UDC 624( 083.

75)
SOUTti AFRICAN BUREAU O STANDARDS F STANDARDIZED SPECIFICATION
for

SABS 1200 DA-1988 ( A s amended 1990)

CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

DA : EARTHWORKS (SMALL WORKS)

Approved by the COUNCIL O 1HE F SOUTti AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS cm 8 June 1980

O b t a i n a b l e from t h e SA BI!REAU OF STAf4UAHDS P i - i v a t e Bag X I 9 1 Pi-etor i R no01 RqpuD1 i c o f Srvil h A f r i c a

lel egranis : Coinparator. P i e toi-ia Telex : 321308SA Fax 3441568

Published and print,ed i n the Republic o f South Aft-ica by the South A f r i c a n Bureau o f Standards ISBN 0-626-08064-9

Gr 10

3
CON rENTS

SABS 1200 DA-1988 Earthworks (small works)

C1 ause .
1.

Page . SCOPE

number
5

2.

2.1 2.2 2.3

Suppot-tiny S p e c i f i c a t i o n s A p p l i c a t i o n ........................................................ U e f i n i t i o r i s ........................................................ MATERIALS .......................................................... C l a s s i f i c a t i o n f o r Excavation Purposes Mr?thod o f c l a s s i f y i n g Classes of excavation .............................................. Embankments and B a c k f i l l Gerieral Areas s u b j e c t t o road loads

.............................................................. INTERPRETATIONS ....................................................

..........................................

5 5

5
5
5 5 5 6 6 6 6

3.

3 1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2

4. 4.1 4.2.

5.
5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.1.7 5.1.8 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6
6. 6.1 6.2

............................. .............................................. ........................................... ............................................................ ........................................ PLANT .............................................................. Excavation P l a n t ................................................... Transport .......................................................... CONSTRUCTION ....................................................... Precautions ........................................................ Safety ............................................................. P r o t e c t i o n o f s t r u c t u r e s ........................................... E x c i s t i n g s e r v i c e s ................................................. Stormwater and groundwater ......................................... Excessive p o l l u t i o n ................................................ Excavated m a t e r i a l n o t t o endanger o r i n t e r f e r e .................... Reinstatement and mai ritenance o f roads ............................. Road t r a f f i c c o n t r o l ............................................... Methods and Procedures ............................................. Si.te p r e p a r a t i o n ................................................... Excavation ......................................................... P l a c i n g ............................................................ Compaction ......................................................... F i n i s h i n g ..........................................................
Transport f o r earthworks

6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

...........................................

TOLERANCES ......................................................... Degree of Accuracy Permissible Deviations

.................................................
.............................................

7.1 7.2 7.3

TESTING E x p l o r a t o r y Holes .................................................. Taking arid T e s t i n g o f Samples M a t e r i a l o r Compaction Standard n o t t o S p e c i f i c a t i o n

............................................................

......................................

...............

8. 8.1 8.2

8.3

MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT Basic Principles Computatioti o f Q ~ i a n t i t i e s.......................................... Scheduled Items

............................................ ................................................... ....................................................

DRAW I NGS

11 11 11 11

Drawing D-1 Urawing 0-2 APPENDIX A .

Bill

Classes o f Excavation : Measurement and Payment .................... k arid R e s t t i c t e d Excavation Measurement .........................

13 14

APPLICABLE STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
.

___

__. .. . .

Second Rev1 s i o i i June 1988 l n c o r p o r a t i n y Amendment N . 1 : 2 3 August 1990 o T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n supersedes SABS 1200 DA-1982
L .. .

___

5
SOUTH AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS STANDARDIZED SPECIFICATION for C I V I L ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION DA : EARTHWORKS (SMALL WORKS)
1.
1.1
SCOPE

SABS 1200 DA-1988 Earthworks ( s m a l l works)

T h i s s p e c i f i c a t on c o v e r s t h e minimum r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r e a r t h w o r k s f o r l i m i t e d t e r r a c i n g ( s u c h as may be r e q u i r e d f o r a s i n g l e s p o r t s f i e l d o r an embankment round a medium-sized a p p r o x i m a t e l y 10 M a ) r e s e r v o i r ) and f o r s h o r t l e n g t h s o f c u t and f i l l o p e r a t i o n s ( s u c h as s h o r t o r m i n o r roads o r r a i l w a y s i d i n g s ) and f o r t h e excav a t i o n , d i s p o s a and b a c k f i l l i n g o f f o u n d a t i o n s f o r i s o l a t e d s t r u c t u r e s ( s u c h as b r i d g e s , b u i l d i gs, pump sumps, manholes, c a t c h p i t s and t h e l i k e ) . I t c o v e r s s a f e t y and D r o t e c t i o n . c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f m a t e r i a l based on t h e assumption t h a t t h e masnit u d e ' o f t h e work i s such t h a t o n l y p l a n t o f moderate s i z e ( s u c h as t h a t s p e c i f y e d i n 3.1.2) i s used, and moderate compaction. NOTE: The s t a n d a r d s r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n a r e l i s t e d i n Appendix A. INTERPRETATIONS SUPPORTING SPECIFICATIONS. Where t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n i s r e q u i r e d f o r a p r o j e c t , t h e f o l l o w i n g s p e c i f i c a t i o n s s h a l l , i n t e r a l i a , f o r m p a r t o f t h e c o n t r a c t document (NOTE: Items ( b ) - ( d ) b e l o w may o r may n o t b e bound i n t h e document): a) Project specification; b ) SABS 1200 A o r SABS 1200 AA, as a p p l i c a b l e ; c ) SABS 1200 C, i f a p p l i c a b l e ; d ) SABS 1200 DK, i f a p p l i c a b l e . APPLICATION. T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n i s s u i t a b l e f o r p r o j e c t s o f such a n a t u r e t h a t t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f SABS 1200 D, which d e a l s more comprehensively w i t h t h e same operat i o n s , i s n o t warranted. This s p e c i f i c a t i o n c o n t a i n s clauses t h a t are g e n e r a l l y a p p l i c a b l e t o earthworks. I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s o f and v a r i a t i o n s t o t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n a r e s e t o u t i n P o r t i o n 2 o f the project specification. DEFINITIONS. F o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n t h e d e f i n i t i o n s and abbrev i a t i o n s g i v e n i n SABS 1200 A o r SABS 1200 AA, as r e l e v a n t , and t h e f o l l o w i n g d e f i n i t i o n s s h a l l apply: B a c k f i l l . Approved m a t e r i a l p l a c e d i n an e x c a v a t i o n a f t e r s p e c i f i e d o p e r a t i o n s have been performed. Borrow. M a t e r i a l o b t a i n e d f r o m v a r i o u s s o u r c e s such as b o r r o w p i t s and approvea o r ordered widening o f excavations. Borrow p i t . An e x c a v a t i o n made f o r t h e procurement o f m a t e r i a l . Catchwater d r a i n . An open d r a i n o r mound i n t e n d e d t o i n t e r c e p t w a t e r and t o l e a d i t t o s u i t a b l e discharge p o i n t s . Freehaul. Haul o f which t h e c o s t i s i n c l u d e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e d r a t e f o r t h e m a t e r i a l h a u l e d and t h a t i s n o t measured s e p a r a t e l y (see 5.2.6.1 and 8.3.3). Overbreak. E x c a v a t i o n c a r r i e d o u t i n excess o f t h e t h e o r e t i c a l o r d i r e c t e d p r o f i l e . Overhaul. Haul i n excess o f f r e e h a u l and measured s e p a r a t e l y (see 5.2.6.2 and

2. 2.1

2.2

2.3

833. ..)

R e s t r i c t e d e x c a v a t i o n . An e x c a v a t i o n so r e s t r i c t e d i n a r e a o r w i d t h as t o p r e c l u d e removal o f m a t e r i a l b y a b u l l d o z e r . S p o i l . U n s u i t a b l e o r excess m a t e r i a l removed ( o r i n t e n d e d t o be removed) t o waste. S t o c k p i l e . A p i l e o f m a t e r i a l t h a t has been s e l e c t e d , loaded, t r a n s p o r t e d and unloaded i n a heap o u t s i d e t h e c o n f i n e s o f a borrow p i t o r o f an e x c a v a t i o n t h a t forms p a r t o f t h e Works. 3. 3.1 3.1.1
MATER I ALS

CLASSIFICATION FOR EXCAVATION PURPOSES The C o n t r a c t o r may use any method he chooses t o e x c a v a t e any Method o f C l a s s i f y i n c l a s s o f m a t e r i a l bu; h i s chosen method o f e x c a v a t i o n s h a l l n o t d e t e r m i n e t h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f the excavation. The Engineer w i l l d e c i d e o n t h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f t h e m a t e r i a l s . The c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w i l l be based on i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e m a t e r i a l t o be excavated and on t h e c r i t e r i a as a p p l i c a b l e . The E n g i n e e r ' s d e c i s i o n s h a l l , s u b j e c t t o t h e given i n 3.1.2(a)-(e), r e l e v a n t p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e c o n t r a c t , be f i n a l and b i n d i n g .

SABS 1200 DA-1988 Earthworks ( s m a l l works)

3.1.2

Classes o f E x c a v a t i o n (see Drawing DA-1). The e x c a v a t i o n o f m a t e r i a l w i l l be c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s f o r purposes o f measurement and payment: a ) S o f t e x c a v a t i o n . S o f t e x c a v a t i o n s h a l l be e x c a v a t i o n i n m a t e r i a l t h a t can be e f f i c i e n t l y removed by a b a c k - a c t i n g e x c a v a t o r o f f l y w h e e l power a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0,lO k p e r m i l l i m e t r e o f t i n e d - b u c k e t w i d t h , w i t h o u t t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f pneumatic W t o o l s such as p a v i n g breakers, o r t h a t can be e f f i c i e n t l y loaded, w i t h o u t p r i o r r i p p i n g o r s t o c k p i l i n g , by a r u b b e r t y r e d t y p e f r o n t - e n d l o a d e r o f mass approximat e l y 15 t and f l y w h e e l power a p p r o x i m a t e l y 100 kW b ) I n t e r m e d i a t e e x c a v a t i o n . I n t e r m e d i a t e e x c a v a t i o n s h a l l be e x c a v a t i o n i n m a t e r i a l t h a t r e q u i r e s a b a c k - a c t i n g e x c a v a t o r o f f l y w h e e l power exceeding 0,lO k p e r W m i l l i m e t r e o f t i n e d - b u c k e t w i d t h o r t h e use o f pneumatic t o o l s b e f o r e removal by l o a d i n g equipment e q u i v a l e n t t o t h a t s p e c i f i e d i n ( a ) above. c ) Hard r o c k e x c a v a t i o n . Hard r o c k e x c a v a t i o n s h a l l be e x c a v a t i o n i n m a t e r i a l t h a t cannot be e f f i c i e n t l y removed w i t h o u t b l a s t i n g o r w i t h o u t wedging and s p l i t t i n g b e f o r e removal. d ) B o u l d e r e x c a v a t i o n C l a s s A. B o u l d e r e x c a v a t i o n C l a s s A s h a l l be e x c a v a t i o n i n m a t e r i a l c o n t a i n i n g more t h a n 40 % by volume o f b o u l d e r s o f s i z e i n t h e range 0,03-20 m3, i n a m a t r i x o f s o f t e r m a t e r i a l o r s m a l l e r b o u l d e r s . E x c a v a t i o n o f s o l i d b o u l d e r s o r lumps o f s i z e exceeding 20 m3 w i l l be c l a s s e d as h a r d r o c k e x c a v a t i o n . E x c a v a t i o n o f f i s s u r e d o r f r a c t u r e d r o c k w i l l n o t be c l a s s e d as b o u l d e r e x c a v a t i o n b u t as h a r d r o c k o r i n t e r m e d i a t e e x c a v a t i o n , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e nature o f the material. e ) B o u l d e r e x c a v a t i o n C l a s s B. B o u l d e r e x c a v a t i o n C l a s s B s h a l l be e x c a v a t i o n o f b o u l d e r s o n l v . which 1) a r e i n a m a t e r i a l c o n t a i n i n g 40 % o r l e s s by volume o f b o u l d e r s o f s i z e i n t h e range o f 0,03-20 m3, i n a m a t r i x o f s o f t e r m a t e r i a l o r s m a l l e r b o u l d e r s , and w h i c h 2) r e q u i r e i n d i v i d u a l d r i l l i n g and b l a s t i n g i n o r d e r t o be l o a d e d by a b a c k - a c t i n g excavator, as s p e c i f i e d i n ( a ) above, o r by a t r a c k t y p e f r o n t - e n d l o a d e r . The e x c a v a t i o n o f t h e r e s t o f t h e m a t e r i a l w i l l be c l a s s e d as s o f t o r i n t e r m e d i a t e excavation, according t o t h e nature o f t h e m a t e r i a l .

3.2 3.2.1

3.2.2

EMBANKMENTS AND BACKfILL General. S u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f 5.2.3, e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l may be used f o r b a c k f i l l p r o v i d e d t h a t i t c o n t a i n s l i t t l e o r no o r g a n i c m a t e r i a l , e x c l u d e s s t o n e s o f average dimension exceeding 150 mm, and can be p l a c e d w i t h o u t s i g n i f i c a n t v o i d s . M a t e r i a l s h a l l be such t h a t i t can be compacted t o c l e n s i t i e s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n o r , i f no such d e n s i t i e s a r e s p e c i f i e d , t h a t i t can be so comp a c t e d as t o a v o i d s e t t l e m e n t exceeding 2 mm p e r m e t r e o f d e p t h o f e x c a v a t i o n . M a t e r i a l c o n t a i n i n g more t h a n 10 % r o c k o r h a r d f r a g m e n t s r e t a i n e d on a s i e v e o f nominal a p e r t u r e s i z e 50 mm and m a t e r i a l c o n t a i n i n g l a r g e c l a y lumps t h a t do n o t break up under t h e a c t i o n o f t h e compaction equipment used w i l l be r e g a r d e d as u n s u i t a b l e f o r use i n b a c k f i l l i n g . Areas S u b j e c t t o Road Loads. Under s u r f a c e d roads and s h o u l d e r s , t h e f i l l s h a l l be o f approved graded m a t e r i a l s h a v i n g a P I n o t exceeding 10 and a minimum CBR o f 10 % a t 9 3 % o f t h e m o d i f i e d AASHTO maximum d e n s i t y . PLANT EXCAVATION PLANT. Although, f o r t h e purpose o f c l a s s i f y i n g e x c a v a t i o n s , p a r t i c u l a r i t e m s of p l a n t a r e s p e c i f i e d i n 3.1, t h e C o n t r a c t o r i s n o t o b l i g e d t o p r o v i d e o r use those p a r t i c u l a r i t e m s o f p l a n t f o r c a r r y i n g out. t h e work. However, s h o u l d t h o s e i t e m s o f p l a n t n o t be f r e e l y a v a i l a b l e i n good w o r k i n g o r d e r on t h e S i t e , t h e Engineer s h a l l be e n t i t l e d t o d e c i d e t h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f m a t e r i a l s and t y p e s o f e x c a v a t i o n on t h e b a s i s o f t h e good-working-order-performance o f t h e i t e m s o f p l a n t p r o v i d e d by t h e C o n t r a c t o r , p r o r a t a t o t h e t h e o r e t i c a l performance o f t h e i t e m s s p e c i f i e d (see 3.1.1.). TRANSPORT. Each v e h i c l e and i t e m o f p l a n t p r o v i d e d by the C o n t r a c t o r f o r t h e movement of m a t e r i a l s s h a l l conform t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e a p p l i c a b l e r o a d t r a f f i c o r d i n a n c e i f t h e v e h i c l e o r i t e m o f p l a n t i s r e q u i r e d t o o p e r a t e o v e r any p u b l i c highway, r o a d o r s t r e e t o r o v e r any p r i v a t e r o a d o r p a r k i n g a r e a t h a t has been s u r f aced. Where any o f the C o n t r a c t o r ' s o p e r a t i o n s o r t h e movement o f any o f t h e C o n t r a c t o r ' s v e h i c l e s o r mobile p l a n t , o r any c o m b i n a t i o n o f such a c t i v i t i e s , causes damage t o t h e s u r f a c e o f any a r e a n o r m a l l y open t o t h e p u b l i c , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l r e p a i r such s u r f a c e as a m a t t e r o f urgency, and a t h i s own expense. CONSTRUCTION PRECAUTIONS Safetv ._ B a r r i c a d i n g and l i g h t i n g . I n terms o f t h e a p p l i c a b l e r e g u l a t i o n o f t h e Machinery and Occupational S a f e t y Act, 1983 ( A c t 6 o f 1983), (every e x c a v a t i o n t h a t i s a c c e s s i b l e t o t h e p u b l i c o r t h a t i s a d j a c e n t t o a p i J b l i c r o a d o r t h o r o u g h f a r e o r by which t h e s a f e t y o f persons may be endangered, s h a l l be

4. 4.1

4.2

5. 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.1.1

SABS 1200 DA-1988 Earthworks (small works) Amendment No. 1 : 23 August 1990

5.1.1.2

5.1.1.3

5.1.2

5.1.3 5.1.4

5.1.5

a) adequately p r o t e c t e d by a b a r r i e r o r fence o f h e i g h t a t l e a s t 1 000 mm and as I c l o s e t o t h e excavation as p r a c t i c a b l e ; and b ) provided w i t h r e d warning l i g h t s a t n i g h t . The Contractor s h a l l employ watchmen t o ensure t h a t barricades and l i g h t s a r e e f f e c t i v e a t a l l times. Safe u a r d i n o f excavations M a c t o r o r h i s agent o r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e appointed i n w r i t i n g s h a l l be deemed t o be and s h a l l be b o t h t h e "excavator" and "a person c o m e t e n t t o i n s p e c t b r a c i n g and shoring" as d e f i n e d and r e q u i r e d i n terms o f t h e Machinery and Occupat i o n a l Safety Act. b) Should t h e depth o f an excavation o r t h e n a t u r e o f t h e m a t e r i a l excavated render t h e sides o f t h e excavation l i a b l e t o movement t h a t might endanger t h e Works o r t h e workmen engaged on t h e Works, 1 ) t h e sides o f t h e excavation s h a l l be supported by s u i t a b l e timber o r o t h e r sheeting w i t h adequate s t r u t s and braces, a1 1 being assembled p r o p e r l y and having s u f f i c i e n t s t r e n g t h and s t i f f n e s s t o prevent movement i n t h e m a t e r i a l s supported; or 2) a l t e r n a t i v e l y , t h e Contractor may, s u b j e c t t o t h e approval o f t h e Engineer, so reduce t h e slope o f t h e excavated face o r faces t h a t any danger t o t h e Works o r t h e s a i d workmen i s removed. c ) The Contractor s h a l l make good any f a l l o f rock o r e a r t h due t o r a i n , floods, i n s u f f i c i e n t t i m b e r i n g o r o t h e r cause, and s h a l l f i l l i n a t h i s own expense any c a v i t i e s so formed as d i r e c t e d o r using means approved by t h e Engineer. d) Without r e l i e v i n g t h e Contractor i n any way o f h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , t h e Engineer may o r d e r a d d i t i o n a l l a t e r a l support f o r , o r t h e s l o p i n g o r r e d u c t i o n o f t h e slope o f , t h e sides o f any excavation. e) During t h e progress o f each excavation, t h e Contractor s h a l l r e p o r t t o t h e Engineer t h e presence o f bedding planes i n c l i n e d towards t h e excavation, seepage water and any o t h e r f e a t u r e t h a t may a f f e c t t h e s t a b i l i t y o f t h e excavation, as soon as t h e presence o f such f e a t u r e ( s ) i s known. f ) A l l t i m b e r i n g and sheeting s h a l l be removed from t h e excavation b e f o r e t h e completion o f t h e work, unless t h e w r i t t e n sanction o f t h e Engineer i s obtained t o a l l o w any p o r t i o n t o remain. Ex l o s l v e s . Should b l a s t i n g b e necessary, t h e Contractor s h a l l t a k e every pre?3&XF5 p r o t e c t t h e Works and persons, anlmals and p r o p e r t y i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e S i t e . The Contractor w i l l be h e l d responsible f o r any i n j u r y o r damage caused by any b l a s t i n g operations and s h a l l , a t h i s own expense, make good such damage. The t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , storage and use o f explosives s h a l l comply w i t h t h e r e q u i r e ments o f t h e Explosives Act, 1956 ( A c t 26 o f 1956), o r with Chapter 9 o f t h e regul a t i o n s published i n terms o f t h e Mines and Works Act, 1956 (Act 27 o f 1956), as a p p l i c a b l e . A copy o f each b l a s t i n g p e r m i t issued t o workmen, and o f each p e r m i t issued t o t h e Contractor t o cover t h e purchase, storage and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f explosives, s h a l l be handed t o t h e Engineer. The Contractor s h a l l g r a n t t h e Engineer access t o a l l records maintained f o r t h e Inspector o f Explosives o r t h e Government Mining Engineer, as t h e case may be. When b l a s t i n g t o s p e c i f i e d p r o f i l e s , t h e Contractor s h a l l so arrange t h e holes and charges t h a t t h e r e s u l t i n g exposed surfaces a r e as sound as t h e nature o f t h e m a t e r i a l p e r m i t s . The Contractor s h a l l make good a t h i s own expense any a d d i t i o n a l excavation necessitated by t h e s h a t t e r i n g o f rock i n excess o f any overbreak allowance s p e c i f i e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n o r i n any earthworks s p e c i f i c a t i o n o r g i v e n on a drawing. P r o t e c t i o n o f S t r u c t u r e s . Where work i s r e q u i r e d t o be c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e p r o x i m i t y C T l 3 G l d i n g s , bridges, tanks o r o t h e r s t r u c t u r e s , t h e Contractor s h a l l t a k e a l l necessary precautions, i n c l u d i n g shoring where necessary, t o ensure t h e s a f e t y o f the structures that are a t r i s k . E x i s t i n g Services. The p r o v i s i o n s o f Subclause 5.4 o f SABS 1200 A o r o f Subclause 5.2 o f SABS 1200 AA, as r e l e v a n t , s h a l l apply i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e requirements regarding e x i s t i n g services g i v e n i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n . Stormwater and Groundwater. The Contractor s h a l l p r o p e r l y deal w i t h and dispose o f water t o ensure t h a t t h e Works a r e kept s u f f i c i e n t l y dry f o r t h e i r proper execution. H i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y w i l l be h e l d t o i n c l u d e t h e p r o v i s i o n o f adequate p r o t e c t i o n against f l o o d i n g and damage by stormwater, f l o w from springs, and seepage, and t o i n c l u d e p r o v i s i o n f o r t h e r e p a i r , a t h i s expense, o f any damage t o t h e Works t h a t may a r i s e as a r e s u l t o f t h e inadequacy o f t h e p r o t e c t i o n provided by him. Except where t h e use o f tremies has been approved, foundation excavations f o r s t r u c t u r e s s h a l l be kept free from water a t a l l times u n t i l they have been inspected and approved and concrete f o o t i n g s have been c a s t . The Contractor s h a l l d r a i n borrow areas t o prevent pools forming. Excessive P o l l u t i o n . The Contractor s h a l l t a k e a l l reasonable measures t o minimize e x c e s s i i G G E T E E a n c e , p o l l u t i o n o f streams and inconvenience .to o r i n t e r f e r e n c e w i t h t h e p u b l i c o r o t h e r s because o f t h e execution o f t h e Works.

SABS 1200 DA-1988 Earthworks (small works)

5.1.6

5.1.7

5.1.8

Excavated M a t e r i a l n o t t o Endan e r o r I n t e r f e r e . A l l excavated m a t e r i a l s h a l l be so -o5&ed as n o t < 7 Z * & m T t h e Works ( f o r example, by causing t h e sides o f an excavation t o c o l l a p s e ) , o t h e r p r o p e r t y o r t r a f f i c . The Engineer may o r d e r t h e Contractor t o remove any m a t e r i a l t h a t t h e Engineer considers l i a b l e t o endanger o r t o i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e Works, p r i v a t e property, t r a f f i c o r pedestrians, and t o p l a c e such m a t e r i a l a t some o t h e r approved l o c a t i o n . I f t h e necessity f o r such removal i s , i n t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e Engineer, a r e s u l t o f some f a u l t on t h e p a r t o f t h e Contractor, t h e c o s t o f removal s h a l l b e borne by t h e Contractor, b u t otherwise i t w i l l be borne b y t h e Employer. A l l m a t e r i a l t h a t i s u n s u i t a b l e o r n o t r e q u i r e d f o r b a c k f i l l i n g s h a l l be removed from t h e S i t e and spread, as ordered, on areas designated by t h e Engineer. Reinstatement and Maintenance o f Roads. The Contractor s h a l l r e i n s t a t e and m a i n t a i n F F Z r f a c e s o f a l l roadways through which trenches o r o t h e r excavations have been made. Should any subsidence occur a t t h e s i t e o f such t r e n c h o r o t h e r excavation, t h e Contractor s h a l l immediately r e s t o r e t h e road surface t o i t s c o r r e c t l e v e l . Where immediate r e s t o r a t i o n i s impracticable, t h e Contractor s h a l l p r o v i d e b a r r i cading, l i g h t i n g and o t h e r safeguards i n terms o f 5.1.1 u n t i l r e s t o r a t i o n i s complete. Road T r a f f i c Control. Where t h e work a f f e c t s t h e o p e r a t i o n o r s a f e t y o f p u b l i c road t F Z f P i h X 6 i i t E t o r s h a l l provide, e r e c t and main a i n t r a f f i c signs t h a t conform t o t h e South A f r i c a n road t r a f f i c signs manual1 and such barricades and warning l i g h t s as a r e ordered.

5.2 5.2.1. 5.2.2

5.2.3
5.2.3.1

METHODS AND PROCEDURES S i t e Preparation. Shrubs, bush, stumps and d e b r i s s h a l l be removed completely from t h e s i t e . T r s s h a l l be uprooted as ordered and s i m i l a r l y removed. M a t e r i a l t o be removed s h a l l be disposed o f t o designated s i t e s by t h e Contractor. Excavation V R T G E i n area has been cleared and, i f required, t h e t o p s o i l removed, excavation s h a l l be c a r r i e d o u t f i r s t t o any general l e v e l s t o which t h e ground has t o be reduced and a f t e r t h a t f o r foundations, footings, etc., t o t h e depths i n d i c a t e d o r t o such g r e a t e r depths as may be ordered o r approved t o ensure s a t i s f a c t o r y foundations, f o o t i n g s , e t c . b ) Except where otherwise s p e c i f i e d , shown on t h e drawings, ordered o r d i c t a t e d by t h e requirements f o r safeguarding, excavation s h a l l be so c a r r i e d o u t and so trimmed t o t h e o u t l i n e o f t h e concrete work shown on the! drawings t h a t t h e excavated surfaces w i l l a c t as forms f o r t h e concrete work. c ) Each excavated surface on which o r a g a i n s t which a permanent concrete s t r u c t u r e w i l l be placed s h a l l be trimmed t o ensure t h a t t h e r e i s no p r o j e c t i o n o u t s l d e t h e s p e c i f i e d tolerances i n t o t h e excavation p r o f i l e . Such surface s h a l l be cleaned by hand o r by a i r o r o t h e r e f f e c t i v e means t o remove a l l loose m a t e r i a l . Where r e q u i r e d f o r subsequent b a c k f i l l i n g against s t r u c t u r e s , excavated m a t e r i a l s h a l l be temporarily stockpiled. d) Immediately b e f o r e any permanent c o n s t r u c t i o n i s commenced, t h e bottom o f each excavation s h a l l be cleaned o f a l l loose m a t e r i a l and s o f t m a t e r i a l s h a l l b e rammed o r removed as r e q u i r e d by t h e Engineer. e) Should t h e Contractor excavate t o dimensions i n excess o f those s t i p u l a t e d o r permitted, he s h a l l f i l l i n t h e excess a t h i s own expense i n t h e manner s p e c i f i e d o r approved by t h e Engineer. f ) Borrow p i t s where and when ordered s h a l l b e so maintained t h a t they do n o t become a danger t o persons and l i v e s t o c k . Topsoil and overburden s h a l l be stockp i l e d t e m p o r a r i l y and r e t u r n e d t o and spread over t h e area o f t h e borrow p i t on completion o f t h e work i n such a manner t h a t t h e sides a r e graded 1 : 2 and t h e f l o o r i s s e l f - d r a i n i n g , o r otherwise as d i r e c t e d and, t h e r e a f t e r , any access constructed by t h e Contractor s h a l l b e s c a r i f i e d and t h e area r e i n s t a t e d . g ) Excavated surfaces t h a t w i l l remain permanently expo!;ed s h a l l be f i n i s h e d o f f i n a neat and workman1 ike manner and s h a l l be graded as shown on t h e drawings t o provide adequate drainage. P1 -- . no . . ar i..3 m f i e n t s . Where approved materlal from excavations ij i n s u f f i c i e n t t o form &%@KE?Fembankments, t h e c o n t r a c t o r s h a l l , unl es; otherwise ordered, o b t a i n t h e a d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l as d i r e c t e d from borrow p i t s a t s i t e s approved by t h e Engineer. 0 Only m a t e r i a l t h a t a) has been obtained from excavations o r borrow p i t s o r both, b ) i s f r e e from stumps, t r e e s , rubbish and o t h e r deletet-ious m a t e r i a l s , and c ) has been approved, s h a l l be placed i n t h e lower l a y e r s o f an embankment. aiid m a t e r i a l o f t h e same o r b e t t e r q u a l i t y s h a l l be placed i n t h e upper p o r t i o n o f ,311 embankment. Where i t i s necessary t o use c l a y o r clayey m a t e r i a l , t q e Engineer may d i r e c t t h a t such m a t e r i a l be placed n o t l e s s than 1 m and n o t more than 6 m below t h e f i n i s h e d surface. Rock having a maximum dimension exceeding 600 mm s h a l l not be p l a c e d a t t h e base of an embankment.

SABS 1200 DA-1988 Earthworks (small works)

The material of each embankment shall, unless otherwise approved, be deposited in layers of thickness, before compaction, not exceeding 300 mm The material shall be spread to form a layer that is approximately of uniform thickness, and graded over the whole area of the embankment. Each layer shall be compacted at OMC to the specified density. The Contractor shall ensure that stormwater will at all times be discharged uniformly over the full area of each embankment or through specially prepared and protected drainage ditches to prevent scouring of the slopes. Restricted backfill and compaction at structures. No backfilling shall be commenced 5.2.3.2 until permission to do so has been given by the Engineer. Where filling is to be placed against or around a structure, such filling shall be placed and shall be compacted (whether it be backfilling or embankment) simultaneously on both sides of the structure to minimize unequal loading. Where the use of conventional compaction plant close to a structure i not s possible, the material to be compacted shall be spread i n loose layers of thickness not exceeding 250 mm and compacted by means of mechanical tampers to at least the density specified for that particular zone. Compaction. The material used in the fill shall be compacted at OMC to at least 5.2.4 90 % of modified AASHTO maximum density. Should the material be too wet, owing to rain or any other cause, it shall be harrowed and allowed to dry out to the correct moisture content before compaction is undertaken. Finish in 5.2.5 Final griding. On completion of earthworks to the finished level and of backfilling 5.2.5.1 of all holes, trenches and the like, the whole surface shall be graded, shaped and compacted to final grades and levels. The surface shall be lightly watered as the Engineer may direct. Topsoilin . Where scheduled, topsoil shall be placed on level and slightly graded 5.2.5.2 areas a d s a l n'hl be lightly ccmpacted by wheeled vehicles or by tamping, and trimmed neatly to the required lines, grades and levels. The final thickness of topsoil after compaction shall be at least 75 mm 5.2.5.3 Grass or other vegetation. Where and as scheduled, grass or other vegetation shall be planted after topsoiling has been completed. On completion of planting, the planted area shall be neatly trimmed and well watered. The Contractor shall ensure that the planted areas are not permitted to dry out. Any grass or other vegetation that fails to grow shall be replaced by the Contractor, at his expense, with fresh grass or other vegetation or seed, as appropriate, until satisfactory cover i obtained. s Pitchin of surfs=. On completion of final grading in terms of 5.2.5.1, 5.2.5.4 sec* shall, where so scheduled, be pitched with stone or other materials of the type and in the manner shown on the drawings and specified in SABS 1200 DK. 5.2.5.5 Gabions. Where scheduled, gabions shall be constructed to the details and in the manner specified in SABS 1200 DK. 5.2.6 Transport for Earthworks Freehaul 5.2.6.1 a) All haul of material imported from commercial sources or from borrow pits selected by the Contractor will be regarded as freehaul. b) Provided that, where applicable, 1) the drawings clearly show the boundaries of the area within which the whole of the work (including borrowing and spoiling) i to be carried out and this area s does not exceed 1,5 km x 1,5 km; 2) the drawings or mass diagrams (or both) clearly show the distances end quantities to be moved in a series of cut and fill operations (including borrowing and spoiling) within a prescribed servitude, wayleave or reserve; 3) the drawings clearly show the location and distances of all excavations and designated borrow pits, embankments to be formed and disposal areas, as relevant; and provided that freehaul distances have not been specifically stated elsewhere in the contract documents, all haul, in addition to that of (a) above, will be regarded as freehaul. In the case of any of the applicable provisions listed in (b)(l)-(3) above for which information has not been given, and provided that no other freehaul distance has been specified elsewhere in the contract documents, the freehaul distance within which the Contractor will be required to move material without separate compensation shall be 0,5 km 5.2.6.2 Overhaul. Transportation of all excavated material beyond the freehaul distances will be regarded as overhaul. Overhaul will be classified as either limited overhaul, or limited overhaul plus long overhaul (see 8.3.3) based on the following ranges:

Distance beyond the end of the applicable freehaul by the shortest practicable route Limited overhaul: Long overhaul:

.................................................. ..................................... remainder o f

first 0,5 km overhaul distance

The Contractor shall not incur overhaul expenses without prior approval.

SABS 1200 DA-1988 Earthworks ( s m a l l works) 6. 6.1 6.2

10

TOLERANCES DEGREE OF ACCURACY. The work s h a l l be f i n i s h e d t o Degree o f Accuracy 1 1 1 . PERMISSIBLE D E V I A T I O N S . The p e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s (I'D) ( s e e Clause 6 o f SABS 1200 A o r SABS 1200 AA, as a p p l i c a b l e ) s h a l l b e w i t h i n t h e a p p r o p r i a t e o f t h e following limits: P e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n (PC Degree o f Accuracy 111 I1

I
mm

mm
a ) Terraces and embankments 1 ) P o s i t i o n o f t o p edge o f t e r r a c e + PD f r o m d e s i g n a t e d p o s i t i o n o f any p o i n t , measured f r o m nearest g r i d l i n e 2 ) Alignment o f t o p edge o f t e r r a c e ' PD f r o m a l i n e j o i n i n g any t w o p o i n t s 30 m a p a r t on t o p edge o f t e r r a c e 3 ) Finished l e v e l s PD f r o m d e s i g n a t e d l e v e l s w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o n e a r e s t t r a n s f e r r e d bench mark 4 ) Slopes o f t o p s u r f a c e s PD f r o m d i r e c t i o n o f s l o p e
PD f r o m r a t e o f f a l l : 1 i n l o o t o 1 i n 300 1 i n 400 and f l a t t e r

mm

................................................

2 450

..................................................
................................................ .......................................

f 200 f 150
nil
j,

%
20 10

%
* *

.......................................... ..........................................
<

mm
2 50 2 75

mm
A

b ) Excavations f o r s t r u c t u r a l foundations 1 ) P o s i t i o n on p l a n PD i n p l a n o f anv o o i n t measured f r o m t h e n e a r e s t a r i d 1 ne 2 ) Dimensions o n - p i a n PD f r o m t h e d e s i g n dimensions 3 ) F o u n d a t i o n l e v e l ( i . e . l e v e l o f u n d e r s i d e o f c o n c r e t e excep f l o o r slab) PD i n l e v e l o f s u r f a c e o f e x c a v a t i o n trimmed t o r e c e i v e concrete

..........................

.. ... ..... ... ..... ...

.

4)

...............................................

2 75 2 20

J ;

PD f r o m designed l e v e l w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e n e a r e s t t r a n s f e r r e d bench mark o f any f l o o r s l a b

.........................

c ) Compacting m o i s t u r e and d e n s i t y t e s t i n g 1) The PD f r o m OMC a t t h e t i m e o f compaction s h a l l be 2 2 % 2 ) The PD f r o m s p e c i f i e d AASHTO d e n s i t i e s when m a t e r i a l s a r e t e s t e d a t OMC s h a l l b e w i t h no t o p l i m i t . "As s t a t e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n , i f r e q u i r e d . + S u b j e c t t o t h e b r e a k l i n e between i n t e r s e c t i n g s l o p e s b e i n g a c c e p t a b l y s t r a i g h t . 7. 7.1
TESTING

0 %

EXPLORATORY HOLES. To determine f o u n d i n a c o n d i t i o n s 01" f o r o t h e r DurDoses. t h e Engineer may r e q u i r e t h e C o n t r a c t o r t o Grill, auger o r e x c a v a t e h o l e s i n advance of t h e s t a r t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n . When so r e q u e s t e d by t h e Engineer, t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e labour, t o o l s , machinery and equipment f o r s i n k i n g such e x p l o r a t o r y h o l e s and f o r r e f i l l i n g them. Such o p e r a t i o n s w i l l be p a i d as daywork. TAKING AND TESTING OF SAMPLES. The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l c a r r y o u t s u f f i c i e n t t e s t s t o s a t i s f y h i m s e l f about t h e c o n s i s t e n c y o f m a t e r i a l s pliaced i n embankments and as b a c k f i l l t o s t r u c t u r e s . Check t e s t s w i l l b e c a r r i e d o u t by t h e Engineer and t h e r e s u l t s made a v a i l a b l e t o t h e C o n t r a c t o r . MATERIAL OR COMPACTION STANDARD NOT TO SPECIFICATION. The E n g i n e e r may c a r r y o u t such check t e s t s as he deems necessary, a t any d e p t h o r on any l a y e r . Where t h e E n g i n e e r ' s t e s t s r e v e a l t h a t t h e m a t e r i a l used does n o t comply w i t h t h e a p p l i c a b l e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n , o r t h a t t h e compaction s p e c i f i e d has n o t been a t t a i n e d , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l so r e c t i f y t h e work t h a t t h e m a t e r i a l c o m p l i e s w i t h t h e s a i d r e q u i r e m e n t s and t h e compaction s p e c i f i e d i s a t t a i n e d .

7.2

7.3

11

SABS 1200 DA-1988 Earthworks ( s m a l l works)

8. 8.1 8.1.1

8.1.2

8.1.3

MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT BASIC PRINCIPLES The b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s o f measurement and payment f o r a l l e a r t h w o r k s a r e t h a t t h e r a t e s t e n d e r e d f o r e x c a v a t i o n s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f e x c a v a t i n g and r e - u s e o f a l l m a t e r i a l i n b a c k f i l l i n g , f o r m i n g embankments, etc., and t h e c o s t o f d i s p o s a l o f any s u r p l u s and u n s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l w i t h i n t h e f r e e h a u l d i s t a n c e . The measurement o f depths f o r r e s t r i c t e d e x c a v a t i o n s w i l l be based on the assumption t h a t untrimmed e a r t h w o r k s o r b u l k e x c a v a t i o n t o f i n i s h e d l e v e l , o r both, have been completed b e f o r e t h e commencement o f r e s t r i c t e d area e x c a v a t i o n s . (See a l s o Drawing DA-2.) Separate a d d i t i o n a l payment w i l l be made f o r f i l l i n g excess e x c a v a t i o n , f o r m i n g banks o r t e r r a c e s , d i s p o s i n g o f s u r p l u s m a t e r i a l , o r any o t h e r c o n t i n g e n t work, o n l y where s p e c i f i c a l l y p r e s c r i b e d and scheduled. E x c a v a t i o n s which a r e r e q u i r e d t o be b a c k f i l l e d w i l l be measured as i f t a k e n o u t w i t h v e r t i c a l s i d e s r e g a r d l e s s o f whether t h e y have been t a k e n o u t w i t h s l o p i n g s i d e s . They w i l l be measured f r o m t h e n e t p l a n o f t h e f i n i s h e d c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g , f o u n d a t i o n , b u i l d i n g o r c o n c r e t e s t r u c t u r e e x c e p t t h a t , i n t h e case o f c o n i c a l o r o t h e r such s t r u c t u r e s , t h e volume w i l l be measured f r o m t h e f i n i s h e d o u t l i n e o f t h e c o n c r e t e as shown on t h e drawings. Where e x t r a e x c a v a t i o n f o r o u t s i d e formwork o r w o r k i n g space i s s p e c i f i e d o r o r d e r e d p r i o r t o t h e s t a r t o f t h e b u l k e x c a v a t i o n f o r a s t r u c t u r e , such e x c a v a t i o n w i l l be measured as p a r t o f t h e b u l k e x c a v a t i o n . COMPUTATION O F QUANTITIES Earthworks w i l l be measured by volume once o n l y , e i t h e r a ) i n compacted embankment where 1 ) i m p o r t a t i o n o r borrow i s ordered, o r 2 ) e a r t h w o r k s c o n s i s t o f a c u t t o f i l l o p e r a t i o n and a r e r e q u i r e d f o r t h e b u i l d i n g of a s t r u c t u r e o f d e s i g n a t e d s t r e n g t h such as a dam o r r a i l embankment, o r o t h e r wise b ) i n excavation. Measurements w i l l be t o f i n i s h e d shapes, s e c t i o n s and p r o f i l e s as shown on d r a w i n g s o r ordered, and no e x c a v a t i o n and no embankment formed o u t s i d e t h e s p e c i f i e d l i n e s and l e v e l s w i l l be i n c l u d e d i n t h e measurements u n l e s s such e x t r a work has been done on t h e w r i t t e n i n s t r u c t i o n s o f t h e E n g i n e e r . Except where e a r t h w o r k s a r e c a r r i e d o u t t o s i m p l e g e o m e t r i c shapes, t h e volumes o f m a t e r i a l h a n d l e d w i l l be computed f r o m c r o s s - s e c t i o n s a t s u i t a b l e i n t e r v a l s by t h e method o f average end areas. Where t h i s method o f measurement i s c o n s i d e r e d by t h e E n g i n e e r t o be i m p r a c t i c a b l e , t h e volume w i l l be computed f r o m t h e p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a p a c i t y o f t h e h a u l i n g v e h i c l e s , and each v e h i c l e s h a l l be loaded t o a t l e a s t t h e p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a p a c i t y . The volume o f m a t e r i a l w i l l be t a k e n as 70 % o f t h e s a i d c a p a c i t y i n t h e case o f s o i l s and g r a v e l and 50 % i n t h e case o f r o c k and b o u l d e r m a t e r i a l . Volumes o f m a t e r i a l removed i n c i d e n t a l l y d u r i n g S i t e c l e a r i n g o p e r a t i o n s i n terms of SABS 1200 C w i l l be d i s r e g a r d e d i n b o t h e x c a v a t i o n and embankment q u a n t i t i e s , b u t t h e volumes (computed f r o m t h e areas and d e p t h s ) moved i n t h e s t r i p p i n g o f t h e S i t e i n terms o f 5.2.1 o r i n e x c a v a t i o n o f s t a t e d depths o f t o p s o i l w i l l be deducted f r o m t h e e x c a v a t i o n volume o r added t o t h e embankment volume, as t h e case may be. Should he w i s h t o check t h e E n g i n e e r ' s q u a n t i t i e s , t h e C o n t r a c t o r may, a t h i s own expense, t a k e t h e l e v e l s and p r e p a r e t h e c r o s s - s e c t i o n s necessary f o r t h e measurement and c o m p u t a t i o n o f q u a n t i t i e s . The E n g i n e e r may c o n d u c t such check t e s t s on t h e C o n t r a c t o r ' s c r o s s - s e c t i o n s as he c o n s i d e r s necessary t o c o n f i r m t h e i r accuracy and adequacy. F a i l u r e on t h e p a r t o f t h e C o n t r a c t o r t o s u b m i t h i s own c r o s s s e c t i o n s t o t h e Engineer b e f o r e commencing c o n s t r u c t i o n w i l l be h e l d t o i n d i c a t e h i s preparedness t o a c c e p t t h e c r o s s - s e c t i o n s p r o v i d e d by t h e Engineer f o r t h e p u r p o s e - o f measurement and payment o f c u t and f i l l q u a n t i t i e s and, i n t h e e v e n t o f such f a i l u r e , no subsequent c l a i m s i n t h i s r e g a r d w i l l be c o n s i d e r e d .
SCHEDULED ITEMS~ 1 Excavation a ) Remove t o p s o i l t o nominal d e p t h 150 mm, s t o c k p i l e and m a i n t a i n The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f removing t o p s o i l t o a nominal d e p t h o f 150 mm, s t o c k p i l i n g , and p r e v e n t i n g d u s t nuisance. b ) Excavate i n a l l m a t e r i a l s and use f o r embankment o r b a c k f i l l o r dispose, as o r d e r e d (see Drawing DA-1) Separate i t e m s w i l l be scheduled f o r each t y p e o f e x c a v a t i o n o r each s t r u c t u r e and f o r each t y p e o r manner o f d i s p o s a l o f e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l .

8.2 8.2.1

8.2.2

8.2.3

8.3 8.3.1

..............

U n i t : m2

.............................................................

Unit: m3

a ) U n t i l SABS 1200 DB, SABS 1200 DM, SABS 1200 ME and SABS 1200 MF a r e amended, t h o s e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s s h o u l d be amended i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n t o a l i g n t h e i r o v e r h a u l measurement with t h a t o f t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n .

SABS 1200 DA-1988 Earthworks ( s m a l l works)

12

8.3.2

8.3.3

8.3.4

8.3.5

8.3.6 8.3.7 8.3.8

The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f c o m p l y i n g w i t h a l l p r e c a u t i o n s r e q u i r e d i n t e r m s o f 5.1 i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e c o s t o f e x c a v a t i o n , b a s i c s e l e c t i o n , l o a d i n g , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w i t h i n freehaul distance, o f f l o a d i n g , spreading o r b a c k f i l l i n g , watering, compacting, f i n a l g r a d i n g , c o m p l y i n g w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t o l e r a n c e s , p r o v i d i n g f o r t e s t i n g , and d i s p o s a l o f s p o i l , a l l i n accordance w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n . c ) Extra-over f o r 1) i n t e r m e d i a t e e x c a v a t i o n Unit: 2) hard rock excavation Unit: 3) boulder excavation, Class A Unit: 4) b o u l d e r e x c a v a t i o n , C l a s s B Unit: The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e a d d i t i o n a l c o s t o f t h e o p e r a t i o n s enumerated i n ( b ) above f o r any p o r t i o n o f t h e e x c a v a t i o n t h a t i s c l a s s i f i e d as i n t e r m e d i a t e , h a r d rock, b o u l d e r C l a s s A o r b o u l d e r C l a s s 6, as a p p l i c a b l e ( s e e Drawing DA-1). R e s t r i c t e d Excavation a ) Excavate f o r r e s t r i c t e d f o u n d a t i o n s , f o o t i n g s and t r e n c h e s i n a l l m a t e r i a l s and use f o r b a c k f i l l o r embankment o r d i s p o s e Unit: Separate i t e m s w i l l be scheduled f o r s e p a r a t e s t r u c t u r e s . A l l r e s t r i c t e d e x c a v a t i o n w i l l be measured by volume (see 5.2.2 and Drawing DA-2). The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f e x c a v a t i n g , s e l e c t i n g , and k e e p i n g s e l e c t e d m a t e r i a l s e p a r a t e (where r e l e v a n t ) , temporary s t o c k p i l i n g ( u n l e s s , i n e x c e p t i o n a l circumstances, s p e c i f i c a l l y a u t h o r i z e d f o r s e p a r a t e payment), l o a d i n g , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w i t h i n f r e e h a u l d i s t a n c e , o f f l o a d i n g , b a c k f i l l i n g , w a t e r i n g , compacting, t e s t i n g , and d i s p o s a l o f s p o i l . b) Extra-over f o r 1) i n t e r m e d i a t e e x c a v a t i o n Unit: 2) hard rock excavation Unit: The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e a d d i t i o n a l c o s t o f c o m p l y i n g with t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f ( a ) above f o r any p o r t i o n o f t h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l t h a t i s c l a s s i f i e d as i n t e r mediate o r h a r d r o c k . as aDD1iCable. .. Overhaul (see 5.2.6.2) a) Limited overhaul ( p r o v i s i o n a l ) Unit: b ) Long o v e r h a u l ( p r o v i s i o n a l ) Unit: I t e m s ( a ) and ( b ) above a r e a p p l i c a b l e o n l y when t h e a p p r o p r i a t e i n f o r m a t i o n o f t h a t s e t o u t i n 5.2.6.1(b) was n o t a v a i l a b l e t o t h e C o n t r a c t o r a t t h e t e n d e r i n g stage. Volumes w i l l be computed f r o m t h e d e s i g n a t e d dimensions. No a l l o w a n c e w i l l be made f o r b u l k i n g . Long o v e r h a u l d i s t a n c e s w i l l be measured t o t h e n e a r e s t 0,l km f r o m t h e end o f t h e l i m i t e d o v e r h a u l range, i n one d i r e c t i o n o n l y , by t h e s h o r t e s t p r a c t i c a b l e r o u t e . M a t e r i a l measured f o r o v e r h a u l under ( b ) above w i l l a l s o be measured under ( a ) above. I m p o r t i n g o f M a t e r i a l s f r o m Commercial Sources o r f r o m Borrow P i t s Unit: I m p o r t a t i o n f r o m d i f f e r e n t s o u r c e s w i l l be scheduled s e p a r a t e l y f o r each d e s i g n a t e d source o f s u p p l y and f o r each d i f f e r e n t a r e a o f use. The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t , a d d i t i o n a l t o 8.3.1 o r 8.3.2, of royalties if a p p l i c a b l e , and a c q u i r i n g s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( s e e 5 . 2 . 6 . 1 ( b ) ) , and o f f l o a d i n g a t p o i n t o f p l a c i n g . Where m a t e r i a l s a r e o b t a i n e d from d e s i g n a t e d borrow p i t s , t h e r a t e s h a l l a l s o c o v e r t h e a d d i t i o n a l c o s t of c o m p l y i n g w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 5.2.2. E x i s t i n g S e r v i c e s (see 5.1.3). Where p a r t i c u l a r i t e m s a r e p r o v i d e d i n o t h e r s e c t i o n s o f t h e schedule, t h e c o s t s o f d e t e c t i o n , exposure, p r o t e c t i o n and a l t e r a t i o n s s h a l l be covered by such p a r t i c u l a r i t e m s . Where no such p a r t i c u l a r i t e m s a r e p r o v i d e d and where t h e r e i s reason t o e x p e c t t h e presence o f such services, the r e l e v a n t items s e t out i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n w i l l apply. Topsoiling Unit: The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f e x c a v a t i n g f r o m s t o c k p i l e s r e f e r r e d t o i n 8.3.l(a), h a u l i n g , and s p r e a d i n g i n terms o f 5.2.5.2. G r a s s i n g o r o t h e r V e g e t a t i o n Cover Unit: The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f g r a s s i n g o r o t h e r c o v e r i n terms o f 5.2.5.3. T r a f f i c Signs, e t c . ( s e e 5.1.8) ( d e s c r i p t i o n and s i z e o f each s t a t e d ) Unit: The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f c o m p l y i n g w i t h 5.1.8.

..................................................... ........................................................ ................................................. .................................................

..................................

m3 m3 m3 m3

m3

..................................................... ........................................................
.............................................. ..................................................

m3 m3

m3 m 3 . km

.............

m3

......................................................................

m2 m2
No.

.............................................. ...........

13

SABS 1200 DA-1988 Earthworks ( s m a l l works)

intermediate

Drg. 13 104/C/E

All materials: Subclause 8.3.1 (b)

Intermediate: Subclause 8.3.1 (c)

Hard rock: Subclause 8.3.1 (c)

Fig. DA-1

- Classes of Excavation: Measurement and Payment

SABS 1200 DA-1988

14

E a r t h w o r k s (small w o r k s )

L
Y-

a,
0

Sri
mod
4-J

0-

>
O
X

U
S

I
01

15

SABS 1200 DA-1988

Earthworks ( s m a l l works)
APPENDIX A. APPLICABLE STANDARDS

Reference i s made t o t h e a p p l i c a b l e issues (see Subclause 2 . 2 o f SABS 1200 A o r SABS 1200 AA, as a p p l i c a b l e ) o f t h e f o l l o w i n g standards:
SABS SABS SABS SABS SABS 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 A AA

C
D DK

Civil Civil Civil Civil Civil

engineering engineering engineering engineering engineering

construct construct construct construct construct

on: on: on: on: on:

General General (small works S i t e clearance Earthworks Gabions and p i t c h i n g

ISBN 0-626-08064-9

sabs pta