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KEY POINTS
Generally width of bridge is divided into number of individual spans. For each span, the load carrying member is simply supported at both ends.. Simply supported bridges should be provided where adjacent spans are unavoidably different in length and depth, or where adjacent spans have widely different geometries with beam layouts that do not lend themselves to continuity, such as varying beam spacing or splayed framing
CONTINUOUS BRIDGES
The bridge supported at three or more points and capable of resisting bending and shearing forces at all sections throughout its length.
KEY POINTS
In continuous bridges spans are continuous over two or more supports. They are statically indeterminate structures. They are useful when uneven settlement of supports does not take place.
BEHAVIOR
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS(CONTINUE)
The Designer shall include a final deck surface elevation table. Elevations shall be shown for all profile grade lines, curb lines, crown lines, and phased construction lines for the full length of the bridge. Bearing points, quarter-span points and midspan points shall be detailed as well as any additional points required to meet a maximum spacing between points of 30'-0" [10 m].
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS(CONTINUE)
Details for simple span reinforced concrete slab bridge superstructures are provided in Standard Bridge Drawing SB-6-94. Details for multi-span reinforced concrete slab bridge superstructures are provided in Standard Bridge Drawing CS-1-93
Seismic analysis is not required for Single span bridges, regardless of seismic zone.
ADVANTAGES (CONTINUE)
As the bearings are placed on the centerline of piers, the reactions at piers are transmitted centrally. It is found that the continuous girder bridge suffers less vibration and deflection. The continuous girder bridge requires only one bearing at each pier as against two bearing for simply supported girder bridge.
ADVANTAGES (CONTINUE)
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ADVANTAGES (CONTINUE)
The depth of decking at mid span is reduced. The expansion joints required will be less. There is reduction in cost as less quantity of concrete and steel are required because of the reduction of mid-span moments
For a composite bridge, in regions of negative moment the deck is considered to be cracked due to the tensile forces at the top of the section), however, that the reinforcing steel in the concrete slab can actually be taken as part of the composite section. This means that the tensile properties of the reinforcing steel can assist in resisting the tension which exists in the top flange of the composite section. This is one of the challenges faced by the designer due to continuous bridges.
DISADVANTAGES (CONTINUE)
Continuous bridges, however, incur greater fabrication costs than their simply supported counterparts, where a simply supported span can be designed and erected relatively quickly. The design of continuous spans is more involved as it is statically indeterminate structure and their construction impacted by the need for customized plate girders, splices, etc. The detailing and placing of reinforcements are to be carried out with extreme care. The placing of concrete and removal of formwork are to be executed carefully in proper sequence. Continuous span bridges are also more susceptible to settlement problems than simply supported bridges
REFRENCES
www.google.com Highway bridge structures Highway engineering hand book AASHTO LRFD Design Specifications 2007
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