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ANGIOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

NOMENCLATURE OF ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS


AP position RAO position LAO position Cranial position Caudal position

ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS FOR SPECIFIC CORONARY ARTERY SEGMENTS


Left Main AP LAO cranial LAO caudal LAO cranial RAO caudal LAO cranial RAO cranial Lateral AP RAO cranial Lateral LAO cranial RAO cranial

Proximal LAD Mid LAD

Distal LAD

Diagonal

Proximal circumflex Intermediate Obtuse marginal

Proximal RCA Mid RCA

Distal RCA PDA Posterolateral

RAO cranial LAO caudal RAO caudal LAO caudal RAO caudal LAO caudal RAO cranial LAO Lateral LAO Lateral RAO LAO cranial Lateral LAO cranial LAO cranial RAO cranial

DEGREE OF ANGULATION
Left Coronary Artery LAO - 300 - 450 Cranial - 200 - 300 Caudal - 200 - 300 RAO - 300 - 450 Right Coronary Artery LAO - 300 - 450 Cranial - 150 - 200 RAO - 300 - 450

COMMON ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE


Biplane cineangiography is require For VSD LAO 500 600 Cranial 200 300 For ASD (Hepatoclavicular angiographic view) LAO 500 600 Cranial 200 300

For transposition of great arteries(Laid back angiographic view) Steep AP caudal - 350 Proximal branch pulmonary artery anatomy Steep AP cranial - 350

Causes of Poor Angiograms


PATIENT FACTORS
Size Movement Hardware (Pacemaker, Harrison rods, multiple surgery with clips)

Angiographer Factors
Poor catheter seating Poor contrast injection

Equipment Factors
X-ray generated problem X-ray tube problem Image intensifier problem

THANK YOU

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