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DIFFERENT TYPES OF WEB-BASED SURVEYS ABSTRACT

Web-based Surveys: Changing the Survey Process by Holly Gunn Web based surveys are having a profound influence on the survey process. Unlike other types of surveys, Web page design skills and computer programming expertise play a significant role in the design of Webbased surveys. Survey respondents face new and different challenges in completing a Web-based survey. Web-based surveys are having a profound influence on survey methodology. "The Internet has truly democratized the survey-taking process". Survey professionals and large organizations are no longer the only people conducting surveys on the Web. Software, capable of producing survey forms, is available to the public at an affordable cost, enabling anyone with a Web site to conduct a survey without a lot of difficulty. For that reason, the range and the quality of Webbased surveys vary considerably. Web-based surveys are everywhere on the Internet. Couper (2000) stated that there is speculation Web surveys will replace traditional methods of data collection. Data that had once been collected by other survey modes is now being collected with Web surveys (Dillman and Bowker, 2001). An informal search for Web-based surveys on Yahoo! by Solomon (2001) revealed over 2,000 Web-based surveys in 59 different categories. Not all of these were serious surveys. Surveys on the Web run the gamut from entertainment questionnaires to those with a probability-based design

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Design in Web surveys is of greater importance than in other modes of surveying because of the visual emphasis of the Web and the way the survey appears in different browsers and on different computer screens and the audience and the purpose of the survey should affect the design, and that the design of a Web-based survey for teenagers and one for seniors might be designed quite differently. "The notion of a one-size-fits-all approach to Web survey design is premature " Pretest questions before they go online; o Write an introduction for the survey which will bring cooperation from participants; o Use filtering questions and have questionnaires appropriate for filtered groups; o Divide long surveys into sections; o Use open-ended questions sparingly; and, o Use incentives to get people to respond.

The textual language of surveys includes the wording of the questions and the instructions in the responses included font size, font type, color, layout, symbols, images, animation, and other graphics as components of visual language. Although C language is intended to add meaning and supplement the written language, observed that it could actually draw attention away from text and alter the meaning of words.There are three different types of visual languages: o Graphic language, o Symbolic language, o Numeric language.

These languages are the auxiliary languages of questionnaires. Graphic language, consisting of fonts, font sizes and variations (bold, italics,) borders, and tables, helps respondents move their eyes across the page and comprehend the questionnaire. Symbolic language is sometimes used in questionnaires when arrows or other symbols are employed to help guide the respondent through the survey questions. Numeric language is used in questionnaires in numbering questions, and sometimes in numbering response items.

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1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT This paper examines the different types of Web-based surveys, the advantages and challenges of using Web-based surveys, the design of Web-based surveys, and the issues of validity, error, and non-response in this type of survey. The author also discusses the importance of auxiliary languages (graphic, symbolic and numeric languages) in Web surveys, and concludes with the unique aspects of Web-based surveys.

The skills required to produce a Web-based survey are different from those required to construct other types of surveys. Web survey design focuses more on programming ability and Web page design rather than traditional survey methodology. Because of the technology involved in developing Web surveys, leadership has come from people with a background in technology, not the survey methodology professionals. In fact, the use of Web surveys seems to have caught the survey methodology community somewhat by surprise".

1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION Problems associated with Web page design computer programming can play a significant role in Web-based surveys, and the computer code of the questionnaire can be a source of error with Web-based surveys explained how inaccuracies in computer programming which produced text boxes of different sizes affected survey results in a University of Michigan survey.

Various effects in surveys are questionnaires with frames; answer columns side by side; different versions of the questionnaire for various respondents; randomizing question order; error checking; removing character codes from text responses; and process tracing and timing.

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CHAPTER 2
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS 2.1. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS o Processor: Pentium IV o Mother board: Intel 915E o Cache memory: 256K o Floppy disk drive:1.44MB o RAM:256MB o Hard disk Capacity:35 KB

2.2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS o Front end: C++ o Back end:MS-Access o Compiler:VC++ o Operating System:Windows 98

2.3. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

The user requirements for a system should describe the functional and non-functional requirements so that they are understandable by system user without detailed technical knowledge. They should only specify the external behaviour of the system and should avoid as for as possible, system design characteristics.

However, various problems can arise when requirements are return in natural language sentences in a text document: i) Lack of clarity: It is sometimes difficult to use language in a precise and unambiguous way without making the document wordy and difficult to read. ii) Requirements Confusion: Functional requirements, non-functional requirements, system goals and design information may not be clearly distinguished.

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iii) Requirement Amalgamation: Several different requirements may be expressed together as a single requirement.

This requirement includes both conceptual and detailed information. It expresses the concept that there should be an accounting system as an inherent part of LIBSYS. However, it also includes the detail that the accounting system should support discounts for regular LIBSYS user. The detail would have been better left to the system requirements specification. The three kinds of requirements are: i) A conceptual, functional requirements states that the editing system should provide a grid. It presents the rationale for this. ii) A non-functional requirement giving detailed information about the grid units (centimeters or inches). iii) A non-functional user interface requirement that defines how the grid is switched on and off by the user.

ONLINE SURVEY CHAPTER 3 DESIGN CONCEPT

In this design stage, we are designing our project according to customer satisfaction or user satisfaction. In this design phase, the user must understand the whole project by seeing the design of the project. After the completion of the analysis stage, the user must design the project according to the collected requirements in the analysis stage. After the completion of the analysis stage, the user must continue with the design stage. In this project, the user must create the database to store the details of the

total population in India, based upon collection of table requirements collected in the design stage.

After creation of tables, the user must design the project that is it can also represent the design in the form of Data Flow Diagrams. it contains the details about what we are going to survey. here we are surveying about the population in India. it consists of states, union territories, languages and religions.

The user must understand the project what are all the operations in the project that was going to do or carrying out by seeing the DFD Diagrams. In that format, the user must draw the DFD diagram. The DFD diagram that must contain all the details of the project. The user must design or draw the DFD diagrams based upon the project what it will do, what are the operations that was carrying in the project it will represent the DFD diagrams in the one by one operation that was carrying in the project.

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3.1 OVERALL ARCHITECTURE

POPULATION OF INDIA

STATES (MODULE 1)

UNION TERRITORIES (MODULE 2)

LANGUAGES (MODULE 3)

RELIGIONS (MODULE 4)

LIST OF ENTITIES FOR STATES

LIST OF ENTITIES FOR TERRITORIES

LIST OF ENTITIES FOR LANGUAGES

LIST OF ENTITIES FOR RELIGIONS

TOTAL POPULATION MALE POPULATION FEMALE POPULATION SEX RATIO TOTAL LITERACY RATE MALE LITERACY RATE FEMALE LITERACY RATE POPULATION IN INDIA POPULATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES

TOTAL POPULATION SEX RATIO CHILD SEX RATIO TOTAL LITERACY RATE

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FIG: 3.1 OVERALL ARCHITECTURE

3.1.1 ARCHITECTURE FOR STATES MODULE

15. MAHARASTRA 16. MANIPUR

1. ANDHRA PRADESH 2. ARUNACHAL PRADESH 3. ASSAM

17. MEGALAYA

18. MIZORAM

4.

BIHAR

19. NAGALAND

5.

CHATISGAR

20. ORISSA STATES DATA BASE

6.

GOA

21. PUNJAB

7.

GUJARAT

22. RAJASTHAN

8. HARYANA

23. SIKKIM

9. HIMACHAL PRADESH 10. JAMMU & KASHMIR 11. JARKHAND

24. TAMIL NADU 25. TRIPURA

26. UTTAR PRADESH 27. UTTRANCHAL 28. WEST BENGAL 14. MADHYA PRADESH

12. KARNATAKA 13. KERALA

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FIG:3.1.1 ARCHITECTURE FOR STATES MODULE

3.1.2. ARCHITECTURE FOR UT MODULE

1. ANDAMAN & NICOBAR

2. CHANDIGARH

7. PONDICHERRY

UNION TERRITORIES DATABASE

3. DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI

6. LAKSHADWEEP

4. DAMAN & DIU

5.

DELHI

FIG: 3.1.2. ARCHITECTURE FOR UT MODULE

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3.1.3. ARCHITECTURE FOR RELIGIONS MODULE

HINDUS OTHERS

MUSLIMS

RELIGIONS DATA STORE

JAINS

CHRISTIANS SIKHS

BUDDHISTS

FIG: 3.1.3. ARCHITECTURE FOR RELIGIONS MODULE

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3.1.4ARCHITECTURE FOR LANGUAGES MODULE

ASSAMESE TULU URDU

AWADI

TELUGU

BAGRI

TAMIL

BENGALI

SINDHI

BHILI

SANTHALI

BHOJPURI

SADRI

CHATISGAR

PUNJABI

DECCAN LANGUAGES DATA STORE DOGRI-KANGRI

ORIYA

NEPALI

GARHWALI

MUNDARI

GUJARATI

MEITHEI

HARYANA

MARWARI

HINDI

MARATHI

HO

MALAYALAM

KANAUJI

MAITHILI

KANNADA

KURUX

KASHMIRI

KHANDESI

KONKANI

GOANESE

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FIG: 3.1.4 ARCHITECTURE FOR LANGUAGES MODULE

3.2. OVERALL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

DATA BASE USER REQUEST USERS COMMAND & DATA GIVES THE DETAILS OF STATES GIVES DETAILS OF U.TER STATES ON SELECTING CHOICE 1 ON SELECTING CHOICE 2 SELECTION OF CHOICE UNION TERRITORIES

OS SYSTEM INTERACTS WITH THE USER

AFTER DISPLAY OF CHOICE

ON SELECTING CHOICE 3

ON SELECTING CHOICE 4

LANGUAGE

RELIGIONS

DETAILS OF RELIGION

LANGUAGE

DISPLAY OF MESSAGE STATUS

DATABASE

TOTAL POPULATION MALE POPULATION FEMALE POPULATION SEX RATIO

TOTAL LITERACY RATE MALE LIT. RATE FEMALE LIT. RATE

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FIG: 3.2.OVERALL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

3.2.1. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM OF STATES MODULE

GIVES THE DETAILS OF STATES USER REQUEST ARUNA -CHAL PRADESH ANDHRA PRADESH ASSAM BIHAR CHATTIS - GHAR GOA GUJARAT HARYANA ON SELECTING A CHOICE

DATABASE

USER& DATA AND COMMAND

SYSTEM INTERACTS WITH THE USER

HIMACHAL PRADESH JAMMU & KASHMIR JARKHAND KERALA

STATES OF INDIA

TAMIL NADU UP UTTRAN -CHAL W. BENGAL ORRISA PUNJAB RAJAS -THAN SIKKIM TRIPURA MAHA -RASHTRA MEGA -LAYA MIZORAM NAGALAND

KARNA -TAKA MADHYA PRADESH MANIPUR MIZORAM

TOTAL POPULATION MALE POPULATION FEMALE POPULATION SEX RATIO

DISPLAY MESSAGE STATUS

TOTAL LITERACY RATE MALE LIT. RATE FEMALE LIT. RATE

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FIG:3.2.1. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM OF STATES MODULE

3.2.2. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM FOR UT MODULE

DATABASE

USER REQUEST

GIVES THE DETAILS OF UT ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

USERS DATA AND COMMAND

CHANDI -GHAR.

SYSTEM INTERACTS WITH USER

DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI UNION TERRITORIES

PONDI -CHERRY

DAMAN & DIU

LASHED -WEEP

DELHI

TOTAL LITERACY RATE MALE LIT. RATE FEMALE LIT. RATE

DISPLAY THE MESSAGES

TOTAL POPULATION MALE POPULATION FEMALE POPULATION SEX RATIO

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FIG: 3.2.2. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM FOR UT MODULE

3.2.3. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM FOR RELIGION MODULE

DATABASE

USER REQUEST

GIVES THE DETAILS OF RELIGION

USERS DATA AND COMMAND

HINDU

CHRISTIANS

SYSTEM INTERACTS WITH USER MUSLIMS

RELIGIONS

OTHERS JAINS

BUDDHISTS SIKHS

CHILD SEX RATIO TOTAL LITERACY RATE

DISPLAY THE MESSAGES

TOTAL POPULATION SEX RATIO

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FIG: 3.2.3. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM FOR RELIGION MODULE

3.2.4. DATAFLOW DIAGRAM OF LANGUAGES MODULE

GIVES THE DETAILS OF LANGUAGES USER REQUEST AVADI ASSAMESE BAGRI BENGALI BHILI BHOJPURI CHATISGAR DECCAN DOGRIKONGRI GARHWALI ON SELECTING A CHOICE

DATABASE

USER& DATA AND COMMAND

SYSTEM INTERACTS WITH THE USER

GUJARATI HARYANA HINDI HO KANAUJI KANNADA

LANGUAGES OF INDIA

TAMIL TELUGU URDU TULU

KASHMIRI KHANDESI KONKANI GOANESE KURUX MAITHILI ORIYA PUNJABI SADRI SANTHALI SINDHI MARWARI MARATHI MEITHEI MALAYALAM MUNDARI NEPALI

POPULATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES

DISPLAY MESSAGE STATUS

TOTAL POPULATION IN INDIA

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FIG: 3.2.4.DATAFLOW DIAGRAM OF LANGUAGES MODULE

3.3 CONTROL FLOW DIAGRAM

DATA BASE

USER REQUEST EXIT ENTER

SYSTEM INTERACTS WITH THE USER

STATES

UNION TERRITORIES

SELECTION OF CHOICE

DISPLAY THE MESSAGE STATUS SELECT / REJECT RELIGIONS WAIT / DONE LANGUAGES

DATA BASE TOTAL POPULATION MALE POPULATION FEMALE POPULATION TOTAL LITERACY RATE MALE LIT. RATE FEMALE LIT. RATE TOTAL POPULATION SEX RATIO CHILD S. RATIO TOTAL LITERATURE

(FOR MODULES STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES)

(FOR MODULE LANGUAGES)

POPULATION IN INDIA POPULATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES

(FOR MODULE RELIGION)

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FIG: 3.3 CONTROL FLOW DIAGRAM

CHAPTER 4 FUNCTION POINT ANALYSIS Function points are derived using an empirical relationship between countable measurement of software information domain and assessments of software complexity. NUMBER OF USER INPUT Each user input that provides distinct application oriented information to the use. Input should be distinguishable from enquires, which are counted separately. NUMBER OF USER OUTPUT Each user output that provides distinct application oriented information to the user is counted. In this content output refers to reports, screens, error message etc.

NUMBER OF USER IN INQUIRES An inquires, is defined as online input that results in the generation of some immediate software response in the form of an online output. Each distinct inquires is counted.

NUMBER OF FILES Each logical master file (i.e.) a logical grouping of data that may be one part of a large database or a separate file is counted.

NUMBER OF EXTERNAL INTERFACE All machine-readable interfaces that are used to transmit information to another system are counted. Once these data have been collected, a complexity value is associated with each count. organization that use function point method develop criteria for determining whether a particular entry is simple, average, or complex, non theses, the determination of complexity some what objective. To compute function point, the following execution is used. FP= count total x[0.65+0.01*I(Fi)]

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CHAPTER 5 IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

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CHAPTER 6 6. SOFTWARE TESTING AND REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

6.1 TESTING APPROACH Implementation ends with format sets. The test data are very crucial to this process. They must be realistic, extreme, and as well. Ideally, alternative path through the program should be exercised atleast beyond the testing data.

6.1.1 BLACK BOX TESTING Black box testing also called as behavioral testing, focuses on the Functional requirements of the software. It enables the software engineer to drive sets of input conditions that will fully exercise all functional requirements for a program. Black Box testing deals with the correctness of the entire program by checking whether the input is properly accepted, the output is produced correctly and to check the integrity of the external inquiries.

Black box testing attempts to find errors in the following categories: o Incorrect or missing functions o Interface errors o Errors in data structures or external database access o Behavior or performance errors o Initialization and termination errors.

Black box testing involves the following methods: o Graph-based testing methods o Equivalence partitioning o Boundary value analysis o Orthogonal array testing

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6.1.2 UNIT TESTING Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design-the software component or module. Unit testing involves the following: o Interfaces o Local data structure o Boundary conditions o Error handling paths o Independent paths The most common errors that occur are (1) misunderstood or incorrect arithmetic precedence, (2) mixed mode operation, (3) incorrect initialization, (4) precision inaccuracy, and (5) incorrect symbolic representation of the project.

6.1.3 INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing is the systematic testing methodology for constructing the software architecture while at the same time conducting test to check the interfaces as well. The objective is to design a program structure with the unit-tested components that has been detected earlier. It involves two type of approach namely Top-down approach and Bottom-up approach.

6.1.4 VALIDATION TESTING

The final series of software testing is validation testing. Validation can be defined in many terms, but a simple definition is that validation succeeds when software functions in a manner that can be reasonably expected by the customer.

6.1.5 SYSTEM TESTING

Software is incorporated with other system elements (e.g. hardware, people, and information) and a series of system integration and validation tests are conducted. System testing is

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ONLINE SURVEY actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully exercise the computer-based system. There are many tests conducted to assure that it meets all its requirements.

6.2. ERROR CONDITIONS File exits or not, involves in checking the presence of file. File extension not supported, involves in the correctness of input assembly file. Type failure, if it involves any data type other than the subset. Optimization fails, if no instruction analyzed are optimized. Code Fails, if the content of assembly file is empty.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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6.3 RESULT ANALYSIS 6.3.1 MAIN MENU

fig: 6.3.1 MAIN MENU

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6.3.2 STATES OF INDIA

fig 6.3.2: STATES OF INDIA

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6.3.2.1 DETAILS ABOUT STATES

fig: 6.3.2.1 DETAILS ABOUT STATES

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6.3.3 UNION TERRITORIES

fig: 6.3.3 UNION TERRITORIES

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6.3.4 RELIGIONS IN INDIA

FIG: 6.3.4 RELIGIONS IN INDIA

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CHAPTER 7 7. CONCLUSION

Web-based surveys have had a profound influence on the survey process in a number of ways. The survey taking process has become more democratized because of Web surveys. Since the ability to gather data through Web surveys is quite widely available, ordinary citizens, as well as government organizations, university researchers, and big businesses, are now conducting surveys on the Web. Leadership in Web-based survey design is coming from people with a strong technology background, not just the experts in survey methodology.

The visual aspect of surveys is even more important in Web-based surveys than with other surveys. What was visible in a paper survey can be made invisible in a Web and vice versa. Web surveys have reduced the cost of data collection and made data analysis more efficient. Although there are concerns about Web-based surveys and many aspects of conducting surveys on the Web have yet to studied, a number of researchers have produced a body of literature that is improving the design and effectiveness of the Web-based survey process.

7.1 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

The purpose of this project is to provide a survey system that can run from one location and allow for multiple users each with multiple surveys. To make this system a true web based survey tool will require several enhancements on the current version. Currently the system lacks web based administrative functions. This covers several areas such as online survey creation, online password additions and online review of results by the survey owners. First lets make some distinctions on the types of users.

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ONLINE SURVEY There are three types of users on this system. The 'survey takers' are the users who take the survey using an assigned survey code. The 'survey owners' are the users who create surveys, set passwords for the survey takers and review the results of their surveys. The survey administrator(s) is the person who administers the survey system software and handles any problems that might arise. The survey administrator(s) should be able to add and remove survey owner user ids from a web application. The survey owner user id's and password's would be put into a password file that is parsed similar to the existing survey taker password file along with two additional attributes (the persons full name and e-mail.) The user id is the key for this record. There will need to be a check to make sure the user id is unique when a new id is added.

The administrator will have to log on to a web-page with a password and user id to add the survey owner user id's and password's however since there is probably only one survey administrator it could be hard coded into the script rather then read in from another file.

One problem with this approach is that the password file for the survey owners is world readable (just like the survey takers password file) and has to be world readable to work with a web- based program. However, these user ids and password are more sensitive than the survey takers password file and this could be a security issue. A more secure method might be needed.

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