2

,
:
1
100

Boolean

8
1

6
1/10

7
1/100

1/1000

. 10.
:

1
102

4
10

4
101

8
100

6
10-1

7
10-2

5
10-3

,
.

(1 x 102) + (4 x 101) + (8 x 100) + (6 x 10-1) + (7 x 10-2) + (5 x 10-3) = 148.675

.
2005
Aug 09 2005

1
22

0
21

1
20

0
2-1

1
2-2

, 2,
. 2.
: 1101.01:
1
23

2/ 090805

bits
( 2)

:
(1 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (0 x 21) + (1 x 20) + (0 x 2-1) + (1 x 2-2) =
8
+
4
+
0
+
1
+
0
+ 0.25 = 13.25

2 (
),
.
.
,
2.
.

0.

2:
20 = 1
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
Aug 09 2005

24
25
26
27

= 16
= 32
= 64
= 128

28 = 256
29 = 512
210 = 1024

2/ 090805

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

: 162.375

10

20

40

81

162

(2)

,
, :

, 162.375 10 = 10100010.011 2
Aug 09 2005

0.375 x 2 = 0.750
0.750 x 2 = 1.500
A
0.500 x 2 = 1.000

2/ 090805

16 :
0123456789ABCDEF

.

.
24 = 16,
4 .

B4
10110100.

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

16

162

(10)

( ).
.
, ,
( ).
.
0.375 x 10 = 3.750

0.750 x 10 = 7.500

0.500 x 10 = 5.000

Aug 09 2005

.
; 162.375 .

2/ 090805

0
0
0000
0
0000
0
1
0001
1
1
0001
1
2
0010
2
2
0 0 10
2
33
0011
33
0 0 11
44
0100
44
0 10 0
55
0101
55
0 10 1
0 110
66
0110
66
0 111
77
0111
77
10 0 0
88
1000
88
9
10 0 1
9
1001
99
10
10 10
A
10
1010
A
11
10 11
B
11
1011
BC
12
110 0
12
1100
CD
13
110 1
13
1101
DE
14
1110
14
1110
EF
15
1111
15
1111
F

:
4-bit .
761.3516 =
7
6
1
.
3
516
= 0111 0110 0001 . 0011 01012
, 4
bits , 0 ,
. ,
.
10110100.0010112 = 1011
=
B

0100 . 0010 11002

4
.
2
C16

Hex

Binary

Hex

Binary

Hex

Binary

Hex

Binary

0000

0100

1000

1100

0001

0101

1001

1101

0010

0110

1010

1110

0011

0111

1011

1111

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

( <1)

Aug 09 2005

( <1)

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

2/ 090805

10

( <1)

11

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

12

 ( <1)

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

13

Aug 09 2005

( )

,

.
:

,

.
Booth.

2/ 090805

14

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

15

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

16

 /1

/2

0 1,
0000 (1001
).
n-
2n.

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

17

Aug 09 2005

/3

2/ 090805

18

/4

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

19

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

20

Boole

7, 8, 9, 16, 17

3, 5, 6, 15 ( 15) .

1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
10.
12.
14.
16.

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

21

x+0=x
x+1=1
x+x=x
x + x = 1
(x) = x
x+y=y+x
x + (y + z) = (x + y) + z
x(y + z) = xy + xz
(x + y) = xy

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

1=x
0=0
x=x
x = 0

xy = yx
x(yz) = (xy)z
x + yz = (x + y)(x + z)
(xy) = x + y

De Morgan

22

,
:
f(x,y,z) = (x + y)z + x
:
f .
(x, y, z) , 1 0.
, .

.
: x, y, z, x.
.
NOT , AND OR.
,
:
f(x,y,z) = (((x +(y))z) + x)

Aug 09 2005

11.
13.
15.
17.

x
x
x
x

2/ 090805

Boole

2.
4.
6.
8.

23

.
1 0.
(1 0),
.
n 2n .
, 000-111.
f(x,y,z) = (x + y)z + x

f(0,0,0)
f(0,0,1)
f(0,1,0)
f(0,1,1)
f(1,0,0)
f(1,0,1)
f(1,1,0)
f(1,1,1)

Aug 09 2005

= (0 + 1)0 + 1
= (0 + 1)1 + 1
= (0 + 0)0 + 1
= (0 + 0)1 + 1
= (1 + 1)0 + 0
= (1 + 1)1 + 0
= (1 + 0)0 + 0
= (1 + 0)1 + 0

=1
=1
=1
=1
=0
=1
=0
=1

2/ 090805

f(x,y,z)

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
24

,
.
x
,
.
:

AND
(, )

OR
(, )

NOT
()

x+y

xy, or xy

Boolean
() .
.
.
, (H/W) ,
. :
(x + y)z + x

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

25

Aug 09 2005

2/ 090805

26