CH 18

ch18
ch18
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Evidence for the theoretical formation of Earth and the structure of its interior comes largely from deep core samples. True False
2. P-waves travel through both solid and liquid rock, but S-waves cannot travel through liquid. True False
3. The crust beneath the oceans is much younger than continental crust. True False
4. The interior of Earth is molten from the heat produced by the intense bombardment Earth experienced during its formation. True False
5. The crust is a thin layer of granite rock that makes up the continents and ocean basins. True False
6. The mantle is largely composed of ferromagnesian minerals such as olivine. True False
7. Seismic evidence indicates that rocks of the crust "float" in a molten mantle. True False
8. From the study of ancient compasses, it has become apparent that Earth's magnetic polarity reverse every 2,000 years or so. True False
9. Long, high, and continuous mountain ranges run through the middle of the oceans. True False
10. Hot, molten rock moves up from Earth's core, causing the continents to drift apart. True False
11. Which of the following statements about seismic waves is not true? A. In a P-wave the material vibrates back and forth in the same direction as the direction of wave motion. B. P-waves travel more rapidly than S-waves. C. Both P-waves and S-waves travel readily through molten rock. D. Seismic waves are reflected at boundaries between rock layers with different densities.
12. Geologists think that oceanic crust is different from continental crust because A. seismic waves travel at different speeds through these layers. B. oceanic crust is much thinner than continental crust. C. S-waves don't travel through oceanic crust while they can through continental crust. D. core samples reveal that oceanic crust is largely granite-like materials.
13. Earth's crustal layer is A. thicker under the continents than beneath the oceans. B. is composed largely of rocks rich in aluminum and silicon. C. less dense than the mantle material. D. All of the above.
14. Seismic waves show a sudden increase at the Mohorovicic discontinuity because the A. mantle material is so much hotter than the crust. B. composition of minerals on both sides of the layer is different. C. mantle is so much thicker than the crustal layer. D. mineral structure is different in this layer than in crustal rock.
15. Which of the following statements about Earth's core is true? A. Once molten, the core has gradually solidified as it cooled. B. P-waves cannot travel through this layer of Earth. C. The core makes up about 1/3 of Earth's volume. D. The core is mostly made of iron.
16. The asthenosphere is A. the uppermost layer of the mantle. B. the boundary between the mantle and the core. C. a plastic layer in which the lithosphere is imbedded. D. the solid, dense layer below the Moho.
17. The least dense rocks in Earth are found in A. the continental crust. B. oceanic crust. C. mantle. D. core.
18. Evidence that Earth's magnetic field has undergone numerous reversals can be found A. by noting the different behavior of the needles in ancient compasses. B. in the orientation of iron minerals that cooled in once molten rock. C. in samples of rock taken from Earth's core. D. None of the above.
19. Most of Earth's mass is contained in the A. crust. B. mantle. C. outer core. D. inner core.
20. The spreading of the sea floor along the Mid-Atlantic ridge is supported by A. changes in the orientation of magnetized rocks as one moved away from the ridge. B. the increase in the thickness of the sediment layer as one moved toward the continents. C. the large amount of heat escaping from the rift along the ridge. D. all of these support the sea-floor spreading hypothesis.
21. Evidence shows that Earth's magnetic field is diminishing with time and may reverse orientations by the end of the next A. 200 years. B. 2,000 years. C. 25 million years. D. 4.5 million years.
22. According to the plate tectonics theory, sea-floor spreading occurs at a A. subduction zone. B. convergent boundary. C. divergent boundary. D. transform boundary.
23. The San Andreas Fault is the site of a A. subduction zone. B. transform boundary. C. rift zone. D. convergence boundary.
24. The presence of an oceanic trench, a chain of volcanic mountains along the edge of a continent, and deepseated earthquakes is characteristic of A. ocean-ocean plate convergence. B. ocean-continent plate convergence. C. continent-continent plate convergence. D. ocean-continent plate divergence.
25. According to plate tectonics, new crustal material is created at A. divergent plate boundaries. B. ocean-continent plate convergence. C. subduction zones. D. ocean-ocean plate convergence.
26. The Himalayan Mountains were formed as a result of A. ocean-continent plate divergence. B. ocean-continent plate convergence. C. continent-continent plate convergence. D. the deformation that occurred along a transform boundary.
27. When an oceanic plate and continental plate converge A. the continental plate is subducted beneath the oceanic plate. B. the two plates buckle and uplift the crustal material. C. the oceanic plate is subducted beneath the continental plate. D. new crustal material is created at the boundary.
28. Japan is a group of arc islands associated with A. the convergence of two oceanic plates. B. the convergence of an oceanic and a continental plate. C. the divergence of two oceanic plates. D. None of the above.
29. The driving force behind the movement of oceanic and continental plates may be A. the rotation of Earth on its axis. B. movements of Earth's liquid outer core. C. adjustment of Earth's crust. D. convection cells within the mantle.
30. The Hawaiian Islands were formed as A. new crust was created at an oceanic ridge. B. the Pacific plate moved over a hot spot. C. the Pacific Plate was subducted beneath part of the North American plate. D. two oceanic plates in the Pacific converged.
ch18 Key
1. Evidence for the theoretical formation of Earth and the structure of its interior comes largely from deep core samples. FALSE
Blooms Level: 3. Apply Section: 18.01 Tillery - Chapter 18 #1 Topic: Earths Interior
2. P-waves travel through both solid and liquid rock, but S-waves cannot travel through liquid. TRUE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand Section: 18.02 Tillery - Chapter 18 #2 Topic: Earthquakes
3. The crust beneath the oceans is much younger than continental crust. TRUE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand Section: 18.02 Tillery - Chapter 18 #3 Topic: Earths Interior
4. The interior of Earth is molten from the heat produced by the intense bombardment Earth experienced during its formation. FALSE
5. The crust is a thin layer of granite rock that makes up the continents and ocean basins. FALSE
6. The mantle is largely composed of ferromagnesian minerals such as olivine. TRUE
7. Seismic evidence indicates that rocks of the crust "float" in a molten mantle. FALSE
Blooms Level: 3. Apply Section: 18.03 Tillery - Chapter 18 #7 Topic: Plate Tectonics
8. From the study of ancient compasses, it has become apparent that Earth's magnetic polarity reverse every 2,000 years or so. FALSE
9. Long, high, and continuous mountain ranges run through the middle of the oceans. TRUE
10. Hot, molten rock moves up from Earth's core, causing the continents to drift apart. FALSE
11. Which of the following statements about seismic waves is not true? A. In a P-wave the material vibrates back and forth in the same direction as the direction of wave motion. B. P-waves travel more rapidly than S-waves. C. Both P-waves and S-waves travel readily through molten rock. D. Seismic waves are reflected at boundaries between rock layers with different densities.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Section: 18.02 Tillery - Chapter 18 #11 Topic: Earthquakes
12. Geologists think that oceanic crust is different from continental crust because A. seismic waves travel at different speeds through these layers. B. oceanic crust is much thinner than continental crust. C. S-waves don't travel through oceanic crust while they can through continental crust. D. core samples reveal that oceanic crust is largely granite-like materials.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply Section: 18.02 Tillery - Chapter 18 #12 Topic: Earthquakes
13. Earth's crustal layer is A. thicker under the continents than beneath the oceans. B. is composed largely of rocks rich in aluminum and silicon. C. less dense than the mantle material. D. All of the above.
14. Seismic waves show a sudden increase at the Mohorovicic discontinuity because the A. mantle material is so much hotter than the crust. B. composition of minerals on both sides of the layer is different. C. mantle is so much thicker than the crustal layer. D. mineral structure is different in this layer than in crustal rock.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Section: 18.02 Tillery - Chapter 18 #14 Topic: Earths Interior
15. Which of the following statements about Earth's core is true? A. Once molten, the core has gradually solidified as it cooled. B. P-waves cannot travel through this layer of Earth. C. The core makes up about 1/3 of Earth's volume. D. The core is mostly made of iron.
16. The asthenosphere is A. the uppermost layer of the mantle. B. the boundary between the mantle and the core. C. a plastic layer in which the lithosphere is imbedded. D. the solid, dense layer below the Moho.
17. The least dense rocks in Earth are found in A. the continental crust. B. oceanic crust. C. mantle. D. core.
18. Evidence that Earth's magnetic field has undergone numerous reversals can be found A. by noting the different behavior of the needles in ancient compasses. B. in the orientation of iron minerals that cooled in once molten rock. C. in samples of rock taken from Earth's core. D. None of the above.
19. Most of Earth's mass is contained in the A. crust. B. mantle. C. outer core. D. inner core.
20. The spreading of the sea floor along the Mid-Atlantic ridge is supported by A. changes in the orientation of magnetized rocks as one moved away from the ridge. B. the increase in the thickness of the sediment layer as one moved toward the continents. C. the large amount of heat escaping from the rift along the ridge. D. all of these support the sea-floor spreading hypothesis.
21. Evidence shows that Earth's magnetic field is diminishing with time and may reverse orientations by the end of the next A. 200 years. B. 2,000 years. C. 25 million years. D. 4.5 million years.
22. According to the plate tectonics theory, sea-floor spreading occurs at a A. subduction zone. B. convergent boundary. C. divergent boundary. D. transform boundary.
23. The San Andreas Fault is the site of a A. subduction zone. B. transform boundary. C. rift zone. D. convergence boundary.
24. The presence of an oceanic trench, a chain of volcanic mountains along the edge of a continent, and deepseated earthquakes is characteristic of A. ocean-ocean plate convergence. B. ocean-continent plate convergence. C. continent-continent plate convergence. D. ocean-continent plate divergence.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Section: 18.03 Tillery - Chapter 18 #24 Topic: Plate Tectonics
25. According to plate tectonics, new crustal material is created at A. divergent plate boundaries. B. ocean-continent plate convergence. C. subduction zones. D. ocean-ocean plate convergence.
26. The Himalayan Mountains were formed as a result of A. ocean-continent plate divergence. B. ocean-continent plate convergence. C. continent-continent plate convergence. D. the deformation that occurred along a transform boundary.
27. When an oceanic plate and continental plate converge A. the continental plate is subducted beneath the oceanic plate. B. the two plates buckle and uplift the crustal material. C. the oceanic plate is subducted beneath the continental plate. D. new crustal material is created at the boundary.
28. Japan is a group of arc islands associated with A. the convergence of two oceanic plates. B. the convergence of an oceanic and a continental plate. C. the divergence of two oceanic plates. D. None of the above.
29. The driving force behind the movement of oceanic and continental plates may be A. the rotation of Earth on its axis. B. movements of Earth's liquid outer core. C. adjustment of Earth's crust. D. convection cells within the mantle.
30. The Hawaiian Islands were formed as A. new crust was created at an oceanic ridge. B. the Pacific plate moved over a hot spot. C. the Pacific Plate was subducted beneath part of the North American plate. D. two oceanic plates in the Pacific converged.
ch18 Summary
Category Blooms Level: 2. Understand Blooms Level: 3. Apply Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Section: 18.01 Section: 18.02 Section: 18.03 Tillery - Chapter 18 Topic: Earthquakes Topic: Earths Interior Topic: Plate Tectonics # of Questions 6 16 8 2 12 16 30 3 16 11

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Blooms Level: 2. Understand Section: 18.02 Tillery - Chapter 18 #2 Topic: Earthquakes

6. The mantle is largely composed of ferromagnesian minerals such as olivine. TRUE

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