By: France Goulard

Brain Injury Association of Canada, 2011

Definition of TBI
TBI is an acquired injury to the brain that is nondegenerative, noncongenial, or induced by birth trauma. It is from an external mechanical force, possibly leading to temporary or permanent impairment of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functions, with an associated diminished or altered state of consciousness.

Havey, 2002

Definition of TBI

Causes of TBI
Infancy through preschool:

Causes of TBI
Preadolescent Children:

Causes of TBI
Adolescents and Young adults:

Glasgow Coma Scale

Mild TBI

Monett & Associates, 2009

Moderate TBI

Monett & Associates, 2009

Severe TBI

Monett & Associates, 2009

Types of TBI

Open TBI

Closed TBI

Closed TBI

Types of Injuries to the Brain Matter

Effects of TBI

Effects of TBI

(Bloom, Nelson & Lazerson, 2001)

Cognitive, academic, and neuropsychological Implications

(Rapp, 1999)

Implications

(Savage & Carter,1998)

(Rapp, 1999)

(DAmato, Rothlisberg & Leu, 1999; Dykeman, 2001).

(DAmato, Rothlisberg & Leu, 1999; Dykeman, 2001).

(DAmato, Rothlisberg & Leu, 1999; Goguen, 2001; Rapp, 1999)

(DAmato, Rothlisberg & Leu, 1999; Goguen, 2001; Rapp, 1999)

(DAmato, Rothlisberg & Leu, 1999; Goguen, 2001; Rapp, 1999)

(DAmato, Rothlisberg & Leu, 1999; Goguen, 2001; Rapp, 1999)

(DAmato, Rothlisberg & Leu, 1999; Goguen, 2001; Rapp, 1999)

(DAmato, Rothlisberg & Leu, 1999; Goguen, 2001; Rapp, 1999)

(Rapp, 1999)

Role of the School Psychologist

(Rapp, 1999)

Formal

(Zinga, Benett, & Good, 2005)

Implied

(Zinga, Benett, & Good, 2005)

Very Limited

(Zinga, Benett, & Good, 2005)

None

(Zinga, Benett, & Good, 2005)

(Anello, 2005)

References
Anello, B. (2005, May 21). ABI facts & info. Brain Injury Association Network. Retrieved from http://dawn.thot.net/brain/facts.htm#factsheet Bennett, S., Dworet, D, & Daigle, R. (2001). Educational provisions for exceptional students in the province of Ontario. Exceptionality Education Canada, 11 (2-3), 99-122. Bloom, F., Nelson, C., & Lazerson, A. (2001). Brain, mind, and behavior. New York: Worth. Brooks, B.M., Rose, F.D., et al.(2003). Support for children following traumatic brain injury. Disability & Rehabilitation, 25,(1), 51-56. Canadian Institute for Health Information (2004). Head injuries in Canada: A decade of change. Analysis in Brief, 1-31 CJEAP (2005). Policy and practice: Acquired brain injury in Canadian educational systems. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, Issue #43. DAmato, R.C., Rothlisberg, B.A., & Leu Work, P.H. (1999). Neuropsychological assessment for intervention. In Reynolds, C.R. & Gutkin, T.B. (Eds.), The handbook of school psychology (3rd ed., pp. 452-475). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dworet, D. & Bennett, S. (2002). A view from the north: Canadian policies and issues in special education. Teaching Exceptional Children, 34(5). 22-27.

References
Dykeman, B. F. (2001). School-based cognitive interventions for children with postconcussional disorder. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 28 (1). Goguen, L. J. (2001). Educational provisions to students with special needs in New Brunswick. Exceptionality Education Canada, 11 (2-3), 131-142. Havey, M.J. (2002). Best practices in working with students with traumatic brain injury. In Thomas, A. & Grimes, J. (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology (pp. 1433-1445). Bethesda, MD: NASP Publications. Monett, C. D. & Associates (2009, May 21). Evaluation of traumatic brain injury cases: The plaintiffs perspective. Retrieved from http://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=6664 Rapp, D.L. (1999). Interventions for integrating children with traumatic brain injuries into their schools. In Reynolds, C.R. & Gutkin, T.B. (Eds.), The handbook of school psychology (3rd ed., pp. 863-884). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Yeates, K., Ris, D., & Taylor, G. (2000). Pediatric Neuropsychology. New York: Guilford. Zinga, D., Benett, S., & Good, D. (2005). Policy and practice: Acquired brain injury in Canadian educational systems. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, Issue #43.