result: Your Answer: thermic shock. Correct Answer: hypothermia.

5.

In some areas of the world where the air is literally thinner, __________ conditions exist: Your Answer: low sunlight Correct Answer: hypoxic

6.
The major pigment responsible for human skin color is Your Answer: ultraviolet radiation. Correct Answer: melanin.

7.
Kleiber's Law describes the relationship between Your Answer: limb length and environmental conditions. Correct Answer: body size and metabolic rate.

8.
If individuals suffer from sickle-cell disease Your Answer: they are homozygotes recessive for that particular form of hemoglobin.

9.
The disorder caused by an additional 21st chromosome is known as Your Answer: cystic fibrosis. Correct Answer: Down syndrome.

10.
The __________ states that contemporary humans are biologically adapted to Paleolithic lifestyles Your Answer: stone age hypothesis Correct Answer: discordance hypothesis

11.
The case study of Gibraltar illustrates that Your Answer: genetics played a major role in who suffered most from cholera. Correct Answer: differential mortality of sub-populations was due to cultural patterns.

12.
One of the new infectious diseases is Your Answer: multi-drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis.

13.
The connection between poverty and gender is that Your Answer: children are more likely to be poor than adults. Correct Answer: women are more likely to be poor than men.

14.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by Your Answer: over-exposure to the elements, such as cold. Correct Answer: the lack of a protein.

15.
The evolution of sweating to cool the body is an example of Your Answer: a genetic adaptation.

1.
In the majority of the world's populations, the ability to digest lactose is lost shortly after infancy. Your Answer: True

2.
Social inequality is a major cause of childhood malnutrition. Your Answer: True

3.
Cystic fibrosis is a disease that disproportionately affects those of Asian origin. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

4.
Allen's rule states that populations adapted to cold climates tend to have arms and legs relative to their height. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

5.
Only 1% of the human genome consists of mtDNA, with 99% of it consisting of nuclear DNA. Your Answer: True

1.
__________ is performed to sequence an individual's DNA. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Genome analysis

2.
Humans may adapt to the environment by gradual physiological changes that occur during human growth. These changes are called __________.

Your Answer: a Correct Answer: developmental adaptation

3.
If you are unable to digest milk and milk products, you exhibit __________ Your Answer: a Correct Answers: lactase impersistence lactose intolerance

4.
__________, a disease spread by coughing, is a mycobacterial infection of the soft or skeletal tissues. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Tuberculosis

5.
If your red blood cell count is low, you suffer from __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: anemia

1.
In foraging societies, the division of labor is Your Answer: (blank)

2.
Cultural anthropologists recognize that a negative effect of globalization is

Your Answer: growing numbers of unemployed people. Correct Answer: all of the above.

3.
Which mode of production is the oldest? Your Answer: production for sale. Correct Answer: foraging.

4.
The gender division of labor in temperate foraging societies Your Answer: is the most inegalitarian of all modes of production. Correct Answer: involves overlapping tasks for males and females.

5.
Family farming is Your Answer: less energy-efficient than corporate farming. Correct Answer: geared to production of goods for use and sale.

6.
A horticultural group in which women traditionally had high status is the Your Answer: Ju/wasi. Correct Answer: Iroquois.

7.
A fallow period for fields is most essential in which mode of production? Your Answer: horticulture.

8.

Impact studies of communities surrounding Native American casinos show that Your Answer: all of the above.

9.
A gift that is given with absolutely no thought of return is Your Answer: the predominant form of exchange among foragers. Correct Answer: called a "pure" gift.

10.
An example of sustained unbalanced reciprocity is that of Your Answer: pooled household budgeting. Correct Answer: trade relationships between the Lese and the Efe.

11.
Which mode of consumption is most associated with infinite needs? Your Answer: pastoralism. Correct Answer: industrialism.

12.
Which of the following occurs as one moves toward the more industrialized end of the production continuum? Your Answer: decreased leisure time. Correct Answer: all of the above.

13.
Which mode of exchange is the most recent in human cultural evolution? Your Answer: balanced exchange. Correct Answer: market exchange.

14.
Among foragers, the largest budgetary category is devoted to Your Answer: ceremonial expenses. Correct Answer: none of the above.

15.
The profit motive least characterizes which economic system? Your Answer: industrialism. Correct Answer: foraging.

1.
The "Woman the Gatherer" model of human evolution has now largely replaced the "Man the Hunter" model. Your Answer: True

2.
The mode of production that is based on growing food on permanent plots of land is called agriculture. Your Answer: True

3.
According to the textbook, economic systems include three processes: production, consumption and reproduction. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

4.

Cultural anthropologists have studied patterns of production but have done little research on exchange. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

5.
Participating in the kula ring is currently illegal in Canada. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

1.
An example of a horticultural group is the __________. Your Answer: a Correct Answers: Yanomami Iroquois

2.
The control of __________ is the critical factor for status in horticultural societies. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: foraging

3.
Some scholars consider the invention of the mode of production called __________ to be a "terrible mistake" because of the increase in social inequality that came with it. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: agriculture

4.

The form of exchange in which one person seeks to make a profit is termed __________ exchange. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: market

5.
A well-known example of balanced reciprocity among men of the Trobriand Islands is the __________ trade or ring. Your Answer: a Correct Answer: Kula

1.
The rate of population growth Your Answer: increased dramatically during European industrialization. Correct Answer: is highest in the agricultural mode of reproduction compared to the other modes of reproduction.

2.
Anthropological research on abortion shows that Your Answer: economic conditions are often an important motivation for people seek abortion.

3.
A country with a fertility rate that is below replacement level is Your Answer: China. Correct Answer: all of the above.

4.
Below-replacement fertility is most characteristic of which mode of production?

Your Answer: horticulture. Correct Answer: industrial.

5.
The geographic region with the highest infertility rates is Your Answer: North America. Correct Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa.

6.
Children are most often socialized into nurturant behavior in which mode of production? Your Answer: trade and business. Correct Answer: horticulture.

7.
Anthropological research on menopause reveals that negative experiences of it are Your Answer: more extreme among non-human primate females than humans. Correct Answer: more characteristic of women in the United States than in Japan.

8.
Anthropologists use the term "sex" to refer to the classification of males and females based on Your Answer: learned preferences about sexual behavior. Correct Answer: inborn biological characteristics.

9.
Among the Aka of central Africa, child care is notable for the Your Answer: importance of grandparents in caring for infants. Correct Answer: important role of the father.

10.
Anthropological research reveals a link between Japanese men's loyalty to their corporate employers and Your Answer: flirting with hostesses at the club. Correct Answer: all of the above.

11.
The term couvade refers to Your Answer: the process of becoming a mother. Correct Answer: when a father experiences birth pains and other discomforts.

12.
The prevalent attitude toward people who take on "third gender roles" among Native American cultures is Your Answer: to shun such people and hope they will change their ways. Correct Answer: general acceptance.

13.
According to findings from the Six Cultures Study, children's personality formation is significantly affected by Your Answer: informal learning. Correct Answer: all of the above.

14.
The subfield within cultural anthropology concerned with the study of personality formation and human development over the life cycle is called Your Answer: biological anthropology. Correct Answer: psychological anthropology.

15.
The Maasai male youth who commented on his circumcision thought it Your Answer: was unfair that he had to endure the pain when the procedure could have been performed when he was much younger. Correct Answer: was important to his sense of identity as a Maasai.

1.
Cultural anthropologists have done more research on fertility than on mortality. Your Answer: True

2.
In Oaxaca, Mexico, husbands and wives generally agree about the number of children to have. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

3.
Children who grow up in industrial societies are more likely to have narcissistic personalities than children who grow up in horticultural societies. Your Answer: True

4.
Cultural anthropologists consider life stages to be universal across cultures. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

5.

Among the poor of Brazil, mother-infant bonding never occurs. Your Answer: True Correct Answer: False

1.
When a population's death rate equals its birth rate, this is called replacement-level __________. Correct Answer: fertility

2.
Low fertility rates and growth in the percentage of the aged population are two characteristics of the __________ mode of production. Correct Answer: industrial

3.
__________ is the term used to refer to an individual's patterned way of behaving and thinking. Correct Answer: personality

4.
Horticultural societies in which women's work roles are time-consuming and important are most likely to produce children with a type of personality termed __________. Correct Answer: nurturant/responsible

5.
In India, where people who dress and act like women but are neither truly male or female are called __________. Correct Answer: Hijras

1.
The cross-cultural classification of illness symptoms is called Correct Answer: ethno-nosology.

2.
The goal of the ecological/epidemiological approach in medical anthropology is to Correct Answer: examine regional and social factors affecting the distribution of disease.

3.
An important disease in the depopulation of the "New World" during European colonialism was Your Answer: all of the above.

4.
The Kyasanur Forest Disease epidemic in South India was Your Answer: caused by economic development.

5.
Critical medical anthropologists who have studied Western medical school training say that its learning pattern is characterized by Correct Answer: all of the above.

6.
An example of the concept of medicalization is Correct Answer: treating illnesses that are caused by poverty with pills instead of by improving people's economic status.

7.
Ethnomedicine refers to Correct Answer: the health systems of particular cultures.

8.
Clinical medical anthropology is the branch of medical anthropology that Correct Answer: seeks to make its knowledge useful to medical practitioners

9.
Awas is an example of Correct Answer: a culture-bound syndrome.

10.
The study of the use of healing plants in different cultures is called Correct Answer: ethnobotany.

11.
Hand trembling is Your Answer: a diagnostic technique.

12.
Shamanic healing is characterized by Correct Answer: communication by the healer with the spirit world as part of diagnosis and healing.

13.
The increasing prevalence of schistosomiasis is attributed to

Correct Answer: construction of high dams and irrigation.

14.
Medical anthropologists would consider the hanging of wooden phalluses on houses in rural northern Thailand as Your Answer: an example of a non-biomedical preventive practice.

15.
Medical pluralism refers to the Correct Answer: the co-existence of more than one medical system in a particular context.

1.
Most Nacirema have a humoral healing system. Your Answer: False

2.
The "dehumanization" of medical students is, according to critical medical anthropologists, one significant feature of the training of Western biomedical healers. Correct Answer: True

3.
The case of Mary, the Samoan girl with diabetes, illustrates how well two explanatory models can fit with each other in a situation of medical pluralism. Your Answer: False

4.
The high rate of success of placebos may be due to people's increasing understanding, in developing countries, of the role of germs and bacteria in disease causation.

Your Answer: False

5.
The Ju/Wasi have a community healing system. Correct Answer: True

1.
The form of healing system that is based on a view of the body as composed of various bodily fluids and forces that should be kept in balance is called a __________ healing system. Correct Answer: humoral

2.
The use of anthropological research to help improve biomedical health care delivery is called __________ medical anthropology. Correct Answer: clinical

3.
According to the textbook, selective pluralism characterized the contemporary healing situation of the Sherpa people of the country of __________. Correct Answer: Nepal

4.
The form of diagnosis in which an expert uses techniques to gain insights about supernatural causation of illness is called __________. Correct Answer: divination

5.

When poverty causes people to suffer from depression or anxiety, anthropologists refer to this situation as __________. Correct Answer: structural suffering

1.
Compared to a household, a family always includes people Correct Answer: who are related by kinship.

2.
The presence of polyandry is associated with Correct Answer: a high value on men's labor.

3.
According to the textbook, kinship is mainly based on which three factors? Correct Answer: descent, sharing and marriage.

4.
Cross-cultural research shows that the incest taboo Your Answer: forbids marriage or sexual intercourse with certain relatives.

5.
The marital residence pattern typical in North America is Correct Answer: neolocality.

6.
Unilineal descent systems

Correct Answer: exclude some very close "blood" relatives from ego's kin group.

7.
Dowry refers to Correct Answer: gifts from the bride's family to the new couple or the groom's family.

8.
Cross-cultural research on widowhood and widowerhood reveals that Your Answer: a double-standard applies to widows and widowers.

9.
The stem household is most common in Correct Answer: East Asia (China and Japan)

10.
Adoption is an example of kinship established through Correct Answer: sharing.

11.
The system of descent in which kinship is traced through the male line is called Correct Answer: patrilineal.

12.
Small, isolated nuclear households tend to be most prevalent in which culture? Correct Answer: Euro-Americans.

13.
Patrilocal residence for married couples is most associated with Correct Answer: a mode of production that involves immovable resources such as agricultural

14.
One theory mentioned in the textbook that has been proposed to explain the existence of woman-headed households (that do not have a resident male) among African Americans is Correct Answer: the scarcity of males in the population.

15.
In the United States, a trend in household formation is Correct Answer: the declining size of the average household.

1.
Cross-culturally, divorce rates are highest in bilineal societies. Correct Answer: True

2.
Marked restrictions on the dress and behavior of widowers are found in China and India. Your Answer: False

3.
Children of siblings who are of the opposite sex (in other words, the children of people who are brother and sister) are called cross cousins. Correct Answer: True

4.
When two adult sisters live together with their children, this arrangement is called a stem household. Your Answer: False

5.
Dowry is more commonly found in intensive agricultural societies than in horticultural or pastoral societies. Correct Answer: True

1.
When marriage gifts pass from the groom's family to the bride's family, this is referred to as __________. Correct Answer: brideprice

2.
An example of a culture with bilineal descent is __________. Correct Answer: Ju/wasi

3.
A patrilineal stem family is composed of a set of parents and one of their __________ with spouse and children. Correct Answer: sons

4.
There are __________ forms of polygamous marriage. Correct Answer: two

5.

One factor that anthropologists have said is related to the presence of polygyny in a society is economic __________. Correct Answers: expansionism expansion

1.
Which of the following is an achieved status? Correct Answer: college student.

2.
Friendship is Correct Answer: likely to be cultural universal, though we lack sufficient research to be sure.

3.
Anthropological research among prisoners with short-term sentences shows that Your Answer: they are unlikely to develop friendships.

4.
The major factor determining a person's caste position in media is Correct Answer: birth.

5.
Rituals are not important in establishing and reinforcing bonding in which group? Your Answer: none of the above: rituals are important in all these groups.

6.

The term dalit refers to Correct Answer: the most oppressed social category in India.

7.
Stack's study of low-income urban African Americans in the U.S. documented Correct Answer: the role of friendship in providing a security net especially for women.

8.
A common source of bonding among friends cross-culturally is Correct Answer: all of the above.

9.
The Chinese Women's Movement Correct Answer: all of the above.

10.
Anthropologist Stuart Kirsch describes his role in Papua New Guinea as Your Answer: a form of exchange based on reciprocity.

11.
In India, there were traditionally __________ varnas or castes. Your Answer: four

12.
The patron-provider system in India is called Your Answer: jajmani.

13.
An ethnography of Alcoholics Anonymous groups in Mexico City revealed that Correct Answer: drinking problems were related to male gender identity.

14.
In much of Africa, male youths who go through circumcision rituals together and then form social groups with each other called Correct Answer: age sets.

15.
The belief that rewards go to those who deserve them is called Correct Answer: meritocratic individualism.

1.
Due to their generally low status cross-culturally, women are consistently unable to form successful cooperatives. Your Answer: False

2.
In India, the government has outlawed discrimination on the basis of caste. Correct Answer: True

3.
The Han are the major ethnic group in China. Correct Answer: True

4.
Cooperatives are the most characteristic forms of non-kin groups in pastoralist societies compared to other modes of production. Your Answer: False

5.
Karl Marx's major contribution to the study of social stratification was his writing on class. Correct Answer: True

1.
A position in society is a __________. Correct Answer: status

2.
A non-kin social group likely to be found in all modes of production is __________. Correct Answer: friendship

3.
An example of an ascribed status position is __________. Correct Answer: king

4.
In a village of India, the group of people who control most of the land and who are also likely to be the numerical majority are referred to as the __________ caste. Correct Answer: dominant

5.

An example of a non-kin group mentioned in the textbook that is united by political interests is __________. Correct Answer: CO/MADRES

1.
The leader of a band Correct Answer: is little different from anyone else in the group.

2.
A major challenge that the European Space Agency faces is Correct Answer: internal coordination and communication.

3.
Big-man/big-woman political leadership is most associated with which mode of production? Correct Answer: horticulture.

4.
Anthropologists refer to the oldest form of political organization as Your Answer: a band.

5.
Geographically, big-man and big-woman leadership is most found in Correct Answer: the South Pacific.

6.
In pastoral societies, leadership tends to be based on Correct Answer: achieved status.

7.
Which of the following is not generally correlated (associated) with the rise of the state? Correct Answer: equality between men and women.

8.
A crucial factor in becoming a woman politician in the Republic of Korea ("South Korea") is Correct Answer: having a supportive father.

9.
Compared to political leaders in bands, leaders of states are less likely to Your Answer: rely on kinship networks for support.

10.
The debate among anthropologists about warfare among the Yanomami people mainly concerns Correct Answer: its causes.

11.
Critical military anthropology addresses Correct Answer: all of the above.

12.
In band societies, the usual strategy for dealing with people who are violent or do not contribute to the wellbeing of the group is Correct Answer: public shaming.

13.

A "critical" perspective on mechanisms of social control emphasizes Correct Answer: how such mechanisms serve to support the ruling class.

14.
Cross-cultural study of revolutions shows that Correct Answer: none of the above.

15.
The area within cultural anthropology that studies legal systems in terms of power issues is called Correct Answer: critical legal anthropology.

1.
Band political organization depends on strong non-kin ties between leaders and followers. Correct Answer: False

2.
Anthropologists have found the highest proportions of women leaders to exist in pastoral societies. Correct Answer: False

3.
In big-man or big-woman political organization, achievement is a critical basis for leadership. Your Answer: True

4.
Australia's justice system has been shown to discriminate particularly against Aboriginal youth. Your Answer: True

5.
The use of courts to determine an accused person's guilt or innocence emerged first in prehistoric foraging societies. Correct Answer: False

1.
Aung San Suu Kyi is a leader of the democratization movement in the country of __________. Correct Answer: Burma

2.
An example of an architectural symbol of state power is the __________. Correct Answer: pyramids

3.
A vertically linked political group that has strong ties to a leader and vies for resources with similar groups is called a __________. Correct Answer: faction

4.
In 2001, the American Anthropological Association set a commission to examine the ethics of __________'s work with the Yanomami. Correct Answers: Napoleon Chagnon Chagnon

5.

An example provided in the textbook of a social group that cultural anthropologists have shown to be discriminated against through the legal system is the __________. Correct Answer: Aborigines

1.
The perspective that says a person's language determines a person's thinking is called Correct Answer: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

2.
A factor leading to the emergence of linguistic anthropology in the U. S. was the Your Answer: interest in recording disappearing languages of Native American cultures.

3.
Language decay occurs when Correct Answer: when speakers have a limited vocabulary in their native language and begin using another language in which they also have a limited vocabulary.

4.
A universal feature of language is Correct Answer: some form of grammar.

5.
Major languages that are spoken in diverse cultural contexts are called Correct Answer: global languages.

6.
Concerning research in linguistic anthropology, the "observer's paradox" means

Correct Answer: how speech loses its naturalness due to the fact of being studied.

7.
Dialect usage is clearly affected by Correct Answer: the speaker's social status.

8.
In the U.S. and Canada, a key marker of gender coding in spoken English is Your Answer: women's greater use of tag questions.

9.
The term "linguistic relativism" refers to Your Answer: the belief that all languages are equally competent and complex.

10.
Among the Apache, silence is Correct Answer: used in situations of ambiguous social relationships

11.
Code-switching refers to a linguistic pattern in which a person Correct Answer: shifts from one linguistic code to another depending on the cultural context.

12.
The system of human communication based on arbitrary symbols is a Correct Answer: language.

13.
Displacement is the feature of human language that allows people to Correct Answer: speak of future and past matters.

14.
The capacity for human language to generate an infinite number of efficient messages is called Your Answer: productivity.

15.
Sounds in a language that make a meaningful difference in that language are referred to as Correct Answer: none of the above.

1.
Paralanguage refers to non-verbal communication. Correct Answer: True

2.
Critical media anthropologists study to what degree the media is mind-opening or controlling. Correct Answer: True

3.
Linguistic anthropologists do not study deaf communities because people who are deaf do not have real language. Your Answer: False

4.

The Japanese terms for box lunch, "bentoo" and "obentoo", reflect dialectical differences of the upper and social economic classes. Your Answer: False

5.
According to the textbook, many working women have adopted the "new veiling" in Egypt as a way of communicating their respectability as Islamic women. Correct Answer: True

1.
A first-generation "contact" language is called a __________. Correct Answer: pidgin

2.
In Japan, the length of the kimono sleeve indicates its wearer's __________. Correct Answer: gender

3.
Tok Pisin is a national language of __________. Correct Answer: Papua New Guinea

4.
Within a particular language, an especially rich cluster of related words is referred to as a __________ vocabulary. Correct Answer: focal

5.

__________ occurs when language speakers abandon their language and begin speaking another language. Correct Answer: Language extinction

1.
According to current anthropological thinking, religion is best defined as Correct Answer: beliefs and behavior concerning supernatural beings and powers.

2.
When a person sticks pins in a doll named "Fred" while saying magical spells aimed at harming a real person named Fred, anthropologists call this Correct Answer: imitative magic.

3.
According to cultural materialism, religion Correct Answer: is part of superstructure.

4.
According to anthropologists, the religious role of shaman or shamanka Correct Answer: involves a direct relationship with the supernaturals.

5.
The sense of belonging that develops among pilgrims from diverse backgrounds is called Your Answer: communitas.

6.
The expression of religious beliefs in indirect statements is referred to as Correct Answer: myth.

7.
Magic Correct Answer: is practiced in many contemporary situations of uncertainty.

8.
Which religion was not founded by, or strongly associated with, an historic male? Correct Answer: Hinduism.

9.
An example of a ritual of inversion is Correct Answer: Carnival.

10.
Handling poisonous snakes as part of worship is found in Your Answer: some Christian sects of the eastern United States.

11.
The Islamic Feast of the Sacrifice is an example of a Your Answer: seasonal ritual.

12.
Carnival is associated with which "world religion"? Correct Answer: Christianity.

13.

The Shan of Thailand believe that their tattoos Correct Answer: all of the above.

14.
An example of a life-cycle ritual is Your Answer: a puberty ceremony.

15.
According to cultural materialism, human sacrifice and cannibalism among the ancient Aztecs are best understood Correct Answer: as a way the elite maintain power by providing food for the masses.

1.
A religious specialist chosen primarily on the basis of his or her ability to go into trance and communicate with the supernaturals is called a shaman/ shamanka. Your Answer: True

2.
According to Durkheim, religion functions to create social solidarity. Your Answer: True

3.
The sense of collective unity gained when many diverse people come together on a pilgrimage is called polytheism. Correct Answer: False

4.
Among the Nayar of Kerala, India, fertility rituals reflect the importance of a woman's natal family.

Your Answer: True

5.
Geertz's perspective that religion is primarily a system of power relations that maintains the position of dominant groups. Correct Answer: False

1.
The oldest form of ritual is probably __________. Correct Answer: sacrifice

2.
__________ refers to the situation in which two systems of religious belief or practice blend with each other. Correct Answer: Syncretism

3.
The major geographic region in which cargo cults emerged after World War II is the __________. Correct Answer: South Pacific

4.
The ritual of khatam quran necessitates the creation of __________ within the home. Correct Answer: sacred space

5.
A religion that gives importance to the concept of karma, or fate, is __________. Correct Answer: Hinduism

1.

In contrast to art historians, cultural anthropologists studying art focus on Correct Answer: all of the above.

2.
Anthropological research on the shikhat performers of Morocco shows that shikhat are Correct Answer: all of the above.

3.
Urban architecture emerged with which form of political organization? Your Answer: state.

4.
Material cultural heritage Correct Answer: all of the above.

5.
Cultural anthropologists' analysis of sports tends to interpret them as Your Answer: "microcosms" of the larger society in which they take place.

6.
Kathakali refers to a form of Correct Answer: Indian theater.

7.
Ethno-esthetics Correct Answer: all of the above.

8.
The "Hawai'ian Renaissance" refers to Correct Answer: revitalization of a traditional dance form in Hawaii.

9.
The term for the study of music within a specific culture is Correct Answer: ethno-musicology.

10.
The game of cricket in the Trobriand Islands Correct Answer: is an example of cultural syncretism.

11.
The term for a museum that includes specimens from many cultures is Correct Answer: heterotopic.

12.
A form of architecture associated with pastoralism is the Your Answer: yert. all of the above hammam. Miskit. tapa. Correct Answers: yert.

all of the above

13.
An example of change in Japanese interior design is Correct Answer: all of the above.

14.
In India, the sport of male wrestling is associated with Your Answer: self-control and spiritually-guided discipline, like yoga.

15.
The anthropology of tourism has mainly been concerned with Correct Answer: how Western tourism affects indigenous peoples.

1.
NAGPRA refers to a national act passed by the French government to improve "outreach" of its art museums. Correct Answer: False

2.
Learning how to play the drums did not influence John Chernoff's research in Ghana; it was simply a way to pass the time. Correct Answer: False

3.
Among the Temiar of Malaysia, both economic roles and musical roles of men and women are completely segregated from each other. Correct Answer: False

4.
Michael Cernea has urged the World Bank to approach material cultural heritage preservation from a "do no harm" angle. Correct Answer: False

5.
The subfield of anthropology that studies music cross-culturally is called ethnography. Correct Answer: False

1.
In the country of __________, "wa" is an important concept in how baseball is played. Correct Answer: Japan

2.
A major area of dispute about art in Russia today is whether much of the art currently in museums should be returned to __________. Correct Answer: churches

3.
Compared to other world regions, __________ stands out by relative the absence of flowers in art. Correct Answer: Africa

4.
In contrast to leisure, play is more likely to have formal __________. Correct Answer: rules

5.

The __________ are the ethnic group whose work was appropriated and invisibilized by the Maskit shops in Israel. Correct Answer: Palestinians

1.
One aspect of the argument about the migration of laborers from Haiti to the Dominican Republic to cut cane is Correct Answer: whether or not the migration is undertaken voluntarily.

2.
A distinguishing feature of the "new immigration" is Correct Answer: all of the above.

3.
Among Salvadoran immigrants to Long Island, Correct Answer: low-wage work that other Americans are unwilling to do is mainly the kind of work that Salvadorans can get.

4.
In Los Angeles, Korean immigrants face the major problem of Correct Answer: relationships with other racial and ethnic groups.

5.
Religion has played an important role in the adaptation to life in the U.S. of which "new immigrant" group? Correct Answer: all of the above.

6.
The process by which immigrants help bring and settle relatives and friends is called

Correct Answer: chain migration.

7.
Anthropological research shows that refugees have a more difficult time adapting to a new location when they Correct Answer: have had to spend a long period in relocation camps.

8.
Migrants from rural areas to cities often experience which negative health effect? Your Answer: hypertension.

9.
In migration studies, the "push-pull" theory refers to Correct Answer: the attraction of migrating from rural to urban areas.

10.
The UN provision for the "right of return" applies to Your Answer: refugees who wish to return to their homeland.

11.
Asian women are the fastest growing category of Correct Answer: labor migrants.

12.
Development-induced displacement Correct Answer: all of the above

13.
Transnational migration Correct Answer: affects the migrant's sense of identity and citizenship.

14.
The Hakka maintain their way of life by Correct Answer: maintaining contact through e-mail and web sites.

15.
An example of an immigrant group that has faced persecution and discrimination in their home areas is the Correct Answer: all of the above.

1.
A girl who attends boarding school is considered an institutional migrant. Correct Answer: True

2.
In Lebanon, Palestinian refugees are able to become citizens, work, and own land. Your Answer: False

3.
People in the armed forces are not considered migrants because they are based in one location. Your Answer: False

4.
Internally displaced persons are the fastest-growing category of displaced people.

Correct Answer: True

5.
According to what is called the "lifeboat mentality," the United Nations should take more responsibility for providing asylum for political refugees, Your Answer: False

1.
Migrants who are forced to relocate are termed __________. Correct Answers: displaced persons refugees

2.
A major challenge facing Soviet Jewish immigrants to the United States is finding __________ that is commensurate with their experience. Correct Answer: employment

3.
The continuous labor migration of a person from one place to another and then back is termed __________ migration. Correct Answer: circular

4.
__________ are economic transfers of money from migrants to their families back home. Correct Answer: Remittances

5.

Most Khmer refugees who left Kampuchea practiced the religion of __________ at the time of their escape. Correct Answer: Buddhism

1.
In contrast to traditional, long-term research in cultural anthropology, development anthropology often uses special research methods such as Correct Answer: participatory research methods.

2.
As a percentage of the world's population, indigenous peoples count for roughly Correct Answer: five percent.

3.
A major multilateral development organization is Correct Answer: all of the above.

4.
When reforestation projects in Haiti were failing, an anthropologist was consulted and was able to offer useful advice concerning Correct Answer: the problem of sociocultural fit.

5.
Women's organizations for change Your Answer: have been successful in increasing women's access to credit.

6.
The stated purpose of the Green Revolution was to increase

Correct Answer: levels of food production.

7.
"Indigenous people's development" seeks Correct Answer: rights to resources.

8.
Cultural assessment is a major step in what type of development? Correct Answer: distributional development.

9.
A critical perspective on large dam construction in the Philippines sees this kind of development project as Correct Answer: all of the above.

10.
The method that seeks to involve people in the "target area" in planning and evaluating a development project is called Correct Answer: participatory research.

11.
The transfer of an idea or practice from one culture to another is referred to as Correct Answer: diffusion.

12.
The approach in anthropology that seeks to make ongoing development projects more culturally suitable and sensitive is Correct Answer: traditional development anthropology.

13.
Development anthropologists were first hired to work in which phase of the project cycle? Correct Answer: project evaluation.

14.
The Euro-American notion about how progress comes from the application of science and technology is linked to the model of social change called Correct Answer: modernization.

15.
The case of "snowmobiles for the Saami" revealed Correct Answer: the importance of performing a social impact assessment before introducing new technology.

1.
The World Bank's requirements that borrowing (poor) countries divert spending away from social programs such as education and health are called social impact assessments. Your Answer: False

2.
The state of Kerala, India, offers an example of success in terms of the growth approach to development. Your Answer: False

3.
International development projects always have a positive effect on human rights. Your Answer: False

4.
Cultural anthropologists are replacing a synchronic study of culture with a diachronic approach. Correct Answer: True

5.
The "male bias" in development planning and projects refers to the tendency for development experts to focus on males as beneficiaries of projects. Correct Answer: True

1.
According to the textbook, a major issue facing indigenous people in Nigeria is __________ destruction. Correct Answer: environmental

2.
__________ is the attempt, through planning and intervention, to bring the benefits of modernization to countries. Correct Answer: Development

3.
The promotion of HYV (high yielding variety) seeds is associated with the __________ revolution. Correct Answer: green

4.
The approach to development that emphasizes the need for socially equitable benefits is called __________ development. Correct Answer: distributive

5.

Thus far, outside attempts to get highland peoples of Thailand to stop growing __________ as a major cash crop have been largely unsuccessful. Correct Answer: opium

The correct answer for each question is indicated by a . 1CORRECT A group with a foraging economy is most likely going to have which type of sociopolitical organization? A)band B)tribe C)chiefdom D)state E)it varies Feedback: Correct. A group with a foraging economy is most likely to be organized as a band. 2INCORRECT In a society organized as a band, what is probably the only group(s) significant to its members? A)the band B)nuclear family C)band and sodalities D)extended family and sodalities E)nuclear family and band Feedback: Incorrect. In a band society, the only groups significant to its members are the nuclear family and the band. 3CORRECT All of the following are true about bands, except: A)Bands have no methods of social control or dispute settlement. B)Thefts are uncommon. C)Bands lack formal law. D)Bands are egalitarian with regard to power and authority. E)Bands are impermanent. Feedback: Correct. Bands do have social methods of control and dispute settlement, although there is no formal system of law. 4INCORRECT Which of the following strategy or strategies are available to a man in Inuit society who feels wronged? A)He could try and kill the rival. B)He could call in the police.

C)He could challenge the rival to a song battle. D)He could try and kill the rival or he could call in the police. E)He could try and kill the rival or he could challenge the rival to a song battle. Feedback: Incorrect. This is only one of his available options. 5INCORRECT All of the following about the Yanomami are true, except that the: A)Yanomami are horticulturalists. B)The only leadership position is the village head. C)The Yanomami village head has the right to issue orders. D)The Yanomami village head must lead in generosity. E)Yanomami villagers who grow dissatisfied with their village head leave the village. Feedback: Incorrect. The Yanomami are horticulturalists. 6INCORRECT Which of the following statements about a big man is true? A)Big men exist among the Yanomami. B)The big man had authority among several villages. C)Only certain men in a society are permitted to achieve the status of a big man. D)The big man usually has less wealth than his neighbors. E)The big man is the Polynesian equivalent to the Yanomami village head. Feedback: Incorrect. Village heads exist among the Yanomami. 7INCORRECT All of the following statements about the Nuer are true, except: A)The Nuer practice a segmentary lineage organization. B)Among the Nuer, leopard-skin men help to settle disputes. C)A Nuer male has a constant group of allies. D)The closer the relationship in terms of patrilineal descent, the greater the mutual support. E)All of the above are true. Feedback: Incorrect. The Nuer practice a segmentary lineage organization. 8INCORRECT All of the following are organizational practices or offices that can have regional influence, except: A)segmentary lineage organization B)pantribal sodalities C)big men

D)age sets E)All of the practices or offices on this list have regional influence. Feedback: Incorrect. A segmentary lineage organization does have regional influence. 9INCORRECT All of the following groups were discussed in the textbook as having pantribal sodalities, except: A)Native Americans of the Central Plains of the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries B)Basseri C)Masai D)Mende E)All of the above had pantribal sodalities. Feedback: Incorrect. The Mende have pantribal sodalities. 10INCORRECT Early states emerged in all of the following locations, except: A)Mesoamerica B)northern China C)Mesopotamia D)Caribbean E)Indus Valley Feedback: Incorrect. Early states did emerge in Mesoamerica. 11INCORRECT All of the following are typical features of chiefdoms, except: A)differential access to resources B)part-time political specialists C)They are best known ethnographically from Polynesia. D)social relations based primarily on kinship, marriage, descent, age, generation, and gender E)chiefly redistribution Feedback: Incorrect. Chiefdoms do have differential access to resources. 12INCORRECT Which of the following social features is unique to state organization? A)kinship B)prestige C)differential access to resources D)stratification

E)nuclear family Feedback: Incorrect. Kinship is practiced in all human societies. 13INCORRECT All of the following are typical features of most states, except: A)judges B)big men C)full-time religious practitioners D)permanent military E)taxation Feedback: Incorrect. States have judges. 14INCORRECT A group with a pastoral economy is likely to be organized as a: A)state B)chiefdom C)tribe D)state or chiefdom E)chiefdom or tribe Feedback: Incorrect. A group with an agricultural economy is likely to be organized as a chiefdom or tribe. 15INCORRECT Examples of monuments constructed by chiefdoms include all of the following, except: A)Stonehenge B)earthen mounds of the southeastern United States C)temple at Teotihuican, Mexico D)temples of Hawai'i E)All of the above are monuments built by chiefdoms. Feedback: Incorrect. Stonehenge is a monument that was built by a chiefdom.

The correct answer for each question is indicated by a . 1INCORRECT Old people or invalids among the Inuit who wished to die would ask a shaman to end their lives. A)True B)False Feedback: Incorrect. Old people or invalids among the Inuit who wished to die would ask a member of their family to end their lives so there would be no lingering blood feud after their death. 2INCORRECT Native

Americans of the Central Plains of the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries had pantribal sodalities that emphasized healing and ritual. A)True B)False Feedback: Incorrect. Native Americans of the Central Plains of the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries had pantribal sodalities that celebrated militarism. 3INCORRECT The first states emerged in the New World about 5,500 years ago. A)True B)False Feedback: Incorrect. The first states emerged in the Old World about 5,500 years ago. 4INCORRECT Since 1945, about 85 percent of the world's armed conflicts have been between states. A)True B)False Feedback: Incorrect. Since 1945, about 85 percent of the world's armed conflicts have been within states. 5CORRECT A frequent source of quarrels among both the Nuer and the Inuit is adultery. A)True B)False Feedback: Correct.

Your Results:
1 NOT GRADED Why does the textbook say that sociopolitical organization is more preferable than political organization for discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives, especially when discussing bands and tribes? Your Answer: a Feedback: In bands and tribes it is difficult to characterize an act or event as political rather than merely social.) 2 NOT GRADED Why do some anthropologists feel that modern hunter-gatherers may not be very representative of Stone Age foragers? Your Answer: a Feedback: The argument is that most modern hunter-gatherers that anthropologists have studied are incorporated into the world system to some degree, and in some cases the hunter-gatherers may be linked to food producers for generations. 3 NOT GRADED Why does the textbook emphasize that categories such as band, tribe, chiefdom, and state are "ideal types"? Your Answer: a Feedback: These are labels that make social contrasts seem sharper than they really are. In reality there is a continuum from tribe to chiefdom to state and some societies might mix features that the "ideal types" would claim belong to only one category. 4 NOT GRADED What distinguishes an archaic state from a modern state? Your Answer: a Feedback: An archaic state is earlier and is usually based on agriculture while modern states are based on an industrial economy. 5 NOT GRADED Recently in Kuwait a measure was rejected that would have given women the right to vote and to run for parliament. In the textbook, one person was quoted as offering opposition to this measure. What was their reason and how is it connected to the Kuwaiti diwaniya? Your Answer: a Feedback: A teenager argued that since women are not permitted in the diwaniya, where political and social connections are made, they might not have the clout to be an effective representative.

age set Group uniting all men or women born during a certain time span; this group controls property and often has political and military functions. big man Regional figure often found among tribal horticulturalists and pastoralists. The big man occupies no office but creates his reputation through entrepreneurship and generosity to others. Neither his wealth nor his position passes to his heirs. chiefdom Form of sociopolitical organization intermediate between the tribe and the state; kin-based with differential access to resources and a permanent political structure. A rank society in which relations among villages as well as among individuals are unequal, with smaller villages under the authority of leaders in larger villages; has a two-level settlement hierarchy. differential access Unequal access to resources; basic attribute of chiefdoms and states. Superordinates have favored access to such resources, while the access of subordinates is limited by superordinates. fiscal Pertaining to finances and taxation. head, village A local leader in a tribal society who has limited authority, leads by example and persuasion, and must be generous. law A legal code, including trial and enforcement; characteristic of state-organized societies. office Permanent political position. power The ability to exercise one's will over others-to do what one wants; the basis of political status. prestige Esteem, respect, or approval for acts, deeds, or qualities considered exemplary. segmentary lineage organization (SLO) Political organization based on descent, usually patrilineal, with multiple descent segments that form at different genealogical levels and function in different contexts. sodality See pantribal sodality. state (nation-state) Complex sociopolitical system that administers a territory and populace with substantial contrasts in occupation, wealth, prestige, and power. An independent, centrally organized political unit; a government. A form of social and political organization with a formal, central government and a division of society into classes. stratification Characteristic of a system with socioeconomic strata, sharp social divisions based on unequal access to wealth and power; see stratum. subordinate The lower, or underprivileged, group in a stratified system. superordinate The upper, or privileged, group in a stratified system. tribe Form of sociopolitical organization usually based on horticulture or pastoralism. Socioeconomic stratification and centralized rule are absent in tribes, and there is no means of enforcing political decisions. wealth All a person's material assets, including income, land, and other types of property; the basis of economic status.