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Semester - IV

Er. No............................. Academic Year 2011-12

JAYPEE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, GUNA Test -II 10B11EC412- Analog Communication
Time : 1:30 Hours Maximum Marks : 25 Instructions and information for students Do not write anything on the question paper except your enrolment no. All questions are compulsory. Make suitable assumptions if necessary, write them with your answer. 1) a) Write a short note on stereophonic frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting system . b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of pulse modulation over continuous wave (CW) modulation?. [3+2 =5 marks]

2) A periodic square wave m(t) of period T0 (Figure 2(a)) frequency modulates a carrier of frequency fc = 10 kHz with f = 1 kHz. The carrier amplitude is A. The resulting FM signal is demodulated as shown in Figure 2(b). Sketch the waveforms at points b, c, d and e. [2+1+1+2=6 marks]

Solution: We have fc = 10 kHz with f = 1 kHz. We know that f = where mp is the maximum value of m(t). kf = 2000 kf mp 2

For FM : kf m(t) (1) 2 Because m(t) switches from 1 to 1 and vice versa, the FM wave frequency switches back and forth between 9kHz to 11kHz. Let b (t), c (t), d (t) and e (t) the expressions of the signals at points b, c, d and e fi = fc +
t

b (t) = A cos c t + kf

m()d
t

c (t) =

db (t) = A c + kf m(t) sin c t + kf dt d (t) = A c + kf m(t) e (t) = A kf m(t)

m()d

3) Design (only the block diagram) an Armstrong indirect FM modulator to generate an FM carrier with a carrier frequency of 96 MHz and f = 20 kHz. A narrow band FM generator with fc = 200 kHz and adjustable in the range of 9 to 10 Hz is available. The stock room also has an oscillator with adjustable frequency in the range of 9 to 10 MHz. There is a bandpass lter with any center frequency and only frequency doublers are available. [5 marks] Solution: The block diagram of an Armstrong indirect FM modulator is shown in Figure 3.

We have only frequency doublers. M1 = 2n1 M2 = 2n2 M1 M2 = 2n1 +n2 M1 M2 = We have f = 20 KHz and 9 Hz < f1 < 10 Hz 2000 < M1 M2 < 2222 2000 < 2n1 +n2 < 2222 There is only one possibility M1 M2 = 2048 = 211 . f1 = f = 9.76563 Hz 2048 f f1

We have fc = 200M1 M2 KHz Y M2 MHz Substituting M1 M2 = 2048 and fc = 96MHz in equation (2), we obtain Y M2 = 313.6 Suppose M2 = 16 Y = 19.6 It is not acceptable. Now we take M2 = 32 Y = 9.8 It is acceptable. So M2 = 32 and M1 =
2048 32

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

= 64.

4) An angle modulated signal with carrier frequency fc = 106 is described by the equation EM (t) = 5 cos c t + 30 sin 1000t + 15 sin 2000t . a) b) c) d) Find the power of the modulated signal. Find the frequency deviation f . Find the phase deviation . Estimate the bandwidth of EM (t).

[1+1+1+2=5 marks]

Solution: a) Let P be the power of the modulated signal. The carrier amplitude is 5. ( 5)2 = 2.5Watts P = 2 b) Let (t) and i (t) be the angle and the instantaneous frequency of the modulated signal respectively. Given (t) = c t + 30 sin 1000 t + 15 sin 2000 t d(t) = c + 30, 000 cos 1000 t + 30, 000 cos 2000 t dt Let be the maximum frequency deviation i (t) = = max{i (t) c } = max{30, 000 cos 1000 t + 30, 000 cos 2000 t} = 60, 000 radian/sec. f = c) = max{(t) c t} = max{30 sin 1000 t + 15 sin 2000 t} = 45 radian d) Let B and BEM be the bandwidth of the modulating signal and the modulated signal respectively. B = bandwidth of 30 sin 1000 t + 15 sin 2000 t = 1000 Hz = 1KHz We know that BEM = 2( f + B) = 62 KHz = 30, 000Hz = 30KHz 2

5) Signals x1 (t) = 104 rect(104 t) and x2 (t) = (t) are applied at the inputs of ideal low-pass lters H1 () = rect 40,000 and H2 () = rect 20,000 . The outputs y1 (t) and y2 (t) of these lters are multiplied to obtain the signal y(t) = y1 (t)y2 (t). Find the minimum sampling rates of the y1 (t), y2 (t) and y(t). [1+1+2=4 marks]

Solution: Let B1 , B2 and B be the bandwidths of the y1 (t), y2 (t) and y(t) respectively. Let fs1 , fs2 and fs be the minimum sampling rates of the y1 (t), y2 (t) and y(t) respectively. We have t g(t) = rect G() = sinc 2 Let X1 (), X2 (), Y1 () and Y2 () be the Fourier transforms of the x1 (t), x2 (t), y1 (t) and y2 (t) respectively.

x1 (t) = 104 rect(104 t) X1 () = sinc

104 2

x2 (t) = (t) X2 () = 1 Y1 () = H1 () X1(), Y2 () = H2 () X2 () = H2 () From Figures 5.3 and 5.2 (b), It is obvious B1 = 10, 000Hz = 10KHz and B2 = 5, 000Hz = 5KHz. B = B1 + B2 = 15KHz fs1 = 2B1 = 20KHz fs2 = 2B2 = 10KHz fs = 2B = 30KHz