BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

PRESENTED BY: RASHMI VAISH , MBA-HAHC (II Tri) DIBYA DWIVEDI , MBA-FM (II Tri)

Let the waste of the sick not contaminate the lives of The Healthy

CONTENT
Definition Categories of Biomedical Waste Problem associated with Biomedical waste Need for Biomedical Waste Management Treatment techniques Biomedical waste management in India Environmental legislation Conclusion

Biomedical Waste (BMW) is

Solid waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)
WHO estimates
85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous 10% is infectious 5% is non-infectious but consists of hazardous chemicals like methylchloride and formaldehyde.

TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES

WASTE CATEGORY Category No. 1 Category No. 2 Category No. 3 Category No. 4 Category No. 5 Category No. 6 Category No. 7 Category No. 8 Category No. 9 Category No.10 TYPE OF WASTE Human Anatomical Waste Animal Waste Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste Waste Sharps Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs Soiled Waste Solid Waste Liquid Waste Incineration Ash Chemical Waste

Waste Sharps eg: Needles

Discarded medicines Pharmaceutical Waste

Human anatomical waste

Solid waste eg: cotton swabs

PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMW

ORGANISM VIRUSES HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A,C, Arboviruses, Enteroviruses DISEASES CAUSED AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis, Infectious Hepatitis, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne fevers, etc. RELATED WASTE ITEM Infected needles, body Fluids, Human excreta, soiled linen, Blood, body fluids.

BACTERIA Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium Tetani, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus

PARASITES Wucheraria Bancrofti, Plasmodium

Typhoid, Cholera, Tetanus Wound infections, septicemia, rheumatic fever, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Kala Azar, Malaria

Human excreta and body fluid in landfills and hospital wards, Sharps such as needles, surgical blades in hospital waste.
Human excreta, blood and body fluids in poorly managed sewage system of hospitals.

Nosocomial infections in patients from poor infection control practices and poor waste management. Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers. Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash. Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers, other peoples.

NEED FOR BMW MANAGMENT

TECHNIQUES
SEGREGATION :- to segregate the wastes.
Colour Coding Yellow Type of Container Plastic Bag Disinfected container/Plastic bag

Red

Blue/ White Translucent Black

Plastic Bag / punch proof containers Plastic Bag

TRANSPORTATION
Transportation of BMW can be divided into internal and external transportation. INTERNAL: it is for yellow ,red ,blue and white bags. EXTERNAL: it is for the general waste collected in the black coloured plastic bags.

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

PROCEDURES Incineration MAIN FUNCTION burn trash and other types of waste until it is reduced to ash. It uses a combination of heat, steam and pressure. Using sodium hypochlorite solution, bleaching powder, savlon and then discharged into drains/sewers Involve the expose to UV radiation and ionizing radiation

Autoclaving and Shredding

Chemical treatment

Irradiation technique

Bio medical waste management in India

Biomedical waste (management and handling) rule 1998, prescribed by The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt of India, came into force on 20th July 1998. This rule applies to those who generate, collect, receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio medical waste in any manner. Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into containers/bags at the point of generation of waste. Thus Colour Coding & type of containers used for disposal of waste is came into existence which is 12 shown as follows.

Environmental Legislation

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989 The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
13

CONCLUSION
Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility. Proper collection and segregation of biomedical waste. Try to reduce the waste generation. Individual awareness and participation. Use recycle products. Label with agent, concentration and hazard warnings. Communicate about workplace hazards.

ANY QUERY ???