aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

ssi-Jv- ap-l--Zv-_v-\p- A-_v-Zn- h-lm-_v-( )

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

hn-h--I-:sI-.-sI.- k-I-cn-- kzem-lnDA'WA BOOKS

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

DA'WA BOOKS
Malayalam | Study | Moonnu Adisthana Thathwangal

aq-v- A-Sn-m-\- XX-z-Original Title: Usoolu Salasa

Author: Shaik Muhammed Ibn Abdul Wahab ( )
Translator: K.K. Zakariya Swalahi
First Edition: February 2006

Price: Rs. 25.00

Publishers | Distribution:
Da'wa Books | Salafi Cultural Complex | Vyttila | Kochi-19 | Kerala | India
Email: dawabooks@nicheoftruth.org
Cover: Yoonus K.K.
Type Setting: Creative Media
Printing: Screen Offset, Kochi-18
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means
without the prior written permission of the publishers.

Z-Av-hm- _p-Iv-kv
]p-kv-X-I- {]-km-[-\-cw-K-s- \-hm-K-X-\m-Wv.A-m-cm-jv-{S-\n-e-hm-c-na-e-bm-f- ]p-kv-X-I-- ]p-d-n-d-p-I-bpw{]-k-Iv-X-am-b- hn-hn-[- `m-jm-{K-\v-Y-a-e-bm-f-n-te-v- sam-gn-am-w- \-S-n{]-kn-o-I-cn-p-I-bpwA-m-cm-jv-{S- k-aq-l-n-\v- ]-cn-N-b-s-Sp-t-a-e-bm-f- ]p-kv-X-I-a-p-- `m-j-I-fn-te-v- ]-cn-`m-j-s-Sp-n]p-d-n-d-p-I-bp-sa-m-am-Wv- e-yw.Z-Av-hm- _p-Iv-kn-s-d- B-dm-a-s- ]p-kv-X-I-am-Wn-Xv.ssi-Jv- a-l--Zv-_v-\p- A-_v-Z-n-- h-lm-_n-( )-sF-- e-Lp- Ir-Xn-bp-sSa-e-bm-f- hn-h--\-a-m-Wn-Xv.Hm-tcm- ap-kv-en-apw- \n-_--am-bpw- A-dn-n-cn-t-aq-v- A-Sn-m-\- X-X-z-k-c-f-am-bn- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-p-- Ir-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv.sI.-sI.- k-I-cn-- kz-em-ln-bm-Wv- hn-h--I-.hn-e-bn-cp-p-I-; \n-tZ-i--fpw- hn-a-i-\-fp-ap-m-hpw-.A-h-bv-s-mw- kzm-K-Xw-;A-h-bm-W-tm- \-s- t\-sc- \-S-p--X-v.{]m-Y-n-p-I,- Cu- in-ip-hn-s-d- h-f--p-th-n-.
A-m-lp-th....- \o- R--fp-sS- I-a-- kzo-I-cn-p-I-bpwkz-K-n- kv-Ym-\w- \-In- A-\p-{K-ln-p-I-bpwsN-t-Wta....-(B-ao-)-

a-mt\P-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

hn-h--\-p-dn-v-

k--h-kv-Xp-Xn-bpw- A-m-lp-hn-m-Ip-p.- ap-l--Zv- \-_n-()bnepw- Ip-Spw-_-m-Zn-I-fn-epw- A-hn-Sp-s- A-\p-Nc-m-cn-epw- A-mlphn-s- Im-cp-Wy-hpw- k-am-[m-\-hpw- k-Zm- h-jn-p-am-dm-I-s.lnPv-d- 12mw- \q-m-n-se- ap-P-n-Zv- (]-cn-jv-I-m-hv)- F-pwc-mw- ssi-Jp- C-kve
- mw- (C-kve
- m-an-s- Kp-cp-)- F-p-w- A-dnbsSp-- ssi-Jv- ap-l--Zv-_v-\p- A-_v-Zn- h-lm-_n-( )-s- "aq-vA-Sn-kvY
- m-\- X-Xz-'- F--a
- p-- "
'- F-- temI{]-ik
- X
v- - Ir-Xn-bp-sS- hn-h-a
- m-Wv- hm-b\
-
- m-cp-sS- ssI-If
- nencnp-X
- v.- k-uZ- n- A-td-_y-bn-\n-pw- ]-Xn-\m-bn-c
- W
-
- n-\v- tImn-I- {]-kn-o-I-cn--s-Sp-I-bpw- tem-I-s-m-Sp-ap-- k-e-^nI I-em-eb
-
- f
- n-ep-w- A-m-sX-bpw- ]-Tn-p-Ib
- pw- ]-Tn-n-p-IbpwsN-p-- Cu- e-Lp-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- a-e-bm-f- ]-cn`m-j- tI-c-f-n-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

C-Xp-h-sc- {]-kn-o-I-cn--s--Xm-bn- A-dn-n-n-.- "Zp-ss_- Ckvem-an-Iv- C-^-ta-j- sk'- ]p-d-n-d-n-b- "ssZ-hw,- a-Xw,Zq-X'- F-- hn-h--\w- a-e-bm-f- hm-b-\-m-cn- sN-dn-b- H-cpi-X-am-\w- B-fp-I-p-t]m-epw- e-`y-a-.- ku-Zn- A-td-_y-bn-seNn-e- Z-Avh
- m- sk-dp-I- (Pm-en-bm-p-I)- ]p-d
- n-d
- n-b- hnh-\--fp-sS- kv-Yn-Xn-bpw- `n--a-.- Cu- hn-S-hv- \n-I-p-I-bm-WvCu- hn-h--\-n-s- D-t-iyw.Hm-tcm- ap-kv-enapw- A-\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- A-dn-n-cn-t-- Nn-eA-Sn-kv-Ym-\- hn-j-b--fm-Wv- Cu- sIm-p-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- {]-Xn-]m-Zyw.X-s- kr-jv-Sn-p-I-bpw- t]m-n- h-f-n-sm-n-cn-p-I-bpw- sNp-- c-n-Xm-hv- (d-v)- B-cm-Wv?- A-h\
- v- C-jvS- s
- -- a-Xt- a-XmWv?B- a-Xw- ]-Tn-n-m-\pw- A-X-\p-k-cn-v- am-Xr-I- Im-Wn-m-\pwA-h- A-b-- Zq-X- B-cm-Wv?- kp-{]-[m-\-am-b- Cu- aq-v- hnjb-fm-Wv- ssi-Jp- C-kv-emw- A-Xn- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-n-p--Xv-.- inpw- _n-Zv-A-pw- X-\n-v- Np-p-ap-- ap-kv-enw- k-ap-Zm-b-nIq-cn-cp-v- ]-c-n-b- Im-e-L--n-em-Wv- {K-\v-Y-I-m-hv- Po-hn-Xv.Xu-lo-Zpw- in-pw- h-I-Xn-cn--dn-bm--,- kp--pw- _n-Zv-A-pwhy-h-tO-Zn--dn-bm-- ap-kv-enw- _-lp-P-\--sf- hnip-- Jp-B\ns-bpw- \-_n-N-cy-bp-sS-bpw- sh-fn--n- D--cn-m-\m-Wv- A-tlw- X-s- Po-hn-Xw- D-gn-p-sh--Xv.- A-Xn-\v- h-n-- ^-e--fpapmbn.- ku-Zn- A-td-_y- k-e-^n-I-v- h-f-q-dp-- a-m-b-XvX-s- A-Xn-s- {]-Xy--^-e--fn- H-m-Wv.Zp-ss_-bn- \n-pw- P.- ap-l--Zv- sIm-Sn-b-q- hn-h--\wsN-bv-Xv- ]p-d-n-d-n-b- ta-kq-Nn-n-- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- C-Xn-s- ]cn`m-j-bn- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- A-h-ew-_n-n-p--Xv.- F-m- l-Zo-kpI-fp-sS- \-d
- pw- D-c
- n-
- - Nn-e- {K-\Y
v-
- fpw- _-em-_e
-
- f
- pw- hnhcnn-p-v- F--Xm-Wv- Cu- hn-h--\-n-s- {]-tXy-I-X.- hm-b\
m-cp-sS- ]-T-\- ku-I-cym-w- aq-e-Ir-Xn-bn- C-m-- Nn-e- "Xes-p-I'- ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- sIm-Sp-n-p-ap-v.- ]-db
- m-t]m-Ip-- hnjb-s
- f- C-\w-Xn-cn-v- {K-ln-m- Cu- co-Xn- D-]I
- c
- n-pw;- A-Xpt]mse- ]-e- k-a-b--fn-em-bn- hm-bn-v- {K-ln-p--h-pw.--

{]-tX-y-I-{i--v-:- Cu- Ir-Xn-bn- {K-\v-Y-I-m-hv- D-cn-Nn-e- l-Zo-kp-I- ssi-Jv- A-_m-\n- ( )-bp-sSbpw- a-v- Nn-e- ap
l-n-kp-I-fp-sS-bpw- \n-cq-]-W-n- Zp-_-e-am-sW-v- sX-fn-hbm-Wv.- A-Sn-p-dn-n- A-m-cyw- \mw- tc-J-s-Sp-n-bn-p-ap-v.F-m- Nn-e- hm-b-\-m-v- C-hn-sS- H-cp- kw-i-bw- tXm-mw.A-Xm-b-Xv- h-en-b- ]-cn-jv-I-m-hpw- k-e-^o- ]-Wv-Un-X-\p-am-bncp- ssiJn-s- Ir-Xn-bn- F--s\-bm-Wv- Zp-_-e- l-Zo-kp-II-S-p-Iq-Sn-b-Xv F-v.- A-Xn-\p-- a-dp-]-Sn- ssi-Jv- A-_m-\n
Xs- "A--Av-h-p-k-e-^n-....'- F-- "ap-l--Zv- Cu-Zv- A-mkn'
bp-sS- Ir-Xn-s-gp-Xn-b- A-Sn-p-dn-n- hn-h-cn-n-p-v.- A-Xn-sNpcp-w- Xm-sg- sIm-Sp-p-p:""ssi-Jv- ap-l--Zv-_v-\p- A-_v-Zn- h-lm-_v- k-e-^o- A-Jo-ZbpsS- {]-t_m-[-I-\pw- ap-kv-enw- ]-cn-jv-I-m-hp-am-sW--Im-cyw- Ahn-X-n-Xa
- m-Wv.- ssi-Jp- C-kve
- mw- C-_v\
- p- ssX-an-b
- p-tijwC-kve
- m-an-I- tem-I
- v- in-v- I-ec
- m-- Xu-lo-Zv- {]-Nc
- n-n-XnA-t-l-n-\v- ap-Jy-am-b- ]-m-Wp--Xv.- hn-ti-jn-pw- B-[p-\n-Iku-Zn- A-td-_y-bp-sS- `m-Ka
- m-bn- am-dn-b- ln-Pm-kv,- \-PvZ- v- {]-tZifn.]-t,- Cu- Z-Av-h-n-s- `m-c-ta-dn-b-Xpw- Xn-c-p-]n-Sn--Xp-amb{]-h--\--fn- hym-]r-X-\m-b-Xp-sIm-m-bn-cn--Ww- A-t-ln-\v- k-e-^o- Z-Av-h-n-s- ]q-o-I-c-W-n-\v- km-[n-m-sXt]m-b-Xv.- A-Xm-b-Xv- a-Zv-l-_n-\pw- X-Jv-eo-Zn-\p-sa-Xn-cn-epw- Zp-_el-Zo-kp-I-s-Xn-cn-ep-ap-- k-a-cw-Iq-Sn- X-s- Z-Av-h-n-s- `mKam-m- A-t-l-n-\v- km-[n-n-.- F-p-am-{X-a-,- I-a-im-kv{XIm-cy-f
- n- A-t-lw- kz-bw-Xs
- - l-e
- o- a-Zvl
- _
- v- ]n-p-Scphy-Iv-Xn-bm-bn-cp-p-Xm-\pw.- l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS- Im-cy-n-em-I-s- ap]-e- {]-t_m-[I
- s
- c-bpwt]m-se- ap-l- n-kp-If
- p-sS- \n-ba
- \
- p-kcnpl-Zo-kn-s- X-cw-Xncn-hn- (kz-lo-lv,- Z-Cu-^v....)- A--l-n-\vth-- ]-cn-Pv-Rm-\-ap-m-bn-cp-n-- F-p-th-Ww- I-cp-Xm.- ImcWw- "B-Zm-_p- a-ivb
- n- C-e
- z-em-Xn'- F-- ssi-Jn-s- {]-knamb- Ir-Xn-bp-sS- B-Zy-n-X-s- c-v- {]-[m-\- \yq-\-X-I-fp-"A-m-lp-- C-o- A-kvA
- e
- p-I_
- n-lJ
- n- m-Ce
- u-\- A-sse-I....''-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

F-v- Xp-S-p-- Zp-_-e-am-b- l-Zo-km-Wv- sIm-Sp-n-p--Xv.Cu- l-Zo-kn-s- A-Sn-kvY
- m-\
- n- ]-n-bn-te-v- \-S
- p-]m-IpB
- - Cu- l-Zo-kn- ]-d
- l-Jv- sIm-p-- {]m-\
- - sNmH-cp- C-kv-em-an-I- a-cym-Z-bm-bn-m-Wv- A-Xn- A-t-lw- hn-i-Zo-I-cnn-p--Xv-!- F-m- C-_v-\p-ssX-an-b-( )- C-{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-n-.A-t-lw- k-e-^o- Z-Av-h-n-s- F-m- h-i--fpw- D-sm-alm-]-Wv-Un-X-\m-bn-cp-p.- Zp-_-e- l-Zo-kp-I-s-Xn-cnkapZm-b-s- Ku-c-h-]q-hw- D-W-n-b- ]-cn-jv-I-m-hm-WvAt-lw- (X-s- Nn-e- Ir-Xn-I-fn- A-_--h-im- A-]q-hw- NneZp-_e- l-Zo-kp-I- h-p-t]m-bn-p-s-n-epw).C-Xv- \mw- ]-db
- p-X
- v- ssi-Jv- ap-l
- Z- v_
- v\
- p- A-_vZ- n- h-lm_ns- kv-Ym-\-hpw a-l-Xz-hpw- Ip-d-v- Im-Wn-m-\-.- a-dn-v- k-e-^o]--n-X-cn- Hm-tcm-cp--pw- A-h-c-h-v- A-l-X-s-- kvYm\w- \-Ip-I- F-X
- m-Wt- m- \o-Xn- F-- \n-e
- m-Wv.- Xu-loZnsi-{Xp-- ssi-Jn-s\-Xn-cn- D--bn-p-- B-t-]--sf-bpwB-tcm-]-W--sf-bpw- \mw- H-cn--epw- C-j-vS-s-Sp-n-.- {]-Xyp-XI-gn-hn-]S- n- A-Xn-s\- {]-Xn-tcm-[n-p-X
- p-am-Wv- Xm-\pw.- F-m,\mw- \-Ip-- Cu- _-lp-am-\w- A-t-l
- n-s- Im-cy-n- AXn
cv- I-hn-bm- \--sf- t{]-cn-n-m-]m-Sn-.- A-Xn-\m- C-_v-\pssXan-b-( )-bpw- C-_v-\p- A-_v-Zn- h-lm-_pw-( )- X-n-ep-ssh-Pv-Rm-\n-Iam-b- Cu- A--cw- \mw- Hm-n-cn-t--Xp-v''.("Zm-dp- Cu-am'- ]p-d-n-d-n-b- "A--Av-h-p--e-^n--:- h- auJn-^p-lm- an-\- l-dIm-Xn- D-Jv-dm'- Im-Wp-I)-.Cu- Ir-Xn- ]-cn-`m-j-s-Sp-n- ]p-d-n-d-m- Cu-bp--h-s\t{]-cn-n-- ]-e-cp-ap-v.- A-Xn- {]-[m-\n-bm-Wv- Pn--bn- tPm-ensN-p-- k-tlm-Z-c- k-o- lp-ssk (tIm-gn-tm-Sv).- Atl-n-s- kvt- \-l]
- q-ha
- m-b- \n-_\
- v[
- n-- F-\n-v- h-en-b- {]tNm-Z\
- a
- m-bn.- A-tXm-sSm-w- k-tlm-Z-c- Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_-dn-st{]m-Xv-km-l-\-hpw.- A-m-lp- G-h-pw- {]-Xn-^-ew- \-I-s.B-ao.{K-\v-YI-m-hn-s- F-m- B-i-b--fpw- A-tX- ssi-en-bnX-s- a-e-bm-f-n-se--- H-cp- `m-j-bn-epw- hn-h--\w- sN-bvXv-

^-en-n-m- I-gn-bn-- F-- Im-cyw- kp-hn-Zn-Xa

- m-Wt- m.- A-XmWtm- hn-h--\- Ir-Xn-I-fpsS- ]-cn-an-Xn-bpw.- F-n-epw- I-gn-h-Xpw{i-an-n-p-v.- P.- ap-l--Zv- sIm-Sn-b-q-cn-s- ]-cn-`m-j- tPm-en- hfsc- F-fp--am-n.- A-m-lp- A-t-l-n-\pw- A-l-am-b- Iq-en- \I-s.- B-ao.- A-_--- kv-t\-l-_p-ym- Nq-n-m-Wn-Wsa-v- D-W-n-sm-v- \n--s.\m-Ym-!- C-sXm-cp- k-I-a-am-bn- kzo-I-cn-t-W-ta-!- B-ao.hn-\-b-]q-hw-,sI.-sI.- k-I-cn--- kz-em-ln
]n.-H.- I-S-h-q
I-q- Pn- - 670 676

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

Ba-pJ-w-

Hm-as XXzw

A-dn-b-pI-b-pw- A-X-p{]-Im-cw- {]-hr--n--pI-b-pw- sN-t-- \-n-_--am-b- Im-cy--

{kjvSm-hn-s\--n-bp ASn-a-bpsS Adnhv (d-v)

\m-e-v Im-cy-- ]Tn-n-c-n-- \n-_--am-Wv1. A-dn-hv- t\-S-pI.--

2.- A-X-p{]-Im-cw{]-hr-n--pI-.

k-pd-:- A-kv-d-v

-3.- A-Xn-te-v-Wn--pI--.

Camw- im^n- ()b-psS- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-

4.- A-Xn- h-c-p{]-bm-k-fn

-a-n--pI-.-

C-amw- _-pJm-cn]-d--Xv- 47:-19

aq-v- Im-cy-- ]-Tn--e-pw- A-X-\-pk-cn--v {]-h-n--e-pw- Hm-tcm- a-pk-v-enwkv-{Xo-]-pc-pj-am--pw- \-n-_--am-Wv.1.- \-s- kr-jv-Sn--X-pw \apv `--Ww\-I-p-X-pw
A-m-l-phm-Wv-.73:-15.-16

2.-A-m-l-phn-\-p
C-_-m-Z-n
B-sc-b-pw- ]--ptN-p-Xv A-h-\n-jv-Ss-S-pI-bn--.72:-16

-3. A-m-lp- hns- G-IX

- zwAw-Ko-I-cn--pI-b-pwd-kq-en-s\- A-\-pk-cn-pI-b-pw- sN-bv-XH-cmv- A-m-l-phn
-s-b-pw d-kq-e-n-s-b-pw
i-{X-phn-t\m-Sv- _-wm-]n-p-- -Xv
A-\-ph-Z-\o-b-a-.58:-22

Amlp Am-hv
An-p-XmWv inv

C_m-Z-ns
C\-

dv BcmtWm
Ah-\mWv
bYm
Bcm-[y

BcmWv
\o \ns
cn-Xmhns\ Bcm-[y
Fs\ a\n-emn

C_m-Z-n
\nv Amlp
Am--h-v
hXpw Anm Ah
Im^n-dpw,
apivcnpw Bbno-cpw (23:117)
{]m-\ A-X-p
X-s-bm-WvC_m-Z-v-.
(Xpap-Zn)

ZpB
72:18
{]m-\
Bcm-[-\-bmIp-p.

2:2122

Ahs
1) Zr-jvSm--
fn-eqsS.
2) krjvSn-I-fn
eq-sS.

Ju^v (`-bw)
7:185
dPm-Av ({]-Xo) 18:110
Xh-p
(`ctan) 6:53,5:23
dlv_v (t]Sn) 21:90
Jpiq-Av (`b`n) 21:90
Jivbv (`oXn) 2:150

C-{_m-lnw- \-_n-()bpsS- l-\-o-^nm-b- (t\-cm-b)- a-Xw-.l\o-^nmx- Iogv-h-W-w- A-m-l-ph-n-\v- am-{X-am--n-sm-v

A-m-l-phn-s\- B-cm-[n--pIF-\n-v- am-{Xw- C-_m-Z--v sN-m-- th-n-b-m-sX- a-\-pjy-sc-b-pw- P-n--pI-sfb-pwRm- kr-jv-Sn--n-n-. (51:56)
Amlp In--Xn Ghpw
al-mbXv XuloZv BIpp.
AXm-bXv C_m-Zv (B-cm-[-\)
Am-lp-hn\v am{X-ambn
]cn-an-X-s-Sp-.

Amlp hntcm-[n--Xn Ghpw

Kuc-h-ta-dn-bXv inmWv. AYhm
Am-lphnt\m-sSmw Ah-\-m
--hsc hnfnv {]mn- (4:36)

C\m-_v
(Xm-gva) 39:54
CkvXn-B\v
(k-lm-bw)
1:5
CkvXn-BZv(A-`bw
tXS)
113:1114:1
CkvXn-KmY
(km-lm-bm`y-\) 8:9
Z_vlv (_-en)
6:162163
\Zv (t\)
76:7

41:37
7:54

1:1
Fsbpw
ktemIscbpw
Xs A\p{K-l-
sImv
t]mn
hfp-h. Ah\m-Ipp
Bcm-[y.
Ah-\m
sX F\nsmcp
Bcm-[y\n.
Amlp
Am-sXmw
(B-ew)
AYhm
Ahs
{kjvSnI-fn
s]-Spp.

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

cm-as XXzw

aqm-as XXzw

sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ]n_-e-tmsS Ckvemans\ a\-n-em-p-I.

apl-Zv \_n (
) sb a\-n-em-p-I.

Ckvemw aqv XXz- Dsm-pp

apl-Zv \_n (
)

1. Am-lp-hns GI
Xzw AwKo-I-cn-psImv Ah\v
kzbw kan-p-I.

2. ]pWy-Ia-
{]h--n-psImv
Ah\v Iogvs-SpI.

3. inn-t\mSpw in
ns Bfp-Itfm
Spw _-hn-tOZw
\S-p-I.

\--Xn-I
-\p-kr-X-ambn
{]Xn^ew
52:31

Ckveman\v aqv ]Z-hn-I-fpv.

Clvkm

Cuam

Ckvemw

(ssZh `b-tm-sS
bp kpIr-Xw)

(k-Xy-hn-izm-kw)

(k-a-Ww)

Am-lp-hns\ ImWp- 16:128

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4:65, 4:163, 16:36

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3. Xs Bcm-[n-m thn P\-sf
Wn-p--h.

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

14

A-dn-bp-I-!- A-m-lp- Xm--sf- A-\p-{K-ln--s.\m-ev- Im-cy-- ]-Tn-n-cn-- \-ap-v- \n-_-\v-[-am-Wv.1.- A-dn-hv- t\-Sp-I-A-Xm-b-Xv- A-m-lp-hn-s\-bpw- A-h-s- {]hm
N-I-s\-bpw- C-kv-emw- a-X-s-bpw- sX-fnhp-I- k-ln-Xw- a\
nem-p-I.2.- a-\-n-em-n-b-Xp -{]-Im-cw- {]-h-n-p-I.3.- A-Xn-te-v- -Wn-p-I- ({]-t_m-[-\w- sN-p-I-)-.4.- A-Xn-s- t]-cn- A-\p-`-hn-t-n-h-cp-- {]-bm-k--fn-an-p-I.C-Xn-\p-- sX-fn-hv- A-m-lp-hn-s- h-N-\--fm-Wv.-

""Im-ew- X-s-bm-Wv- k-Xyw-;- Xo--bm-bpw- a-\p-jy- \-jv-Sn- X-s-bm-Ip-p-;- hn-iz-kn-p-I-bpw- k-I-a-- {]h
n-p-Ibpw- k-Xyw-sIm-pw- -a-sIm-pw- A-t\ym-\yw- D-]tZinp-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-h-scm-gn-sI''- (A- A-kzv:-13)-.-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

C-amw- im-^n- (

20

21

)- C-{]-Im-cw- ]-d-n-p-v.-

""A-m-lp- X-s- kr-jv-Sn-I-p-- \ym-b-{]-am-W-am-bn- CuA-[ym-ba

-
- m-sX- (a-sm-pw)- A-hX
- c
- n-n-n-- F-v- k--]npI.F-m- t]m-epw- A-h-n-Xv- a-Xn-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp-p''.""D-]-tZ-i-n-\pw- I-a-n-\pw- ap-m-bn- A-dn-hp-t\-S''- F-H-cp- X-e-s-v- X-s- C-amw- _p-Jm-cn- X-s- kz-lo-ln- H-cp- A
[ym-b-n-\v- \-In-bn-p-v.- A-Xn-\p-- A-t-l-n-s- A-h-ew_w- Xm-sg- Im-Wp-- Jp-B- h-N-\-am-Wv.-

""B-I-bm- A-m-lp-h-m-sX- B-cm-[-\--l-\m-bn- a-m-cpans-v- \o- a-\-n-em-p-I.- \n-s- ]m-]-n-\v- \o- ]-m-]-tam-N-\wtX-Sp-I-bpw sN-p-I''- (ap-l--Zv-:19).-

""C-hn-sS- I-a
- n-\pw- D-]t- Z-i
- n-\pw- ap-m-bn- A-dn-hv- t\SpXn-s\-bm-Wv- A-m-lp- a-pn--Xv''- (kz-lo-lp- _p-Jm-cn,- hm:1,In-Xm-_p- Cav,- _m-_v- 11)-.(A-dn-bp-I-)-A-m-lp- Xm--v- A-\p-{K-lw- sN--s- Xm-sg]-d-bp-- aq-v- (kp-{]-[m-\)- Im-cy-- ]-Tn--epw- A-X-\pk-cnv{]-h-n--epw- Hm-tcm- ap-kv-enw- kv-{Xo-]p-cp-j-m-pw- \n-_\v[-am-Wv.(H-v-)- \-s- kr-jv-Sn--Xpw- \-ap-v- `--Ww- \-Ip--XpwA-m-lp-hm-Wv.- A-h- \-s- (A-h-K-Wn-n-n-)- X-n--f-nn.- \-n-te-v- A-h- Zq-X-s\- \n-tbm-Kn-n-p-v.- B- Zq-X-s\- A\pk-cn--h- kz-K-n- {]-th-in-p--Xm-Wv.- A-t-l-s- [ncn--h- \-c-I-n-epw.Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-- Jp-B- h-N-\-am-Wv- A-Xn-\p-- sX-fn-hv.-

""Xo--bm-bpw- \n--fn-te-v- \n--fp-sS- Im-c-y-n-\v- km-nbm-bn-p- H-cp- Zq-X-s\- \mw- \n-tbm-Kn-ncn-p-p.- ^n-H-u-sA-Sp-t--v \mw- H-cp- Zq-Xs
- \- \n-tbm-Kn-X
- -v t]m-se-s
- .- Fnv^n-H
- u- B- Zq-Xt- \m-Sv- [n-m-cw- Im-Wn-p.- A-tm- \mw- Ahs\I-Sp-- H-cp- ]n-Sp-w- ]n-Sn-p-Ib
- p-m-bn''- (A- ap-
- n- :15,16).(c-v)- A-m-lp-hnp-- C-_m-Z
- n- B-sc-bpw- ]-p-tNp-Xv- A-h- C-jv-S-s-Sp-I-bn-.- A-Xv- A-h-- km-ao-]yw- t\Snba-e-p-I-tfm- A-h- \n-tbm-Kn-- Zq-X-m-tcm- B-sW-n- t]mepwA-m-lp-hn-s- h-N-\-am-Wv- A-Xn-\p-- sX-fn-hv.-

""]-n-I- A-m-lp-hn-p-X
- m-Ip-p.- A-Xn-\m- \n-- Am
l
- p-thm-sSm-w- B-sc-bp-w- hn-fn-v- {]m-n-c
- p-Xv'- '- (A Pn-v:18).(aq-v)- d-kq-en-s\- A-\p-k-cn-p-I-bpw- A-m-lp-hn-s- G-IXzwAw-Ko-I-cn-p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- H-cm-v- A-m-lp-hn-s-bpw- d-kqens-bpw- i-{Xp-hn-t\m-Sv- _-\v-[w- kv-Ym-]n-p--Xv- A-\p-h-Z-\o-ba.A-h- F-{X- A-Sp-- _-\v-[p-hm-bm- t]m-epw.- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-Xv- t\m-p-I-:-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

22

""A-m-lp-hn-epw- A-y-Zn-\-n-epw- hn-iz-kn-p-- H-cp- P-\X

A-m-lp-th-Spw- A-h-s- d-kq-en-t\m-Spw- F-Xn-p- \-n-p-hcp-am-bn- kv-t\-l-_-w- ]p-e-p--Xv- \o- I-s-p-I-bn-.- Ah- (F-Xn--p-Im)- A-h-c-p-sS- ]n-Xm--tfm- ]p-{X-m-tcm -k-tlmZc-m-tcm- _-p--tfm- B-bn-cp-m- t]m-epw-.- A--c-m-cp-sSlr-Z-b--fn- A-m-lp- hn-izm-kw- tcJ-s-Sp-p-I-bpw- A-hs]-- \n-p-- H-cm-s
- sN-X\
- yw- sIm-v- A-h- A-h-v- ]n_-ew- \-Ip-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-p-p-.- Xm-gv-`m-K-p-Iq-Sn- A-cp-hnI- H-gp-Ip-- kz-Kt- m-p-If
- n-- A-hs
- c- A-h- {]-th-in-npI-bpw- sN-pw.- A-h-c-Xn- \n-Xy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-pw.- A-m-lpA-h-sc--n- Xr-]v-Xn-s-n-cn-p-p.- A-h- A-h-s\--n-bpw- Xr-]vXns-n-cn-p-p.- A--c-m-cm-Ip-p- A-m-lp-hn-s- I-n.- A-dnbp-I-:- Xo--bm-bpw- A-m-lp-hn-s- I-n-bm-Ip-p- hn-P-bw- {]m]n-p--h-''- (A ap-Pm-Zn-e-:22).(A-dn-bp-I-:- A-m-lp-hn-s\- A-\p-k-cn-p-hm- A-h- \n-\-vhn-th-Iw- \-I-s-)-."Io-gh
v- W
-
- w- A-m-lp-hn-\v- am-{X-am-n-sm-v- \o- A-m-lphns\- B-cm-[n-p-I'- F--Xm-Wv- C-_v-d-m-lnw- \-_n-()-bp-sS- an
m-b- l-\o-^n-m- (t\-cm-b)- - a-Xw.- A-m-lp- F-m- a-\p-jy-tcmSpwI-]n--Xv- A-Xm-Wv.- A-Xn-\p-th-n-X-s-bm-Wv- A-h-sc-sb-mwA-h- kr-jv-Sn--Xpw.- A--m-lp- ]-d-bp-p:-

""F-\n-v- am-{Xw- C-_m-Z-v- (B-cm-[-\)- sN-m- th-n-bmsX- a-\p-jy-scbpw- Pn-p-I-sf-bpw- Rm- kr-jv-Sn-n-n-''- (A-mcn
bm-v-:56).""b-A_
v- p-Zq- \
- n''- (F-\n-v- C-_m-Z
- v- sN-m)- F-v- ]-d
m""bp-h-lv-ln-Zq-\n''- (F-s- G-I-Xzw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-m)- F-m-Ww.-

23
A-m-lp- I-]n--Xn- G--hpw- a-l-m-b-Xv- "Xu-lo-Zv'- BIpp.- A-Xm-b-Xv- C-_m-Z-v- (B-cm-[-\)- A-m-lp-hn-\v- am-{X-am-bn]-cn-an-X-s]-Sp-.- A-m-lp- hn-tc-m-[n--Xn- G--hpw- Ku-c-htadn-b-Xv- in-m-Wv.- A-Y-hm- A-m-lp-hn-t\m-sSm-w- A-h-\-m-h-sc- hn-fn-v- {]m-n-.- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp--Xv- t\m-q:-

""\n-- A-m-lp-hn-\-v C-_m-Z

- -v sN-p-Ib
- pw- A-ht- \m-S-v bmsXmn-s\-bpw- ]-p-tN-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw- sN-p-I''- (A--nk
- mDv :36).a-\p-jy- A-\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- a-\-n-em--n-bn-cn-t-- aq-v- {][m-\- X-Xz-- G-Xm-sW-v- \n-tm-Sv- tNm-Zn--s-m- \o- ]-dtb--Xv- C-Xm-Wv-:1.- A-Sn-a- X-s- c-n-Xm-hn-s\- a-\-n-em-p-I.2.- X-s- c-n-Xm-hn-s- (C-jv-S)-a-X-s- a-\-n-em-p-I.3.- X-s- c-n-Xm-hn-s- Zq-Xs
- \- (d-kq-en-s\)- a-\
- n-em-pI.A-m-lp\n-s- d-v- (c-n-Xm-hv)- B-cm-sW-v- tNm-Zn--s-m- \o- ]d-bp-I-:- ""F-s- d-v- A-m-lp-hm-Ip-p.- A-Xm-b-Xv- F-s-bpwk--tem-I-sc-bpw- X-s- A-\p-{K-l--sIm-v- t]m-n-h-f-p-h.- A-h-\m-Ip-p- F-s- B-cm-[y-;- A-h-\-m-sX- F-\n-vbm-sXm-cp- B-cm-[y-\p-an-''.- C-Xn-\p-- sX-fn-hv,-

""k--kv-Xp-Xn-bpw- k--tem-I- c-n-Xm-hm-b- A-m-lp-hn-mIp-p''- F-- A-m-lp-hn-s- h-N-\-am-Ip-p-''- (A ^m-Xn-l-:1).A-m-lp-h

- m-s
- X-mw- "B-ew'- (tem-Iw)- F-X
- n-s]-Spp.(A-Y-hm- A-h-s- krjv-Sn-I-fm-Ip-p).- Rm-\pw- B- kr-jv-Sn-IfnH-cp-h-\m-Ip-p.""\o- \n-s- c-n-Xm-hn-s\- F-s
- \- a-\
- n-em-n''- F-v- \ntmSv- tNm-Zn--s-m- \o- C-{]-Im-cw- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bp-I-:- ""B- cnXmhn-s- kr-jv-Sn-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw- Zr-jv-Sm---fn-eq-sS-bp-am-Wv- (Rm-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

24

A-h-s\- a-\-n-em-n-b-Xv)-.- cm-{Xn-bpw- ]-I-epw- kq-cy-\pw- N-{\pwA-h-s- Zr-jv-Sm---fn- s]--Xm-Wv.- G-gv- B-Im-i--fpw- G-gv`q-an-I-fpw- A-h-bv-n-S-bn-ep--Xp-a-smw- A-h-s- kr-jv-Sn-I-fns]-X
- s
- {X-!- Xm-sg- ]-db
- p-- Jp-B- kq-IvX
-
- f
- m- W
- v- A-Xn-\psX-fn-hv-:-

""A-hs
- - Zr-jvS- m-
- f
- n-s-X
- s
- {X cm-hpw- ]-Ie
- pw- kq-cy\pwN-{-\p-w.- - kq-cy-t-m- N-{-tm- \n-- {]-Wm-aw- sN-c
- p-X.v - Ahsbkr-jSv- n-h
- \
- m-b- A-m-lp-hn-\v- \n-- {]-Wm-aw- sN-p-I;- - \nA-h-s\-bm-Wv- B-cm-[n-p--sX-n.''-- (A ^p-zn-e-Xv-:37).-

""X-o--bm-bpw- \n--fp-sS- c-n-Xm-hv- B-dpZn-h-k--fn-em-bn

B-Im-i
- f
- pw- `q-an-bpw- kr-jSv- n-h
- \
- m-b- A-m-lp-hm-Ip-p.- Fn-h- knw-lm-k\
- k
- Y
v- \
- m-bn-cn-p-p.- cm-{Xn-sb- sIm-h
- - ]Iens\- aq-Sp-p.- {Zp-X-K-Xn-bn- A-Xv- ]-I-en-s\- tXSn-sN--p-p. kqcys\-bpw- N-{-s\-bpw- \-{- X-s
- f-bpw- X-s- I-]\
-
- v- hn-t[bam-s-- \n-e-bn- (A-h- kr-jv-Sn-n-cn-p-p)- A-dnbpI:- kr-jv
Sn-pw- im-k\
- m-[n-Im-ch
- p-w- A-h
- p- X-s-bm-Wv.- temI-cn-Xmhmb- A-m-lp- a-l-Xz-]q--\m-bn-cn-p-p.''-- (A A-Av-dm-^v-:54).c-n-Xm-hv- (d-v)- B-cm-tWm- A-h-\m-Wv- b-Ym-- B-cm-[y

25
A-Y-hm- "A- a-Av-_-Zv'-.- A-m-lp-X-s- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""P-\--tf-!- \n--sf-bpw- \n--fp-sS- ap-Km-an-I-sf-bpw- kr-jvSn \n--fp-sS- \m-Y-s\- \n-- B-cm-[n-p-hn.- \n-- tZm-j
_m-[s
- b- kq-n-(v- Po-hn)-p-hm- th-n-bs
- {X- A-Xv.- \n-vth-n- `q-an-sb- sa--bpw- B-Im-i-s- ta-]p-c-bp-am-n--cnIbpw- B-Im-i-p- \n-v- sh-w- sNm-cn-p X-n-v- A-Xp-ap-tJ\\n--p- `-n-p-hm-\p-- Im-bv-I-\n-I- D-]m-Zn-n-p- X-cnIbpw- sN-bv-X- (\m-Y-s\)-.- A-Xn-\m- (C-sX-mw)- A-dn-p- sImv\n-- A-m-lp-hn\v- k-a
- m-sc- D-m-c
- p-Xv'- '- (A-_J
- d
- :- 21,22).C-_v-\p-I-ko-( -) -]-d-bp-p-:- ""Cu- h-kv-Xp--fp-sS-sb-mw- {kjv-Sm-hv- B-cm-tWm- A-h\m-Wv- b-Ym--n- C-_m-Z-n-\v- (Bcm-[-\-v)- A-l.C-_m-Z-n-s- C-\-"C-ke
-v mw'-- (k-a-Ww),- "Cu-am'-- (k-Xy-hn-izm-kw),- "C-lk
v m'(ssZ-h-`-b-tm-sS-bp-- kp-IrXw-),- "Zp-B' -({]m--\),- "Ju^v'(`-bw-),- "dPm-Dv'-- ({]-Xo--),- "X-h-p'-- (`-c-ta-]n-),- "d-Kv-_Xv'(B-{K-lw),- "d-lv-_-Xv-'- (t]-Sn-),- "Jp-iq-Dv- (`-Iv-Xn),- "J-iv-b-Xv'-- (`oXn),"C-\m-_-Xv'- (Xm-gv-a),- "C-kv-Xn-B-\'-- (k-lm-bw),- "C-kv-Xn-B-Z-Xv-'(A`-bw- - tXS-),- "C-kX
-v n-Km-Y'-- (k-lm-bm-`y-\
- )- ,- "Z-_l
-v 'v -- (_en),"\-Zv'- - (t\-)....- Xp-S
- n- - A-m-lp- I-]n-- C-_m-Z
- n-s- FmC-\--fpw- A-m-lp-hn-p--Xm-Wv.- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""\n-iN
-v b
- w,- ]-n-I A-m-lp-hn-\p-
- X
- m-W.v A-Xn-\m- \n-

26

27

A-m-lp-th-sSm-w- B-sc-bpw- hn-fn-p- {]m-n--cp-Xv-''- (A

Pnv-:-18).C-_m-Z-n-\n-v- h--Xpw- A-m-lp-h-m--h-v- A-nm
- A-h- "Im-^n-dpw'- (k-Xy-\-n-tj-[n)- "apiv-cn-pw'- (_-lp-ssZhmcm-[-I)- B-bn-o-cp--Xm-Wv.- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-Xv- t\m-p-I:-

Ip-dn-v- X-s-bm-Wv- ]n-o-Sv- "F-s- B-cm-[n-p--Xn- \n-v'F-v- ]-d--Xv-hn-h--I-.)- ta-]-d--h- (`-bw,- {]-Xo-,`-c-ta]n-....)-sb-mw- C-_m-Z-n- s]--Xm-Wv- F--Xn-ssX-fn-hpI- C-\n- ]-d-bp-- Jp-B- h-N-\--f-s{X:--

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

""....-\n- A-h-sc- `-b-s-Sm-sX- F-s- `-b-s-Sp-I.- \n-k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW-n''- (B-ep-Cw-dm-:175).{]-Xo-

""h-h
- \
- pw- A-m-lp-thm-sSm-w- a-p-h
- - ssZ-hs
- -bpw- hnfnv
{]m-n-p-- ]-w- A-Xn-\v- A-hs
- - ]-- bm-sXm-cp- {]amWhpw- C-- X-s- A-h-s- hn-Nm-c-W- A-h-s- c-n-Xm-hn-s- ASp- sh-p- X-s-bm-bn-cn-pw.- k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-I- hn-Pb
- w- {]m]np-I-b-n-;- Xo-'-- '- (A ap-Av-an-\q-:117).H-cp- \-_n-h-N-\-n- C-{]-Im-cw- Im-Wmw-:-

""{]m--\- C-_mZ-n-s- a-Pv-P-bm-Ip-p''-(1)- (Xn-an-Zn-)-C-Xn\p- {]m-\

- - B-cm[-\b
- m-sW-p-X
- n-\p-)- - sX-fn-h-v C-XmIpp.-

""\n--fp-sS- c-n-Xm-hv- ]-d-n-cn-p-p-:- \n- F-tm-Sv{]m-n-q. Rm- \n--p D-c

- w- \-Imw.- F-s- Bcm[nm
-sX- A-l-m-cw- \-Sn-p--hcm-tcm- A-h- h-gn-sb- \n-y-cm-bn-smv- \-c-I-n- {]-th-in-p--Xm-Wv-;- Xo''-- -(A Km-^n:60)(C-hn-sS- B-Zyw- ]-d-- "F-tm-Sv- {]m-n-q-'- F--Xn-s\1.- Cu- l-Zo-kn-s- ]-c--c- (k-\-Zv)- Zp-_-e-am-sW-pw- ]-c--c-bn- "C-_v-\pe-lo-A'- F-- a-\-]m-T-i-Iv-Xn- tam-i-am-b- dn-tm--dp-s-pw- {]-ap-J- ap-l
n-km-b- A-_m-\n- hy-Iv-X-am-n-bn-p-v.- F-m- "{]m--\- A-Xp-X-s
bm-Wv- B-cm-[-\'- (A-p-B-D- l-h- C-_m-Zx)- F-- dn-tm-v- {]-_-e-am-b
Xm-Wv- (an-iv-Im-Xv- 2230,- 2231)- 2:-693)- t\m--p-I.-

"".....--BI
- b
- m- h-h
- \
- pw- X-s- c-n-Xm-hp-am-bn I-p-ap-W
- sav B-{K-ln-p-p-sh-n- A-h- k-I-w- {]-hnpIbpw,X-s- c-n-Xm-hn-\p-- B-cm-[-\-bn- bm-sXm-n-s\-bpw- ]-ptNm-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm--s.''-- (A-I-lv-^v-:-110).`-c-ta-]n-
"X-h-p-en'-s- sX-fn-hv- C-Xm-Wv:-

""....-\n-- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-If
- m-sW-n- A-m-lp-hn- \n-`-c-ta-]n-p-I''- (am-C-Z-:-23).a-sm-cn-S-v- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp--Xv- C--s\-bm-Wv-:-

""B-sc-n-epw- A-m-lp-hn- `-c-ta-n-p-- ]-w- A-h-vA-m-lp- X-s- a-Xnbm-Ip--Xm-Wv-''- (A--z-em-Jv-:3).B-{K-lw-,- `-Iv-Xn

C-sX-mw- B-cm-[-\-bn-ep-s--Xm-Wv- F--Xn-s- sX-fn-hvXmsg- ]-d-bp-- h-N-\-am-Wv.-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

28

29
bw- tX-Sp-I-''-(1)-.A-`-bw- tX-SXm-sg- sIm-Sp-p-- h-N-\--fm-Ip-p- C-Xn-\p-- sX-fn-hv:-

"".....- Xo--bm-bpw- A-h- ({]-hm-N-I-m)- D--a- Im-cy-v[r-Xn-Im-Wn-p-Ib

- pw,- B-in-
- p-sIm-pw- t]-Sn-p-sIm-pw- \-tmSv{]m-n-p-I-bpw- sN-p--h-cm-bn-cpp.- A-h- \-tm-Sv- Xm-gv-aIm-Wn-p--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p-'-'- (A A-n-Av-:90).`o-Xn
A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""....-F-m- \n-- A-h-sc- `-b-s-Sm-sX- F-s `-b-sSpI.....''- (A-_-J-d-:-150).X-m-gv-a-

""\n--v- in-- h-s-p--Xn-\v- ap-m-bn- \n-- \n-fpsS- c-n-Xm-hn-t- e-v Xm-ga

v- t- bm-sS- a-S
- p-Ib
- pw,- A-h
- p- IogvsSp-I-bpw- sN-p-hn.- ]n-s- (A-Xv- h--Xn-\v- ti-jw)- \n-klm-bn--s-Sp--X-''- (A-p-a-:54).k-lm-bw- tX-S-

""\n-s- am-{Xw R-- B-cm-[n-p-p-.- \n-tm-Sv- am-{XwR- k-lm-bw- tX-S-p-p''- (A ^m-Xn-l-:-5).H-cp- l-Zo-kn- C-{]-Im-cw- h-n-p-v.""\o- k-lm-bw- tX-Sp-I-bm-sW-n- A-m-lp-hn-t\m-Sv- k-lm-

""\-_n-tb-!- Xm-- ]-d-bp-I-:- ]p-e-cn-bp-sS- c-n-Xm-hn- RmA-`-bw- tX-Sp-p''- (A ^-e-Jv-:1).-

""\-_n-tb-!- ]-db
- p-I:- - P-\
- f
- p-sS- c-n-Xm-hn-t\m-Sv- Rm- A`bwtX-Sp-p''- (A-m-kv-:1)-.C-kv-Xn-Km-YA-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""\n-- \n-fp-sS- c-n-Xm-hn-\m-Sv- k-lm-bw- tX-Sn-bn-cp-k--`w- (Hm-p-I)- Xp-S-sc-p-S-sc-bm-bn- B-bn-cw- a-e-p-I-sfA-b

- p-sIm-v- Rm- \n--v- k-lm-bw- \-Ip-X
- m-Wv- FvA-h- A-tm- \n--v- a-dp-]-Sn- \-In''- (A A-^m:9)._-en-I-awA-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""]-d-bp-I-:- Xo--bm-bpw- F-s- {]m--\-bpw- F-s- B-cm-[\m-I-

- f
- pw-,- F-s- Po-hn-Xh
- pw,- F-s- a-cW
- h
- pw- tem-Ic
-
- nXm1.- Xn-an-Xn- (2516)- A-lv-a-Zv- (2537),- kz-lo-lp- Pm-an-Av-(7957)

30

31

hm-b- A-m-lp-hn-\p-X
- m-Ip-p.- A-h
- v- ]-p-Im-tc-bn-.- A-{]Imc-am-Wv- Rm- I-]n--s-n-cn-p--Xv.- (A-h-v)- Io-gv-s]-Sp-hcn- Rm- H-m-a-\m-Wv.-''- (A A-Bw-:162:-163).-\-_n-()- ]-d-bp-p-:-

\_n( )- A- m- l p- h n- s - Zq- X - \ m- s W- p- a p- - k- X ykmyw.2.- A-p-t\-c-s- \-a-kv-Im-cw- Ir-Xy-ambn- \n-h-l-n--.3.- k-Im-v- \-I- ([-\-ap--h)-.4.- "d-a-Zm'- am-k-n- t\m-v- ({h-Xw)- A\p-jv-Tn--.5.- I-gn-hp-- hn-ip-- I-Av-_-n-- t]m-bn- l-v- \nhln.C-\n,- C-h- Hm-tcm-n-\p-ap-- sX-fn-hp-I- {i-n-p-I:H-m-a-s- k-my-hm-Iyw- (em- C-em-l- C--m-lv)-.A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

""A-m-lp- A-m-
- h
- -v- th-n- _-en- A-dp-h
- s
- \- A-mlp(1)
i-]n-n-cn-p-p''- -.t\-A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""A-h- t\-- \n-d-th-p-I-bpw- B-]-v- ]-S-p-]n-Sn-p-H-cp- Zn-hk

- s
- -- `-bs
- -Sp-Ib
- pw- sN-p-X
- m-Wv''- (A Ckm:7).2. C-kv-emwsX-fn-hp-If
- p-sS- ]n-_e
- t- m-sS- C-kve
- m-an-s\- a-\
- n-em-pIF--Xm-Wv- c-m-a-s- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xzw.A-m-lp-hn-s- G-I-Xzw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-p-sIm-v- A-h-v- kz-bwk-a-n-p-I-bpw- ]p-Wy-I-a-- {]-h-n-p-sIm-v- A-h-vIo-gv-s-Sp-I-bpw- in-n-t\m-Spw- in-n-s- B-fp-I-tfm-Spw- _-\v[hn-tO-Zw- \-S-p-I-bpw- sN-p-I- F--Xm-Wv-.- A-Xn-\v- aq-v- ]ZhnI-fp-v-:1.- C-kv-emw- (k-a--Ww).2.- Cu-am- (k-Xy-hn-izm-kw).3.- Clv-km- (ssZ-h- `-b-tm-sS-bp-- kp-Ir-Xw).C-h- Hm-tcm-n-\pw- Nn-e- "dp-Iv-\p-I'- (kvXw-`-)- D-v.C-kv-emw- Im-cy-C-kv-em-an-s- A-Sn-kvYm-\- kv-Xw-`-- A-m-Ip-p-:
1.- A-m-lp-h-m-sX- Bcm-[-\--l-\n-s-pw- ap-l--Zv1. ap-kv-enw-(1978)- (In-Xm-_p- A-Zm-lo)-,- an-iv-Im-Xv- (4070)-.-

""Xm-\-m-sX- H-cp- ssZ-h-hp-an-s--Xn-\v- A-m-lp- km-ywh-ln-n-cn-p-p.- a-e-p-I-fpw A-dn-hp--h-cpw- (A-Xn-\-v km-nIfm-Ip-p)- A-h- \o-Xn- \n-hl
- n-p-h
- \
- s
- {X-.- A-h\
-
- m-sX- ssZh-an-.- {]-Xm-]n-bpw- bp-Iv-Xn-am-\p-a-s{X- A-h''- (B-ep-Cw-dm-:18).
""em- C-em-l- C--m-lv'- F-- km-y-hm-Iy-n-s- A-w""em- a-Av-_q-Z-_n- l-Izn- C--m-lv'- (b-Ym-- B-cm-[y-\m-bnA-m-lp-h-m-sX- am-cp-an-)- F-m-Ip-p."em- C-em-l-'- (bm-sXm-cp- B-cm-[y-\p-an-)- F-- hm-Iyw- Am
lp-hn-\v- ]p-ds
- a- B-cm-[n-s
- -Sp-- F-m-n-s\-bpw- \n-tj-[n-phm-Iy-am-Wv.- ]n-o-Sv- ]-db
- p-- "C-
- m- l
- v'- - (A-m-lp- H-gn-sI)- FkvY
- n-coI-cW
- - hm-Iy-am-Is
- - bm-sXm-cp- ]-pIm-cp-an-m- s
- X- "C-_mZn-s\'- A-m-lp-hn-\v- am-{X-am-n- ]-cn-an-X-s-Sp-p-I-bpw- sNpp.- cm-Pm-[n-]-Xy-n- A-m-lp-hn-\v- bm-sXm-cp- ]-p-Im-cp-anm
-t]m-se-X-s- B-cm-[-\-bn-epw- A-h-v- bm-sXm-cp- ]-p-Imcpan.Cu- km-y-hm-Iy-n-s- hym-Jym-\w- hy-Iv-X-am-p-- Nn-eJp-B- h-N-\-- {i-n-p-I.- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

32

33
c-m-a-s- km--y-hm-Iyw- (ap-l-a-Zp-d-d-kq-ep-m-lv)"ap-l--Zv-\-_n-()- A-m-lp-hn-s- Zq-X-\m-sW-'- c-mw- km
y-hm-Iy-n-s- sX-fn-hv- X-m-sg- ]-d-bp-- Jp-B- h-N-\-amWv.-

""C-_v-dm-low- X-s- ]n-Xm-hn-t\m-Spw P-\--tfm-Spw- C-{]-Im-cw]-d-- k--`w- ({i-t-b-am-Ip-p)-:- Xo--bm-bpw- Rm- \n-B-cm-[n-p--Xn- \n-v- H-gn-v- \n-p--h-\m-Ip-p.- F-skr-jv-Sn--h-s\m-gn-sI-.- Im-c-Ww Xo--bm-bpw- A-h-s\-\n-v- amKZ-i\
- w- \-I
- p-X
- m-Wv.- A-t-l
- n-s- ]n-Km-an-I- (k-Xynte-)v- - a-St- -X
- n-\m-bn- A-Xn-s\- (B- {]-Jym-]\
- s
- )- A-tlwA-h-n-S-bn- \n-e-\n-p-- H-cp- h-N-\-a-m-p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp''(A--p-Jv-dp-^v-:- 2628).B-epCw-dm-\n- ]-d-bp--Xv- t\m-q-:-

""Xo--bm-bpw- \n--n-Xm- \n--fn-\n-p-X-s-bp-- HcpZq-X- h-n-cn-p-p.- \n-- I-jv-S-s-Sp--Xv- k-ln-m- I-gn

bm-h
- \
- pw,- \n-f
- p-sS- Im-cy-n- A-Xo-h- Xm-]c
- y-ap-h
- \pw,k-Xy-hn-izm-k-n-I-tfm-Sv- A-Xy-w- Z-bm-ep-hpw- Im-cp-Wy-hm-\p-amWvA-t-lw''- (A--u-_-:-128)."ap-l--Zv-\-_n-()- A-m-lp-hn-s- Zq-X-\m-sW-- km-yw- h
ln-p-I'- F-X
- n-s- A-w,- A-hn-Sp-v- I-]n-s
- Xm-s- A\pk-cn-p-I-;- A-hn-Sp-v- hn-tcm-[n--sX-mw- sh-Sn-bp-I-;- A-hn-Sp-v]-Tn-n-- co-Xn-bn-eq-sS-b
- m-sX- A-m-lp-hn-s\- B-cm-[n-m-Xn-cnpI- F-s-m-am-Wv.\-a-kv-Im-cw,- k-Im--v
\-a-kv-Im-cw,- k-Im--v F-n-h-bp-sS- sXfn-hpw- Xu-lo-Zn-shym-Jym-\h
- pw- D-sm-p-- H-cp- Jp-B- kq-IvX
- w- {i-n-pI:-

""\-_n-tb-!- ]-d-bp-I-:- th-Z-m-tc-;- R--pw- \n--p-an-Sbn- k-aa

- m-bp- H-cp- hm-Iy-
- n-te-v- \n-- h-cp-hn-.- AXmbXv- A-m-lp-sh- A-m-sX- \mw- B-cm-[n-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw-,- Aht\m-Sv- bm-sXm--n-s\-bpw- ]-p- tN-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw- \--fnNn-e- Nn-e-sc- A-m-lp-hn-\v- ]p-d-sa- c-n-Xm-fm-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw- sN-p-I (F- X-Xz-n-te-v)-.- F-n-v- A-h- ]n-n-cnpI-fb
- p-- ]-w- \n-- ]-db
- p-I:- - R-- (A-m-lp-hn-\)v- - Iogvs-h-cm-Wv- F--Xn-v- \n-- km-yw- h-ln-p-sIm-p-I''- (BepCw-dm-:- 64).-

""Iogv-h-W-w- A-m-lp-hn-\v- am-{X-am-n-sm-v- E-Pp-a-\-kvIcm-b- \n-e-bn- A-h-s\- B-cm-[n-p-hm-\pw-,- \-a-kv-Im-cw- \n-e-\np-hm-\pw-,- k-Im-v- \-Ip-hm-\pw- A-m-sX- A-h-tcm-Sv- I-]n-s-n-n-.- A-X-s{X- h-{I-X-bn-m-- a-Xw''- (A-_n-\-:-5).t\m-v- ({h-Xm-\p-jv-Tm-\w)t\m-n-\p-- sX-fn-hv- Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-- h-N-\-am-Wv-:-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

34

""k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-It- f,- \n-f

- p-sS- ap-p-h
- t- cm-Sv- I-]n-s
- Xp-t]m-se-s- \n--pw- t\m-v- \n-_--am-bn- I-]ns-n-cn-p-p.- \n-- tZm-j-_m-[-sb- kq-n-p-hm- th-nbs{X- A-Xv-''- (A-_-J-d:183).
l-v- (a--bn-te-p-- Xo-m-S-\w)l--n-s\--p-dn-v- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

"".....- B- a-n-c-n-- (I-Av-_-n-)- F-n-t-cm- I-gnhp-- a-\p-jy A-Xn-te-v- Xo-m-S\

- w- \-S
- - A-h-v- Amlp-th-m-Sp-- _m--y-X-bm-Ip-p.- h-h-\pw- A-hn-iz-kn-p-- ]
w- A-m-lp- tem-I-cp-sS- B-{i-bw- C-m--h-\m-Ipp''- (BepCw-dm-:-97).Cuam- (hn-izm-k)-Im-cy--

(a-X-n-s- c-m-a-s- hn-`m-K-am-b)- ""Cu-am''- (hn-izm-kw)F-gp-]X

- n-]c
- w- im-JI
- f
- p-X
- m-Wv.- A-Xn- G-h
- pw- D-X
- a
- mbXv"em- C-em-l- C--m-lv'- F-- h-N-\-hpw,- G--hpw- Xm-gv-- ]-Zhnbnep-X
- v- h-gn-bn-\n-v- D-]{- Z-h
- - \o-w- sN-p-I- F-X
- p-amWv.e-Pv-P- Cu-am-\n-s- H-cp- im-J-bm-Wp-Xm-\pw''.--(1)- ("A-dp-]-Xn-]-cwim-J-I'- F-- dn-tm-pw- kz-lo-lm-Wv).- F-n-epw- H-cp- lZokn\v- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b- c-v- dn-tm-p-I- h-m- c-pw- tbm-Pnn
1. ap-kv-enw- (58)- In-Xm-_p- Cu-am.-

35
p-I-bm-Wv- th--Xv.- H-n-en-m-- Im-cyw- a-t-Xn- h-m"h--\-hv'- dn-tm-v- sN-bv-Xbm- {]-_-e-\m-sW-n- B- h\-hpw- kz-Io-cn-t-X
- m-Wv.- A-Xn-\m- C-hn-sS- D-c
- n-- F-gp]Xn
--cw- F-- dn-tm-n-\m-Wv- ap-K-W-\- I-]n-t--sX-v- Am-am- A-_m-\n- Im-cy-Im-cW
- - k-ln-Xw- hn-iZ- o-Ic
- n-n-p-v (knkn-e-p-z-lo-l-:-1769).Cu-am-\n-s- {]-[m-\- L-S-I-- B-dm-Ip-p-:1.- A-m-lp-hn-ep-- hn-izm-kw.2.- A-h-s- a-e-p-I-fn-ep-- hn-izm-kw-.3.- A-h-s- th-Z-{K-\v-Y--fn-ep-- hn-izm-kw.4.- A-h-s- Zq-X-m-cn-ep-- hn-izm-kw.5.- A-y-\m-fn-ep-- hn-izm-kw.6.- \--bpw- Xn--bpw- A-m-lp-hn- \n-m-sW--hn-[n-bn-ep hn-izm-kw.Xm-sg-bp-- Jp-B\
- n-I- kq-IvX
- a
- m-Wv- Cu- B-dv- L-SI
-
- p- sX-fn-hv.A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""\n-f
- p-sS- ap-J
- - In-gt- m-tm ]-Sn-m-tdm-tm- Xn-cn-pIF--X-- ]p-Wyw.- F-m- A-m-lp-hn-epw,-- A-y-Zn-\-n-epwa-e-p-I-fnepw,- th-Z-{K---fn-epw {]-hm-N-I-m-cn-epw- hn-iz-knp-I-bpw- .......- Ah-cm-Ip-p- ]p-W-y-hm-m''- (A-_-J-d-:177).
hn-[n-hn-izm-kwA-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

36

37

""Xo--bm-bpw- F-m- h-kv-Xp--sf-bpw- \mw- kr-jv-Sn-n-p-XvH-cp- hy-h-kv-Y- {]-Im-c-am-Ip-p''- (A-J-_d-:-49).C-lv-km- (kp-Ir-Xw-)"C-lvk

- m'- F-m- ""\o- A-m-lp-hn-s\-- - (Im-Wp-X
- p-t]mse)\o- A-h-s\- B-cm-[n--em-Wv.- \o- A-m-lp-hn-s\- Im-Wp-n-snepw- A-m-lp- \n-s- Im-Wp-p-v''.- C-Xn-\p-- sX-fn-hv- Xm-sg]-d-bp-- Jp-B- kq-Iv-X-am-Wv.-

"kp--n'-\n-p-- sX-fn-hv- D-a-dp-_v-\p- J-Xzm-_n-()\n-pw- D--cn--s-Sp--Xpw- "l-Zokv- Pn-_v-co'- F-- t-]cn{]-kn-a

- m-bX
- p-am-b- l-Zo-km-Wv.- {]-kX
v- p-X- l-Zo-kv- C-{]-Im-ca
- mWv:-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

""Xo-b
- m-bpw- A-m-lp- kq-a
v- X
- - ]m-en-h
- tcm-sSm-a
- m-Ipp;k-Zv-hr--cm-bn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hpw''-(A--lv-:-128).a-sm-cn-S-v- A-m-lp- C--s\- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""-{]-Xm-]n-bpw- I-cp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-am-bn-p-h
- s
- \- \o- `-ct- a-]npI-bpw- sN-p-I-; \o- \n-v- {]m-n-p-- k-a-b-v- \n-s- ImWp-h-\-s{X- A-h.- km-jv-Smw-Kw- sN-p--h-cp-sS- Iq--n-ep-\n-s- N-e-\-hpw- (Im-Wp--h).-- Xo--bm-bpw- A-h- F-mwtI-p--h-\pw- A-dn-bp--h-\p-a-sX''- (A--p-A-dm-A-v:-217220).a-sm-cp- h-N-\-n- C-{]-Im-cw- Im-Wmw-:-

""\-_n-tb,- \o- \-- Im-cy-n-epw- G-s-Sp-I-tbm,- A-Xn-s\]n- Jp-B-\n-\n-v- h--Xpw- Hm-Xn-t-]n-p-I-tbm,- \nG-sX-n-epw- {]-h-\
-
- n- G-s-Sp-It- bm- sN-p-p-sh-n\n--f-Xn- ap-gp-Ip-- k-a-b-v- \n--fp-sS- ta- km-n-bm-bn\mw- D-m-Im-Xn-cn-p-I-bn-....''- (bq-\p-kv-:-61).-

""D-a-()- ]-db
- p-
- p-:- ""H-cn-
- - \-_n-()-bp-sS- A-Sp-v- C-cnptm- \-- sh-- \n-d-n-ep-- h-kv-{Xw- [-cn-,- X-e-ap-Sn- \-
t]m-se- I-dp-- H-cm- R-f
- p-sS- A-Sp-t-v- I-S
- p-h
- p.- bm{Xbp-sS- H-cp- A-S-bm-f-hpw- A-bm-fn- Im-W-s-Sp-n--;- R--fnH-cm-fpw-X-s- A-bm-sf- A-dn-bp-I-bp-an-.- A--s\- A-b- \-_n
()-bp-sS- A-Sp-v- h-n-cp-p- \-_n-()-bp-sS- Im-ap-p-I-tfm-SvA-bm-fp-sS- c-v- Im-ap-p-I-fpw- tN-p-sh-p.- A-bm-fp-sS- cv-

38

39

ssI-S-
- f
- pw- \-_n-()-bp-sS- c-v- Im-Xp-Sb
- n-epw- sh-p.- FnvA-bm- ]-d-p-:- ""ap-l--tZ-!- C-kv-em-an-s\-p-dn-v- F-\n-v- ]-dv- X-cn-I''.- A-tm- \-_n-()- ]-d
p-Xp-S
- n-:- (C-ke
v- mw- Fm
)- "A-m-lp-h-m-sX- B-cm-[-\--l-\n-s-pw- ap-l--Zv-()A-m-lp-hn-s- Zq-X\
- m-sW-pw- \o- km-yw- h-ln-p-I;- - \o- \akvIm-cw- ap-d-t]m-se- \n-h-ln-p-I,- k-Im-Xv- sIm-Sp-p-I,- d-a-Zm-\n{h-Xw- A-\p-jv-Tn-p-I,- \n-\-v- km-[n-m- \o- I-Av-_-n-t]m-bn- l-Pv- sN-p-I''- F-o- Im-cy--fm-Wv.A-tm- A-bm- ]-d
p-:- ""Xm-- k-Xyw- ]-d
n-cn-pp''.C-bm-fp-sS- tNm-Zy-hpw- d-kq-en-s- a-dp-]-Sn-bpw- Xp-S-p-- A-bmfpsS- k-Xy-s-Sp--ep-sa-mw- I-v- R-- A-Xn-i-bn-p-t]m-bn.]n-o-Sv- A-bm- tNm-Zn-p-:- ""F-\n-v- Cu-am-\n-s\-]-n- ]-d-p-Xcn-I''.- A-tm- \-_n-()- ]-d-p-:- (Cu-am- F-m)- "\o- Amlp-hn- hn-iz-kn-p-I;- - A-hs
- - a-e
- p-If
- n- hn-iz-kn-p-I;- - Ahs- th-Z-{K-\v-Y--fn- hn-iz-kn-p-I-;- A-h-s- Zq-X-m-cn- hnizkn-p-I-;- A-y-Zn-\-n- hn-iz-kn-p-I-;- hn-[n-bn- hn-iz-kn-pI-;- A-Xm-b-Xv- \--bpw- X-n--bpw- A-m-lp-hn- \n-m-sW-v- hnizkn-p-I- F-o- Im-cy--fm-Wv''-.- ]n-o-Sv- A-bm- ]-d-p-:- ""F\nv- "C-lv-km-\ns\-'-Ip-dn-v- ]-d-p-X-m-epw''-.- A-tm- \-_n()]-d
p-:- ""(C-lvk
- m- F-m- \o- A-m-lp-hn-\v- C-_m-Z
- v- sNem-Wv;- \-o- A-h-s\- Im-Wp-p-s--t]m-se-;- \o- A-h-s\- ImWpn-s-n-epw- A-h- \n-s- Im-Wp--p-v''.]n-o-Sv- A-bm- tNm-Zn--Xv- A-y-k-a-b-s- Ip-dn-m-bn-cp-p.A-tm- \-_n-()- ]-d
p-:- A-Xn-s\-p- d
- n-v- tNm-Zy-I-m-hns\m- Iq-Sp-Xe
- m-bn- tNm-Zn-s
- -Sp-- hy-IvX
- n-v- bm-sXm-cp- Adnhpan-.''-- A-tm- A-bm- ]-d
p-:- ""F-n- A-Xn-s- Nn-e- ASbmf-sf-n-epw- ]-d
p-Xc
- n-I'-'.- A-tm- \-_n-()- ]-d
p-:- ""ASnakv-{Xo- A-h-fp-sS- b-P-am-\- kv-{Xo-sb- {]-k-hn-p-I.- th--{X- hkv{X-an-m--h-cpw- ]m-Z-c--I-fn-m--h-cpw- Z-cn-{Z-cpw- B-n-S-b-mcpam-b- B-fp-I- h-en-b- sI-n-S-fp-m-p-n- ]-c-kv-]-cw- a-Xvkcn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I- F-n-h-bm-Wv- A-y-k-a-bw- A-S-p-p-h-cpXn-s- A-S-bm-f-....''.D-a-()- ]-d-bp-p-:- ti-jw- A-bm- kv-Y-ew- hn-p.- A-]-t\cw-

R-- A-hn-sS-Xs
- - X-n.- A-tm- \-_n-()- tNm-Zn-p-:- ""Datd!B- tNm-Zy-I-m-hv- B-cm-bn-cp-p-sh-v- \n---dn-bp-tam?- R- ]-d-p-:- ""A-m-lp-hpw- A-h-s- d-kq-ep-am-Wv- G--hpw- Adnbp--h'-'.- A-tm- \-_n-()- ]-d-p-:- ""A-Xv- Pn-_v-co- ()F-- a-e-m-bn-cp-p-;- \n--v- \n-p-sS- Zo-\n-s- Im-cy-]-Tn-n-m-\m-Wv- A-t-lw- \n-f
- p-sS- A-Sp-- h-X
- v''- (ap-kvenwIn-Xm-_p- Cu-am- 1).)ap-l--Zv-\-_n- (
ap-l--Zv- \-_n-()-sb- a-\-n-em-p-I- F--Xm-Wv- aq-m-a-sIm-cyw.- C-_vd
- m- l
- nw- \-_n-()-bp-sS- a-I\
- pw- {]-hm-NI
- \
- p-am-bncpC-kva
- m-Cu- \-_n()-bp-sS- k-m-\- ]-c
- c
- b
- n-s]-- A-d_
- nIfn-se- Jp-ssd-io- tKm-{X-n-se- lm-inw- Ip-Spw-_-n- A-_v-Zpap-Xz-en-_n-s- a-I- A-_v-Zp--bp-sS- a-I-\m-bn-m-Wv- ap-l--Zv-()P-\n--Xv.A-t-lw- 63 h-b-kp-h-sc- Po-hn-p.- A-Xn- 40 h-jw- \-p-_p-n- ({]-hm-N-I-Xz-n)\v- ap-pw- A-Xn-\p-ti-jw- 23 h-jw- \-_nbpw- d-kq-epw- B-bn- \n-tbm-Kn-s
- -t- i-jh
- p-am-Wv- Po-hn-X
- v.- "CJvd-Av- _n-kv-an'- F-v- Xp-S-p-- Jp-B- h-N-\-tm-sS- A-tln-\v- \p-_p-
- pw- ({]-hm-NI
- X
- zw)- "bm- A-p-l- ap-Y
- n'- FvXp-S-p-- (hn.-Jp.- 74mw- A-[ym-b-n-se)- B-Zy- h-N-\--tfmsS"cn-km-e
- pw'- ({]-t_-m[
- \
- - Zu-Xy-_m-[y-Xb
- pw)- e-`n-p.- a-b
- mWvA-t-l-n-s- P--tZ-iw.- in-n-s\--p-dn-v- Xm-o-Xv- \-Iphm\pw- Xu-lo-Zn-te-v- -Wn-p-hm-\p-am-Wv- A-m-lp- A-t-l-s\n-tbm-Kn--Xv.- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

""tl-!- ]p-X-v- aq-Sn-b-h-t\,- F-gp-tp- (P-\--sf)- Xm-o-XpsN-p-I.- \n-s- c-n-Xm-hn-s\- a-l-Xz-s-Sp-p-I-bpw- \n-s- hkv-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

40

{X-- ip-n-bm-p-I-bpw- ]m-]w- sh-Sn-bp-I-bpw- sN-p-I.- IqSpX

- t\-w- sIm-Xn-p-sIm-v- \o- Hu-Zm-cyw- sN-cp-Xv. \n-s- c-n
Xm-hn-\p- th-n- \o- -a- ssI-sm-p-I''- (A ap--Yn-:-17)."Jpw- ^- A-Zn'- (F-gp-t-v- Xm-o-Xv- sN-p-I- F-v- ]-dXv"in-n'-s-Xn-cn- Xm-o-Xv- sN-p-hm-\m-Wv.- F-n-v- P-\--sfXu-lo-Zn-te-v- -Wn-pI-.- "h-d
- I
- - ^- I-n'- (\n-s- c-nXmhn-s\- a-l-Xz-s-Sp-p-I)- F-v- ]-d--Xpw- "X-u-lo-Zp-sIm-val-Xz-s-Sp-p-I- F-- A--n-em-Wv.- "h-Yn-bm-_-I- ^-Xzlvln'- (\n-s- h-k-v{X-- ipn-bm-p-I)- F-v- ]-d--Xn-sA-w- "\n-s- I-a
- - in-n-\n-v- ip-a
- m-p-I'- F-mWv."h-dp-Pv-k- ^-lvPp'- (\o- ]m-]-s- sh-Sn-bp-I)- F-v- ]-d--Xv"hn-{K-l--sf-bpw- A-Xn-s- h-Iv-Xm--sf-bpw- sh-Sn-bp-I'- F-A--n-em-Wv.]-p-h-j
- m-ew- C-{]-Im-cw- \-_n()- P-\
- s
- f- Xu-lo-Zntev- -Wn-p-sIm-n-cp-p.- ]-p-h-jn-\p-ti-jw- A-m-lpA-t-l-s- B-Im-im-tcm-l-Ww- sN-n-p.- A-hn-sS-h-v- A-pt\-c-s- \-a-kv-Im-cw- \n-_-\-v[-am--s-p.- aq-v- sIm-w- A-t
lw- a--bn-sh-v- \-a-kv-Im-cw- \n-h-ln-p.- A-Xn-\p-ti-jw- a-Zo\-bn-te-v- ]-e-bm-\w- (l-n-Pv-d)- sN-m- I--]n--s-p.- ln-Pv-dsN-p-I- F-m- in-n-s- \m-n-\n-v- C-kv-em-an-s- (X-uloZn-s)- \m-n-te-v- am-dn- Xm-ak
- n-p-I- F-m-Wp-t-iyw.- Cu- "lnPvd'ap-kv-enw- k-ap-Zm-b-n-\v- A-y-\m-h-sc- \n-e-\n-p-- \n_\v-[- _-m-[y-X-b-s{X.- C-Xn-\p-- sX-fn-hv- A-m-lp-hn-s- h-N-\wX-s-bm-Wv-.- A-Xv- C-{]-Imc-amWv-:-

41

""(A-hn-i-zm-kn-I-fp-sS- C-S-bn-X-s- Po-hn-p-sIm-v)- kz

tm-Sv- A-\ym-bw- sN-bv-X-h-sc- a-cn-n-p-tm a-e-p-I- Ahtcm-Sv- tNm-Zn-pw-:- \n--sf-s-m-cp \n-e-]m-Sn-em-bn-cp-p?- A-h]-d-bpw-:- R-- \m-n- A-Sn-sm-Xp--s--h-cm-bn-cp-p.- A-h(a-e-p-I)- tNm-Zn-pw-:- A-m-lp-hns- `q-an- hn-im-e-am-bn-cp-nt?- \n---v kz-tZ-iw- hn-v- A-Xn- F-hn-sS-sb-nepw- t]m-Imam-bn-cp-t- m.- F-m- A-c
-
- m-cp-sS- hm-k
- e
- w- \-cI
- a
- s{X.A-sX-{X- No-- k-t-Xw-!- F-m- bm-sX-m-cp-]m-b-hpw- kzo-I-cnm- I-gn-hn-m-sX-,- H-cp- c-m-am--hpw- I-s-m-\m-Im-sXA-Sn-sm-Xp--s--h-cm-bn- I-gn-bp-- ]p-cp-j-m-cpw- kv-{Xo-I-fpwIp-n-I-fpw- C-Xn-\n-s-m-gn-hm-Ip-p. A--c-Im-v A-m-lpamv- \-In-tb-mw.- A-m-lp- A-Xy-[n-Iw- am-v- \-Ip--h-\pwGsd- s]m-dp-p--h-\m-Ip-p-''- (A-n-kmA-v- 9799).a-sm-cp- kq-Iv-X-n- C--s\- Im-Wmw-:-

""hn-iz-kn--h-cm-b- F-s- Zm-k-m-tc-;- Xo--bm-bpw- F-s- `qanhn-im-e-am-Ip-p.- A-Xn-\m- F-s- am-{Xw- \n-- B-cm-[n-phn''- (A- A--I-_q-Xv-56).C-amw- _-Kvh
- n- ( )- ]-db
- p-p-:- ""(a-Zo-\m-bn-te-v)- ln-Pvd
- - t]mhmXn-cp-- a--bn-se- ap-kv-enw-I-sf- Ip-dn-m-Wv- Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- A-hX-cn-Xv.- A-m-lp- A-h-sc- "hn-iz-kn--h-tc'- F-m-Wv- A-`n-kwt_m-[-\- sN-bv-X-Xv''.C-\n,- ln-Pv-d-v- \-_n- h-N-\--fn-ep-- sX-fn-hv- {i-n-p-I.\-_n-()- ]-d-p-:-

42

43

""Xu-_-m-bp-sS- (]-iv-Nm--]-n-s)- k-a-bw- A-h-km-\n-pXp-h-sc- "ln-Pv-d'-bp-sS- ka-b-hpw- A-h-km-\n-pI-bn-.- kq-cyA-Xn-s- A-kvX

- a
- b
- k
- vY
- m-\
- p-\n-pw- D-Zn-p-X
- p-hs
- c- (A-YhmA-y-k-a-bw-h-sc)- "Xu-_'-bp-sS- k-a-bw- A-h-km-\n-p-I-bn-''.\-_n-()- a-Zo-\-bn- kv-Yn-c- Xm-a-k-am-n-b- ti-j-am-Wv- kImXv,- t\m--v,- l--v,- _m-v-hn-fn,- [-a-k-a-cw- (Pn-lm-Zv)-,- \-- I]n,- Xn-- hn-tcm-[n-- ap-Xm-em-b-- C-kve
- m-an-s- a-v- \n-ba
- \
- ntZi-- \-S-n-em-m- I-]-\-bp-m-b-Xv.- C-{]-Im-cw- \-_n-()a-Zo-\b
- n- ]-p-sIm-w- I-gn-p-Iq-n.- A-s
- \- \-_n-()- sImph-- Cu- a-Xw- C-hn-sS- \n-e\
- n-s-Xs
- - A-hn-Sp-v- h-^m-mbn.Cu- k-ap-Zm-b-n-\v- Kp-W-I-c-am-b- H-cp- Im-cy-hpw- \-_n()k-ap-Zm-bs
- - A-dn-bn-m-Xn-cn-p-It- bm- tZm-jI
- c
- a
- m-b- h-X
- ns\Ip-dn-pw- ap-d
- n-bn-v- \-Im-Xn-cn-p-It- bm- sN-bvX
- n-n-.- \-_n()k-ap-Zm-b
- n-\v- A-dn-bn-p-X
- - Im-cy-f
- n- G-h
- pw- D-a
- a
- mbXvXu-lo-Zpw- A-m-lp- C-jv-S-s-Sp--Xpw- A-h-\v- Xr-]v-Xn-I-c-hp-ambIm-cy-f
- p-as
- {X.- A-Xp-t]m-se- \-_n-()- k-ap-Zm-b
- n-\v- ap-dnbnv- \-In-b- Im-cy-f
- n- G-h
- pw- tZm-jI
- c
- a
- m-bX
- v- in-pw.- Amlp- sh-dp-p-I-bpw- F-Xn-p-I-bpw- sN-p-- Im-cy--fp-a-s{X.\-_n-()-sb- A-m-lp- ap-gp-h- P-\--fn-te-pam-bn- \n-tbmKnp-I-bpw- Pn-p-I-pw- a-\p-jy-pw- A-t-l-s- A-\p-k-cn- \n-_-\v-[-am-p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- A-Xn-\p-- sX-fn-hv- A-mlp-hn-s- h-N-\w- X-s-bm-Wv- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""C-v- Rm- \n--v- \n-f

- p-sS- a-Xw- ]q-n-bm-n-X
- ncpp-p.- F-s- A-\p-{K-lw- \n--v- Rm- \n-d-th-n--cn-IbpwsN-bv-Xn-cn-p-p.- a-X-am-bn- C-k-vem-an-s\- Rm- \n--v- Xr-]vXn-s]-p-X-n-cn-p-p.-...'-'- (A am-C-Z-:-3).\-_n-()- a-cn-p-sa-X
- n-s- sX-fn-hv- Xm-sg- ]-db
- p-- Jp-Bh-N-\-am-Wv.-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

""Xo-b
- m- b
- pw- \o- a-cn-p-h\
- m-Ip-p.- A-hc
- pw- a-cn-p-hcmIpp.- ]n-o-S-v \n-- D-b-s-gp-t-]n-s- \m-fn- \n-fpsS cnXm-hn-s- A-Sp--sh--v h-g
- p-Iq-Sp-p-Xm-W'v- '- (A-p- a
- :30,31).a-c-W-s--h-sc-mw- ]p-\-cp-m-\-n-\v- hn-t[-b-cm-Ip--Xm-Wv.A-Xn-\p--sX-fn-hp-I- C-h-bm-Wv-:A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""A-Xn- (`q-an-bn-)-\n-m-Wv- \n--sf \mw- kr-jv-Sn--Xv-.- AXnte-v- X-s- \n--sf- \mw- a-S-p-p.- A-Xn- \n-p- X-s- asmcp- {]m-h-iyw- \n--sf- \mw- ]p-d-p-sIm-p-c-hn-I-bpw- sN-pw-''(Xz-m-l-:-55).a-sm-cn-S-v- A-m-lp-hn-s- h-N-\-an-Xm-:-

""]-d-bp-I-!- a-\p-jy-tc-,- Xo--bm-bpw- Rm- \n--fn-te-s-m-ap-- A-m-lp-hn-s Zq-X-\m-Ip-p....-''- (A A-Av-dm-^v-:158).\-_n-()-sb-sm-m-Wv- A-m-lp- Cu- Zo-\n-s\- ]q-o-I-cnn-p--Xv.- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:""A-m-lp- \n--sf- `q-an-bn-\n-v- H-cp- ap-f-n-- ap-f-nncn-p-p.- ]n-s- A-Xn- X-s- \n--sf- A-h- a-S-p-I-bpw\n--sf- H-cn-- A-h- ]p-d-v- sIm-p-h-cn-I-bpw- sN-p-XmWv'-'- (\q-lv-:17,-18).-

44

45

]p-\-cp-m-\-n-\p-ti-jw- A-h- hn-Nm-c-W-v- hn-t[-b-cmhp-Xpw- A-h-c-h-cp-sS- I-a--fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-n- {]-Xn-^-ew\-Is-Sp--Xp-am-Wv.- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp--Xv- t\m-q-:-

am-b- Zq-X
- m-cm-bn-cp-p- A-h.- B- Zq-X
- m-
- v- ti-jw- P-\
- vA-m-lp-hn-s\-Xn-cn- H-cp- \ym-bh
- pw- C-m-Xn- c
- n-m- th-n-bmWXv.- A-m-lp- {]-Xm-]n-bpw- bp-Iv-Xn-am-\p-am-Ip-p''- (A--n-km-Dv-:165).A-h-cn- B-Zy-s-bm- \q-lv-\-_n-(-)-bpw- A-h-km-\-sbm- ap-l--Zv- \-_n()-bp-am-Wv.- ap-l--Zv- \-_n-()- "Jm-X-ap-_n-o'- (\-_n-am-cn- A-n-a)- B-Ip-p.- \q-lv- \-_n-()-bm
Wv- {]-Ya
- - Zq-X- (A-e
- p-dk
- q)- F-X
- n-s- sX-fn-hv- Xm-sg- ]dbp-- h-N-\-am-Wv-:-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

""A-m-lp-hn-\p--Xm-Wv- B-Im-i--fn-ep--Xpw-- `q-an-bn-ep-Xpw.- Xn-- {]-h-n-h

- -v- A-h- sN-bX
- X
- n-\\
- p-kc
- n-v- {]-Xn^ew- \-Ip-hm- th-n-b-s{X- A-Xv.- \-- {]-h-n--h-v- G-hpw- \-- {]-Xn^-ew- \-Ip-hm- th-n-bpw-''- (A--Pv-av-:31).]p-\c
- p-m-\s
- - \n-tj-[n-p-h
- - k-Xy-\n- t- j-[n-bm-Wv- (Im^n-dm-Wv).- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""X--- D-b-s-gp-t-]n--s-Sp-I-bn-s-v B- A-hn-izmkn-I- P-]n-p.- (\-_n-tb)- ]-db

- p-I:- - A-sX- F-s- c-n-Xm- hns\X-s-bm-W,- \n-- D-b-s-gp-t-]n-s
- -Spw-.- ]n-o-Sv- \n
- {]-h-n--Xn-s\--n- \n--v- hn-h-c-a-dn-bn--s--Sp-I-bpwsN-pw.- A-Xv- A-m-lp-sh- kw-_-n-n-S-tm-fw- F-fp--ap-Xm-Ip-p''- (A--Km-_p-:-7).ap--dn-bn-v- \-Ip--h-cpw- k-tm-j-hm-- A-dn-bn-p-hcp-am-bn-m-Wv- A-m-lp- F-m- Zq-X-m-scb-pw- \n-tbm-Kn--Xv.- Am
lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""\-_n-tb,- \q-ln-\pw- A-t-l-n-\v- ti-j-ap-- {]-hm-N-I-mpw- \mw- k-t-iw- (h-lv-bv)- \-In-b-Xp-t]m-se- X-s- \n-\pw\mw- k-t-iw- \-In-bn-cn-p-p''- (A--n-km-Dv-:-163)."Xzm-Kq-Xn'-\p-- C-_m-Z-n-s\- hn-tcm-[n-p--h-cpw- A-mlphn-s\- am-{Xw- B-cm-[n-m- I-]n-p--h-cp-am-bn- F-m- P-\-Xbn-te-pw- A-m-lp- Zq-X-m-sc-\q-lv- \-_n-()- ap-X- ap-l-Zv\-_n()-h-sc-bp--h-sc- \n-tbm-Kn-n-p-v.- A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""Xo--bm-bpw- Hm-tcm- k-ap-Zm-b-n-epw \mw- Zq-X-s\- \n-tbmKnn-p--v.- \n--- A-m-lp-sh- B-cm-[n-p-I-bpw-,- Zp-aq-n-Isfsh-Sn-bp-I-bpw- sN--Ww-.... (F-v- {]-t_-m-[-\w sN-p--Xn-\p-thn)'' (A--lv-:- 36).(A-{]-Im-cw)- A-m-lp-hn- hn-iz-kn-p-I-;- Xzm-Kq-Xn-s\- \ntj[n-p-I- F--Xm-Wv- A-m-lp- X-s- A-Sn-a-I-s-w- \n--_-\v[-am-n-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.C-_-v\p- J-nw-(

""k-tm-jh
- m-- A-dn-bn-p-h
- c
- pw,- Xm-o-Xv- \-Ip-h
- cp-

)- ]-d-bp-p-:-

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

46

47
_-ea
- p-- H-cp- I-bd
- n-em- Ip-p.- A-Xv- s]m-n-tm-Ip-It- b- C-.- Amlp- (F-m-w)- tI-p-h
- \
- pw- A-dn-bp-h
- \
- m-Ip-p-''- (A- _Jd:-256).em- C-em-l- C--mlp- F--Xn-s- B-i-b-hpw- C-X-pXs-bmWv.- H-cp- l-Zo-kn- C{]-Im-cw- h-n-p-v-:-

""H-cp- A-Sn-a- X-s- ]-cn-[n- ewLn-p-sIm-v- G-sXm-n-s\- Bcm[y-\m-tbm- ]n-p-S-c-s-Sp-h-\m-tbm- A-\p-k-cn--s-Sp--h-\mtbm- I-cp-Xp-p-thm- A-Xv- Xzm-Kq-Xm-Wv''.- Xzm-Kq-Xp-I- [m-cm-f-apv.- A-h-bp-sS- t\-Xm-- Av- hn-`m-K-am-Wv.1.- i-]n--s-- C-_v-eo-kv-.2.- X-s- C-jv-S-tm-sS- B-cm-[n--s-Sp--h-.3.- X-s- B-cm-[n-m- th-n- P-\--sf- -Wn-p--h-.4.- A-Zr-iy-Pv-Rm-\-ap-s--v hm-Zn--h-.5.- A-m-lp- A-h-X-cn-n--X-m--Xp-sIm-v- hn-[n-p--h.(1)ta-]
- d
-
X
- n-\p-- sX-fn-hv- A-m-lp-hn-s- h-N\
- a
- m-Wv. Amlp- ]-d-bp-p-:-

""Cu- a-X-n-s- in-c-v- C-kv-emw- (A-Y-hm- k-a--Ww)- BIpp-;- \-ak

- vI
- m-cw- A-Xn-s- Xq-Wm-Ip-p-;- A-Xn-s- D-b-p-\np- `m-Kw- A-m-l-p-hn-s- am-K-n-se- [-a-k-a-c-hp-am-Ip-p''- (Xz_v-dm-\n X-s- ap-Av-Pap- I-_o-dn- D--cn--Xv)(1)-- -.Iq-Sp-X- A-dn-bp--h- A-m-lp-h-s{X.- ap-l--Zv- \-_-n-()bnepw- A-hn-Sp-s- Ip-Spw-_m-Zn-I-fn-epw- A-\p-N-c-m-cn-epw- A-mlphn-s- c--bpw- k-am-[m-\-hpw- h-jn--s.Bao.-

*****

""a-X-n-s- Im-cy-n- _-e-{]-tbm-K-ta- C-.- k-m-Kw- Zp

am-K-n-\n-v- hy-Iv-X-am-bn- th-Xn-cn-p- I-gn-n-cn-p-p.B-I-bm- G-sXm-cm- Zp-aq-n-I-sf- A-hn-iz-kn-p-I-bpw- Am-lp-hn- hniz-kn-p-I-bpw- sN-p--thm- A-h- ]n-Sn-n-p-Xv1.- A-m-lp-hn-s- Zo-\n- A-\p-a-Xn-bp-- tI-he- `u-Xn-I-\n-b-a--f-- D-tiyw.{]-Xyp-X,- a-X-\n-b-a--fm-Wv- hn-h-.-

1.- Cu- dn-tm-v- Zp-_-e-am-sW-v- A-m-am- A-_m-\n- X-s- "Z-Cu^pPman--Ko-dn- tc-J-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v.- (\--:- 3077).

aq-v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-

48

"Xzm-Kq-v-'- H-cp- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww"X-z-m-Kq-n'-s\- "]n-im-Nv' F-m-Wv- c-mw J-eo-^- D-a-()Xp-S-n-b- ]-e- a-lm-m-cpw- \n-h-Nn-n-p--Xv.- "Ym-Kq-n'-s- Ghpw- \--Xpw- i-cn-bpw- kzo-Im-cy-tbm-Ky-hp-am-b- \n-h-N-\-hpw- CXpX-s-bm-Ip-p.- k-pk
-
- X
- c
- m-b- an-- ap-^k
- k
v- n-dp-If
- pw- (JpBhym-Jym-Xm--fpw)- C-Xn-\v- H-m-a-Xm-bn- D--cn-n-p-- X-^v-kodpw(hym-Jym-\-hpw)- C-Xv- X-s-bm-Wv.- kp-{]-kn-- Jp-B- hymJymXm-hm-b- C-_v-\p- I-ko- Cu- hym-Jym-\-s- C--s\- hn-e-bn-cpp-p-:""Xz-m-Kq-Xv''- F-m- ]n-im-Nm-sW-v- A-t-lw- (D-a-()\Inb- hym-Jym-\w- h-f-sc- _-e-s--Xm-Ip-p.- Im-c-Ww,- hn-{Kl--v- C-_m-Z-v- sN-p-I.- A-h-tbm-Sv- hn-[n- B-h-iy-s-SpI,- k-lm-bw- tX-Sp-I- ap-X-em-b- Pm-ln-en-m- Im-e-p-m-bn-cpk-I-e- "idpw'- (Xn--bpw)- C-Xn- s]-Sp-p''."]-cn-[n- ew-Ln-h
- \
- m-b- I-Sp-- A-Xn-{I-aI
- m-cn'- F--a
- p"Xz-mK
- q-v'- - F-- ]-Zw- A-m-lp-hn-\v- ]p-ds
- a- C-_m-Z
- v- sN-sSp- F-m- a-Av-_q-Zpw- F-- A--n- {]-tbm-Kn--s-Sp-savNn-e- a-lm-m- ]-d-n-p-s-n-epw- A-Xn-s- ]q-W-am-b- hym]Im-w- A-h- D-t-in-n-cn-m-\n-Sb
- n-.- B- a-A_
v- q-Zp-I-v- X
- B-cm-[n-s
- -Sp-X
- n-kw-Xr-]vX
- n-bp-m-bn-cn-W
- s
- a-- Hcp\n-_-\v-[-\-sb-n-epw- A-Xn--h- sh-n-p-m-bn-cn--Ww.- A-m-]-w- ssZ-h-Zq-X-m-cp-sS- Iq--n-se- A-Xn-{]-[m-\n-I-fpw- "Dep
A-kv-an'- s]--h-cp-am-b- C-_v-d-m-lnw- \-_n-(),- Cu-km-\-_n()- Xp-S
- n-bh
- - t]m-epw- "Xz-mK
- q-p'-If
- m-sW-vh
- I
- s
- h-p-sImSp-t-n-h-cpw.

49