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.- Pata'mtml'aer meih15tt:bU:to um hi(inpao funcio.~ Va.IrlllS Cl1U;lsideuiM!1ll1t ~Sf0 -de urn. -adiib' fram,: ¢utto t(1I,i1P~$tQ ae:~iis~ ,~~'6u4~ p~~ia~ ~-;~- ou~q~:;. o'-it~. ~liGti.l· .0'·ett~i]lbnotledtsso'~-, M"a ~~;oc+' ~iddo,eth .. .8~lilcadl-tamp·:,.·,;·oe'n'fel"iFe' .tantr(3; Q/ ,~dkde!,nU~MTtQsea: li:~tsl. IDlililF.2t,ada~ stiB~ .e
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'quantidades em mols no lJUg.ar das

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~,:-IV~,.:. ,~,
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,gaui,~la!

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,Uma:fI0.1~att oontMdo' ,¢ott~~rtftri~~Q g,~,9~1t9'-~~~lsta_t::~-~;,- _ _ mde ilJ~UcrIDfiama urn '£mdo,<'Q~/~g;'ctetj) '~Ai~Q,l)a_c;L~ ahg~', .5 ~;ji~:t_. ~~~ 0 aci~bJtse pec:tet'rt .:~ y!t;t:i, ~'_-;' $.i'm!U:z~; 1?~1'*~,l:ee~q:H:i' :~lT'~ ~ p~1t§, e ; ·.:ate; la~a ,ttl ~OlitQ rt~"q~~aq\lat est~qM1~clri~te ~~iQ;a1:m .~. db e bl:~£Pra@ ~6tt¢l~!-~~J. thvQm~nte/,1fit1 ~ rnitiid1Ol' ~:pi; l? u~aJt() ~~~~,:mijQ~LP' prqp.el&{) da I~.,ae:, pm II ~Folf~it9 ~ ~ _:.~ ,", l~i~,d~'pHi'lJ!Dl,gtm(ta cite"pH em £un~~O,::' t5,vcilum~ a-'~'tj:fq1gp.~,l1!'_~:;.r'J.·~ A £f)-~_~;aa~ Irifrtitpl~6 t<r~ P(t.$.>);~la~t~~,o f)I.l,"ta ~k j entiaM tihtlat;go. ,A ~va 'CW tit(;da.~e PAdet~~e$ ~~4a-:pa'ta
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.·.·.r~·a, detitulacao produzida quando-uma lJase fQrree adicionada a UJi1 -~~,t~ 0 formate geral mostrado na Figura 17.6~Essa .C!UIa descreve a ----'i:-~ rl,~pH que- ocorre apropor~~oque O,it}O mot/L de NaDEl e adicionado ..e "-. Lde 0,100 m01lL deHf.LO pH pode se_r calculadoem varies estagi_O:s ·l\ata(J;'. Para ajudar _a entenderesses oaleulos, podemo$ dividir a curva em

~_te~ oes,;:: - :;'ilt:1·~

'bai IJJ! ....
Y;f:(i;

. '12Jfmicial: opH daaolueaoantes da adi9ao. de qualquer base e determinado pel!:? acidoforte. Para Luna so', ,~a:o 0,100 1Jl91/L delIC1l, [H+] = 0..100 11101/L e, com isso ..apH - -log (0 100)== l,JJQO. A&sItn, o pI{inicial· '"de
c-

~~,~11i

... primeiro Ientata ~ente, depois, -rapidamente, nas proximidades do ponto de equivalencia. 0 pH da solut:a.o antes do ponte de eqiriv alencia e.cil.etetminado pela concentr~.ao do ~cido ainda liab fbi neuttalizado. Esse calculo e ilnstt~adoem .llC 0lI10 fazer' 17',~6:(a)ji,~ .. Ronto de eqit-ivalfincia-;rto ponto de equivalrm.cia uma quantidade de-materia i~ de NaQa e fIG reag~.I' ·ilteixando apenas uma.solucao de seu sal, ·NaCl. 0 pJI da's:olt;t~ao,e. 7/OQpQrq_ue·0 cation de umah_9~e forte fnessecaso Na +) e o anion de urn aciq.o forte (hesse rasa ell nao. hidrolisamc nao tem efeito apreciavel no p::H;~1~ (Secao 1 :.~,' ~ tJepofs tlo pO'niO'deequivf.lle11.cia: opFI da s:ol-lI~Oap OS o ponte de eq_mva!;_encia e· deterrninado pela concen trar~a""""o=-' excesso de Na Q,··';:_·H·' ~v ..:,.~ .~ E'sse .caleul _ .,:' 'I&i: Iustrad IO'I·e··~1"C orrro fazer _' 1". '7_:'.:' _[6"<fl....);'=' -. na sel ucao, < do .'.... ~.:_, 1Ii.-..Cl1' ~. il~" ·c_ ._.'.'

Entre f) pH:nici41 e .0 ponto de equivti.l:~'J,'icia: it medida que NaDH ~ adicionad

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.~_:: :~=~~#Ca,~_O- ¢ ~ete~sit,l~ 9~0 p.H-,vai'iaJittt.it9 ~~~id.~J!nte F;r6;Q1ro.Q:gP~:,;tn d_- eq~-:v;a --e'ilma;·-I - - _ a i -:._ - ~ - ~I.: ,_,meI~ um.~"IJIC~ due ttftJ1~e te p..Q,Mva.r,.ar- Q pl1 f/!'Ql~,,-, anas-lll'lidad;es;. P-ortm' co, U·'·; - m.dil!R_d.-qJti;' -~.-~. -,.
~Jja:ca~a&p·d~eeJ',ar.nil!~~_'}~tt),n~_~'t~te-:-~:J11m~QM-c~ade'u.brla~e!Jom~-_ ~_·;:t"'L·""""'---e':-e,t;_ exata. d.! ~'-tlmf!- d~ titt.llan_-e' ;t1'ec~,sari()- Pa1J3atingir' Q, ..,Ohtn de

; ~'~hita ma:~ ~

i!1~A 1lbijljgi ~~dtl ~tiatia de C:6t llQ pOlilO Cle= ,qUiva ,-e_ri,c~!t;~ uma tifWJJ¢ior~~'-_~~ v ~
€,pjf;]tl@n_~ .. Ql

7,

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~'-tulaS'a(3 na qual 0 indicador muda deeor ii, chamade pen to fina.l1 para ~ui-l0 do ponte real deequiv_atettd~l que estamuite proximo. _ '. ~ --I Figura, 1'7 ~:6 vemes que o 'pH' varia 'muito 'rapidamente de ·4 1a,e!· cerca [ ,_Nr.PXitnb';::U)I pqnto de equivalencia. Consequentemente.nrm irtdk:ador -_ ~s·a_e·t.itll~a·qJj;~s acid,o~b:a,se forte pode mudar de cor emqualquer.lugar ixa... ~. ' .. titas titulac o:~'e'" cid .\::J'- ':U"_- se for'-'te 'a rea'-'!i'":'-'"~j,.::: "~ ",.Q'~' usand n 'fen 01£': Mu, ' o-ba .... zada _' !If~~' ~,i ',' '. ~~,'. ~,:.' FI-" 'l_-lEfl..A;.J.:; ,4 1 ~);:P-y .., o,r':~q- U" .e ela ra ,,~, ,.-7 ," :. _I.: " ''il'''I'~: : d'" 'I-:""',!:If,~ti' c a .me :,.:li:-a d a zn c,a:'~r.. ~ - ,.- _.R 'PO' rmo"I in die d-" o I, ~ ,~:: - ..fai)ta. A p8l'tir tia-F:g~~r:a 16.7 que a feno1fta Iefn11varia detol' de ~ =: ;a'IS' a l.O~,O,~, Va:rl0'S' outros f1'_dI~c .. adoresseriam satisfatorios, inclusive 0: ver .... , __ '0 demetila, que rrruda de cor de ,pili -~ 4:,,2,a I~'/O (Flgur,~ :_1~7',!!:7.)~ A ~htlaJ~,ao, uma sal u\;io, de base forte C'QlJl uma 'SQJtl~~,a,ol ~acid,oforte de de . u~ir:ia umacurva de_pH analoga oersus oacido adicionado, Entretan.JtQ . • ',:€,elS0, () pH's€'fia l'nai-or' nQ uueio da titulaga.o· e mais baixo no final, como ,Ja,d'() na .Fi~]_~a 17,~:8,~,
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~~curva para.a tifula't;8)o de: um acido fraco .po~r ma base fortee multo siu ~~_-~~".l'O formate aq~·el:ap:ar;·a a ·titula~,~,o ,dIE:.lQD. a,ci,~dQ: orteper umabase forte, f .~idete, pOI ex:el11plo, a curva cle'titulal~at) .de bO/n-mLL de O;lOOmoI/Lcle~d.~fico (HC~H3'O~) O,lO.o.mol/L.de N aOH mostrada naFigura 17.'9. Pocom __ $' calcularc pH nos pontes ao Iongo dessa curvausando Of? prinrfpios Q
1

(a)

iCOmO rro C;B,S'O d',atitulacao d,e "tun ?a-cidlo! forte, J!JD.;il, base forte, podernos dividir a curva em quatro ,I'e'gi,Q,e's':: mH-' .exa tam , :,' 1- 7}H,-':' in icial: e·~:~·~:""". "e~', __ "'e" TI' ,··t>~ :0.1 p.-H, de ·~O· lO'~IO:' mol z'L d ~e,-·'i r .~ r ""···.~, ~l-,

ab-oi-daTIlos anteriortnente.
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HC1H'lQ, ..Fizec:rno\$.calculos d.esse tipo na:S'et;,[o 16.6. 0 pH calcu.lado d~e0,,100 molrL de HC2Hs,02e 2~89. .. _. Entre '11 pH inicial e =p potLto de equititdel1ci'a: cpara determinar 0 pH nesta ,f;~i~~[,al devemos t'on_,~j4,e-t(ar'a neutraliz .. ac;~.d.d(5 a,c~~,o~,

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Antes de ,a,tjLngj:rP:Ol1.tOde equivalencia.parte '10 de ,HILJ,~Q~ie~ rieutralizada.para formar -. ;C-"'-,'H O~',_,-P,---":rtanto , ;0', :a'-,·.s'-.,O' .1"l,'"1!(':]a;·,Q> ti:~m~ con 1,19nII'a'~" ,t.~"' de mistura ,,-;.
:

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A abotdagem que--tGm~1nOS 11(): calculo. do pH nessa re'giao cia eurva de titulaciio envolve.duasetarras. Primeire.consideramos a relicalQ d€ .~." .c ' -. ~,_ 'nE!t)tr;Uiz~,c;ab entre ,flC2HjOl e',orr para determinar as concentra~'tj.e c!e:H,IC.2B3021 e C2.»':3'o,2~ n.. s.Qlu~'~,o,~ m ;s,'~'gLliq,a"calculamos .!o! pH .. s a E .desse P.. r l;a~ ,'_'" 0';' u-sa.n'-:; d'0,,:'1, O,:·~S'.,1 ·P---"I·r'O~·C'i'Zl'd:'1·""""IQ",t.-o:-~· d e:senv '0' vidos .n,~,~ a iL"I~. P:aS'e~~o'e,s~: e':l,7,~210 proeedimen1.J(I1~l-' te :g-eralesta.re'Pl''esentailo 'na Pi'gura 17.10 e ilustrado em "Como
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de ,,~q:ui~1J:aIJ€.n.ci,(l,:' 9 ponto de equivalenoia e ;atm:gid,o "~PIO,~' adi§ ~iao de.SO"O .ml. de -0,10'0 mGI/L de N',aOH- a 5(liIO~:,rtiJ ~,de 0,;1-00 Inol-1 L 3 de -HCH~(li.N~esse F®:fito~,l5,OO X '10- mol de Na,OH teage- c(jmpleta~ , tnentedom~/OO'I~ 10-3'mol de HC:;).H302para formel"5,OO x 10~ mol d sal NaC;_H_g.O,. ()iQn_N~.~- dE$;oosal P;~o tern efeitq' signm~a.t!Vp no' pH. EntretantQ;r 0 ion(!,~:O:z- e LIma bi1l$e fracq" e:·QpH~1:Q;'ponto deequi- __ l'e~ncia e:,l -cOl:ls;eqiient,emeIlte"l Inaio',r 'qu,e 7',~ ,lattO'1 CJp~ 110 p,on~~' De: e:q""'uivalel1Ci,lft es·:t,a.. ~setnp',:,;rtl:,a~oi:m'a, ~de: 7' elll. 'Ullla titttI:a"c-a;!o: ,a,ci.:-·-'·
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-'

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4~ P~"Q~d'VpfYht{i"~ire~ tf~til;r,lC~'::1'~~/~" r~~,:f:la,amvad~ti~ami' (:Olrl :¢ia ·~'.Em~() de wntap . 12' ezwel se"CQmp:aI~da ~ rOFIl ~ ~ftSSd de NaQH, P<¥iPlanttj· ~ pH,~ "dE!tetfnirtaaa <1ila tofifMftf~ .~:..,'~c:~",', --:,"":'_"'~'::."-" .~'::,:,:':-:~. .,";; •J:,~' .".~<" ~':-', 'h:':";".' .:._': ,,~, ;,';i'o; ':\0'"' ~ :, ,;~ " ..::,'. ",.:·;:"~,c,,:,~,~ ~~._:~:.~"c-"_c~'- _}" ')" <'~,:~' ,...P,lff?tPctg ICQ.ro filqlJ21~F~A' ~~~~',,,: _ > >~~"~~'-~011 dp,.',~iC~~. ,~a-()H. Q met~flo ;pam ~ru~al"(\) H n~ I~lc1" ~ p ..: mrid~1 ~:Fte bas:~fmtE:ll11s~a- em. flC(l¥\O~~J;lf.6(;b)""~ p.Qtt~tq~ajldi~Q q~Sl~O.lDLde O~lonIB,' NaOB'a, So.~~,i\'c'L:"d@a,lQQl~"~,q]ji,-;~~ Q\l a~;tD]J'm~d/l~ I!~H?f)_F-_r~~ Q"~@ Het .:.,e piH; fi,mO:j
v;
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, ,-"·~j'.~~:e~n'I:IO: ,p~JLiri1,ejrp·:~e~'j~mQ;s,~detelmin~t·,al$ Iqt~afitiCJtld:es··~~;mate~ia· at2i.dtffrac() e.base forte que ":~' de tran .'. - ·~,os,~ fsst~frt:ei:s,d.if'a,,9_tlattto' da base CJ~njug.a(la,d()r ..acid'e~fta.t:ofb:i·p,ro,d'urzit:ta~, e podemos a,cl1,ar<I@;pWtlSt2l'i'-'.d.'·',a'" -.::~...,~__ ..... '"~~(~8li(~0,nstattte_de,.,e·q'.·I.uih1J-rio~ .' :,' .," .,,'. ~ • -.. '.-- "~" ... • • -' ~. '1. .. .-..,:

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a neutralizacae.de unl'.a~idQ b~co~;r(!n\l~a base (;lc;mjhgzuia ccrrespondente I esperarOQ~9}le 0 pfl.-seja b;i~~QIntTp9P"O

Cle: cquivalfmcia.

Planejamentoe ·,d~emos ]pr.im:e1t{%l~"determin:aT. qual a quantidade'~·d,e~maTtl~!ia·:',d,e ,atintt acelico que 'ex-is.te~n1i:a;aJllleItte .. 16$'9' no~di~aq~:aI a 'qtte~x.i~ijraIl~5:o1~~aO_~Qponte de equiv~iem;~~ eHl~_·•. ..D~ depois, determiner o"valui1te .fIrud !ia !Bt1)i'li~n"Fesultantee' it cohcentra~iiDde Lo,it acetate, A partir desse' ponto ·.c· e sit.nplesmerrte urn :prt)blem,a d,e'~ e:q~]~j1;il?:rd:0)de ~~s,e~ ' tt~ca, 'CiO'lllCJ ,t)s,'Cl,J~· :S'els;ao :1~'~·7·11

qu(l~tidicie'd~~~~~d~o~ ~~etafu

Re'so'lu~iao:a ~Qlt~~ij_ode~tf"id:Q,C\P~~~~~9.Dt~~Jl~ x lO"3, .mol d~BC~O~. Cpns.equ§u1te;tnente;, ::5,~OI x 10 ~ .m _- ,","' ' C11-I3,'01e formado, €) volurrre .. ',de:ss.. a/801t.l,~at)~,ldi,:sal.,e soma" d'ds\· ·vo~Iu:fru~'~S ,acI\fl.:o .e.da 'Q1ts.e:j ,5,O.t0rnl.+.50~IO.tnL;=: - , a, do

rot :..o~ldO.o,'L~Fo'r:tant~,!:,a IQOfl:cel'lt'i,atii'Q·",Ote, :

C~fd~,Ql~lie:

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'Cru_~~ p, 'pH l1Q Pijf[tu ~~ eq~iv(llu~_~y~ (if) :4Q~nl~ le~I~i2id:~j~ep,dfj~ ~C~Q~ lirt__: ~tiO'~)fJJJi- hi~,e:Ob.t--Qj.~drmU'l[}-L d~Ii&\Dgr(i) 4;~ig-ri:':d~~.d;a:QtJ~~t.iL;fi~(NF·~:~~1r':~i~~~--~:I~lOh:*G1-1Ld~~H~L ,-~- -,

~,,.3.

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~":,.;~'~'~t~'~.~"'dis.~utr'-'~l'd:a::d~amet1t~:g.~~de·e ~ne1tarde dQ,:e~duto = 'S'eln\,iti~~¢·-,~ ~Ql!i.---:.,.. . :;;_ ~~., .. ,;:.'"-:smn~ae,a q_ttfPl~.fli,d~'~rQ_e di8:~OIve'J.;;:.::.a '""'"""";: se £0~iitt"'tnna soluc;:itO ~n:tr~~a. ~
~

-.

-_

i j-dad:e
-_ ~"":.. ~

e~-I( "n~.1
....

Capitula

1·7\ Aspectlo's .adj.l~ioTlais dos ieq'uUlbrio.s aq1JO~19S

__"'~'::

.,ieiiad'·· Ie'. so 'uto.·.··'.'q" ~~

;~_ .' :'.~" _-<.'
:1',.=
j

Jeralrnente

e expressa em gramas
0'-

de solutopor 1'fro de.aclucac (giL) A solubilidademolare a qua -.'. ,' " s·,,~·~;~s:' ~o. ·.~~')~·d0-' 'u-, n<>'li'ftro;' . d" ':'~-;i,v··e;' .. a~l' ~u-~a_:o',s:::ai~'~a::~~· ~ s·.o·';'I'~I:t~'(:' m'- ··l·:-j'L·· ):.• '-A;' 'c'a-n' ls~·t·"~~'l· .-~.- .... _ ' 'd:a'd' ··'e·····-~~ -L,utj,··'.A·,
I

...;;;......,..._

~ solubilidade (K~ constante de equihbrio p~a 0 equilibrio entre' urn solido ioruco' e sua'solur;aasatu ',c~_, .~ '.s@iubilidaae de uma substancia pode variar censideravelmente ,~medida que as c9nCEfu.tra~oe$. dos ,0'. rt -. _ ~',_,·QS~-vai~.'~·arrt~ A solubilidade .. Mg(QH)2_1' pi~r exemplo, depende sebretudo d 0 pH,~, solubilidade tambe .,.: de A. pelas concentracoes de.outros Ions tml!,j:olm;ao, especialrrrerrte Mg". Em contraste, a eenstantedoprodu '"""""""".lI:.:~fuilidadel~, tem apenas urn. UnicQ valor para.certo :SQlq:to 'at uma temperatura especffica, " -_,-pru"lcipio ,Ie: possfvel llsa:r 10 valor de .K~···,- de. urn ,;",,;" para ealcular a solubilidade sob UID,ff variedade decondi ·l~:;;·',' :~." sal .~. ~- ,:'~:~,;a,p:r,t;iticaf deve-se tomar.muito cuidado ao faze-J:.tfp"ela'srl;az,oie,s indieadasno quadre "Um olha ~maisde pie ..;'i:. ':e'as lim itac.;.O dos produtos desolubilidaderia es Se~aoI7.~. concordancia entre-a solubilidade medida A - "Slada a partir de K,P "c.·~ geralmente e melhor para sais cujos ions tern cargasbajxas (1+ e 1-)e- naose .hidroli !".,~,.' .·AFlguI a 17,. 4- reSUJI)!eas re acoes entt.e as varras expressoes de solubi ]dade e. Kp~.
1 ~ :" ._ -" " : .: .:' _. ': -' , . ..., , . _,~ _. . :' ''./.: ,,'., ' -. ' ,• -. • -:-I -

e'a

'.'

'CilL·"·

":.JlJ.l-."

"·:L·'O~

•. \:':.,··.

".

':LLll.J;::'·

,,'.

0'"

:.,',I!i[.,

,'"'-._",,«,.\.:::1,1,,..'.1,.,

_.,'.',

,,,','.

,·.GIj,.I.~ll;-,."

.. ~!ja:

"

'_

.•

,'-"~'-

".,

."

...

",,'

.,"'"

.. ,'

"-

I'

,-

': ....

."

'.,

..

._.

,il

'.

-.

:.:

=r»: ""'1..

".

'I'

.. ;'--_,'

' ..

'_' ...... ':~'.

~ .....

'.. ~

"'-'

..

L.~.

"J"-

. ,';';"'

;',._':'

o.

c· _~_.~

,.:,

"

'-c:'~:-,

'-" . "'::-'~ ":":;:

c',

'..'

.'.

'.'.'.

'. •

--

·~~e,Ul1"~a,~e, ' ~':";.... . t'.....

.d.~'.~ •••

:e', 'lli~" - l;;..·m~- ~.' A~

'0 ..

molar' .,ac;
.
,f'

ta;B;lpt);$.t'~l' llJ@LfL). (
" ',:.

:...

ae ions
_. .."~ .... II.

..J

","'.

~q~a:~i~' ·girUfliliriile :aeXpr.e~saop,Glra do

A;g',··~C.rO'ti'·(·:S')· "
"" '.',£,j,.

'.~ '"n~a'i:se"f01 nos d,a-da:l! .~6'n,,~[entra~;aQ' ~-q1)i4b~rjQ Ion.prata ~~ uqt~:,sp~u,¢~~-Q · no do, saturada de cromato :,d:ti'.'praf,a_,.; painT A missio" pede-s .. d _~ferritillat',(jvalor' Ida cortStamte (tel produto 'dt~~· e s",olutrilitla.·cI·e.p~ara ::adissolueac de cremate :d..e'·p::rata. - , .
1<1$ "s~tX
"'~)',
I! .... '.' . . ....., .' . , '., -

"":Il:""

''''_ 2A.g·::"'(.(lQ·:-:)'

' -,

,+ C,l"'O: ·~-{aq~· ..,)·,

-'"'!; .\ ".

~K~~"['Ap:]~ =. 0.' ·[·CtO'.'I:~l·'-'

t)l',i""
'::t ."

Planejamento: ~~hem9sq~~l ·'0 equilibrio, [Pig;,,"] ,-1/3 xl0-4'mol/L; Toad'S:os'Ions Ag e C-r042"'etn-;·oIUl~a{).saopro~:< ru,ente's, de A:lgi'Ct.Q4 :qur " se: dissolve. A P~lIJtilfita-:f:drn1 ula.quinuca ~o cremate d·e~plr.·~.~a·I.._sa~be'mlo:.s~ 'qu:~>Q~~v,en~,~_ exi ._' ii ~;:"ens,A,g +" em,·sol:t!..~·aQ paracada ion erO, 2- em solu~ao."eoI\Seqj1_eI1t~entg, concentra~aode CrO~!l-ea meta : a d~~·c.,Qn~e'nlr.a,:~ap AS'"~' "qe:
'[C'. ~"A '2:-1,.' ,(lV 4 .

._'
"

"1;,3 x·10:•

-L' ..
"

mol

d,e A;'+

~: '1~trtol,de CrOI.il .. :
J ,.;

'2 mol de A,g,

..'

,"

==.

6' 5 :'1'!O~__;5'.,.. ':l/',"L

,':0-.

'j"~'

'. '... ,

D'lQ,:,

,,'

.aesolu~a(:):p.odemps a$ora·cal:~ulljl;r0 valorde K,. . n'''::' . w r[ A'..:rr '-]'[~'C·· 0" 2-]' (1 ,,j x ~:'---!!;)'\-I~;J) t: X I' O,~-S)··: 11' ..:>(:I"IU l''''''': ~'1" ' :_(J6 .l'.:,s. :~' ),:,~, "I ,... .r <,I '4 ,~~. -I.O II.' ~ =- ..,:1, :JEssevalor estade.aec!,JYdo' com o dadQ'no ~pendice ~, 1,2 ~ ur"
<.

fJ

<r-

1 .

~p '·:',ATIQ--E,

Uma solucao saturada tde.Mg(OM)7.;.e. n t'01tta~t'(J'ieom o:,s:'oJ:id:(j lla~€.rd.sselvido e~plrep!aJ;·adia a 2·5!Q·C,~~'E·nc:(1'Fltr,a~:c . e ,Iida~ol~~c;ao.,elDI17. SUPO:hdiO quel\iJ:g(OH}z ,di~t$Q~~~e. e~H!Ple~ente.exn~a~ae'que nag l?~tem 9~.trQ'~~~1 '.~_-~ . '.. .." 1"'h ... 'I' d' ;·0 ,..... 'M"':;+ '0" '.~' .'-'I' - ~ - - ';;;':~l- ..·~1 K'"..~~ _. , . .. ',,' ," ~l'IP,,~~talle;QJS envo_'v.',e;t}.:~ .P~lions" '~:g' ou i, P ,p.a ._8'0ucao, carcute ,'~, ~p;ara- esse comp',bsttl~ } ~eslios~ttl':' )(·"10 1,6
1

....

'

., .. _"'or)

_£

"aa :e"estrit"_:1l1"ettte;vf~rd'ijdeit;0,apenas,p'9-Ia sQ.l:u·~'Oe;s muito dilufdas, Os valores des constantes Ide e:I.,JE.:Ij,..m..JL.!!.. alterados quendo a c:o,n,C're:ntra¢fi'o totaldesubstancias ;~oi1iease~m-~guauntenta~:-E~tt.~tant·Q~;,,-",on,Q!>-·· a '. -, ~~··ev,~dtr-;)ts.- CO'I1.S'~-d~ra:~~,ol em ,a;Fe.~·a:~· trabalhos que necessitam Ide 18;KG ep'c:-anal exalitla.o,~ p'a,ra,
I',
1

tia e:a,'q~.t_' dadllLqu_~ p,~,(1e.-- . - _..~ $e:di-'sQ::3feE t,ell~1:1fBl.. ~e~rrr~l:!;':-'i~~." ~. - ,'- .~._,

tte
:., ... :.. __

llQI:~,Q-_~tet'Jefttif1:.1;amt5;a:!',~9i~tt

l'

:.~:

-:_._

":_:.

'~_l~~~~'

.; •• ~'

••• ~

~:,_ m "~-'_ Ff,i~nl$~ ~b0i"m eb'Se!<p ~tlID1~'lfIlt 1i~&:' ~mi~r;tS:-~tili~ :pa!ta.'l}f!~s61, e><-pt.,15T~s a~ t~'l.:_·: ;$Ul:_~h'a~~iJfu®~::~lJt- ~P~ s~. ~~_'if(:~t;) rl:iB8e"_~'j[d~;J1J~~& qju~~ ¢~~IU,/,~tle:CaE~ dl$s;,.(-i~~e~f\.;, ~~ It\§tR,~-,-·,_;, q11l~,rt.lo :·~.l·e~~~\-~I~{bnQ l,@d:,.;~ f,or' ~ff
= ',_:;
'iIi.__

I.

-._

J!fd'~r.Q.d~t,tQ :fl~ubrt4~trf .~':,;~."c;e ,d~' 1Hh~

'j"

'-."-.1' ~

..

_.' ., . - ,

...".

,",-'

,,""'!!!:"-.

'4;.

.-.:n:.. ..r
-I
.= I,',:

.;.1-/:~""Lr :x.,m0, "'~'_ _ . ~":-... '1

-~~

(IIern.hl,_i!! ~e,d~®~ =If r;. I'!U~;'cal~"-' ua~-:~ma,de-1Jm P_:iIfu~Q"V9IJijPP(~--~~. ,,::2.8: ~Q. em m'-'c€2d>·til -1,ttS$m;',~ ",'tJlub.ili",Ia.tI,e-~iiitBiI,ar' de' ·CtlF~ 1tt2fi~ *i:lu··'~ 1 . ,. . 1 .'1 ._ ~ ,-.' ~ ,&em 'x '=2!~, - ..-" .-, ..... ~ laQl/L~,. A/m~,' Ide C[B- 'Jti,c! IS,'--. i~~lS01ve.',:enl! =SS'~1: 'd -=-.- .. " -_ "~:f!Ua 6- "~' mtiif g_OO'Uffrp,de ~ll1~"e ~. . _- ,
c.....
~"'!...
jl!T -. .. -_ ...::-~ -._1_ ~~.:-:: .... ,...:, ~II,.",,"=,-'" 1-_ -.~..... ". ':...

v:Y

11

"............ -~
!~

~q',

_..

_"..:JJ_-

_-.._

--:_

.... _ ..

I'

~~-

..........

~a"l'Ii _Fi:.

'\'2,t ' *-~tJ~J~~o~~de; (::~2 I.L de ,se,lt1m o,

,

-~,::

e
:As_(11ub;ilitim1if;@d:ec~ '''~Q,~~ci~e a£eiaida mQ':~~ p'la t~~tu.t~r ,m~~_till»b~ ptiap1'~e-~- :tt',~s salut(js. A.»:': __ P];~SI&LOlde \Ull :a'1i~o'l';Ol:~e'tt{p'la~ l'ode ttT m:,I~O:rlaiitemlL~~a.Qa .,sal-;milidade },e .€Ze"',~-.,',r=:·.<: ~'~ - -- .~. ,-. ,. _ " .,._- ..
'fahcr,a~, N!a SBc?J"o l./!··4C'frl~ .. -ld,~~as
'. 10
'-._-':-~,~~~'__ --" -':.",1 .. -, ---,_" .-_'--"

aldrlss.olu:e-afo~d~ll1r(nm~,c,S;t;m~l&llC;o,L';em u ·~;lX'Ua"~tltf.a -_- -""_--:",-~~_ Nesr'a ~;ec;it111.. ff:~<anu.~~'~ ~'~ -"'r,E _-v§~_£ijfQf~s qu;_eai~'a1sr{ul1m_llatle .. QOl'lJP.QSlQs i~Wc~.;.~ ·'ntSen:~_ .tieiong.;,.c"m~, 'Q pH qa_s91~it1 ~~ _ de .-~~il ~~~goote$ ~on1,?l~a:Mti$.V}etg-ro!r· fBlh1J:)&tL .r;, ';enOOnea0-~'~Ait1i~rt.a~P/·i[t1e ~~:tatel~9i~R~dQ :e-am.:e.s- -~ :;·.···Jt.~·1 '~pH,qu~o :ties;,a;gm,.t~tQ~le"~t~~:.. d ~ , -'-:'_'-;".--:-"'0' d~""A··l'-:n'n""·'" r:Am-"'~u'rrn .e_ ~
"="-". ".",.' ..
"':= ,;,.,.: -'"'.-''~ •• '''
'.,1' .. , _ ,,'-';~ _ •• _ ., ~.-': •• _ '-'''Il'..:
•• ..... __ .~~ _~ ~ -..:' _:

»: _-=

.....

:.-

x>»

-.,--,-

..

,-,

,-

I~~."-

-"IoIi ...

:r..

~~

I:,:.

L~'

'~"_:.

~:~"_

-=i ::.:~

-.

. _ .__ . de ea~{~IJl~~~~"Du:F~:~~r:r 'C;[i,;OI rleli~: a. soluo{i1-'l,d~,!"el(df~"C:~~'1 i'lresen~a . _ ... s:01.\ ~. . _ _. _.aeslo.taIFfdo. o eQ.u"llWx~'b;.·i~~:I '~-',_ r ~-:"5 - . ~1 i· ~'1 ' eml~I,ltlla ... ,.;.,; _ _.~. ~ --.._ ... ~ _ .:~'ql! Ca.J1~ ]poore: a :es.~uerda-·'
=:

Azua T:rur,a [c'_'" r· -U 10-~:J

~ i?

.'"

I
I

11r----L.--f

..... JJW"'~ __

--.c=rs:=._a: -~dl.;J;~d na solubilidadce outra -aplicat.;io' do efeito do _, cemum. on ~tjao 17.1) ..i.<geraI,.a solubilidadede umsfalligeitil1nfntesolupel'e, r:li1:nltl'l,{fda ' teenca de tm eeoundo salut'Q ouefomeo - 1JJ11on C01'nt!111 A FigllI'a :'1:7'15; mos i ':."'~>_,;: ,..'..ilidade ,.'•' die CaF:Q diminui~,~:' a rnedida '.'. quer- aF e -,a,-icionado a 60'-' ...;~.. ~.>~_", -' ..0:' -,-":,,: .'••••.,., .~'", ..-'~, ,i:',: ~., .'· "0 a selu . "COmO fazer li12'f'e mostrado como, .Kp~.pode ser usa do, paa _ ~' o.::~~ a .solubilidade de urn sal ligeiramente sol (tvel-~l1.a preS.ffi1c;a de "Lfi11 "1'011

. Em
I;

1--

',>

.'~

r '.

::'"

'c~.-

r 1\-=0
C,.ollc:el1.tr:q_~~·ao' de 'N'aP" ,(n,ol/L} F·lgu,ra 17'!,1"S 0 le,fe'1' da to' co nc entra··c·--:.a~"o~'· e N·' ~'F' 'n-':-;-a-·,soI.ub·H:id'a,de, de C,aF,2 dernonstra 0 e~fejtodo fon cemum, Observe que ,a-' olubilidade de C,eFz: est6: em IU's ·es~· ',r;,a' 1?3 [,0·'' , :. r-~... mlc :?i: I;:t,. u ,-_~:.!
\....'.. 1_.: "_" .' ',' r S' " ~. d:=-:.'
. [~ '_." ':

. ~~.' \.#r-.~.

[.-_c··

'g' ,'. [- .~
:."

._,._

L:imita.~o€:sdos produtos de solubilidade

-~~~~9J1l.ente ~,o[lu,@~ai(?J~ tamE~U:l -P"Q,$~~'~v~:j,~ e),{e<'(~!:~Jrt·~_ E, plg1:" ' ~ueos"etIuiTfbttos a~(!ia,O==-15lase'O~l,def{)ns-C,(~ll'~plexft!1iSO'ct~fk~-~
,

s~~e~~Rfe'
-_. "~."', e_.·.~. ,_ '.
,.-11
I; ;-W, ~-. ..~

'~,:d~;'
_'. -., ..,.

~~~.tib:.~~~
rF.::- ••~-.r:--_
... -.r;.---~ •••

F~~rrtiC\~.,~cf, if ,_'iJ;lcm_fi) IUS' ~lte~ \Jas~t~l~~[~'qu~te eattOl\R.::.G,e::.'-_< :' :06: taSJ ;....I-,ril·::~,@ai~-:a ?l1t1l11I,~:~~P'I€) ,.s~~b1em de hiG1t6fiS€! 'i.: , , p,Qa(r~n"lat·,--:J ~(n;ax€IO~1~d~aiRt:·;-: ~v-elmetife.;,lfs'sol ultiilitla di:e:s ,- , saiili. Pot ~it:emF'I{1lr'~<l'CJ". e0',-'tEim Q/iJn hasii30 (lla1'ba-,""","
"-',1 .;..{''''-• ~~':"""

&

.', .

~.' ,~~:-:;,_ ..

,._ .. ,_ "__ ",__

,.~t>lJilidf$.d~"I::
... ....;,-.~.._ .. , I
.;00.

rea,eae.s,
'''-~-

·=-.~L-;'~

~:W;". t~~~'~~~.j!lte~~CftS~a ,~'dlu~~~', ~ q~m.t~_ efeittl ,0: ,e~~r~I.i1iJj'.rl[Gf:. de:s,o.lllbilida,dle:~~d,e·lu¢lt:grise::smJ.ul.tn:J,'e.Q:-!i ,~[-:'"'(,.~~I

r~8: Ij~: ,+, ~:~':Q1:"fl~~-J('~~'1l$1il eIWui'gua: CO'2~C4qJ'~'"') , :..': eo~ tanfcJ

l
c'_,=-'

,'' _'

~;

....

-- .'-';;:

. :'~~'niJ-):' ,\t'J:r;(.,'"

Cll-'- - ~ ~It.,~~l'J:~ -:$e_"c'Q~~h7t5iae'rar:mos '. f1td~I" '..~~' -~r.

--_.

."

'~:~~:'="'.

-'>:i~ '--

~'~-

_;

- - '_ -:... '

_-

-<__[0; ,.~ ~ ~~"~

~~'__II!'""_.,,

"~,~~-,nrti'!'
~~~~

~·'1i:~·,a···"'l'~i~-1'~;11~~;11;:d'~i,..J]·n9"j]-·8~1if,~ A;4'~":n...l\,,/~L .'~_l:~-~~~1~ {~10-'~(:U'~' :~~"~.~I<p~Wi4~"W.:t!l~~~b l~,~ '.. .~~- _~. ~~t.~~~ ~ .. _
·~-1~ • • --':;r-

~11'.

.-'~.~~!f.~:~ .

.-fim~iil~'''''''·'· .'!."'"

V'alcr~ medido,
,-_,--:.'_

l"'ua. 'Qi aI14B ~••'.g"..,,,-S(;! 4t~~lit~! O! Qx:emRl;9l/ p '.u"" P ape,na:,~;:;;lo,tis'-Mg'~-' :e~F,. :as :.faittb,elTI lDl1B(!\;rgP- - e:m :\-, -~""'"' m < .............
]p!'l:de ser mais B~pl;j(@tifa gO ,nut9'---_-· Ic,->nslrlI:eta,etl_ - cl@;i1hecj-iiu~nto' de lenulli1)i-ibs~ ''''"'l.~ ---- - -_"'- - --- -':.;_ =- -: =---- :~l:-,- . ~- --=----- ~
i,riTmim, .:.~.
,.!lLLIC;

qu_tl.~-:e]e{;.::~e' ~~';Q;l,rem a~s"~~~\tllo~~_i~a~(Jl.le~J~~>~~l!:·_ ,~"-,-'_

,a ~siID.'1\lb·11~~d~l!e ..... _ U-' ane -!..,I..Jb., '... ".. ..-, ~ 'q:1Jk'!:~a'ilZ~~ a, :pJl.:~~~pi
~
"w

a.'[J~r[~.Ia··:l. ~ t'~-1~e-\!~S7 ~~:fu:n@:~\J:;~S"'l-~>':!Tt'I~j-Fllll~'<:~- II!.:~,? 'o~m:--'_~~~:,' ',' s:~~'~~on-:-:~o" ,~., ,. " 1 ",~:.~ cfiS'SOcia:nt-Se ce~Fletataette ern ,seus: fo:.msICa-1lit~.rt:I'
-111:.' :-

·~_!';;IO:1F.(~ll:~'_
_I.'~ U

"&r'Il.:,1

L:.; ' .•.

'!i;,.Ic_;]

'~.\:.iJ',.lL.I!..lLj(.\:.,'a;Li~

-,

,1;'~~-1~'

.-

'.-

Pa-:~t~I;n'tt:t -e~,'~5-' ~tt~ ;@al-~ll1a:m . . . ~;,~-J~.,_ .

if-~

.~A;~ . .-.'

'~Ia."

'1.-.

~~

,-

r"-"->r.,

.-

-,

I~:~' \ &.U..il.
-

.n;1u·
\:"I.I!:I,
-

--=,s

-_

<:

-::.

_::-"f._.

i~~-~[-'

~~

1 'i"'-~,,~,
~,Cil.~ i!;~

CO ,. 01 AI, ~:'_':

palc"U:Le:'a,_~sQlupmq:)~;q_:~' d:iol~--die ~iaF2_-:a,~75' em umasolucao que C

;1\1~,"'[J
~l~~,a..r!~

e: (alIOTO'~-O ,111011

'e,1lIC:a(NOsJz; (b) IQ:01-' -

Solu'S,:,a "
,_',_,_-_,:.llj's: -':': e P-aneta ..e -:·tJ'.·: p-ec[e~::',e;deteTlnmar'a .solubiltdade .de-.'C,aF na pre,Srel1:,~a de, dois Ie: .etI~f)l~'.t". .~;. -,'.- -_~='

:cac{a des quais .co,:ntern'trrn: ~UlIt

lOl1.'C[e1XL:blfll

ao ,CaF_2,.,(~,o!One) em J'~C_0n1.0 fazer :17,.,:11 ·e·:pro:d,~.tG':.d~ :~~Iu:-_--K-,::;-s =' ['Ca?+J'[-'FL-'., ]-':.:., 3,'. " 9:' x ur" !=: - .' -:_ , -,'
1 I'j
~l

'I' ".

.-~

"

Ini __-.f-1,..,-1 ";"-::.. .r _

i' • .. 'lqill~I,

T'

!.

,JJ:....lL!.J;::

./n 1,~}-:::11v;;ll· _~'-=~i(~~'m:'-_; 1\~~t1il [J. ~-=-~~Jl~ . -~_ . '-;...1-' ",:t. -,._ -. "_-

~ftT"' ,~~ ,LJ,.

"

.:i! ,:
.~-

In:~ -'.': ,.1/1.'1':' ...' m,O'~~'J"~ -=-:::;"_.. -i·!!'"

'f.~€I,~ta--·\tell;.,.·-~~,g -.~n~Qrl--,dt;.,'~C:'aF~~,~s6lid~-i s,:e ~si~l~~·~[t~ tilrq"9~-~~,~11Ji~,~Q ~7?\lJ, : l~~le~e'ila PQ!:: d~e ~OiM.(j pl,;f'L ~~ N;PLP~, m

r-~'i~~· e:ru~,,~~efrut~d ,':a:{;f;~ib-~es ~

~~.~p..!_I.

CO . ·n·"

{o:e'Vfileetjl~,liiriJi

--'~' J;~1llta::ciII$<~,,; ,:si~a~]h;"')i~

~~f~'a0;'.~did~:m"_~t~d:m~~d;if~ iJ@:~- fu'¢WM.b~[C:~J(]" .~ e a}1~e~eJ hl~a6 ~:I¢in~RQ~-'~:-~. ~ ir"

_r..,;., "~_ ~~" _
-r.'
_1 _-:".. -......

-,t)- efe;~' de rW~p-'0jJundada;~

ma qtll!'iapdtd, ~tatttQ(Ja'f qUmrlfF":redn~

= Ojo..... .-_..... ..-. .-

."de;(l1L pO; .... -~-[y],~~'.':

-.

:7· .

.~--.

'E P-:b<·.~ IQ>I'U' . ~ ,.·'1 I' :' ._.'

-M~~"oml(~'~"M~~"'(:at}) +20lr(lq) ,-....

--=-.r

".

lX,

.«5'\1'

=:
C"

'[M"".:g.-~'J~r.'-·O-:--:ff~-~'~':= ·1~'_:;:,~' 1- Q~-'~lt 8-' )('" ,'. '. ~ '.~", ~ I't, - ~--J'' '~~:
. ~ _" :" ~.'

Iff

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.

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----

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(a) H'+ H--.,'0"1 L····

.(b')" .
. .

r.ft.l.

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I(QJI

)a'~mtast~ibJDe"'tdnii ,t;aMiW,ode,;: as· '~s~u,b-5iolIDiD,Ir.QljlQE8 ........ ~~Ulfil . ·1-'''''_-~-'''.:' ".~ ,_. ~ .. ","-_ '.. In'" . ,.. _'. . tle'~ejStitfl ~ ~:tfi\~J"t~~~~ l)_ti:tifcp i~;r~es~Q~m'e~~l~e'l ~,I:-lllr~td~e; (bl IIU:"',(169· ~d,r£:,,~escrQ,antefl 'Ie ,ag~~ia tltJ .. ~
F·:·.'IA[__ :'~' 11·,.-._ .:~- uta ";:.-'" ',r '17'
ld.a. . ". -. ".... '... ~.-'" "-'-' ... ~._ irn·[fJ;E¥. _ --~_'ill \",-:1.__ .. ';' .. ~,:;.,~'::.-._~~~:,I~I!l'a~fia': ~~!'hl\neHriQr'Id Q .. , .:;-1i.,

~~~~"Q;JJ'eda~ :

soil,osl.,

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~~

-.=.-,

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- .•• :

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.',... Gl:f1h~':"tlade 'me qua:se fntiOO 05f cgmpos- D's: iomms ,f! ai' ta.Ga ·11;~-'a·"' s ,c:"~.-" ~' ":~~1.,'-; ~:~.~ .':~", '/ ~ ,;~~>~, -: ...._~:. J,:.:;~,.. ~.; ..,: \" ......~ ,.: .~ ,,' " . ; _' ~ ~~ ~::'. ~~ 9~'~ is·,~,,·,uq~~QI,, ~ornili s'Qfi€1:~t€::Q;"tg.. le ~~d,a. ~ub,aiSleiil,~.Os; ",Jl~I@X~.UtG1,s. '5 e· : ;lTILe~~ 'etlm~f M~~(IOa)~,!·!~x~~~~lQ.$: a-.,e···CQJllr:1Q;S·tos, rmntel1d:G mn ibn ..~r·"t~~}]~L f QI.~ -_ ,.~ :$~io r-' =r-<:" ~.::
J '~::, r, _,~;
_ ' •• ;'~~. .: _ ';. :
I ..

R1::J::;:~

--.II

..

~~:I~ ?,.-:: .. - I'-O'<'-'-C 'h·! ~.#t'I,~:~,. ~ ~~~~Q~ 0'~~.~.~ ~~~~.~~ 1~'O' _l~~I~

,bili~~ rl~C~·~ d.~~~·~~~~·~~~-i p~~i~~~aeon~{t,-~· ... __ 10m lJ'- t1 te4tf"" afl,If: ,.,a._ptQ.tona~ag -.·Balel "mar Itl!. ~;f,,~; Q'FtQ~e;~:; •
,®Iugip ~pod,e :S~~ ,eIrt(f(l'did:a. e:m. tetmos de duQS 'IS$~

CUmg:IOI'tQ!§ vistol. ,a .sruttmrn :-,="de d€' WX:g(QIiJ.1 ~tP~t~:n~,!Jik~,:' medlida:qtle a,aQjdez"da,sQ)l~Q aw:nej)'.~ A ,~ohibilid1'i{dg de CaP~:~tMlr fO'1i~ a ,sf)lu~atl, fi3p1~...:se .~ ~.¢i&~ t~m~" JPQ~~i0 ten F - urn" 'c .~a base: C~il;;,ii'll,de Wiiii6JbJ~,JJR C0B2roJ!fisw..ra~,o. eqfJi!k13~.---.~ ~.

c~ijv~,

1·
. Q,.I.,. ~._:II."
,

CIrCa,); + W(aq) ~, ~:-.

A equ~gio para Clli;pre,~e5~O e: t9tal

fIB' lit/I

--", ........ ar ,=:~

'~. ~."",

~~ ~~ I~'~'

17.1'-$ ma:GW ,cc1ID;to ~~lIJbili;td~e' ci~Ca17~~,~::~ c;~ l\) ~_,', OnfrO'·~~$'rtl~:'[u~ Q~~ ,imo'. s'IDais.:bmc_~,·f"gm.(j CO~2,_-.;~(}.h ~,(_ ;f)~aMertkt HSS$~.:-",~1;;Ui~il~~ Unl1;t ~egfM, .~-ak ,!J:f1lt~Aitfrttttlf!,tk Mi~ 1~1t_a,~.-, s III ~j»:ftra ti medidq ~~ [H'] ,wu/lnen:ta Ui1n:eltiilil-:filufJtJ r,'" ~ti,1.4tmifi/Uia,;j~. , .' - ~,~ ., ,:.,. , J.. ',Quant0;~.~" . A Fi~a
. .............- -':'.'-': Taj -..... ..... _. ' ..... •.. ". ,. ~ . ""'}'
,,=.
I ~.

---

~..-...... __ s~luhilit.iade~influenciada pelop H. Os; sail') ~J3;rQ·:8niQns de basi cidade desprezfve _(0$ muD II s ~. _ ..~ ~_~l!?.'s,a®!. '€Ilreta,dos, P elas variacoes die p<_::H, ..
, ~

, -I ise e ~):~ne~·'-ento: P pTI9bleJIta ;felacioila '[q1i~tfo'sai~5 ,~' -~ ".; ~8i;r:attILie'nfe~ s:Qltiveis; pede-sa determinar qual sera rea ~:. ~_-~<a1lin pH.mais:b:aixb do '11;; e' a ttrrt,p'HmJ3i1,5t:albEt p.·av.:aJ.saW~ti8:y.'em,€Hl··{ilet~tnUlJ1:ar qual dessessais sedissocia para ~1~~OO~ m "1&~In'ion 'b'~·~CI··l~' ''q U'.:'-' <:.::L:.1:-:~'~,-' ~ a.... [,,~v .1,' 'e~' en ·s· cens.".; 'l:-''f~'1a'o·".'~~~'~ 'e" na~ a.:n~ifi:~ ~~Tal bel- ,.' l·on H+ ~ .',.>_. 0' J:.d~1Q u~~: _rr".
I

:"'~.:.I\',!".,!.CUE.> ..

1'i

·i"I' ..

,~,i!';c.-,:::::p"

,~irt'!',~

'·.'6

il!2Jc1:~

'1f'l ~

:I~.U:~.~

:~:

:"';"~;'~:'~'"'~~

')i;;J.,;s..;.;.,

tl!1%'~~'$~..-:QV"'b

,"le

'C.

=0-

,~,

~.,1II;,i!II'

·.I.~7-Q:(alNiCOa)2(S) $e:ram.aitt9-01iiv€:l-e;m ~o _~ :f~l:miuldol a.itU:a~,

~~ -~ti. -'

llcoesat::idas'p'(j'eam-5a

t'de;'basiridade tie-Off;

0 ion

Ill'eage<;om

:~'.I.·

. -'.1

..Al,""""",,,' . ' .. '" '. :.,"......... "(' . di l' ..... "" d '.'. ·l.. w;lal0·;g:rull~ente:J C:aC:Os:'s), dissolve-seem.selueoes aeidas porque C01~ ·e urnaruon basico, CaCIO·~lCS.)" ~, Ca 2'~(aq')+ :COri,,'J.:-(a·q)
4·
-cc'

"<6;/!,

i!'<"~'

.... '

.if

,~' .

... .

.:t.

CO~l-(aq)+ m;+(aq)· ... ""H.::COgc,Caq) H2:"CO:{aq) :~,IC()2(g'~' ~iO(l) + Total: IC,aC~OA.('s)+ 2~H~{Gq') ..' Ca?+(aq) +. CIO:~{,g·}"+H~·O(JJ.

d A, solubilidade de 6"~i

¢ tatnb'e'nl 'aurnerttada pelo-ahaixemertte de ,pH.~ .'pex'.que F ,Ie· tun inion b~aS"-·ciQI. BaF'z(s)':";; >:~.·B.a·- ',(aq) +. '2F-fa~1J
Total:

2F-(~) + 2H:(aq}" ~~.~,ls) ,+ 2,H' ttl&}) '.

'- 2HF(aq}

~ 'f~,a.~'~ :2HF(aq) iCa:q).+

l"~;n~fe"" '\;;'LL '~':'.J

tern basieid a.-d· '.8 \;l. _'S"'';'.,'. ~~ .' ~ ._ . de PI" rezlvel

1[[. .'. _:_:'Cl.. r=: ']
'II;;;.,. ' •. :,.I;,!i:...

Ilsereva a equll~ao ionic~Jiq1..tid'q. aTa a tea~9 dQs.!?eg:uintes compostos.de cobrefl ) com a:cido: (a) CbS; (b) Cu(.Ng)2> p R~'Pf)s-tas; (a) C;uS($J + H (aq) •.... Cit? (aq) + ~(aq); (b) Cu(N;,:J~(~) 2Ir(aq) ... '" Cu2-}(aq) + 2HN~(Qq). +
<0.

--' ._.. de ions c·o rn p.' exos .' "~II(/;'a,·;,..:'"~ .-'- -.'.' --'1'. O' __I:H'~ ;._ : -,"
0
v··

.,,__:

.!I.. - .:

,~,

.., ... ",

"_

_,.r.

"

.:1- .. ~

·ma.pmpriedade earacteristica cf.:Qs 1011.$ m~ta:Iico~. habilidade dales em agir comoacides de Lewis, QU e·)21 -----.iteres de cletrons J;rn_ediar te molecules de; agua" qJle ag~cOjl1numa base ~e Lewis ou deader de eletrons, .."'ra- ',1,'-. ,.,11.... ."~' on tra s..··b,,'·GI:Qie·.':·s~ e"·, ewis .' u e n ·a·~·o·'" a g::,ul·'a~··'-"ibem p'_~.:~.I,}, ...-. intera 01;1-"· com 0':-: s~'1L~Q":'"nrs m_I·la. ...cos espec '1";_ As .d LI a tam ·~·,o:-··d-·e·-··11l·' e· ·'··t-·~l····l v:, .'"'''3"~' -==--_ ~." te:. orn os Ions de metals de ·trans:'~',Sja[~l~ c Tais iat[e:p-~~-~ge5'iplo·deJfi afetaJ:,dr',~s[ijcami~nt-~ .solubilidade de! urn sal a tl·__,lO .:hI! :'I~. . ~ -.'f~; AgO, ·por ·exemplo f gue tern ~ .... 1;8 x u. ",.se. tsS01¥eIa na p.te8.eU\la de amorua aquosa porque·_Ag' ~ U .....__ .-"agecom abase deLewis NlL, como mostrade na F~..ra17.19. Esseprecessopode servistn comoesoma de ~... '.'"~,,e.a~o[e;s~r.dissolucao Ide Aao,.~CI e. a uit-er'aC,ao acido-base de Lewis entre Ag~~. NH~"" ~~' la, :,' e
I
i

.-h':'".c.lLk,··,I.:c;;:;a;.p

.. ,.. ,'

':,

"."

.:.'.. ',

s-: ,

-,

..

';>,'<'

I..".

'.,

,J,.J)".t..,

Ll.l.·.

:··.tJ:..!.,...,.c.

"':0.1

••

,.1,.:..:.

'.1

b:ii~ll~

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,.=-

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c',.

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Ag,:'C- (s" ~"""'" A'lg~"''~+(CU~1:)" 'Cl~(:',q'.,"·)·' ~.. .. : J '.. \! 1':, +, .n

I _'. .\:

Ag+(aq)+2Nll3 (aqJ-:s: _" Ag(NHs. );-1 (aq)

[. 7,.....' [1"n '."~,

I
_• !iIi -

Apres-enr;a de NH3impulsiona a reacao, fa- diss.Qlu,~~{} d~AgCl, para a direita medida que Ag{{llq) eCdn-, .. .-.~~"-" former A[~,~ .. :3',7..' .. (. ·· . ):'i,~·aorID.aJL .s:.. g.-,NH·· I.' P~a UDlH base de-Lewis como NH3 aumentara solubilidade de urn sal.rnetalieo.ela.deve.ser capaz deir :.._.__' ~~~~>,fp:Ltelnent,e 0 iQ;P metalico do que a lagu_,a...'~31 rlt~:ve capaz die deslocar asmoleeulas de; soh com ser ~ (Secces . e 1· .11) para que Ag(Nllg)/ seforme;
,J
••• •• • c

,e

Ag+(aq) + 2NHa(aq) ;..

" .A~(~)/(aq)

~.;;;..-

~ 'C~enmFa G.tUI' "' .

.• ~...

.
'.

..•

~.

'-_..;;-.--_.-.

.-.'

~'t_, :.-:

-- _ ....... --

~_ ~·il_H-J."~ ~ .~

A:~O:,a,I! ~S, r~rn~~hA:gr~~ s~jQ. ~~ ·-.§luil~i:'ef05. jj' ~olrmia~l:oJ,Q,~;fotl r d

r: :__ ---. :-

Ide' ·cftss,,. 'y ti~~0',F~~_.'''--;' :~,~d'i!'rerta: 'r.i~fr.g' :r.:- .. ~com Ci1 ~:"1; _.' .. ~~~'~r~~~~~1m:q'?'~U-,?'r1iiiIQ 11 7"' "'~~ r. ~"~~~~n-;~~~ - ''?::~ m- L ~"liJl~ ~n--~~'~ '~' J Uu [,Q1m' ·'~Jid·e\:,~_~:;GI ' ,se>d~}!~ehl:~~,~la·ttfi'~a~o ,A ;fJ"h~~ m\-~ 1i~1i'~:'I~:;a~~"~iB '~-b$l :".~( ~.1~4""1!1"~Iml ~:~*~ ftB-ct~U' f':';'.~:~h'('il d,.'($~Qf~'I~"~I' '~e~A-gCJ~~g A, ,~J\!~ i'QQl,~, ~, ~~I' i ~'Iar :m-~-~";-; ·:A·:.'ti1f?'"I" ,:~ i~~::;J' f~-', ~".,:~i." -~.r I_, ~~~:-;" R~.II,~ ~IC_.i-,e't.~. ~ "Q~I~'.~ '~~~"~ ~O,I!,f\'jtQ !ienlu~Gl' 'laisr"b~l~it1$n.:e,~,ilL-a.djr-ia~C~,'NlFt~_ r r= ~-' ~
~I J

:~C-t~A"g_ a,a, 'JZJ~w.,PQ ;~,~~~QJ,. ~ e.qu.'l~ibru~ ,il:,p~·~~.,A~:~~;~~;_;. I.~ ,

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j ')I_

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I

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nm il'ptl,amauGl ie vm ian tmetrui~0~,amdes d e Le~i! Iigadlll;s a -al:e--mm.@· ~(NH~~.f-e&amfUl~ ,~:. plextlJ,· le$~\bili~-d~·a~ ro~,~pl~~~~m~~I~l~ .~~~~~p~-ti~-·~~;iul~~~Pei~ A :I~ i~~~~-dai~~1B_el·'--- -1 ~~R il:~,',I~
-

d~--J£,I'(NWf'~ tH~q~S~q W.2\J: t§ 1;7·~[f: 1 ~

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'" cp~"~'~t1'r'd'o:;; ~,t~~~J ..~ , }I-'~n·,-'~~~it;r.o·~-'.~;-~''l"'''+~~\o-,~~~" ~P~"'o;_'~~~~'hl:~_~;~hn~~~ .~. ~~. ~n.~J-~I·t"fl.-~ I~n?~~~'~ -:'r;i~ lI7'J~~,ILU;:~ ~",Q.J.. ~u~ l "'ll,tlJ,[;~,Lm~,,, , . _ .. ~ ~~~"'"..t4!Lr·' . ~·~,.L.LD..L:~~'ll_.Ii..~. Uu,:., ~';r Wild ,""
'C_'~" ~ 1 !i4'1,1:i.~

't~~~'~ ~~ L'I!UJII"'-=-~

.
"t.
-

.
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r==.

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..... -=' A .". (. Nm-'"'"'_-._',1"'J" !j' ,_ ]'~ [ ·.--gf, ,,~, [.jf:' @IT] [~~ ~]', u --7'" ~ ,-.,
,:,: . .....

",f

,1'1

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,

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-

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I"

~Qa:l~~!'~',a co,n~~~~tra.Q:~o Ag'~ de 'p'i~es;entel em ~.o·]1)~flo' ,eH~rllib'rio 1)0 :'qft,and,o' amorita ·'~Ol'_~e:)tra,da.~,a .. ". ~,. ,,-~, ..._e Id JJ,~e~,O'"OrlI0 ol/Lde AgN03,_P:?ITEt forneeer lima ct1nt~entt.:a¢aJ.) DOl equilfbrio de [NHaI ,:' 0/2.[0moll'L.~,D[e~,ireze m .. '~i~J~',ao' de volume c ue :ocorr e quando NH3 ·e··a,dici,m,rt·aiC1oi~
1

S--'1'1u,:ao '-_:_.. --

I' an '.. e'-:fi!nIa,~ sem se ,""--~" •..___ ...... ~ ~ An,··, :,nanp';o, Clon.c,erru~U:a~~fo ,anlLonia e tr~d~ 'pat:a [)/·.2:01 ~ltlQl/L lem uma I$;,o_lu~,a.o '()~i~g~inalrnBnte Of;Qt~:QI r _ de de ~N,Qa' Como K_r para a fOrIlJ4~Q de. Ag(NH;3).1-;'~ bastante g;rande~('om-et;ar mos ~1,!pondp quep ,"aticamen,---.~:.:.~ +: Ie CO).1 -cern de.em Ag.(NH2ft2 +(". e.acordo .~(~lm··)a .. d :E;qu8 ,c;ao' 17~2,':,J; e ... aberdando ,0'problerna como s..~. $tive~S1em"~ ~ , e rlfsSa~9 na dl~.sociCt·~ode Ag(NHj,l~~1c rt~.b fl''ll?t~.lotTrla¢Q~ .Para faeilitar essa ·,~Ro.r:d7a,gem".p:t>ec-i5ar:emos<rie.v·l~ter'·"-. .~qaD,'p~ara'representar ~a.8IE;\,a~a~o, Ag+ .e .. f Idle NHa a .p~rtir' Ide·· ,A:g{NH~3)1 ~e'. tambern fazer a 'v;ariar~a..:t)correspon '. ~ 'eWnStantede equlli'edo.· .
,' ·'·n·....'1I1i!S' e p::·~ ,e1'1"'a·:'-ml'ento: .. - .:.'".~: e·" - .:::' .:._'. . 1M,
I:_ _ ' .. ,
I~

...

'iii!

,;

p'~"iiO'd':e·;,...!'~e·1 - .. :. -~.~, d:: e···:t·,'e·r···i'"=PIii'n~,.. q: 1~a'I'comcen tracao !l,iJ'.. ~••..

Ii,;", .• ,
c.

,U-.L.L.~

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.,

'.

._

._

.1C.a:.'~,c.; .. _ .:_:.,

,d,"ie-'" . I:'i ,__[7 ..~ -,'to"'.' ~("fl'~'O"'QO~' ' p'.-. '. :r'm' rir 8' a"-~ "':'l LiIL '·0 .... ·Ie.":' . ·w

,.,"".:. "~~ '..'. :'.

".. ..~..

.- ~

--

~=

......,

...

+,

'2'NH.'31'·-:t1q' :,)...., ,. .' '._'_', .(' .'

Ini(!ial -.;,
.,

" EfruilJcuI:10. ' · __ :.; l

I~, ,.,

. :ariac;',ao
. ..
{;,

"",A:I0 m O"u.. .:::..u.U '()~/···'·L

1

=t ,

,-

o IDOl/.E
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I.

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r

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'C:ap--itulo,17
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.Asp-jeclosadicionais dos equilfbrios arrU1Cl'f3.0S '-'o;;.:~l' .; _ .

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+O.fr(aq)

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+Il;O(l)

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-.rA.medida quea ca,rg;a,nQIQ1'l toma-se rnais n,egati:~:a'l t,l'ill;'na~e rnais difici1 remover umproton carregadopo,1\ di _;J] ....... O· - '. :. -' Vel" e~1 H" ~ Q'" A~' even tua l1'-~o:n>'te.ferman -do I'~'O-'i;:1l:"T'a='19l1-en'~:' AI',·' 'luI;'JO','~-.;:6',~~. .~~,_:' ·p··";·~r---a?~·ti·-iea c omum e~:·.~.~ I~··P-I·.c-·-'II"··t-':I'i:p,~'Ir·u· q'- ·'a·'·lr·o.'·--··e··:;e: t~ \1._ ~ ,2~ --')' A' ,_..., .. -,'. ·u ~7s·:,·-_,a' ." :2l'v- ·. - - -:'1oe'agoes excluindo as molecules de' ,ag;ua lligadas. Getalmefite I~~crev~n,:q_$ 34 ern vez de Al(I-I~O)il3tl .Al [Il em vez de Al(HzO)a(OH)31 A1.(OH), -em vez deAl(~O'}i(GtH) c~1. e assim PQ!,_ J~tle. 4 ~ ~"'\.( C"I·a~o__'" na rual. -'I.,.~.. hid-·r-;·;:AI·!~(J'i·id-·I'O-:-: 111',-, ID:f'iililnn, inso hivelrc age ,(1!'~O'-:'IIl--;-' iiC·'l-·d··-c.'0:'-' ou bese v';aria "'O· ..rm 0:·._ '~O'· n "lY"ii'li::a't,-·~·~'.ic--·-·o·:·-,em .. q'.~.. '-~.'~~ ~ ten 9~"'~' ~11.C;:~: ~" ..' :a.u
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"'"remoC,aode, protcm,s adicionalse poS~ivel~_mas o.axea~a(i) 81) ce~~iv.a o ocorre.menos rapidamente do que~aan_;j ""
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~ado em g"andes quarrtidades como minerio de bauxit«, que e :pratic~enb~:Al,O~. com ALgqmas molsculasde ;~I"' .~ '"~ .. - 0"-. ·0:··.. .~, d Jl ~ -~~l~Jont1llS'~' ~.' mmerio .e; ontamina d'-.0 ,e·om F') '_'. .~ ,c.'plm.o. :uuan:n1[-?_l:rreza.,~·: J.1al1d0 a·boauxita 'e arncionaoa a ·5;O~ c .. _. . 1 r-' - f§>. rtemente basica, At,Q3-di;ssqlve-se ]?Qrque 0 .alumfrtio'forma iOfl5' complexes como Al(:OH)'.l-' Entretanto, _ureza de :Fet03 naoe anfotera -e pernuu'vl'ce ecmosdlide ..a hidr6xido de aluminio e, depois, p:t ecipitado _Aai~~a:Q: urn aeido. 0 hidroxidoeurificadorecebe Ide tratamentos adiciorraiseeventualmente produz alumtnie .~.
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hab ill~: '=:.'".'d·: nl~'o':~ '~r,nl1;,I!\"ij·o..,-?'T~jO·:>-_ ,", Norm ~;l:~~I..!IG.JL;)IJ>1' ~je~:"r~:'~l'~'·Q ·:a:::7~a,~ ~ l~·t'';'~''l~:' ;~Q,~ :~,.,a,mne~·,G ..- _ '.-''_/U.',?,~ . ~~. -.~.~J..G'_ , ;~_"~'. JL~I'~~. ~" G!\~~l i:~P:~~~~~ .;,,,-tres:estaSl·~,s (t). Os. it»~ 8'ao seiJ'~do,: erf1 dmJ; b7ttp~ ifmplq~ ba:s_~-nas.·p.rQFnmad;es~ 'aGl:lhiliGlg~ . .. com Qs·'ionsmG~viefu'ais em c"tfa tIT· "po:.".,'~·sepatadoss€1.et.iv,amel~tt!ern~-'elflbl·ig· cit;!i iS~tQ'lula{)ill%) itf..fiptl ~3~;.Q' ;'~,:,:~>, " :i'" ]J.g~!11,~.Q;._ d~~::'-:~~ ~~~.~mcgS~ ":".;:,:x<:"~.. ::._;-~.,-,: ~~ -r.'-~.,:' v' '~" .. 'c. -. c:;' , . D " ;",. .".. ,i ,. ~" , '-ao,lclel~ttf.iea4~,~ t~~tes Uill ~tj:'ma~Q l!$Q ~!111 .,c:.·.\;id<~'a-,>·,'tiGJfm"cmn~. e:i1ii cineo W j "1;~./c"mo:rp.Q~tr{,si~tnf\ Figura. ".7:~.~~ 4.:-~.~ (jif a4.i~9 dQS fel;lgeate$'e ~ p.~~. As se,.~'i!>~mm:S"~t'f eti\f~- ~!iqll~f!lfiplw_: ao ~~~Q n~~ .•. . r~11i.G,. ~~~;.~~J. "!i~,-::-'lJ:·~;.~':i: .. 1 n:~~l1':~<~l-~1 A··~:",:·e~ .,:;,B~';~:"·,s +r1·-~·:··e:a<·;:i'~Ir'~~· '... ern 'f~or'O~·,·--··Qelp~I:·-r-:" do; le-:,. 'l~~;Avi~" .oJ e...mT,·~ ~ q--:1r.:i1<;'t1i .-:.!,~c~." ~:;r.;:I.: .~.. rr..:.<'.-~" .. .",,~, a: 'U,Q.O', ~_.'__ r.4-~".~:.:.:~~.; .'. ·~,t·i\, -..r-:-~Y~~ ·'n "d-' ~"t,:.-.:;._:. __ ·.·~~a$d0i).'d:ti.~its' .:,~·pf;f,m~~tflem:$gl~_~~6 S¢" T €{tIn,-Ot') t€s~.;suhSr~~.","",-._ ib~$. amoS-, d.a:t-utn'a t)lliad~ d~ V ~'fQ !~_ tad,:.\ti!\ ,es.ses··QincO .. I.F$,ae e~OO8 :~·~{).t~i!s;a~te'-~r ~ Llsadi~f·neS8~e· e':·:q,-·i-lld-t-+'j,tlId)~! ?~n'~:l~!~e' ;~i:Jlti,;ra, nual l.i·ct~t~~,·~i,,{;~i;Jl:Wpiit": ·dQ~i~,,:rn~.f0B; r!0.'!fir1lnS1 :apet\as _Ag-/.I~g;~:; ,~:Pb.§f fi9t~ e1Q~tQEi~01uVr~~ I.' ,__
_ ,~:,.!;G.1JUl~;~

q;1.'t~mtiv. ~~Mp:iJn~~peiJ;a$ a, pi:\$:~r~a ·QJ;L:aJJ,,-inc·'-a e lim i®n ~a~i(!o IffSi_pedft.cQ,. Etti"i~:~ d c; q... -1rtt";"JJflv" d_¢tetifl ..~ .~!~q1:t~.~;ij~ade i te.certa :~~tindaq11e esta preEtlmlle. Os.m@toq_q~p.'OlvlS' :/ . .·Jise qtlWiJ::ittjv?,!te:tn. ~e-19~n~0 lll$·'\OS imptJ~tes «"rna :ilIait) de,.m~1E!~ Im@fif.trtp/el!i~.r.i~Ql)llt.1jj~I" emplff)'~!l(.~ ,de !aboratMD: ,die qul~ea.;g:~al Jiarra' r uStt~O~$ 0c{ltjI:iktJl?~~p~.r.a.j;t~.~ pippdeditd;~~~b I '''_
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ausfmcia id:e 1.1'111: preeipitado indic'a, que a, soh .:~

ad~;a, e tratada comH2S. Apenas os sulfetos metalicos rnaisinsol trveis - CuS,Bi:zS31 CdS, PbS, H, ...~- .~ _..]1) '5, ~ -~, - .'~'<2,' -'.~S,'e'SnS '=P'-'iQ'ctenl precipitar II "",2, :' .' ',' -.,i::' :,~,~ (Observ re os valores-muito P -,€:rlue-no's ,de,J~(,· -~: '. a1'~1:·11"S·desses'.') 1-':;:I':,,',-" -' , : ~, I~, I". .'~:' ., ,.>. "'''1, ' ,- ,".':. I' - :.r.·~s pler'a:-'" ' ~ '0' --'. -~" ll, '',.' S '". , ·,:@'endi~e; Os ions metaUC,Qs cujos sulfetos sae .de alguma femutmais solliveis -pOl' exemplo"a ... 0,) NiS, F:'letrnanec€:nl, ern solu(~ao';; " iar6xidas 'esulfetos insoliiveis 'em base: depois qu.e asoltu:;ao e H1tradapara removerqualquer sulfeto ins _< eJ_ em ,~i~idolf .s6Iu,ca() r~~,all~e ~1 . e lig,eiratn eI1te' alcalinizada e (~4)iS,:e adicionado. Nas s"p:L1-lJ;.l5~'S asic -_ b ~£Ql'lcentra(§,1itode S2:"'e maior qu~ em so 1m;;oes acidas, Assim, faz-secom que 9S p~rQduto~ iomc:ospar.a mui ~ E ~@S suHetiOsmais,.sC)hlv~i$ex~Rda'lm~$Cl~~: "~~te$.~e e,~ ,pr~dpita~,iQocorra ..Os im:\~:rnetFeos:J?eci .,'":' .~-~.~, "', _·t - p~" .. AI' Zt," '<-·r,,3,., F' 'j, z·- .2", J"l .r C·".2+·e J\!.~Ul "'.'("'N' rEtn-,' ,~'u,aue-,0:5' 101'~S.:~::.,'" F'e'3· r e' ~-:'::rt+ 'DaO'- IO~~ C - c~'e _:n N'c-'. Al;!iT C' " . ,""'" ttl~:S n:eS:5,a e'~,a,,·:,a.:s,a,o ,.,', ',0 r::,a _." Hd: rnam sulfetos insohiveis: em vez disso, eles 5,,10, prccipitados como hidroxidos insohrveis. ao rnesm
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Q.s fom' doe melaisa;lcali1u)s eNH'a+: os ions que 'perm,anecem. apos, a remo~,ao des fosfates insoltl.veisformam ,;:fin pequeno grtrpo, Podemos f~zet' 11mteste mdividual para eada fon. Urn teste de chama pode serusad . p,axa determinara ptesen~,a de K+, por exern plo/porque a chama torna ~.s~ violets, cor caracterfstica Sf! 1(+ es-

tiv'er presente.
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m agila ..PbCl:r~ ligeiramente sehrvelem aguaquente, enquanto -...AgCl e~Hg~Cll aG ().sac, A $olu~~~, uente n q -'~L '2,+
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-e:PbCt04.,. (),teste pat.a Ag+ consisteem tratar o cloreto metalico comamoniadiluida. Apt:;rtta~:Agi-forma inn ~ '0 comamfinia. Sa Age:! estiver p~~sente no pr~cipitadQr elese d~sS9hi.e'r.anS;f!j,olw;;,aQqe amonia, lit

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I. ,- .'- ~ .

),NH;4:(aq) + ct(aq) Para ,ae,t:erlnin,ar'o p;FI ", cada -~".',~ ~ic)fiftaid~rea~~o,."·· Ida ,solu.fI;aol' pI.in1eir~an\etlte'~aJlc~u1aln,osl- lquanti~dadeIdlecad,a reargen,te,~,'e..,., 'proljLlt'GI-Brlesen~ , ~. , ...,. ,'., ,.. ',' ,-.s, . _" ,., .... "",.,;.., ,.

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·-~t9···~e·,equi'r?ilI~~ia: 55)0 ml, de ·!o.ti09pl0 m.tll/·t.·d,e, (~:) guirttes vohanes de base for-am adicionados; (aJ 0 -:_'~ - ,~H~ (b.) 23,5 mlrde Ot.1-17·mo~./Ld;~'_KO~;(c~)l-Z5.tO·m·L, 17,5:' mL;~ (c) '34,,5 IllL; 35;,0' niL; (le),3.5~5mL.; (£)1 :0;0 • '.'1,,, "8 '-solunIio que ,contem 1 35 g' de' N gOIl 'pot Iitro? 17.,3,2, Considere a qt1.~la~~ao :30,'0 .ml, .de 0>.0;3:0 '0"/'.- __ ',d,e: ~ "'., '-',,"" • } c .' ..•..',.': ..•.. f .. .•. .'~';,'" '10"" '. H amostra de 20.~O mL de uma solu~ao de (Ji-2fllJ mel/L NEa~·cbm 0,0 .25me .. de HO~,Calcule 0 p~H:da's']l :~_=:_ jL ~ m;l~: ti.bJ1a9a com l-l_ma solucao de. :Q,.2,IO~~O ·ll1i0' .I·L,Ide'. depois qu:e lO'S. ~seguinte8 volumes de titulante fo - .GH~Calcule 0 pH da ,solll~:a9 .depols que os .. ~I~g11h:t~ adicionados: (a)' 01ml.; (b.) l:iOJ:O mL; ::c:l ~2,OI./:O I(d)'~ ~~: roLi ,,~ ~.-.:~.'l~J. "~a~,cl'D'u~ base foram - .adicionado s :"(a) 15: /".0ml.: '4:1:1!.~nn·' _~~. ... :.t .. _ 1 '/1 ~; (e) '$~p\;Q --~L; {f)i 3~7,~OIml,. -,- ~~~~,~"/9 .I)1L·.;: (t;!') 2_'iO.,O mL; (d) ,2 O l .. oL·;. (e~).~35.i~O~mL~, r '1,7~,33. Caleule ophI no ponte de equivalencia para fittilar so__ l~ amostra de 0 ,20_0 .lllol/':L d,e:·3,Q,~·Q :Q1l-L KOH.·!e··ti~ de lu:~Joe;s de ,0,200 moll L .cle cada "(j·rna. das .-s.e;g\rirttes·base com Otl\O~a .. rnol/L de RBr: t'.:a) -hdilr6x.ldQ de.sodio 'alO atla com 'ulna. .soltl~a·ode '0';1;;.0:nolv'L ~,de:·tIOr).. Calr ~ e 10·pH· da soluc"at:) depeis que ·~)Ssegtril1:tes volumes (b:) hidroxiamina (NHiOHJ; (c,) .anilina (C'6H5~).~ -,~g_0fOll~~'~cli~o~~d~~':(a) (ll) 3.9,S '1·7~a·4 Caleule o.pH. nn ponte de equivalencia.pafa titular :SO~u .r·;;'le' '. de 0'"'--'0-'1 U'I:.! '... L" de f:l'l"'la:' me '1 dauma 'das sezuin t:'~S"· bas ses ~~;~ mL;: (d) 4QrD ml.; (e] d.Q,l ml., . 1- ·.·'t"U·.- s,U . 0"1 ' ,tj!"'" -~_:~ahlq.s~tra 3:5,0 ml, de IQI,l.q.O mOI.I·L de acidlol"a~~ti-de c.O.lIl1L_OrO,8:.0·.mo j·L.·o.eNaOI1C: ('a) acidc bromidrico (HBT);; >(~~HT'O~\e·-titulada oornuma sohrcao de O~1.510:nfol/·L (~) ,·acidpiI~Jic~o gH.503); (c;.)'-hldr'og·en.ocr.omato de ·,s·6~(HC ,~ .. U ~ .~ dio (.NaHC:rOJ,., . ~aOH:5Calcule .0: .p,H da slolu'1aol depois que os se-

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--7 ~,47 A p'iartir la,o,··~ alor' d,e _-K. ]ista.·d,ol ha ~abiela ·~.7·.~1, calc.ule a . ~al/Li IC,~c~e... (b) Be .0;0'490 "g d.e' ilgIO~1 dis$·ol~te l(p$~ se. '~oneenttaQio tie Cu~+'em1,0 L desoI1.I¢.O que contem . ·or litr.!o ·d,e solnr;ao,. clalbtil.e·: ,a_ c.dnsta·nf~ d.Q R~rQd.1}Ltd Iq.e: Uin. total de 1 x iO<-8 mol de Ion cobre(lr) e.que e' 0;10 .~hibilida~e. ,(c) Usando 0 ValoI'_apropria~o '~e'Kpw do mol/'L, de NH~:i' _. pen[diceDf cq_1cule a.s;oluhilidade ·d·e CU(OH):2 etn·~gr,a.... 1 7)1.8 P'at~a_q:Ltal COfioentra:~:a·o de NHai (nIta .SOlID :getO dev'e, :sler ~ ri1'a.:s p_o.r ~.tto ~',e:solu.<;,~lo. ?Ljl1st.a·[d··ap,ar·a, 'dissoI:-v~e, ex:a:tamente ~ '0 ,0.20' ni.oll de -.~·OIOL dl~: Ima: s;orltil~tlb, atur.a,d.R ,8. 25' '~Cctinl oXtJl,~tQd¢ l s Ni~O\! (K;l's =·4.,xl0-1o) eml,Q L d,c.s;Olu~G? (DiC:a: V(}C~ . d' d" "~-=2·~".141-1 ..... ... G~\CiOI (C:a:C".O~t)C()llt.em tJ~006~1 g. de' C,aC:204 'C,alcule 0 .. p'o'~'e· d -·sp.re:za;r.a h·'...:1.,.. "'" '..i"'·i:~e1·.·;~.leC 0' ?- p:pIJq~;e:a~~Q.;u~~)o :.·jw."O l e . .-.an ~e·:-' , .'aSIC,a " b·as t .t "b-'~'" -).. '. l?l'oouto de fii:oiuMlidad~ pitta esse;saJ a,25 dC. '1~ AA LI- d·: e"" um=-:-"'a S--'OlUC:"5','o,-' e.a·'tur:a: ·d· a· a' '2':.5":' °C··,· co···m liol~:-!e-·,J!~:· -LrV'U ', .._. '.',.' __ ".,:_:~1. I: _<._1, "4, -.,I1.._V 'u..!",e", '17!49 Usando'osvalotes de~ para AgI e Kt para .. g(CN):;_-, A lG1iutnb,o{TI) c'llhteln:'OJ5\4g Id·e P·b.I2·~ alettle 0 plrt)Jdl~t6·d,e C ~,alq~ll~ c9n.~tant~ .~rqu·Ut1?riQ 'p,ar~a11.,seguinte f:~e;a~a(j:: ~ __;~'Ill:twilidade pata ·esses~l ,a 25 0(:. . AgI(s~)t 2C_'_"-~Jl,q} " ~ Ag{c.N12-{~lq) +<r(aq) ~7,T d ·0 ill" D 1- -1.\..." '"li';'d d 6·s"m';:-·.~o Ap··~n-:.~~~c;e· ~al' '.. a. S·@::tl~.i·o_,: 3·:" e nlO 1 u,~ '17'.50 tIsarld'? "I~V'iah:Jt Ide_!<,~:pai.a i:\g2S::f'~~[ Kol pa're, H2,S'J._,e .:;.... ':,1" i'Clue ar e .~:J3r efit: .~~ ~~guapl~lra; (b':)1un~·?l. 59I~~t;aolcJ.e'3,01 ·x 'lO-~' _;1/1 x10!'ip,ara':·:g02. ~. alc.ule a ctmstanted:e eqUih'b ~o c .mol It "d.e· AgN(j~; (C:)-Ln1,-a soI~~alo.deIO;'lf:l tn.oJ,/L de NaBT.~, P,P.:!' 1~a> ;~ s· ~.g-l·l·;;'T:rt- ie:-e:';a- ·r:'a";<o·,~ AglS~~l 4Cr(t1q) + 2ff'(aq} ~ "' 2AgC4-(~q)+,~~: .. +
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·._~lilcttamente· incluida na 'e~pTe;s5s'a,o da 1C' 01J$:tZU1.t_e, do 17~42~al~~e a$ol~nt~ad~de ~~!e_m.gr~21s p~rI~fr,o e~: .: ",~,a1itQ;de' solubilidade? (b~)1Escreva a expressao para ~ (a.) .a.g~~ta ptlra, (b) uma sO.ltl~.ao. de 0,,0 .2:5. In~ol/L· de de p.·.. .roduto ..de solu b·:.·:I:J·!-d~ad e ··P:·<I:d"'' "Ia.. cada ~'~'f;-~I~~O:"'·s · _"""""'" .r.:;, u' ..n - . ... .u.!. ""'" .. _ U..; KF'; (~) ~1lJa;Sqlu~~QI de 'Ct,1,50mp.l/·L de Ila~13~ ·17~4.3 Calcule a solubilidadede lvfil(O·H)z em ,g~['a.tfHi~ or.lip - _~tE$eletr6litos fortes:AgI,5rSO '.Fe(QH)2f!~1kB.t2" . :.''·0' quando tGl'.nlp.tl'n:ado,. a tim.~~plrI::: de '7';0 (b) de 9.. (a) ,5;;' ~)Hxpliq'll'e a diferenca en tr e 'a s:olub'.ilidad.e e-a cansI(C) de 11.,8. ~ Il!~ produtQ de solubilidade, (b) Escreva aexpres,.·~~par·aa constante d'D ·pro,duto. de ,S·d.lubilid.a~~e ~l~:a ·1,·7'~4·4 p Calculea solubilidade molar ·d:f.F~e(OH)2··qua:·~ o tam. d ·p,oflJa.d.o a urn pH (ail ·d.·e. 7,AJ.; (,b) de 10)0,;, (!c:)de :1,2.,0 ,._,~~\) U'f(l ·dos segLtinte's: .eompostoa ionic:o~:t NfnCOSt -1.:7 ... :4:5 Qualdos s:'egtlint:eS :8.a113.1 Bier-a: substancialmente rna i'$' so.~tQm2e IC~3(PO 4'}:'Z" . bili-·~a.-· ~ rna '1- dse ,~.~ :'1 a. i;!;. '-JI'C 1": °4- ·x_:. .. ld d _ -.- ar', -: P'aF' '~:5- .·e 'i,.£";!_ 'l'O~~ [ ;.ae ,a '.~o 1,1 . ..' 1- ~yeJ em -s:Qlu'i.Be~. acidas .do que em a.,gtla pura: (,a) "·~:~/'L:."q~Ia1.~~·.·oa.essa temperatura? .(~, Encoritra-se , K7J~' znC;'O'3;: (b.) Z11S; (~:.)Hi 's) (d):_Ag·CN,; (.~).B;aa·(P04l;:?· ~e I.. 1_!O~2.~de 'SrF, disselve-se p·!or ·lOIO.,mL :de solu.. ;1·;( '17.,'1'61 Para cada LllTL. dos segui ritessais ligeiramctue sohrveis, ;- p .,~:qJlQ:~;la .~1_2S· Caleule ·0,· produto de solubilidade ,oC~ escre _a !Q, ,e:(J}lli\~.,a:Q iaJIica -Jj'qiluld:a se houver, pi~lraa rea-. . ,r~..~·~':'F:2," (....:) O' K' .-;..- 'S if B:'~ '(-1' 0',1) - '2";·5- '~C'.. ·e..';''' ' 6"1;'"01 X: iO- 0 'Q'u:a~..-, ,;,.,'1 .~a:o. com. acido: (a) lVInS; (b) P'i);F2; (e) Au.Cl:-; relJ L.te·,' >'!l!'.': ,'3Jj la~ : .: _ .H·g2,IC20:4i. (.e) ~u~~r~ ~0iu.bilid.ad·e'de. Ba,(I 03)-1' '.' .
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:$?rio·!.capacid ,a. de. detampao? [ustifique Sl.la.r·esp,:,ost.a:. I([C)" Calcule a v·ari:a.~.aQ·nopH p~ara cada t;amp_~o eorna 'a~i~<;atl e 1,0 ml, 'de .l"QO '.]:qpl/·L '9- e HC1" (,d:)' Calcule a d -v'a~ria'~,Q r P rara cada 'tamp: corn a adiq:ao' de 1'0' ····a,Q .. no ."H ; ... ml, de 'liO,O'.JIlol~/L.de Hcl~· Discuta suas respestas (c) pars.cs it'ens (c) e (d).,[co'm base ern-sua resposta paran ifetn O?),~ :s'u·p.otula' ·qu.evoce 'precise de urn taIllf~·a,b' urn pH' == BJ'6~ a r;:r. Isan , de 0' A" .~ ~.W. ·e:· ' ./ .sele .7(;51":- '. nn,~,n ~~n imo~ d 0'" l~ p ;..es ~~ ':'v' ':. ,.... "'r JJ lc D.'I .~'...".. o'n' ~ [\ltild.o-b·I~·s;e· diferentes que' setiam apropriadcs, Des~Cl~e·va t~binp~" a .. o,.sica.o dos tiunP!··~{)les:., . Um.bio qUlnuJG 0 precisa de 75:0 rnl., ,d,e'urn 'tampdo aci-· ~iII: ,,:'. ~h t" d1 ~ .d ' ,_·.',-e-slo: - CODI ... ' ..~- , . r.::· ~.. 'uO , ),H:e-~~C0-;,ac"e-c:a:~o"!. ; .<' d ", .,'.-.-' p. 'H[ [ - 4 "l :5' ',0:: D- lsploe=se. ",.JIQ · .j" .::, di Co: C-~ --.' .-. ..'~ ";'l~:d'.il~O_ , .:: .0 d ':e acetate de 50,;. I,.N:a)· ,H",:O',-)'" ~~:)u e .~~~elCt[OI2t0e:tie·o :.glacial CE-IC2,a!;·01_:).. 10 :~.cid·9·aGe·tiC;IQ gla1cial. e [9Sl% [de. , "AC2l-I~C2em 111asS·a e tern densidade Ide 1,,05 g-I'mL~Se Ul tatnpii() tell Ide'set 012·Qmol/L ·d!e'~HI~H~021' quantos ~~a' de NaC;;lI302 'e quantos mililitros d. :addo acetico .glacial devern .ser usados? lima itrllostta de O~140'gd~, urn .acido mortoprotico _: ... 'e... ~ .:., ;. , .~, .. descenhecido foi.dissol "lda ern ,25.,.0ml, de agua.e U= ·-Wl·a,da 'GO'In QJO~5'Oimol/L de ,~ ·~laOHO.a,cj.dO:·f1.e"ce·ssit.a .. w~¢:':27;4ml, de base pa.r~atingir 0 ponte de equivalencia. (a) QtlaJ.:.·e a massa rnola .r do iitido?" (1) Ap."os adi~'~ao 15 0 ml..de.base natitulacae, eneontra-seque 0 de ~'6"- ~~~1:;1 50 id ::,' _.1.... ido? J?:H_ e "-:~:''i-.:' r, Ouale e 0 K"~! p'ar:;a .0' acr ~:.!Q d ·~S·C;Ol·U~.e'C1._.~"O~ .':
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p'I--i de urna 801u~·ao'pt ~-p·a ..a ,-. ""'Ia.·; de ·O,3tJ mol de NaO:H/, 01'25· m.:ol de -'···~(l,.= mul de' I{aJ?'O~cemagua '~' dilufd.a p'al~a1,0. ·

1'7~76 Vocetei:nsolti~:lo·~_~.lde·-1;,IOmal:/~·(~teHa.P'QI~![e .. --_,,: Descrex a. come ,.'(:lIce: pr', ':p1~atia urna solu :i/BLOr- rn: '~ de pH.-= 7/2'.0. toin a mais alta' capaeidade de :' .:.. ; pcssfvel a partir desses re~e'lt~·~"., Descrev a .ij.lC' .,'-..- _ _ _ ,sidalq. do tampao. [1,'7.11 77] S~up:oruta'q_ueV.O·CI@' queira ·ffi,z:erurn experimento .~lo gie' Q' qt1e requeira 'urn p~H ta~p~a~o 6,5·.~ 'olee' d ·[d,·€! V cobre .q'll[e··0 :olrg8llismo com 0 -qual.esta trabalhan riao e sensivel ao aiC_id.p fracn }I,··X' (J<al ~ 2. x l';O'~~; == Ko.:: 5'1.0 .:x'l:(J-·- ),; ou aos Se1J8' aisde sodio. V~()c.e:tern disponfveluma ~t)lu.g·a{o' de ll0 :molj'L desse acido e-uma so! I~,a'ode '1,.,.0 .. oJ~/:L.Ide 'NaOII{~~ uante da s;01u~,a[)1 de m Q :"', aOH deve .ser adicionado ,u l/Cl'L ·de a.d~,dopara..forncecr um tam_p.a:o a 61~50i.?'·(I,gn.(j~te:qualquer va:-ria·~·a.o e d volume.) .[17,.,7'8] Quantos micr olitr os .. SQJtl~ao de 1/000 m~JI/'L de de· Na.'OCi'.i d..v ern ser adicionados a 2p,O{) .Q.1L, de uma 80 e rll9.:~.O .de .tit:idoi latico (H·C3H".03) para produzir '\1 ~[l tampao complI == 3"ZS:? l~7~7'9' Para cada par de CIQm.P·Q.stoS'l'use.oa valores de:~p~·p:a.ra determinar qual tern a maier solubthdade molar: (a) CdS Oil euS;, (b) PbCO::t au BaCtOci (c) Ni(OH}2'OU :NiC03·;.:· AgI 'OUA.g2SJO.4.~' [(d] 'Mestre que 0 'pH:ameio caminh .. do ponto.de« quiva- 1.7'.i,,8!tl Uma .s'o.lll:t;,~ao;.pf8.tur;ada de M.g(OJi)?. em. a.glta '~:e",m:pJi o Ileheia deurn acitlo' fraeo corn 1II~~)abase forte [onde 0 de lO,;38~, Estirne ~J5 p~ara ~SB·ecompesto. . l'7,~"B'1 Qual cOlicientr:acao de ICa2+ permaneee em ·s.olu~'ao: :\701ume de base adicionado.e a m stade do velnmene[~p':o~s 2. ter sido p·re·cip\tado~,d·e:uma .solu\,a·o. de, 0.;20 CaF ··e.~~§ariID }"lt~ll~a ;~.titlgir Q. ponto de e'qui~tal[e'l1(dq) ·,e igu:.al d.mol /14:de F":~.25,· °iC? : ~ .. K':":, 'p' p... oara o ~,C1.. Q,,, '0 hidrogenoftalato de .potassio( gerahtt,eftte' -abrevia17.82 Aco~stante p~O~ttto ~~_.soluJ;lli~a"de 0, pe~~ (lo"c'omo r<l~J p,o,d'e:':ser obtfdolle'm alta. puteza ,e t"I.8_,a:ID·,an,g,anato de barl'o'j' Ba(NInQaJ.2./: e ,2"E)·.·~.1.!O . Sup'oIMa: ,do, p~ra .de.t~rlnirtar. as ..[C:oll.p.el1!tr_a.c;Qe,~ !d'E:' s[dlLI[~~O~Ste" d qq..e, Ba(MnOI,.)~.·s6lid.o :esteJa· em ·.e··q~JjJfbtjo'com tuna fj·as.es·;of'tes:~ .As b·ase~sfotl~S re:alg·~m.c.oJl[n [9 rOln llidtClf s.olq.~'io d:e l(r.vhtO,~~· 'Q'u~~Ja c.o,n'~.el1~:r·a.~.a,~~) IQv!nlO .... de lle;c,essal:i~tpr.ara est~abelecer 'un1'@ ~C.otlJ:;e:nb::a~ab 2,0: )( tI.e ··g:en·e.ftala:-t.Q, Como ·:s,e,gti.e:. ,., _W-((lq) + dW(aqj, ' ~ H~O(I)+ p2~(aq) 1.0 ·..trlo;·,/L 'pl~ar,a0 fi()ll'B:a~~' · eltl'selttr;·a,QI? A. m~a.s.~,~ m'lolar d~~,.IqW' e 204,..L ,g·./.mol e K~ pal~:a 0' irOn 17.83 Calcule ,a ~ab entre_ [eal; Ie rFe~1 mn Jago -no em HP~ e 3.;1 x 10-6• (al Se 11m. exp~rUhenfQ cl,'· tifula,~ao IqllaI:.·~. ;g,1).a.ies;t~. e,J+1_iequilfbrio F2.QIp dep.qsit:os i_ant.o, de· ~ · ~i';;'nm"" 'eJi(:'la' 'FlO" m-,'~ 0' t:ro 8~:S''_,~- J :g':' d:· 'e' ';-t'~ 4;"' ' · ;:"_' v· 01·, .'-14-1. n-'·,e·. LilJlID '0,"'8, i··;·i' " 1:1:","",,: .... :L'-LJL_L~' t~D.·ll··~ -..:;.. ·taC·,G.] qu·attto ,de·Fe IC OI3.! St;Lp,o'.n,d,o que a ·a.~a..e .ligei[ 'aIttle·nte b'asi!ea' e. qLle ,a. hidr6tise -ida' len: c:arb.-o:nato ~~oxirMdam,~te'l OQmL". quat mi;llcadQ! tiP, .Figura: l~~ ~\~eria0 ll1·~is. ptopri:~Iq_d'7'"(b:) ,St~' titu1a.~a,o n[ece'ssi~ a pode; ..eQ.'rts~·q-i.ientem~e'nte;,I.sel:' ~&.1'oira!aa~, l :a;Be 3'S)S5' mL··de·'ttm',a soltl.~a·(:il€I.e' N,alLlH p,ar~~atiftw.r~Ol 11.7,~.841IDS p,tQd:utb.s· d~ .s.~glu·b;ilid~dl,;_·':-~de~ PbS,04 ..e. S'~'S04:SSl9 i 6,3. X 10--!l, e '3,2 »( 10-7,~,respecnvatttenfe. QuaiS sao' ds ,p~tito fin~a1.r qtl1al e a :'QOncetltt.a~;ao tla t~·olu·~ao. [d~;' ·~.:ll'~'O· '-7,1 ~. ~L~~I',IA. ,-;aloresde £Sd~2-t(Pb'"'Te [Sl1' em Uffi:a solu~ab,em: ,'S'- 4 0 'O':"mL'd' ~ 0' l' 00- m_Q-l/':L d:'£' 'N_~~C"O d" ,H .'~ ._~.,,".. ,··.-'t .... - ,'.". e .. ~ _'·-·'·:3··:e~t~.tt-l.:-a[:: I~Qnl leqlJ-i1w,rio CJJ· al1lb·a.~ .as:·::iSittbstan;(:ia~.?· Cl,l,-OtJ mol ,lL de· He)" c;alcule~ (a) ·c.'pH n[o irifcio ciafittt:=-· ['17.. 5] :Qttal.p·H d¢ un1 .. ,~~::jlU~~IOi-ta.~~~tp,ao 'i,o}?iara fQ~-' & a e' nepEt5s~ ~ne)Czer "corujelltr·a~.ktf" .d,e·· M,g~+Ide .3,0 x 10'~ lTIt,l/L enl 'la;~:a:o;: (b) 0.' V(JIUlll:e ·!d1e·.Rel. ·.·n~ce.s.sIDi.o :tl3'ra. a~f:in:git 0:. p)i'm'eiro, ponto die !~qll.i:\!~lenctae ~as:e~p,,~cie;s .p_r,edo'~, e·.quilfbrrQ, Cl)rn.:;lo;~alato(i.e magtlesie so.lido?' ,_ r" ]. 0" .,...,'1. d K·'· (..... e-.... -:., ,. '2,0' '·ps. M . ~Qln jninante.~ pre.sent~.s~ n~~s~ P'o~\tQ;.c': b v61P111-e Idle aCl (I7,~:f?6:·_' I:.·~: 'Vt~q~ ,.'~,., pj:u~a~ p~:A:SOi,J~ .e· 211_ :~ 10- ~,.:-._. ( 'A. -03-;itj .' ~~:L "HAs"O -JP- ... flle'ce:s-sati.o p-ara. atin:gir 0 sle:,gunldn .;p'onto tie .e,qmvalell-' ~·s--.:4"' .e·d-' ~ d' de. -uri\ a~;luO .l.i,a_;co, ..' :-9·":' < .'': '(' K~.i'i.. _. .erlV'!a· ...0,.': .'.,ci{a; e':~;aSe.s·p.e~i~s pt·e,d·a:tniJlan.b~~~~S'l'_es,ae:p:olltoi ·0 p.R(d) 2,,22; p~ 6i18, pK~a::"11,50). Q-uando se pedi 11 para ,., .,..,..'1 ~ ~ . d· 'p.ont~od ~::equI\1~we:~~€la~. ~':fj)·'S:e:g~·".' ~O ~c,al.ct;-Uar~;!.sOltlbi(1d~ad.e. InolaI' 'de MIg~~{AsQ4.)2. ·)a:gtla· ·iem. Om la,cidq fr!acq htplof~tJC'O't HAl loi c'()l1j.biIJ_~rllp· -c~om ~ :~~Itt;~p:!~te U:S:QU tit ·e'xpress,:a:o, de _J{'fi 'e :~uP':o;s1 , .··-:aJ::JI; fi'af;, s.e·guintes ptopctir-~oe-s:: Q,20 Inal d',~.HA" [Mg'.I]c- l,5[ASO/l. P-l que el~ to.l~t~1)_ _~s_se eJi- • n- Irro'O' l·.,.~. ~.m·o.·,)·e:.' ..': O' .>_ . ~ A Im.stu·l'~a 10.1 d" iIi' .Ul[ua p,ara. umI d 'N" 8- -H-; '~ '" . ., '.~'; .:oJ" U·tMO'c [17.871 0 prmGtuto de solttbilidade para Zn(OH);J e 3,0'-", .- . I oltm1e tlp,t.al de l.t.O -L e. 0 pIH.,..~rlediqo,~(~) ·'S:~: 'pH ..=:.' [0 .A ;cong!i-~nte d e ~or.~.~.cao, p~ara 0 1ud' ~tJXQI-c·ont ._~ ·'z· (O"H-,),,2- ~"4 ~ll:>x.I 0-'.1 'Q- .'f~.?LI"· e :;a.:coll.centr,ac;ao ' . "__ =-6 ._, : ""A' __ 1-:4. :1--. 4~~O., q~alle"o pKa: do' a¢idQ'? (~) Q'ual qTI;ffi1tidade <l~ -·-7·"-,··A-i'-';"-:"_I~~, ·-'d'-··!·~-"·-,; .. _:.e ,,·· ;cO' d:·--·,·.... .la ser ·-d-!~· ~~':":":"'-d'_':· ... ,l:':I:a::t'@113 .a::lCl()B,a: -,1 :-dl ,·N·, :Ei.-:' -=H"-c l-evJe.,,~". :._:,-": a··llCl0na,--a .. :n[e,ce;s'saria. :p2ur,a d:i'ssol en~iO',?Ol.5 tilpi d~ Zri(· r: LIm Iitro· ,ci1:e..'·s"ol'llc:a[o·~' ..~~faxa'0·: 'pH d,a ,s:olu~a<oianme'lta:r p'·ara 5.>OIO?
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