Trnh by c tm quan trng ca An ton mi trng Trnh by c mt s khi nim c bn v chn thng p dng ma trn Haddon phn tch

h c nguyn nhn ca mt s loi chn thng khng ch gia nh v ni cng cng Phn loi c cc vn an ton mi trng trong cng ng p dng c mt s gii php m bo mi trng an ton cng ng

L Th Thanh Hng B mn SKMT

Phn ln thi gian ca con ngi l trong nh

Chn thng khi nh c hiu l mt chn thng xy ra trong phm vi khu vc nh i vi cc thnh vin ca gia nh hoc nhng ngi khch c mi ca gia nh (Monroe T. Morgan 1997)

Nhm ngi c nguy c b chn thng nh nhiu nht

Ng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy t vong v chn thng cc la tui, c bit l ngi gi v tr em Nguyn nhn ng th hai sau tai nn giao thng gy ra chn thng khng t vong Vit Nam c tnh mi nm ton quc c hn mt triu ngi b ng m c nh hng n cng vic, hc tp hay cn chm sc y t (VMIS (2003) ).

Ti Vit Nam

Nguyn nhn chnh gy ra chn thng khng t vong tr em, vi t l 1322,1 ca/100.000 dn, tng ng 430.000 ca mi nm hay khong 1200 ca mi ngy Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy t vong tr em vi t l 4,7/100.000 tng ng 1500 ca mi nm v 4 ca mi ngy mi nm M c khong 9.000 tr chn thng do nm ni, 8.000 tr b chn thng do gh cao, 22.000 tr b chn thng do ging tng 92% cc trng hp ng tp i l chn thng u hoc mt

Ti M

tui ln, thng trn 5 tui, tr cn hay b ng do leo tro ca s, cy ci

Bin php phng

tr cc nh tr, tr nh phi c ngi ln trng coi, cc vt trong nh c sp xp gn gng ngn np, nn nh khng trn, p dng tt m hnh ngi nh an ton, nh v sinh thn thin vi tr em
Gi

Children home safety

Ti M
Ng ngi gi c th gy t vong T l cht do ng ngi gi t 75 tui tr ln ln gp 12 ln t l cht do ng tt c cc la tui khc C hn 1/3 s ngi gi trn 65 tui b chn thng do ng mi nm Chi ph trc tip ca chn thng do ng ngi gi nm 2000 vo khong 19 t la M, c tnh s ln ti 43,8 t la vo nm 2020 Nguy c phi nm bnh vin do ng ngi gi gp gn 7 ln cc la tui khc

T l ng khng ch nh dn n t vong Nam v N > 65 tui ti M, 1998 2000

T l nhp vin c lin quan ti gy xng ca Nam v N > 65 tui ti M, 1998 2000

Ngi gi nn c ngi theo di, chm sc i li yu nn chng gy, cc li i trong v ngoi nh phi rng, cu thang lm bc khng cao qu 25cm, chiu sng trong nh v cc li i m bo, nh tm nh tiu kh ro, khng trn trt. Tp th dc dng sinh nng cao sc kho cng l mt gii php tt phng chn thng tui gi. Ngoi ra, ngi gi cn c khm mt t nht mi nm mt ln.

Ti M
s ca t vong do chy l xy ra nh ( Karter 2006) Trung bnh c 162 pht c 1 ngi cht v chy v trung bnh c 32 pht c 1 ngi b thng v chy (Karter 2007). Khi hoc kh c l nguyn nhn chnh gy cht ti cc v chy (Hall 2001) Nu n l nguyn nhn chnh ca hu ht cc v chy nh (Ahrens 2003).
80%

Ti Vit Nam:
Khng

c thng k chnh thc v t vong do ho hon C nhiu v ho hon ln xy ra nhng ni ng dn c gy thit hi ln v ti sn Nguyn nhn chnh ca cc v ho hon:

thc phng chy, cha chy km thng cu ho cn yu km Quy hoch v xy dng khng hp l
H

Chy nh ph La Thnh, HN (9/2/2009) (VN express, 9/2/2009)

Qun l, kim sot cht ch vic s dng in gia nh Cn thn khi s dng bp ga, bp du hoc ht thuc l gia nh Tng h gia nh c phng tin cha chy sn sng Thng xuyn tp dt cc tnh hung cha chy v cu nn khu dn c khi ho hon xy ra. Lun sn sng phng chy cha chy cc khu thng mi, ch v cn c ng nc cu ho ring. Khi thit k khu thng mi, ch, khu vc dn c phi ch thit k c s h tng cho xe cu ho. Nng cao nhn thc ca ngi dn v ngi ngi kinh doanh v cng tc phng chy, cha chy.

Ti M:

28.700 ca t vong do ng c, trong 5.543 ca (chim 19,3%) l do ch , 19.457 ca (chim 67,8%) l khng ch v 3.700 ca (chim 12,9%) l khng xc nh c c ch hay khng ch Tnh ring cc ca t vong do chn thng khng ch th ng c l nguyn nhn th hai, ch ng sau chn thng giao thng

Ti Vit Nam
Cc trng hp ng c gia nh ch yu l ng c lng thc, thc phm Mua bn, s dng cc loi thuc bo v thc vt khng m bo cht lng hoc b cm s dng cng gy ra nhng hu qu nghim trng T nm 2001 n 2005, c nc xy ra 990 v ng c thc phm vi 23.201 ngi b ng c, trong c 265 ngi t vong S dng bp than t ong gy nhim khng kh trong nh bi cc kh c CO, SO--2, CO2- cng rt nguy him, nh hng ti sc khe v tnh mng ca ngi dn

Bin php phng nga

Qun l cht ch v an ton tt c cc loi thuc bo v thc vt, t bp than ch thong gi, tt nht l loi tr hn chng ra khi khu vc nh , thay th bng cc loi bp khc t c hi hn Nhn vin ch bin thc phm cn phi thc hin cc quy nh m bo an ton v sinh thc phm Trnh n cc loi hi sn sng

CHN THNG DO iN GiT

Cc loi chn thng

Bin php d phng Ban cng, ca s cn c ca chn, cu thang cn c tay vn Thm nh xung sn nu cao qu cn c bc thm ph Nn nh bng phng, khng b trn trt Ao h, h vi, b bi phi c hng ro. Ging, b, lu ng nc phi c np y chc chn. Khng tr tm mt mnh Dao, ko v cc vt dng sc nhn cn gn gng ti ng ni quy nh, ngoi tm vi ca tr Khu vc bp phi c ca ngn hoc ro quanh bp nu bp trn sn nh Cn c ngi trng tr Ngi b bnh ng kinh nn hn ch n gn ni c nguy c gy bng nh bp, ni thc n nng v.v. Cu dao, cm in phi t ni tr khng vi ti. Dng c, thit b in phi m bo an ton: khng h mch in, dy in. Khng tr chi cc chi d hc sc nh hn bi, cc chi c kch c nh phng ngt th, hc, sc. Thuc cha bnh phi trong hp ngoi tm vi ca tr em. Cht c, thuc tr su, cht ty, xng, du ho... phi ng trong cc bnh, chai ng c nhn r rng v ni ring. Khng th rng sc vt v khng tr chi a vi sc vt nui trong nh. Sc vt phi c tim phng, ra ng phi r mm.

Ng

ui nc

Chn thng do vt sc nhn Bng

in git Hc sc

Ngy 17/1/2009: mt cng nhn b in git (Tp HCM), ng t trn cao 5m xung mt ng v t vong ti ch (VN express, 17/1/2009)

Ng c

Sc vt cn

M, chn thng giao thng l nguyn nhn t vong hng u ca thanh thiu nhin tui t 16 n 19, l nguyn nhn ca 36% tng s ca t vong (CDC 2006) Nm 2004 c 4767 ca t vong v 400.000 ca chn thng cn phi nhp vin i vi la tui ny (CDC 2006). Nm 2004, chn thng giao thng cn l nguyn nhn ca 3355 ca t vong v 177000 ca cn nhp vin ngi gi t 65 tui tr ln (CDC 2006)

Vit Nam Chn thng giao thng khng ch xy ra i vi ngi i t xe my m cn c kh nhiu trng hp xy ra i vi ngi i xe p v i b. C nhiu nguyn nhn dn n tnh trng ny Yu t quan trng nht l yu t con ngi nh ngi tham gia giao thng khng c thc v hnh ng t gic chp hnh lut l giao thng Trung bnh mt nm tn tht ti 800 triu USD, hn 11.000 ngi cht

Trong 6 thng u nm 2007, c nc c

7669 v tai nn giao thng (ng b, ng st, ng thy v hng hi) 6910 ngi cht v 5919 ngi b thng. Phn ln l tai nn giao thng ng b vi 7342 v, cht 6683 ngi, b thng 5727 ngi (U ban An ton Giao thng Quc gia)

Nm 2002 Quc hi kho XI thng qua Ngh quyt 14/QH, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh quyt 13/CP v nm 2003 Ban B th ra Ch th s 22/CT-TW v kim ch gia tng v tin ti lm gim dn tai nn giao thng v n tc giao thng. Chin lc quc gia v phng chng tai nn giao thng cng c Chnh ph cng b
y ban An ton giao thng quc gia t chc Tun l an ton giao thng ng b ton cu ln th nht do Lin Hip Quc khi xng t ngy 23 n 28-4/2007

Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh quyt s 32/2007/NQ-CP v mt s gii php cp bch nhm kim ch tai nn giao thng v n tc giao thng:
T ngy 15/9/2007, ngi i m t, xe my trn cc tuyn quc l bt buc i m bo him T ngy 15/12/2007 bt buc i m bo him trn mi tuyn ng

Thanh thiu nin hc sinh thng thch cc hot ng du lch, i chi d ngoi. Chn thng c th xy ra cho mt s em do c nhng bt cn trong lc i d ngoi Vit Nam hin cha c thng k v tnh trng chn thng cc khu vui chi gii tr nhng theo s liu cc nc pht trin th y cng l vn kh ph bin. Tinsworth (2001), cc n v cp cu M mi nm phi iu tr cho hn 200.000 tr em di 14 tui do chn thng xy ra cc khu vui chi gii tr, phn ln l do ng, vt sc nhn, bng

d phng chn thng trong lc i d ngoi v ti cc khu vui chi gii tr th cc cuc d ngoi cn c t chc, chun b chu o Cc thit b vui chi gii tr nh tu in, xch u, u quay v.v. cn c nh k bo dng v b tr an ton C quy nh v chiu cao, cn nng v iu kin sc khe i vi nhng ngi tham gia cc tr chi to cm gic mnh. Cc khu vui chi gii tr cn tun th cc quy nh v an ton chy n, an ton ha cht, an ton v in

Bi li l mt hot ng th dc th thao c nhiu ngi a thch Ngi bi li gii cng c th b cht ui nu bi qu sc, c bnh tim mch, b chut rt hoc bi vo vng nc xoy Cht ui c hiu l nhng trng hp t vong do b ngt khi b chm lu di nc

Hng nm c gn 500.000 ngi b cht ui v phn ln cc trng hp cht ui ny xy ra cc nc c thu nhp thp v trung bnh (WHO) Cc nc pht trin, phn ln trng hp tr em b cht ui xy ra trong cc b bi, Cc nc ang pht trin, cht ui thng xy ra sng ngi, bin, ao h, hay knh rch

M, cht ui l nguyn nhn ng hng th 4 trong cc chn thng gy t gy t vong ca tr nh, hu ht l tr di 4 tui v tr em nam tui t 15-19 tui Yu t dn n chn thng:
40% trng hp l do gim st km, 35% trng hp do ao khng c ro li bo v, 14% l do b bi khng c ca, ca khng ng hoc m ca lu, 11% l cc yu t khc. Phn tch cho thy rng c th ngn nga c 51% cc trng hp cht ui c bo co.

Theo VMIS (2003), cht ui l nguyn nhn hng u gy nn t vong tr em, c bit l nhm tui t 1 9 S tr trong tui 5 - 9 chim xp x 1/3 trong s cc trng hp cht ui/gn cht ui T sut t vong do cht ui Vit Nam l 2,6/100.000. T sut t vong do ui nc nam l 35,2/100.000, cao hn rt nhiu so vi n l 10,7/100.000. Hai vng ng bng sng Cu Long v vng ng bc c t sut cht ui/gn cht ui cao nht c nc. T sut ui nc tr em Vit Nam cao gp 10 ln so vi t sut ny cc nc pht trin, vi hn mt na cc trng hp ui nc dn n t vong

Bin php phng

Gio dc dn chng tun th nhng nguyn tc, ni quy ca b bi, ca nhng vng bin du lch Kim tra tu thuyn tiu chun v trang b phao cu sinh B bi, ao h cn c hng ro bao quanh, c ngi chuyn trch gim st an ton bi li, luyn tp bi c t chc Khng nn ung ru bia trc hoc trong khi tham gia cc hot ng vui chi gii tr trn sng nc nh bi, cho thuyn hay lt vn

Chn thng trng hc nh ng, chn thng giao thng, bng, ui nc, in git, ng c, vt sc nhn:
Nguyn nhn lin quan n c s vt cht v iu kin sinh hot ti trng Thy c gio v hc sinh, sinh vin khng c hng dn v mi trng an ton v d phng chn thng Do nhiu trng hc khng c ngi c o to v cng tc y t hc ng v khng c phng tin cp cu cn thit nn lm trm trng thm cc ca chn thng xy ra ti trng

17h ngy 22/1/2007, ti trng mm non thn Khung Nhung x Qun B (H Giang) xy ra v ng c thuc dit chut. Theo iu tra ban u, s thuc ny c trong gi bim bim m c gio Trn Th Phong dng t b by chut, v qun khng kho ca lp khi ra v Khi hc sinh ra v, c 8 chu t 3-4 tui do cha c gia nh n quay li lp. Vo lp hc, cc chu nhn thy gi bim bim v chia nhau n. (Ngun: Vn Express, 23/1/2007)

Ngy 15/1/2009, chu Hong Nht Quang (3 tui, Trng mm non x Thnh Lc, Lc H, H Tnh: ng vo ni canh ln trong nh bp ca trng. B bng nng 2/2/2009: chu t vong ti Vin Bng Quc gia (VOV News, 2/2/2009)

Chn thng ti ni lm vic

Sn trng cn bng phng v khng b trn trt Ca s, hnh lang, cu thang phi c tay vn, lan can. Khng cho tr hc v chi gn nhng lp hc khng an ton nh tng nh, mi ngi, ct nh c c nguy c sp xung. ng thi phi cho sa cha ngay. Nhng cy sn trng cn c ro chn tr khng leo tro c. Bn gh hng, khng chc chn phi c sa cha ngay. Dng c th dc th thao phi chc chn, m bo an ton. nh nhau, bo lc Gio dc thc cho cc em khng c gy g, nh nhau trong trng. trong trng hc Khng cho cc em mang n trng cc vt sc nhn nguy him nh dao, sng cao su v cc hung kh. Xy dng lp t qun, on kt. Chn thng giao Trng phi c cng, hng ro. thng Trong gi ra chi phi ng cng, khng cho tr chy ra ng chi khi trng gn ng. Phi c bin bo trng hc cho cc loi phng tin c gii khu vc gn trng hc. Hng dn hc sinh thc hin lut an ton giao thng. Bng, nhim c Phng hc, phng th nghim v cc phng chc nng khc phi c ni quy hng dn s dng an ton ha cht, an ton in cho cc em. Khng cho hc sinh ti bp nu nng v ch n nh n. ui nc Trng gn ao h, sng sui phi c hng ro ngn cch. vng l, hc sinh i hc bng ghe, thuyn phi m bo an ton. Ging, b nc trong trng phi c np y an ton. Trng c thuyn v phao cu sinh. in git H thng in trong lp phi an ton: khng dy trn, dy in h, bng in cao. Dng c in phng th nghim phi m bo an ton trc khi cho hc sinh thc hnh. Ng c thc n Khng cho bn qu bnh trong trng. Thc phm do nh bp cung cp, nc ung m bo v sinh. Trng c cn b theo di v y t hc ng v c t thuc cp cu Cc loi thng Ng chn Bin php d phng

Tai nn lao ng tng Trung bnh mi nm c 500 ngi t vong do tai nn lao ng Nm 2006:

5.880

v, 536 ngi thit mng, 1.140 ngi b thng nng (cha bao gm tai nn trong nng nghip v trong cc c s do t nhn qun l) Ngun: B Lao ng thng binh x hi, 2/2007