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LABOURLAWINTHEU.A.E.
Company/CommercialLaws
LABOURLAWINTRODUCTION
FederalLawNo.8of1980regulatinglabourrelationsasamendedbyFederalLawsNos.24of1981,15of1985and12of1986(the"Law").
1.Towhomdoesthelawapply?
AccordingtoArticle3oftheLaw,theLawappliestoallstaffandemployeesworkingintheUnitedArabEmirates,whetherUAEnationalorexpatriate. Howevercertaincategoriesareexemptedfromitsapplicability:
1. Staffandworkersemployedbythefederalgovernment,governmentdepartmentsofthememberemirates,themunicipalities,publicbodies,federal
andlocalpublicinstitutionsandthosestaffandworkersemployedinfederalandlocalgovernmentalprojectsareexempt.
2.Whataspectsoftheemployeremployeerelationshipdoesthelawdealwith?
Thelawcoversallaspectsofemployeeemployerrelationships(Chapter12).Itgovernsallaspectsofemploymentcontracts,restrictionsontheemployment ofjuvenilesandwomen,maintenanceofrecordsandfiles,wages,workinghours,leave,safetyandprotectionofemployees,medicalandsocialcare,codes ofdiscipline,terminationofemploymentcontracts,endofservicebenefits,compensationforoccupationaldiseases,labourinspections,penaltiesand employmentrelatedaccidents,injuriesandfatalities.
II.LABOURAPPLICATION 1.BywhomistheLawenforced?
TheLawisafederallegislationapplicabletoalltheemiratesofthefederation.ItisenforcedbytheMinistryofLabourandSocialAffair(the"Ministry"). LabourrelatedlitigationsareadjudicatedbythefederalandlocalcourtsoftheUAE.
2.Whatistheprimaryprerequisiteforemployment?
AnapplicationmustbemadetotheMinistryofLabourtoemployanyexpatriateemployeeintheUAE.TheapplicationistobeapprovedbytheMinistryof LabourbeforetheemployeeenterstheUAE.Employmentpermitsarevalidforthreeyearssubjecttorenewalsforsimilarperiods. Inthecaseofnationalemployees,anemploymentcontractmaybeenteredintoatanytime.Employmentcontractsfornonnationalsmustbedrawninthe formatapprovedbytheMinistryofLabouronanapplicationmadebytheemployer.Employmentcontractsfornationalemployeesneednot,however,bein writingandthetermsandconditionsofemploymentmaybeprovedbyanymeansofproofadmissiblebylaw.Alabourpermitforanexpatriateemployeewill notbeissuedbytheMinistryofLabourunlessaformalwrittenlabourcontractisfiledwiththeMinistry.
III.EMPLOYMENTCONTRACT 1.Whatarethepermittedtenuresofemploymentcontracts?
Twotypesofemploymentcontractsarepermissible:Limitedemploymentcontractswhicharecontractsforaspecifieddurationwithspecific commencementandcompletiondates,andunlimitedcontractsbywhichtheemployeewillcontinuetoworkfortheemployerfromaspecificdatetillsuch timeastheemploymentcontractisterminatedbyeitherpartyaftergivingpriornotice.
2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenalimitedandanunlimitedemploymentcontract?
Alimitedcontracthasthefollowingcharacteristics:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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3.Whatinformationshouldbestatedinanemploymentcontract?
Theonlyinformationrequiredbylawtobespecifiedintheemploymentcontractisasfollows:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
IV.PROBATIONPERIOD 1.Whatisstipulationsregardingtheprobationperiod?
Duringtheprobationperiodeithertheemployerortheemployeemayterminatetheemploymentcontractwithimmediateeffectwithouttheemployeebeing liabletopayendofservicegratuityortheemployee,compensationfordamages.AccordingtoArticle37oftheLaw,theprobationperiodcanbefora maximumperiodofsixmonths.Itisnotpermissibleforthesameemployertoemployanypersononprobation,morethanonce.
2.Istheperiodofprobationincludedforthepurposesofcalculationofgratuityandotherterminalbenefits?
Theprobationperiod,oncecompleted,willbeconsideredasemploymentwiththeemployer.Itwillbetakenintoaccountincalculatinggratuityandother terminalbenefits.
3.Areemployersliabletopayrepatriationandotherbenefitsforprobationarytermination?
Allwagesandbenefitsoccurringduringtheprobationperiodmustbepaidalongwiththerepatriationcostsunlesstheterminationoftheemploymentcontract hadbeenatthebehestoftheemployee.Theemployerishowevernotrequiredtopayendofservicegratuityorcompensationinlieuofnoticeordamages shouldtheemploymentcontractbeterminatedwithoutnotice(duringtheprobationaryperiod).
4.Cantheprobationaryperiodbewaived?
Thepartiestothecontractmayagreetocommencetheemploymentwithoutprobation.Probationisnotcompulsory.Furtheritislefttothediscretionofthe partiestoagreeupontheactualtermoftheprobationaryperiodsubjecttoamaximumofsixmonths.
V.PAYMENTOFWAGES 1.WhatconstituteswageaccordingtotheLaw?
WagesaccordingtotheLaw,hasbeendefinedasfollows: "Remunerationpaidtotheemployeeinreturnforhisservicesunderalabourcontract,whetherincashorinkindannually,monthly,weekly,daily,hourly,on apiecerate,productivitylinked."Wage"includecostoflivingallowances,incentivesinrecognitionofhonestyorefficiency,providedthattheseincentives havebeenspecifiedinthelabourcontractorintheestablishment'sinternalrulesandregulations,havebecomecustomaryoriftheemployeesofthat establishmenthavecometoregardsuchincentivesaspartofthewagesasopposedtoadonation.
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2.Whatisthedifferencebetween"Wages"and"BasicWage"?
"BasicWage"isthewagespecifiedinthelabourcontractandasagreedbetweenthepartiesforthetermofthecontract.Allowancesofwhatevernatureare notincludedinthebasicwage.Therefore,accommodation,housing,transportandtravelallowanceswillnotbeincludedinthebasicwage. Basicwageissignificantinthecalculationofendofservicegratuity,whichisdeterminedonthebasisofthelastdrawnbasicwageandnotonthebasisof thetotalwage.Allowanceswillnotformpartofthebasisforthiscalculation.
3.DoestheLawprescribeaminimumwage?
NominimumwagehasbeenprescribedundertheUAELabourLaw.However,anemployeewithamonthlysalaryoflessthanDhs.4,000.00willnotbeable tosponsoraresidentvisaforhisspouse.Thisisalabourregulationanddoesnotformpartthelabourlaw.
4.Howarewagestobepaid?
Wagesmaybepaidonamonthly,weekly,oronadailybasis.Thepartiesmaymutuallyagreeonthemannerinwhichwageswouldbepaidorremitted.It maybepaidintheUAEorelsewhere.
5.Inwhatcurrencyarewagestobepaid?
Wagesmaybepaidinanycurrency,inUAEDirhamsoranyothercurrency.Thepartiesmayagreeontheactualcurrency.NeithertheLabourlawnorany otherlawoftheUnitedArabEmiratesrestrictsrepatriationortransferofmonies.
6.Doesthelawrequireevidenceofpaymentofwages?
Inthecaseofanydispute,theemployerwouldberequiredtoprovethattheemployeehadbeenpaidhiswagesalongwithsuchallowancesasapplicable. Suchevidencemustbeinwriting.However,theemployeecanprovenonpaymentofwagesbyanymeansstatedinthelawofevidence.Itisnecessarythat theemployermaintainsadequaterecordandbooksrecordingpaymentofwagesandallowances.
VI.EMPLOYMENTOFJUVENILES 1.Doesthelawrestricttheemploymentofanycategoryofpersons?
1.EmploymentofJuveniles(ofeithersex)undertheageof15isprohibited.Beforeemployingajuvenile,employersmustretaincopiesshallobtainfromhim thefollowingdocumentsintheJuvenile'spersonalfile:
VII.WORKINGHOURS 1.Whataretheprescribedworkinghours?
Themaximumprescribedworkinghoursforanadultemployeeiseighthoursdailyorfortyeighthoursperweek.However,theworkinghoursmaybe increasedtoninehoursperdayinthecaseofpersonsemployedintrades,hotels,cafeterias,guards.
2.Wouldtravellingtoandfromworkbeincludedinworkinghours?
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No,thetimetravellingtoandfromworkisnotincludedinworkinghours.
3.Arebreaksincludedduringworkinghours?
Theemployeemaynotworkformorethan5consecutivehoursperdaywithoutbreaksforrest,foodandprayer.However,therestingandthefoodwillnot beincludedincalculatingtheworkinghours.Inthecaseoffactorieswherepeopleworkdayandnight,shiftsorjobswherefortechnicalandeconomical reasons,continuanceattendanceisrequired,theministersshallspecifythemannerinwhichtheemployeemaytakeintervalsforrest,prayerandmeals.
4.Inwhatsituationsdoesovertimeexist,andonwhatbasisisitcalculated?
Ifthenatureofthejobrequiresovertime,theemployeeshallbepaidovertimeandthepaymentshallbeequivalenttothewagepaidfortheordinaryworking hoursplusanincreaseofnotlessthan25%ofhiswagefortheovertimeperiod.However,iftheemployee'sovertimefallbetweenthehours9.00p.m.to 4.00p.m.theemployeewillbeentitledtoanovertimeequivalenttothenormalworkinghoursplusanincreaseofnotlessthan50%ofhiswageforthe overtimeperiod. IfcircumstanceofworkrequiretheemployeetoworkattheplaceofworkonFriday,heshallbegivenanotherdayforrestduringtheweekasasubstitution orbepaidabasicwageplusaminimumof50%ofthatwage.However,theemployeeshallnotbeaskedtoworktwoconsecutiveFridaysunlesshiswages arecalculatedonadailybasis. Inanycircumstances,overtimeshallnotexceedtwohoursinadayexceptwhereworkisnecessarytopreventbiglosses,aseriousaccidentortoremove tracesofsuchanaccident,orreduceitseffects. Theaboveprovisionshowever,willnotbeapplicabletothefollowingpersons.
1. Personsinaseniorposition,orinanadministrativesupervisoryrole,ifsuchpersonshavesimilarauthorityoveremployees,astheauthorityofthe
employer.
2. Crewsofnavalshipsandmarineemployeeswhoenjoyspecialprivilegesbecauseofthenatureoftheirwork.Thisdoesnotincludeportemployees
engagedinloadingandunloadingandotherrelatedwork.
VIII.ANNUALLEAVE 1.Whatareanemployee'sleaveentitlements?
Foreveryyearofservice,anemployeeisentitledtoanannualleaveofnotlessthanthefollowing:
2.Whichofficialholidaysaretheemployeeentitledto?
Anemployeeisentitledtoanofficialholidaywithfullwageforthefollowingoccasions: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 HijriNewYear'sDay GregorianNewYear'sDay EidAlFitr(endofRamadan) EidAlAdaandWaqfa ProphetMohammed'sBirthday IsraandAlMi'raj NationalDay oneday oneday twodays threedays oneday oneday oneday
3.Areofficialholidaysexcludedfromthecalculationofleave?
No.Thecalculationofdurationofannualleaveshallincludeholidaysspecifiedbylaworbyagreement,orbyanyotherdaybecauseofsicknessiftheyfall withintheleaveandshallbedeemedtobepartthereof.
4.Whatwouldbepayabletotheemployeeduringhisannualleave?
Anemployeeshallbepaidhisbasicwageplusthehousingallowance,ifapplicable,andanyotherallowanceswhichhereceivesinthenormalworking month.
5.Whodetermineswhentheleavestartsandforhowlong?
Theemployerhastherighttodeterminethebeginningoftheannualleave,andwhennecessary,hehastherighttodividetheleaveintotwosections. Ifhowever,workcircumstancesrequirekeepingtheemployeeduringwholeorpartofhisannualleaveandtheleavehasnotbeencarriedoverforthe followingyear,thentheemployershallpayhimhiswageinadditiontoaleaveallowanceforthedayheworkedequaltohisbasicwage. Inallcases,noemployeeshallberequiredtoworkduringhisannualleavemorethanonceduringtwoconsecutiveyears.Inotherwords,theemployermay onlydefertheannualleaveonceintwoconsecutiveyearsandatthesametimepaytheemployeetheannualleavewages.
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6.Atwhichpointshouldannualleavewagesbepaid?
Beforetakinghisannualleave,theemployeeshallbepaidhisfullwage,plusthewageofhisleavedayshedeservesaccordingtotheprovisionofthislaw.
7.Istheemployeeentitledtopaymentinlieuofleaveifhisservicesareterminated?
Theemployeeisentitledtopaymentofhiswagesforhisleaveifhisemploymentisterminated,orhelefthisworkaftertheperiodofnoticedeterminedby law.Theemployeewillbeentitledtoreceivewagesfortheannualleavethathehasnottaken.Paymentwillbecalculatedonthebasisofthewageshe receivedatthetimewhentheleavewasdue.
IX.SICKLEAVE 1.Istheemployeeentitledtosickleave?
Theemployeemustreporttotheemployeranyinjuriesorillnesspreventinghimfromworking,withinamaximumperiodoftwodays. Theemployeewillnotbeentitledforanysickleaveduringtheprobationperiod. Afteraperiodofthreemonthscontinuousservicefollowingtheprobationperiod,theemployeeisentitledto:
2.Cantheemployeeresignfromemploymentduringthesickleave?
Theemployeemayresignfromemploymentduringthesickleaveandbeforethecompletionof45daysspecifiedbylaw,providedthecauseofresignation wasapprovedbyagovernmentphysician.Inthissituation,theemployermustpaytheemployeewhoresigned,allthewagesofwhichheisentitledforuntil theendofthe45daysreferredtoabove.
3.Cantheemployerterminatetheemployeefromserviceduringhissickorannualleave?
Theemployermaynotterminatetheemployeefromserviceduringhissickleaveorduringhisannualleave.Duringthisperiodanynoticeforterminationwill beconsiderednullandvoid. However,theemployerisentitledtoterminatetheemploymentcontractiftheemployeehasexhaustedhisfullsickleaveandisnotfittocomebackto work.Insuchacasetheemployeewillbeentitledforhisfullgratuityandendofserviceentitlementaccordingtothislaw. Further,theemployeewillnotbeentitledtowagesforthedaysthathehasnotreportedtoworkaftertheendofhisleave.Thiswillnotprejudicetherightsof theemployertoterminatetheemployeescontractifhefailstoreportbacktoworkwithin7consecutivedaysfromthedateonwhichhewasdueback.
4.IsgoingtoHajforpilgrimageconsideredpartoftheannualleave?.
TheemployermustgivetheemployeeonceduringhisemploymentaspecialleavewithoutpaytogoforHaj(pilgrimage)whichshouldnotexceed30days. This30dayswillnotbepartoftheemployee'sannualleaveoranyotherleaveforwhichheisentitled.
5.Maternityleaveentitlement
Aworkingwomanshallbeentitledfor45daysmaternityleavewithfullpaytoincludetheperiodbeforeandafterthedelivery,providedshehasserved continuouslyfornotlessthanoneyear.Thematernityleaveshallbegrantedwithhalfpayifthewomanhasnotcompletedoneyear. Attheendofthematernityleave,aworkingwomanhasarighttoextendhermaternityleaveforamaximumof100dayswithoutpay.Thisunpaidleavecan becontinuousorinterruptediftheinterruptioniscausedbyillnesswhichpreventsherfromcomingtowork.Theillnessmustbeconfirmedbyacertified governmentphysicianlicensedbythecompetenthealthauthority. Maternityleaveineitheroftheabovecasesshallnotbedeductedfromanyotherleaveforwhichthewomanemployeeisentitled. Duringthe18thmonthsfollowingthedelivery,theworkingwoman,whofostersherchildhastherighttohavetwodailyintervalswhichdonotexceedhalfan houreachforthepurposeofnursingherchild.Thosetwoadditionalintervalsshallbeconsideredpartoftheworkinghoursandnodeductioninwagesshall bemade.
X.EMPLOYEERECORDS 1.Whattypesofrecordsmustbekeptbytheemployer?
Anemployerwhohas5employeesormoreinhisservice,shalladheretothefollowing:
1. Keepingafileforeveryemployeegivinghisname,tradeorprofession,age,nationality,placeofresidence,maritalstatus,dateofcommencementof
service,wageandanychangeinit,vacation,illnessandinjuries,andthedateofterminationofserviceandthereasonfortermination.
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2. A"leavecard"foreveryemployeetobekeptinhisfile.Itshouldbedividedintothreesections:
3. 4. 5.
6.
Theimplementationoftheseregulationsandtheamendmentsthereof,willhavetobesanctionedbythelabourdepartmentwithin30daysfromthedateof submission.
XI.SAFETYREQUIREMENTS 1.Whatarethesafetyregulationsandmeasuresrequiredbylaw?
TheUAEFederalLabourLawspecifiescertainprovisionsforemployeesafetyandhealthcare,stipulatedunderArticle91toArticle101.Theprovisionsof thelawrequirethefollowingmeasuresandprocedurestobeadheredto:
1. Everyemployershouldprovidehisemployeeswithsuitablemeansofprotectionagainstinjuries,occupationaldiseaseswhichmaybecontacted
duringwork,fireandhazardswhichmayresultfromtheuseofmachineryandotherworkequipment.Theemployershallapplyalltheother precautionarymeasuresspecifiedbytheMinistryofLabourandSocialAffairs.Theemployeehowever,hastousethesafetyequipmentandclothes giventohimforthispurpose.Heshallalsofollowhisemployer'sinstructionswhichaimtoprotecthimfromdanger. Everyemployershalldisplayinapermanentandprominentplaceattheworksite,detailedinstructionsregardingthemeansofpreventingfireandthe meansofprotectionofemployeesfromhazardstowhichtheymaybeexposedduringwork.TheseinstructionsshallbeinArabicandifnecessary anotherlanguageunderstoodbytheemployee. Everyemployershallmakeavailableafirstaidkitorkitscontainingmedicines,bandagesandotherfirstaidmaterialasdirectedbytheMinistryof LabourandSocialAffairs. Everyemployershallkeepeveryplaceofworkcleanandwellventilated.Theseplacesshouldhaveadequatelightingandbeprovidedwithwater suitablefordrinking,andbathrooms. Anemployeeshallassignoneormorephysiciantoexaminethoroughlythoseofhisemployeeswhoareexposedtothepossibilityofcontractingone oftheoccupationaldiseaseslistedinthescheduleattachedtothislaw.Atleastonceeverysixmonths,these,"atrisk"employeesshouldbe examinedandresultsrecordedontheirfiles. AnemployershallprovidehisemployeewiththemeansofmedicalcareuptothestandarddeterminedbytheMinistryofLabourandSocialAffairsin consultationwiththeMinisterofHealth. Theemployerorhisdeputyshallinformtheemployeeofthedangersofhisjobandthemeansofprotectionthathehastotake.Heshallalsodisplay detailedwritteninstructionsconcerningthatatworkpremises. Noemployer,hisdeputy,oranypersonwhohasauthorityoveremployeesshallbringorallowotherstobringanykindofalcoholicdrinksfor consumptiononworkpremises.Heshallalsonotallowanypersontoentertheestablishmentortoremaininit,whileheisintoxicated.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Everyemployeremployingemployeesinremoteareasnotservedbypublicmeansoftransportation,shallprovidehisemployeeswiththefollowingservices:
a. b. c. d. e. f.
Alltheaboveservicesapartfromfoodmaterialwillbeontheemployer'saccount.
XII.DISCIPLINARYCODE 1.WhatisthenatureofthedisciplinarycodeintheUAEFederalLaw?
Yes,thereisadisciplinarycodeintheUAEFederalLabourlawwhichprovidefortheprovisionofdisciplinarymeasureswhichanyemployerorhis representativemayimposeuponhisemployees.Theyareasfollows:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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2.Whatisthemaximumfineanemployercanimposeonhisemployee?
Afinemaybeafixedsumofmoneyoranamountequivalenttotheemployee'swageforacertainperiod.Afineforoneviolationshallnotexceed5day's wages,andindeedinanymonthtotalfinesshallnotexceedanamountequivalentto5day'swages.
3.Ifafineisimposed,whoshouldkeepthemoneydeductedfromtheemployee'swages?
Afineimposedonanemployeeshallbeenteredinaspecialregistergivingthereasonorthecircumstances,nameofemployeeandhiswage.Aspecial accountshallbekeptforthesefines,themonthlytotalofwhichshallbespentonsocialwelfarefortheemployees.
4.Howoftenandforwhatlengthcananemployerdepriveanemployeefromtheperiodicalallowancesorpromotion.
Anypunishmentdeprivinganemployeeofhisperiodicalincentivesmaynotbeimposedmorethanoncewithinoneyear.Hisincentivesshallnotbe postponedformorethansixmonths. Further,noemployeeshallbedeprivedofmorethanonepromotion.Thepunishedemployeeshallbepromotedinthefirstsucceedingopportunityifhe satisfiesthenecessaryconditions.
5.Whatarethelimitationsandtheconditionsrequiredbythelawpertainingtotheuseofdisciplinarycodes?
Theemployermaynotimposeanydisciplinarymeasuresontheemployeeunlessthefollowingconditionsaremet:
1. Nodisciplinaryactionshallbetakenagainstanyemployeebecauseofsomethinghecommittedoutsidetheplaceofworkunlessitisrelatedtowork,
theemployerorthemanagerinchargeofthework.
2. Nomorethanonepunishmentshallbeimposedforoneviolation.Adisciplinarypunishmentshallnotbeaccompaniedwithdeductionofpartofthe
employee'swages.
3. Noneofthepunishmentprovidedforreferredtohereaboveshallbeimposedonaemployeeunlessheisinformedofhisviolationinwritingandgiven 4. 5.
achancetodefendhimself.Hisstatementanddefenseshallbenotedandwritteninhisfile,andthepunishmentimposedshallbespelledoutatthe endofthesaidnote. Anemployeemustbeinformedinwritingofthepunishmentimposedonhim,statingitstypeandamount,thereasonthereofandthepunishmenthe shallbesubjecttoincaseofrecurrence. Noemployeeshallbeaccusedofanoffenseafterthelapseof30daysofitsdiscovery.Nodisciplinaryactionshallbeimposedafterthelapseof60 daysfromtheendofinvestigationregardingtheviolation,andtheconfirmationofitsrecurrence.
6.Underwhatconditionscananemployersuspendanemployeefromemployment?
Anemployeemaybetemporarilysuspendedfromworkwhenheisaccusedofcommittingadeliberatecrimesuchasphysicalassault,orfinancialcrime, crimesofhonour,orgoingonstrike. Thesuspensionshalltakeeffectfromthedateofinformingtheconcernedauthorityoftheincidentuntiladecisionistakenbytheseauthoritiesregarding thatincident.Anemployeeshallnotbeentitledtohiswagesduringthesuspensionperiod.Iftheverdictrelievestheemployeefromstandingtrialoracquits him.Heshallbereinstatedinhisworkandgivenhisfullwageforthesuspensionperiodifhissuspensionwasamaliciousactbytheemployer.
XIII.WORKACCIDENT 1.Whatisthenatureofreportinglabouraccidentsandoccupationaldiseases?
Iftheemployeesufferedaworkaccidentoranoccasionaldisease,theemployerorhisrepresentativeshallreporttheaccidentimmediatelytothepoliceand labourdepartmentoroneofitsbranchesunderwhosejurisdictiontheplaceofworkfalls.Theinformationshallincludetheemployee'sname,profession, address, nationalityandabriefdescriptionoftheincidentanditscircumstances,andthemeasurestakenfortreatmentorfirstaid.
2.Wouldtheemployerbeprosecutedforanaccidentoraninjurytoanemployee?
Uponreceivingtheinformationfromtheemployer,thepoliceshallperformthenecessaryinvestigationstatingintheirreporttestimonyfromwitnesses,the employerorhisrepresentative,andtheinjuredpersonifhisconditionallowshimtotestify.Thereportshallspecificallystatewhethertheaccidentrelatedto work,whetherittookplaceintentionally,orasaresultofmisbehavioronthepartoftheemployee. Ifthereportcametotheconclusionthatoneoftheemployer'spersonnelorManagerswereatfaultornegligent,hemaybeprosecutedinacriminalcourtfor theactoromission.
3.Wouldtheemployerbeliableforthecompensation?
Incaseofworkaccidentandoccupationaldiseases,theemployershallundertaketopaythecostoftheemployeestreatmentinoneofthegovernmentor privateclinicstilltheemployeerecoversorhisdisabilitybecomescertain.Thetreatmentshallincludehospitalandsanitaryfeesandcostofsurgical operations,Xraysandlaboratoriesfeesinadditiontothecostofmedicineandrehabilitationequipmentandartificialpartsforthosewhosedisabilityis proven.Theemployershallalsopaythetravelexpensesneededfortheemployeestreatment.
4.Whatwouldtheemployerpayiftheemployeewerenotabletoperformhisworkaftertheaccident?
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5.Howmuchwouldtheemployerpaytheemployeeduringhistreatment?
Thefinancialgrantmadebytheemployershallbecalculatedonthebasisofthelastwagetheemployeewaspaidinrespectofthosewhoarepaidmonthly, weekly,dailyorhourlyandonthebasisoftheaveragewageforthosewhoarepaidonpieceworkbasis.
6.Wouldtheemployeebeentitledforcompensationotherthanhiswages?
Theemployeewillnotbeentitledtoclaimcompensationfromtheemployerotherthanhiswagesandcompensationfordisabilityaccordingtotheschedule publishedbythelabouroffice.Acopyofthisscheduleisattachedherewithtothiscatalogue.Thisis,ofcourse,withoutprejudicetotheemployee'srightto claimcompensationagainstanythirdpartywhomayparticipateincausingtheaccidentorthedisabilitysufferedbytheemployee.
7.Istheemployee'sfamilyentitledtoclaimcompensation?
Theemployee'sfamilyisnotentitledtoclaimcompensationunlesstheaccidentcausedthedeathoftheemployeeorhispermanentdisability.The compensationshallbeequivalenttothebasicwageoftheemployeeforaperiodof24months.ThevalueofthecompensationshallnotbelessthanDhs. 18,000/andnotmorethanDhs.35,000/.Itshallbecalculatedonthebasisofthelastwagetheemployeewaspaidbeforehisdeathanddividedamong inheritorsaccordingtotherulesofthelistannexedlaw.
8.Whowillbeconsideredtheheirsoftheemployee,entitledtoreceivecompensation?
InapplyingtherulesoftheLabourLaw,thefamilyofthedeceasedmeansthosewhodependfortheirlivelihoodentirely,ormainly,ontheincomeofthe deceasedpersonatthetimeofhisdeath.Theymustqualifybybeingincludedamongthefollowingcategories:
1. Widower. 2. Childrenwhoare:sonsunder17,andthoseunder24whoareenrolledasaregularstudentintheinstitutionoflearning,andalsothoseofhissons 3. 4. 5.
whoarephysicallyormentallyunabletoearntheirliving.Theword"Son"shallincludesonsofthehusbandorthewifewhoareunderthecareofthe deceasedemployeeatthetimeofhisdeath. Unmarriedgirlsincludingunmarrieddaughtersofthehusbandorthewifewhoareunderthecareofthedeceasedemployeeatthetimeofthedeath. Parents Brothersandsistersaccordingtotheconditionssetforsonsanddaughters
9.Woulddeliberateselfinjuryreceiveacompensationormedicalleave?
Ifitwasevidencedinareportprovidedbythelabourofficeorthepolicethattheemployeehadintentionallycausedhisowninjuryinordertoreceive compensationormedicalleavethenhewouldnotbeentitledtoeithercompensationormedicalleave,andwouldbeliableforcriminalchargestobebrought uponhim.
XIV.TERMINATIONOFCONTRACT 1.Whendoesanemploymentcontractterminated?
Anemploymentcontractcanbeterminatedinanyofthefollowingcircumstances:
2.Wouldanemploymentcontractbeterminatedbythedeathoftheemployeeortheemployer?
Anemployer'sdeathshallnotconstituteanendtothelabourcontract,unlessthesubjectofthecontractisrelatedtohimpersonally.However,thecontract willbeterminateduponthedeathoftheemployeeoruponhistotaldisabilitytoperformhiswork. However,iftheemployee'sdisabilitywaspartial,andhewasabletoperformotherworkswhichsuitedhishealth,theemployershalltransfertheemployeeto anothersuchwork,iftheemployeesorequestsandgivehimthesamewagesforasimilarjob.
3.Underwhichcircumstancescananemployerterminatetheemploymentcontractwithoutnoticeandwithimmediate effect?
Anemployermaydismissanemployeewithoutanynoticeinanyofthefollowingcases:
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within48hours.
4. Iftheemployeeviolatesinstructionsrelatingtosafetyintheplaceofwork,providedthoseinstructionswerewrittenanddisplayedinapermanent
place,andtheemployeehasbeeninformedoftheseinstructionsorallyifheisilliterate.
5. Iftheemployeefailstocarryouthisbasicdutiesasstatedinthecontractandcontinuestodosoinspiteofawritteninterrogationandawarningthat 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
hisservicewillbeterminatedifherepeatshisactions. Ifhedisclosesasecretoftheestablishmentforwhomheisworking. Ifheisconclusivelyconvictedbytheconcernedcourtofacrimeinvolvinghonourorhishonestyandpublicmoral. Ifheisfounddrunkorintoxicatedbydrugsduringworkinghours. Ifhecommitsaphysicalassaultontheemployerormanageroroneofhiscolleaguesduringwork. Ifhebecomesabsentwithoutalegitimatereasonformorethan20intermittentdaysormorethan7continuousdayswithinoneyear.
4.Cananemployeeterminateacontractwithoutnotice?
Anemployeemayleavehisworkwithoutnoticeineitherofthesetwocases:
6.CananemployeeaftertheterminationofcontractbeemployedbyotheremployerintheUAE?
Ifthenatureofthepositionheldbytheemployeeallowshimtoknowhisemployer'sclientsorthetradesecretsoftheemployer,theemployermaystipulate inthecontractthataftertheendofhiscontract,theemployeeshallnotcompetewithhimorshareinanycompetingproduct.Theemployeehastobe21 yearsoldatthetimeofsigningthecontractforthisagreementtobelegal.Theagreementshallbe,asfarastime,placeandnatureofworkareconcerned, limitedtowhatisnecessarytoprotectthelegalinterestoftheemployer.However,iftherewerenoagreements,theemployeemayworkforanother employerprovidedincaseoftheemployeebeingnonnational,heisoneofthecategoriesexemptedfromsixmonthsoraoneyearban,andthathehasnot committedanyviolationtothelawwhichmakeshimsubjecttoaoneyearbanfromworkingintheUAE.
7.Whatemploymentbanprovisionapplyupontheterminationofanemploymentcontract?
OneyearbanwillbestampedontheemployeepassportbytheImmigrationofficeiftheemployeeviolatestheemploymentcontractortheUAELabourLaw andRegulations.Thesixmonthsbanwillbestampedonthecategorywhomnotpermittedtotransfervisaandonthecancellationofthesome. ThefollowingcategoryarepermittedtotransferofResidencevisa:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Engineers. Doctors,Pharmacistsandhospitalattendants. Agricultureinstructors. Teachers QualifiedAccountantsandAuditors QualifiedAdministrationofficials. Techniciansofscientificelectronicsandlaboratories. Driverslicensedtodriveheavytransportvehiclesand(buses) Thisisincaseoftransferringthesponsorshipfromacompanyorestablishmenttoitscounterpartortoanygovernmentalbody. Employeesofprivateoilcompaniesareentitledtotransfertheirsponsorshipfromonecompanyorestablishmenttoitscounterpartortoany governmentalbody.
Providedalwaysthat:
1. 2. 3. 4.
Withthefollowingexceptiontotheaboverules:
1. Ifthetransferwastobefromonebranchtoanotherbranchwithinthesamecompany,establishmentoranestablishmentownedbythesame
employer.
2. Ifthetransferwasbecauseofthetransferoftheownershipofthecompany,establishmentorabranchofittotheownershipofanothercompany,
establishmentorperson.
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8.Whichrules,ifviolated,willresultinterminationofthecontract,andthustheemployeebeingbannedfromworkingin theUAEforoneyear?
Iftheemployeewithoutajustifiedcause,beforetheendofaspecifiedemploymentcontract,orinthecaseofunlimitedcontract,leavestheemployer, withoutgivingonemonth'snoticeoftermination,orleaveshisemploymentbeforethelapseofonemonth'snotice.
9.Istheemployerobligedtogiveanendofservicecertificatetotheemployeeattheendoftheservice?
Anemployershallgivehisemployeeathisrequestattheendofthecontractaservicecertificatefreeofcharge,statingthedateofcommencementof service,theexpirydate,totalserviceperiod,natureofworkcarriedoutbytheemployee,hislastwageandanyallowances,iftheyexist. Theemployershallalsoreturntotheemployeeallthathehasdepositedwithhimlikecertificates,papers,instrumentsetc.
XV.REPATRIATIONOFEMPLOYEE 1.Whobearstherepatriationexpenses?
Attheendofthecontract,anemployershallsustainrepatriationexpensesoftheemployeetotheplaceofrecruitmentortoanyotherplacewhichthetwo partieshaveagreedupon.Iftheemployeeservedwithanotheremployerattheterminationofhiscontract,thenewemployershallpaythecostofthetravel attheendoftheservice.However,iftheemployeeisresponsibleforterminatingthecontract,heshallberepatriatedathisownexpenseifhehassufficient means.
2.Doestherepatriationoftheemployeemeansthattheemployerhasalsotopayforfurnitureandfamilymembers?
Iftheemployerhadpaidforthetravellingexpensesoftheemployee,hisfamilyandthefurnitureorsuchprovisionasstipulatedinthecontract,theemployer thenwillhavetopayforthefamilyandthefurnitureandanyexpensesincurredtherewith.However,ifatthetimewhenthecontractwascommencedthere wasnoagreementonpaymentoffamilyrepatriationcostsorfurnitureshipmentcostsandtheemployerdidn'tpayfortheseatthecommencementofthe contract,theemployerwillnotbeliabletopaythesame,unlesstheruleswithintheestablishmentspecifyotherwise.
3.Whendoestheemployeehavetovacatehisaccommodationifitwasprovidedtohimbytheemployer?
Incaseswheretheemployerprovidesaccommodationtotheemployee,theemployeeshallbeobligedtovacatethepremiseswithinaperiodthatdoesnot exceed30daysfromthedateofterminationofhisservices.Theemployeemaynotextendthisperiodforwhateverreasonsprovidedthattheemployer actuallypaysforthefollowing:
a. Therepatriationexpensesasagreed. b. Endofservicebenefitsandotherentitlementswhichareprovidedbythelabourcontractortheregulationoftheestablishment.
Incaseofadisputebetweentheemployerandtheemployee,thelabourofficemustgivetherecommendationofexpenseswithinaweekfromthedatethe complaintisfiled,andinformtheemployeeoftheamountpayable.Insuchacase,the30dayswillcommencefromthedatetheemployeedepositsthe amountrecommendedbythelabourofficewithitsofficeasdeposit.Inasituationwherethepremiseswerenotvacated,theMinistryofLabourwillorderthe vacationofthepremiseswiththeassistanceofthelocalpoliceintheemirateconcerned.Thisofcourse,iswithoutprejudicetotheemployee'srightto challengetheamountrecommendedbythelabourofficeatthecourt.
XVI.PAYMENTOFGRATUITY 1.Whatistheemployeeentitledtoattheterminationoftheemploymentcontract?
Theemployeeattheterminationoftheemploymentcontractwillbeentitledfortothefollowing:
1. Anoticeperiod,oranyamountdueinlieuofthenoticeperiod,inthecaseofanunlimitedcontract. 2. Compensationfortheunreasonabledismissalifthecontractwasterminatedbytheemployerforunreasonablecause,inthecaseofanunlimited 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
contract. Inthecaseofalimitedcontract,compensationequivalenttotheperioduntiltheendofthecontract,orthreemonth'ssalarywhicheverisgreater. Paymentsequivalenttothebalanceofunutilizedleaveoranypartthereof. Paymentsforovertimeoranybalanceofwagesdueandnotyetpaid. Endofservicegratuitycalculatedonthedurationoftheemployment. Repatriationexpenseasperthelaworthecontact.
2.Whatdoesthetermendofservicegratuitymeanintermsofcompensation?
Anemployeewhocompletesoneyearormoreincontinuousserviceshallbeentitledtogratuityattheendoftheservice.Thegratuityshallbecalculatedas follows:
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fromworkwithoutpayshallnotbeincludedincalculatingthelengthofservice.However,iftheemployeecompletedayearinservicehewillbeentitledtoa gratuityforthefractionoftheyearproportionalforthepartoftheyearhespentinworkprovidedthathehascompletedoneyearincontinuousservice.
4.Onwhatbasisisgratuitycalculated?
Withoutprejudicetowhatisstipulatedbysomelawsinthegrantingofpensionsorretirementbenefitstoemployees,insomeestablishmentsgratuityfor thosewhoarepaidmonthly,weeklyordailywagesshallbecalculatedasfollows: Basicwagewhichistakenasabasisforthecalculationofgratuityisthatwhichislastreceivedbytheemployeebeforetheterminationoftheemployment contract.Thiswagewillbethebasisforcalculatingthegratuityforalltheyearsduringwhichtheemployeeworksfortheemployercalculatedattherate advisedhereabove.
5.Whatdoesabasicwagemean?
Abasicwagemeansanythingreceivedbytheemployeeasawageexcludinghousing,transport,travellingallowancesandovertime,familyallowances, entertainingallowancesandanyotherallowancesorabonus.
6.Wouldacommissionorpaymentbypercentagebeconsideredabasicwage?
AccordingtorecentjudgmentdeliveredbytheUAEcourt,anyamountpayabletoemployeeaswageotherthanallowancesorbonusincludingwagespaidby percent,commissionorbyperformancewillbeconsideredawageandwillbetakenintoconsiderationincalculatinggratuity.
7.Wouldanemployeeemployedpriortothelawcomingintousebeentitledtogratuity?
AccordingtotheUAElaw,employeeswhoareworkingwiththeiremployerpriortothedateonwhichthelawcameintoforcewillnotbeentitledforgratuity fortheperiodprecedingthelaw.Withoutprejudicetoanyentitlementorpaymenttheywereentitledtounderlawsorregulations.However,gratuityforthose employeeswillbecalculatedonthedatethelawcameintoforcethereafter.
8.Cantheemployerdeductanypaymentfromthegratuitypayabletotheemployee?
Theemployermaydeductanyamountdueandpayabletotheemployeetotheemployerfromtheendoftheservicegratuityandmakepaymentforthe balancetotheemployee.Ifthereisanydisputeoverpaymentofgratuityoramountpayabletotheemployer,themattershouldbeputtothelabourofficefor mediation.
9.Doesitmakedifferencetotheamountcalculatedforthegratuityiftheemployeeresignedfromemployment?
Anemployeeemployedunderacontractforunlimitedperiodwhoresignedafteracontinuousserviceofnotlessthanayearandnotmorethanthreeyearsis entitledtoonethirdoftheendofservicegratuityprovidedabove.Iftheperiodofcontinuousservicewasmorethanthreeyearsandlessthanfiveyearshe isentitledtotwothirdsofthegratuity. Ifhiscontinuousservicewasmorethanfiveyears,heshallbeentitledtothefullgratuity. Ifanemployeewhoisemployedunderacontractoflimitedperiod,resignedwithhisfreewillbeforetheendofthecontract,heshallnotbeentitledtothe endofservicegratuityunlesshiscontinuousserviceexceedsfiveyears.
10.Cananemployeebedeprivedofhisendofservicegratuityandunderwhatcircumstances?
Anemployeemayalsobedeprivedofhisgratuityineitherofthefollowingtwocases. HehasbeendismissedforoneofthereasonsstatedinArticle120ofthislaw,orifheleftworktoavoiddismissal. IfhelefthisjobvoluntarilywithoutnoticeincasesotherthanthetwoprovidedforinArticle121ofthislaw.Thisappliestounlimitedperiodcontractandin caseswheretheemployeedidnotcompletefiveyearsofcontinuousemploymentinacontractoflimitedterm. Iftheestablishmentorcompanyhasapensionschemewhichisbeneficialtotheemployee,woulditbeasubstitutionforpaymentofgratuity? Iftheemployerhaspensionschemeapplicabletoallemployeesatthecompanyortheestablishment,suchaschememustbepublishedandknowntoall employees,andatthesametime,specifythatthisschemewillbeasubstitutionforthegratuityrulesgovernedbytheUAEFederalLabourLaw.Itmustbe morebeneficialtotheemployeesthanthegratuityprovisionofthelaw.Otherwisetheemployeemaybenefitfromboth.
11.Cantheemployeeandtheemployeragreetopaygratuityfordeterminationoftheemploymentcontractforthe proceedingperiod?
Theemployerandtheemployermayagreetopayatacertaintimethegratuitytotheemployeefortheyearsduringwhichtheemployeeservedthe employer,andtostartwithanewcontractforthefutureperiod.Providedalwayshowever,thatthisagreementisclearlystated,acknowledged,andagreed betweentheemployeeandemployerwherebygratuitywillbepaidfortheproceedingperiod,andanewcontractwillbeenteredintoforthefuturerelationship. This,bearinginmindthattheemployee'semploymentwiththeemployerwillstillbeconsideredasacontinuousperiodforthepurposeofthecalculationof theinterest,oratthetimewhenheresigns,calculatingtheyearsduringwhichhewasemployedwiththeemployer.
12.Cananemployeemortgageorassignpaymentofhisgratuity?
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13.Whendoesgratuitybecomedueandpayable?
Gratuitywillonlybecomedueandpayableattheendoforattheterminationofthecontract.
14.Wouldendofservicegratuityandotherduespayabletotheemployeebeconsideredprioritydebts?
Theemployee'swages,overtime,andanyotherbenefits,includingtheendofservicegratuity,isconsideredapreferentialdebtandtheemployeeshallhave alienoveranymovableorimmovablepropertyownedbytheemployerrankingsecondtogovernmentcharges,judicialfeesandfamilyalimonypayments.
XVII.DISPUTESETTLEMENT 1.Incaseofadisputebetweentheemployeeandtheemployer,howcaneitherofthemproceedwithacase?
Incaseofadisputebetweentheemployeeandtheemployer,oreither,anapplicationmustbemade,shouldeitherofthepartyfailtosettlethedispute,to thelabourofficeintheemirateinwhichtheemployer'sestablishmentislocated.Theapplicationmustbemadebywrittencomplaintwiththecomplaint departmentatthelabouroffice,settingoutasummaryofthefacts,calculationoftheamountdue,andenclosingacopyofthelabourcontract.The applicationwillbefiledwiththeMinistryuponcollectionofDhs.100asregistrationfees.Eithertheemployerortheemployeewillbesummonedtohearthe argumentatthelabouroffice,andattheMinistryofLabourandSocialaffairsmustmaketherecommendationwithintwoweeksfromthedateonwhichthe applicationisfiled.ShouldthepartystillfailtosettlethedisputeasrecommendedbytheLabourOffice,thematterwillthenhavetobereferredtocourtto belitigatedinthenormalmatter.Insuchacase,theLabourOfficewillissuesummaryofthecase,thefactsofthecase,andthememorandumtogether withtherecommendation,andtheargumentputbyeitherparty.Thecourt,within3daysfromthedateonwhichapplicationisreceived,shallschedulea hearingdateandsummontheotherpartytohearthematter.
2.Shouldtheapplicationtothelabourofficeandthecourtbemadewithinatimelimit?
Acomplaintbyeithertheemployerortheemployeemustbemadetothelabourofficewithinoneyearfromthedateonwhichtheamountortheentitlement becomesdue.Inotherwords,theoneyeartimeperiod,isnotfromthedatetheemploymentisterminated,butfromanydateanamountbecomedueand notpaid.Acomplaintthereforemustbefiledwithinayearfromthedateonwhichsuchanamountbecomesdue,otherwise,itwillbetimebarred. Incalculatingtimeandperiodaccordingtothislaw,theGregoriancalendarwillbeused.Theyeariscalculatedas365daysandthemonth30days.
3.Istheemployerortheemployeehavetopaycourtfeesifthematterwasreferredtocourt?
Employeesareexemptedfromcourtfeesandhisactionwillbefiledincourtandifanappealisfiled,totheappealcourt,withouthavingtopayanycourt fees.However,anemployer,ifhewouldliketoproceedwiththecourtaction,shouldthematterfailtosettleatthelabouroffice,mustpaycourtfees,which arenormallybasedatapercentageoftheamountclaimed.
4.Isthereadifferentruleforthecomplaintfiledbyagroupofemployeesagainstoneemployer?
ThelawprovidesslightlydifferentprovisionforhearingclaimsbytheLabourOfficeforanumberofemployeesofthesameestablishment,filingacomplaint againsttheiremployer.ItmaytakelongertobesettledattheLabourOfficeandtheLabourOfficemayformacommitteetosettlesuchadispute.
2.Whatisthejurisdictionandtheauthorityofthelabourinspectors?
ALabourInspectorhasresponsibilityforthefollowing:
1. Supervisingtheproperenforcementoftheprovisionofthelabourlawespeciallytermsofwork,wagesandprotectionoftheemployeeswhile
performingtheirjobsandwhateverrelatestotheirhealthandsafety,andalsointheemploymentofjuvenilesandwoman.
2. Providingemployersandemployeeswiththeinformationandtechnicalguidancethatwillenablethemtoadoptthebestmeansfortheenforcementof
theprovisionofthelaw.
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entryismadeduringworkinghours
XIX.OCCUPATIONALDISEASES
NO. TYPEOFDISEASE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Poisoningbyleadandits compounds Poisoningbymercuryandits compounds. Poisoningbyarsenicandits compounds WORKCAUSINGDISEASE Anyworkinvolvingtheuseorhandlingofleadandcompoundswhichcontainleads. Anyworkinvolvingtheuseorhandlingofmercuryoritscompoundsormaterialscontainingmercuryandanywork involvingexposuretothedustorgasesofmercuryorofitscompoundsormaterialscontainingmercury. Anyworkinvolvingtheuseofhandlingofarsenicoritscompoundsormaterialscontainingarsenicandanywork involvingexposuretothedustandgasesofarsenicorofitscompoundsormaterialscontainingarsenic.
Poisoningbyantimonyandits Anyworkinvolvingtheuseorhandlingofantimony,itscompoundsormaterialscontainingantimonyandanywork compounds involvingexposuretothedustandgasesofantimonyorofitscompounds. Poisoningbyphosphorousand Anyworkinvolvingtheuseofhandlingofphosphorus,itscompoundsormaterialscontainingphosphorousandany itscompounds workinvolvingexposuretothedustofgasesofphosphorusorofitscompoundsormaterialscontainingphosphorus. Poisoningbypetroleum,its derivatives,compoundsand byproducts Poisoningbymanganeseand itscompounds Poisoningbysulphurandits compounds Anyworkinvolvingthehandlingoruseofpetroleum,itsderivativesandcompoundsandanyworkinvolvingexposure totheirdustorgases. Anyworkinvolvingtheuseorhandlingofmanganese,itscompoundsormaterialscontainingmanganese,andany workinvolvingexposuretothegasesordustofmanganeseorofitscompoundsandanyproductscontaining manganese. Anyworkinvolvingtheuseorhandlingofsulphur,itscompoundsormaterialscontainingsulphur,andanywork involvingexposurestogasesordustofsulphuroritscompoundsalloys.
7 8 9 10 11
Poisoningbypetroleum,itsby Anyworkinvolvingthehandlingoruseofpetroleum,itsgasesorbyproductsandanyworkinvolvingexposureto productsandcompounds. suchsubstances,whetherinsolid,liquidorgasstate. Poisoningbychloroformor carbontetrachloride Diseasesresultingfrom radium,radioactive substances(Xray) Chronicdiseasesoftheskin andburnsoftheskinandthe eyes. Injuriesoftheeyesbyheat andlightandtheir complications. Lungdiseasesresultingfrom silicadust,asbestosand cottondust. Anthrax Glanders Tuberculosis Entericfever Anyworkinvolvingtheuseorhandlingofchloroformorcarbontetrachlorideandbyworkinvolvingexposuretotheir gases,ortoanygasescontainingsuchsubstance. AnyworkinvolvingexposuretoradiumortoanyradioactivematerialsorXray Anyworkinvolvingtheuseorhandlingofortransferoftarcarbon,tarmachines,mineraloil,keroseneorcementor flourandsimilarmaterialssuchasdustandthecomponentsandbyproductsordepositsofsuchitems. Anyworkinvolvingfrequentorcontinuedexposuretolight,heatorraysfrommoltenglassorfromheatedormelted metals,orexposuretostronglightandintenseheataswouldresultindamagetotheeyeorimpairmentofsight. Anyworkinvolvingexposuretoanewlygenerateddustofsilicaorsubstancescontainingmorethan5%ofsilicasuch asmining,quarrying,stonecuttingorgrinding,workinginastonecementfactory,glassingmetalswithsandorany otheractivityinvolved. Anyworkinvolvingcontactwithanimalsinfectedwiththisdisease,orwiththeirskinsoranimalsinfectedwithsouffl ortheirhornsandfleece. Allworksinvolvingcontactswithanimalsinfectedwiththisdisease. Workathospitalsforthetreatmentofthisdisease. Workathospitalsspecializedinthetreatmentofthisfever.
12
13
14 15 16 17 18
XX.PERMANENTDISABILITYRATING
DEGREEOF DISABILITY PERMANENT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PARTIAL 8 9 10 11 Lossofbothlegsfromthetop Lossofhandsfromtheelboworabove Severedeformationoftheface Lossofbothhandsfromtheelbow 90 85 80 70 Lossofbotharmsfromtheshouldersandlossofanytwoormorelimbs Completelossofsightinbotheyesorlossoftwoeyes Completeparalysis Dementiaorcompletementalderangement Woundsandinjuriestotheheadorbrainwhichcausecontinuousheadache Completedeformationoftheface Injuriesandwoundstothechestandinternalorganswhichcauseacontinuousandcompletedeficiencyinthe functionoftheseorgans. 100 100 100 100 10 100 100 NATUREOFPERMANENTDISABILITY PERCENTAGE
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12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
XXI.TERMOFDISTRIBUTIONOFDEATHCOMPENSATIONAMONGMEMBERSOFTHEDECEASEDEMPLOYEE'S FAMILY
Ifthewidow(orwidower),liveswiththeparentsandoffspringwhoweresupportedbythedeceased,thecompensationshallbedividedasfollows: 1.Thewidow(orwidower)shalltakeoneeighthandiftherearemorethanonewidow(orwidower),theoneeighthshallbedividedequallyamongthem,the parentsshalltakeonethirddividedequallybetweenthem,butifeitheroftheparentsisdeadthenthemothershalltakeonesixth,andthefathershalltake onethirdandtherestfortheoffspring.Iftherearenochildren,thewidow(orwidower)shalltaketwothirdsofthecompensation(tobedividedequallyamong themiftherearemorethanone)andthefathershalltaketheremainder.Incaseswherebothparentsarelivingtheyshallsharethatremainderequally.If bothparentsaredead,thewidow(orwidower)shallhaveoneeighthofthecompensation(tobedividedequallyamongthemiftherearemorethanone widow)andtheoffspringshallgetwhateverremains.Incaseswheretherearenochildrenandnolivingparent,thewidow(orwidower)shalltakethewhole compensation.Iftherearemorethanonewidow,thecompensationshallbedividedequallyamongthem. 2.Ifthereexistsoneorbothoftheparentsandachildwhoweresupportedbyadeceasedemployeewholeftbehindnowidow,thechildshalltaketwothirds andtheremainingthirdshallgototheparentorparents,whotakeequalshares. 3.Intheabsenceofawidow(orwidower),parents,brothersandsisters,thecompensationshallbedistributedequallyamongthechildrenofthedeceased. Ifthereisonlyonechild,heshallbepaidthewholecompensation. 4.Ifthereareonlyparents,whowereunderhiscare,intheabsenceofawidow(orwidower)andchildren,thecompensationshallbedividedequallybetween
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theparents.Ifthereisonlyone,heorsheshalltakethewholecompensation.Brothersandsisterswhoweresupportedbytheemployeeatthetimeofhis deathshallbetreatedintheabsenceofparentsasparents.
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