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INCORPORATING THE GRID RELIABILITY REPORT AND THE GRID ECONOMIC INVESTMENT REPORT

MARCH

ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT

2012

Foreword

Foreword to the Annual Planning Report 2012


I am pleased to introduce this seventh Transpower Annual Planning Report (APR). Transpower is the owner, operator and planner of the National Grid. The National Grid comprises the high voltage electrical transmission system that stretches across both North and South Islands, connecting generation sources to local substations serving rural and urban customers. Importantly, it also facilitates the competitive wholesale electricity market which underpins the pricing of electricity to all New Zealanders. The APR is one of our initiatives to make our planning processes more transparent for all interested parties. Transpower is adopting an open book approach to transmission planning. We think this is appropriate for a regulated entity with such an important role to play in the economic and social wellbeing of New Zealanders. When we first started publishing the APR in 2006, we were at the start of a significant capital reinvestment programme a hurdle we needed to climb to ensure New Zealanders continued to enjoy the benefits of a reliable and secure transmission network. Six years later, our capital investments are peaking all our major projects are targeting completion over the next two years. For the future, we put our stake in the ground with release of Transmission Tomorrow, It recognises that new build is only part of the answer, and we can and must do more to optimise our investment in the existing network. Already, we are trialling variable line ratings on some core transmission lines, and were also promoting the use of demandside management as a means of deferring transmission investment. The APR continues to identify issues on the investment horizon that may ultimately require a transmission solution. As in previous years, we have worked to improve the quality and layout of the information provided to be more intuitive for the reader. We continue to look for ways of enhancing the value of the APR to all our stakeholders. We will also make greater use of information from customers to form our views on demand foreacast and generation possibilities to ensure the APR is the primary grid planning document for the industry.

Dr Patrick Strange Chief Executive March 2012

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.

Executive Summary

Executive Summary
Background
The 2012 Annual Planning Report (APR) provides information about: the capabilities of the existing National Grid demand and generation forecasts for the next 10 to 15 years the National Grids ability to meet future demand and generation needs the role of the transmission grid in facilitating generation National Grid investment that may be required to meet future needs for the next 10 to 15 years and beyond, by way of: grid backbone transmission plans for the main North and South Island transmission corridors, and for the HVDC link, and thirteen regional plans. The APR also includes all the requirements of the Grid Reliability Report (GRR) and Grid Economic Investment Report (GEIR) as defined under Part 12, of the Electricity Industry Participation Code, and 10-year forecast of fault levels at each customer point of service under the Benchmark Agreement. This APR represents information available up to 28 February 2012.

Purpose of the APR


The role of the APR is to signal proposed and possible transmission investments within a 10 to 15 year horizon, so that market participants have a greater degree of information about Transpowers plans in order to confirm their own. While the APR is not a regulatory requirement, we appreciate that our operating environment relies on a greater transparency of information about the National Grid, and our plans to operate, maintain and develop it. The APR draws on other publications (like the System Security Forecast) to provide a comprehensive 10 to 15 year forecast of the issues impacting on the National Grid and our plans and possible future paths for development. The GRR and GEIR are regulatory requirements. We have endeavoured to go well beyond the minimum requirements of the GRR to provide greater transparency of our planning functions and methods.

Overview
The APR aims to provide our view on future grid development needs and augmentation options. In order to allow interested parties to fully evaluate the needs and options, the base data and analytical methods are presented for scrutiny and comment. The APR takes a national and a regional approach to examine, respectively, the grid backbone and the requirements for each individual region.

Energy and peak demand forecasts


Previous Annual Planning Reports have been based on demand assumptions provided by the Electricity Commission. This year, Transpower has developed a new approach to demand forecasting involving both top down (national/regional) and bottom up (GXP) modelling of peak demand.

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Executive Summary

The peak demand forecast represents a prudent forecast that equates to a probability of 1 exceedance (POE) of 10%. In comparison to last year, this demand forecast shows significantly lower growth. The forecast now shows an average growth rate of 1.7% per annum from 2012 to 2027.
Load (MW) 11000

New Zealand Prudent Peak Electricity Demand Forecast

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000 1995 2000 2005 APR 2010 2010 APR 2011 2015 APR 2012 2020 Actual 2025

Generation forecasts
We have developed a new set of generation scenarios for use in this work. They are broadly consistent with the scenarios published in the Electricity Commissions 2010 Statement of Opportunities. There are five market development scenarios: Sustainable Path New Zealand embarks on a path of sustainable electricity development and sectoral emissions reduction. South Island Wind Renewable development proceeds at a slightly more moderate pace. Considerable increase in wind and hydro particularly in lower South Island. Medium Renewables Middle of the road scenario; renewables developed in both islands with North Island Geothermal playing an important role. Tiwai smelter assumed decommissioned in the mid-2020s. Coal Low carbon charge and greater gas availability after 2030 make new gas, coal and lignite fired plants economic. High Gas Discovery Major new indigenous gas discoveries keep gas prices low over the entire time horizon.

State of the grid


A reliable fit for purpose National Grid that meets present consumer needs, and responds to changing demands, is an essential component of a modern society. A robust and capable grid also creates a platform to allow strong competition between generators and retailers, to put downward pressure on prices to the benefit of consumers. The National Grid also continues to provide New Zealanders with access to renewable sources of generation (hydro, wind, geothermal). Based on present knowledge, we can demonstrate that the projects identified in this report will enable the grid to meet forecast demand and solve the grid related issues 2 predicted to occur over the next 10-15 years.
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Further information about the new model is provided in Chapter 4.

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.

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Executive Summary

Key proposed developments


A number of the major projects signalled in previous years are now well underway including the North Island Grid Upgrade project (targeting 2012), North Auckland and Northland Upgrade project (targeting 2013) and the HVDC Pole 3 project (targeting 2013). In other areas and in the regional networks particularly, smaller upgrade projects providing incremental changes to existing capacity continue to be needed. In these regions, where there is less certainty over future transmission capacity, investment in newer technologies is helping to get the most out of what we have now. Recent projects include New Zealands first deployment of series compensation (now approved for the Lower South Island Reliability Project), and deployment of further static synchronous compensators at Penrose and Marsden. As well as looking at future demand, we also have projects underway to help facilitate the connection of more generation. The replacement Wairakei to Whakamaru C line project to accommodate greater generation in the Wairakei region is expected to break ground shortly. In the South Island, the Clutha to Upper Waitaki Lines project has been recently reviewed. Recognising that generation development has not happened to the extent envisaged, we are holding back on those parts of the project that were generation-enabling only.

Completed projects for 2011


Summary Table 1 lists the projects completed since the 2011 Annual Planning Report.
Summary Table 1: Projects completed since the 2011 Annual Planning Report
Project name Islington reactive power controller North Island grid upgrade project: convert the existing 110 kV Pakuranga substation to 220 kV convert the existing 110 kV OtahuhuPakuranga line to 220 kV Pakuranga 220/33 kV supply transformer Bombay 110 kV bus security upgrade Redclyffe 110 kV bus security upgrade West Coast Grid Upgrade project: InangahuaReefton 2 circuit extension to Dobson Dobson interconnecting transformer Woodville supply transformer replacement and a second supply transformer Waverley supply transformer replacement 110 kV HaweraStratford reconductoring 110 kV WanganuiWaverley reconductoring

Committed and proposed projects for 2012


Summary Figure 1 and Summary Figure 2 provide a summary of all projects either 3 committed or proposed in this APR . Detail around any particular project can be found in the relevant regional or grid backbone chapter.

Transpower is unable to comment on supply side issues (e.g. beyond the grid exit point) other than through the impact of the generation scenarios. Refer to Chapter 1, Section 1.4 for definitions of committed and proposed.

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2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2011. All rights reserved.

Executive Summary

Summary Figure 1: Transpowers committed or proposed projects North Island

Northland Regional Projects New STATCOM at Marsden New grid exit point at Wairau Road Auckland Regional Projects New 220 kV connection between Pakuranga and Penrose New cross harbour 220 kV connection between Penrose and Albany New grid exit point at Hobson Street New STATCOM at Penrose Waikato Regional Projects New grid exit point at Piako

Bay of Plenty Regional Projects Bay of Plenty Interconnection Upgrade including: converting the Kaitimako to Tarukenga circuits to 220 kV Taranaki Regional Projects Replacement conductor on the 110 kV StratfordWanganui transmission line Replacement conductor on the 110 kV OpunakeStratford transmission line installing 220 kV interconnecting transformers at Kaitimako Kawerau 220/110 kV transformer T12 replacement Tarukenga interconnecting transformer replacement

Wellington Regional Projects Replacement supply transformers at Masterton

North Island Grid Backbone Projects North Island Grid Upgrade Project construct a new substation at Whakamaru (Whakamaru B) and a transition station at Brownhill new 220/400 kV double circuit transmission line (partially underground cables) from Whakamaru to Pakuranga New 220 kV WairakeiWhakamaru C transmission line National Auto-Synchronisation Points Project BunnythorpeHaywards 220 kV A and B line conductor replacement

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.

Executive Summary

Summary Figure 2: Transpowers committed or proposed projects South Island

Nelson-Marlborough projects Replacement supply transformers at Stoke

Canterbury projects A third 220/66 kV interconnecting transformer at Bromley

Otago-Southland Regional Projects Lower South Island Reliability Project including: new 220/110 kV interconnection at Gore and 220 kV line connecting Gore to the North MakarewaThree Mile Hill line replacement transformers at Roxburgh and Invercargill new capacitors at Balclutha series compensation at Three Mile Hill

South Island Grid Backbone Projects CluthaUpper Waitaki Lines Project HVDC Grid Backbone Projects HVDC Pole 3 Project HVDC control system replacement

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2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.

Executive Summary

Feedback
We will be using this document as a basis for discussions with our customers and other stakeholders by way of regional forums and other meetings. Feedback received will be used to improve subsequent releases of the Annual Planning Report. If you are unable to attend a regional forum in your area, but have feedback on how this document might be improved, please address to:

Grid Development Transpower New Zealand Ltd PO Box 1021 Wellington gridinvestmentprojects@transpower.co.nz

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.

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Executive Summary

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2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.

Table of contents

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Table of Contents

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................11 FACILITATING NEW ZEALANDS ENERGY FUTURE..................................................16 EXISTING NATIONAL GRID ...........................................................................................23 DEMAND ASSUMPTIONS ..............................................................................................31 GENERATION ASSUMPTIONS ......................................................................................35 GRID BACKBONE ...........................................................................................................40 NORTHLAND REGIONAL PLAN ....................................................................................85 AUCKLAND REGIONAL PLAN ....................................................................................106 WAIKATO REGIONAL PLAN ........................................................................................127 BAY OF PLENTY REGIONAL PLAN ............................................................................149 CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND REGIONAL PLAN ...........................................................172 TARANAKI REGIONAL PLAN ......................................................................................188 HAWKES BAY REGIONAL PLAN ...............................................................................203 WELLINGTON REGIONAL PLAN .................................................................................219 NELSON-MARLBOROUGH REGIONAL PLAN ...........................................................237 WEST COAST REGIONAL PLAN .................................................................................249 CANTERBURY REGIONAL PLAN ................................................................................261 SOUTH CANTERBURY REGIONAL PLAN ..................................................................276 OTAGO-SOUTHLAND REGIONAL PLAN ....................................................................294 GRID RELIABILITY REPORT .................................................................314 GRID ECONOMIC INVESTMENT REPORT ...........................................346 FAULT LEVELS.......................................................................................348 PROJECT CALENDAR ...........................................................................362 TRANSPOWERS INVESTMENT APPROVALS PROCESS (IAP) ........372 GRID SUPPORT CONTRACTS ..............................................................374 GENERATION SCENARIOS ...................................................................379 TRANSPOWER PROJECT NAMING .....................................................393 GLOSSARY .............................................................................................395 GRID EXIT AND INJECTION POINTS ....................................................400

APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F APPENDIX G APPENDIX H APPENDIX I APPENDIX J

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: Introduction

Introduction
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Purpose of the Annual Planning Report The regulatory framework and the APRs context The planning approach Project classification Project references Cost bands

Transpower owns, maintains, operates and develops New Zealands high voltage transmission network (the National Grid). The Annual Planning Report (APR) provides details of potential transmission investment over the next 15 years. This includes: the forecast of demand and generation at each grid exit point and grid injection point, respectively, over the next 15 years information about the existing transmission network anticipated system constraints and issues over the next 15 years a summary of potential transmission investment to alleviate the anticipated system constraints and issues, and other issues impacting on transmission investment. The information in this APR is based on the New Zealand transmission network as at 28 February 2012.

1.1

Purpose of the Annual Planning Report


We produce the APR to: provide an indication of the National Grids ability to meet forecast demand and generation development over the next 15 years communicate the potential transmission investment required to alleviate anticipated system constraints and issues to industry regulators and interested parties provide transparency in terms of the current transmission network development options, and encourage an efficient investment market via the timely disclosure of grid development options. This APR is based on a full assessment of the forecast transmission issues, and represents our view of how the National Grid can be developed over the next 15 years in order to provide both reliability of supply and a competitive electricity market. To achieve this, the APR: presents a grid development plan, which includes possible transmission 4 investments based on preliminary assessments only - detailed analysis occurs when preparing a Major Capex Proposal (MCP) (see Appendix E for more information), and aims to provide information to enable interested parties to: understand the transmission networks ability to supply their needs provide input into our transmission network development plans

This plan does not imply that we have formed a view about a particular transmission investment, or that a transmission (versus a transmission alternative) investment is the most efficient solution.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

identify and evaluate alternative transmission network investments identify potentially preferred locations for connecting significant load (e.g. heavy industry) identify locations that may benefit from demand-side initiatives, and analyse proposed generation investments, such as preferred locations and the ability of the transmission network to accommodate the proposed generation. This document is produced for the purposes specified above. Any associated cost information represents a high level and provisional estimate only and therefore should not form the basis for investment decisions. Interested parties should confirm the adequacy of these cost estimates for themselves, or contact us for more detailed information. 1.1.1 Document overview In this APR: Chapter 2 Facilitating New Zealands Energy Future provides a high-level description of our long term goal and the challenges in meeting it. Chapter 3 Existing National Grid provides a description of the National Grids existing configuration, including recently completed projects. Chapter 4 Demand Assumptions provides a high-level description of our demand forecast approach and the various demand forecasts it has developed. Chapter 5 Generation Assumptions describes the development and selection of our generation scenarios. Chapter 6 Grid Backbone discusses the grid backbones ability to accommodate the forecast demand. Chapters 7 - 19 Regional Plans describe the specific plan for each regions transmission network. Appendices A to J contain supporting information including the Grid Reliability Report (Appendix A) and Grid Economic Investment Report (Appendix B). Each regional plan also provides an overview of the existing regional transmission network and any anticipated security issues.

1.2

The regulatory framework and the APRs context


Under Part 12 of the Electricity Industry Participation Code, we are required to publish: a Grid Reliability Report (GRR), which sets out 10-year forecasts of demand at grid exit points and generation at grid injection points, and whether the National Grid can be reasonably expected to meet (n-1) security requirements, and a Grid Economic Investment Report (GEIR), which identifies economic investments that Transpower considers could be made in respect of the interconnection assets. The Annual Planning Report (APR) includes both the GRR and GEIR.

1.2.1

The APRs context As owner, operator and planner of the National Grid, we publish the APR annually to assist all market participants understand the extent of potential transmission investment requirements well before their inclusion in a formal Major Capex Proposal (MCP) and submission to the Commerce Commission for approval. A summary of the GRR information can be found in Appendix A. A summary of the GEIR information can be found in Appendix B.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Major Capex Proposals Investment proposals that are expected to cost more than $5 million must be submitted to the Commerce Commission as a Major Capex Proposal. This process replaces the previous approval process whereby we submitted Grid Upgrade Plans to the Electricity Commission. System Security Forecast (SSF) As the System Operator, we also publish the SSF. The SSF assesses the National Grids capability to meet demand as required under Part 7 of the Code, and generally covers a shorter term and operational focus. The latest SSF is available from our 5 System Operator website. Transmission Code We have recently published our Transmission Code which codifies more transparently a set of technical planning requirements that we will apply to ensure the National Grid remains resilient and fit for purpose, and consistent with good industry practice. More information on the Transmission Code can be found on our Grid New 6 Zealand website.

1.3

The planning approach


Our long-term strategic view is outlined in Chapter 2 Facilitating New Zealands Energy Future. Planning is framed by the long-term view to ensure the appropriate selection of investment for the maintenance of a reliable and secure electricity supply, under a range of system and environmental conditions.

1.4

Project classification
The APR refers to a large number of transmission and generation projects both potential and under way. This section explains how we present projects in the APR in the context of their state of completion, regulatory status, identification references and costs.

1.4.1

State of completion We classify transmission network development projects by their state of completion. Table 1-1 lists the completion states by project type and definition.
Table 1-1: State of completion classifications
Status Completed Committed Definition Projects that have recently been completed and are commissioned and operating. Projects that are currently underway for which either: the investment has obtained regulatory approval, or Transpower has entered into a new investment contract with a specific customer or customers. Proposed Projects that Transpower has proposed, either: to the Commission via a Major Capex Proposal, or as part of our Base Capex funding, or to specific customer or customers for their agreement. Preferred Possible Projects for which Transpower has undertaken detailed analysis and identified a preferred transmission or non-transmission solution. Projects identified as possible options for future grid upgrade, subject to further

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http://www.systemoperator.co.nz/publications#cs-85812 http://www.gridnewzealand.co.nz/transmission-code

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Status Base Capex

Definition analysis. Development projects forecast to cost less than $5 million, or projects that are replacement or refurbishment on existing assets. These proposed projects are funded under approved Base Capex allowance. Descriptions of issues that are likely to be managed operationally or by customer driven investment. Specific projects are not formulated either because it is too early to do so, or because alternative low-cost options are evident.

Information only

1.4.2

Investment purpose We classify transmission network development projects by their investment purpose, consistent with our capital expenditure regulatory framework, the Capital Expenditure Input Methodology (Capex IM). Table 1-2 lists the development project classifications.
Table 1-2: Regulatory investment type
Investment purpose To meet Grid Reliability Standard (core grid/not core grid) Definition The Grid Reliability Standard (GRS) is an n-1 standard for assets listed on the Core Grid (Schedule 12.3 of Electricity Industry Participation Code). For all other assets, the GRS is an economic standard which must demonstrate the proposed investment returns benefits greater than the forecast cost of the investment. Projects that must demonstrate market benefits greater than costs. Enhancement projects on assets specific to a customer or group of customers which are agreed and paid for under a new investment contract between Transpower and the customer/group of customers. Projects that are less than $5 million and are not Customer-specific. Replacement projects on assets driven by condition assessment.

To provide net market benefit Customer-specific

Minor enhancement Replacement

All investments greater than $5 million are subject to the Investment Test of the Capex Input Methodology. Base Capex investments greater than $20 million (replacements) must also be based on economic analysis which is consistent with the Investment Test. 1.4.3 Generation proposals Table 1-3 summarises the generation proposal classifications used throughout the APR.
Table 1-3: Generation proposals classifications
Status Committed Definition Projects for which: land for the project has been acquired resource consents have been obtained, and business approval has been obtained. Likely to proceed Projects for which the following are under way or close to being obtained: procuring land for the project application for resource consent, and business approval. Consideration in APR The project will be: considered explicitly in Transpowers assessment of transmission issues and development options, and described in the main body of the text.

The project will be considered as: part of the generation scenarios described in Chapter 5, or a sensitivity assessment, if it does not fit within any of the generation scenarios described in Chapter 5. In this case, the APR will describe the project in a separate section under the regional plans, including its possible impact on the transmission network and development

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Status Possible

Definition Projects for which the following are in their initial stages or have yet to commence: procuring land for the project application for resource consent, and business approval.

Consideration in APR status. Considered as part of the generation scenarios described in Chapter 5.

1.5

Project references
We apply a unique project reference for each provisional, preferred, proposed or committed project. These references, which feed through our planning, design, build and maintenance operations, should be used when requesting further information from us about any specific project. See Appendix H for more information about how these codes are determined and interpreted.

1.6

Cost bands
Where investment is required to resolve identified issues, an indicative cost has been developed. The indicative costs represent the expected cost (in 2012 dollars) to fully implement the indicated solution, and include a contingency allowance of 25%, (excluding any property costs that may be required - unless specifically stated). Property costs have not generally been included because of the uncertainties involved, but for some projects the property costs can significantly impact the overall cost. Table 1-4 lists the indicative cost bands for transmission network development, reflecting the fact that these are broad estimates only (rather than inaccurate actual dollar figures).
Table 1-4: Indicative cost bands
Identifier A B C D E F G Indicative cost band Up to $5 million $5 - $10 million $10 - $20 million $20 - $50 million $50 - $100 million $100 - $300 million $300 million plus

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Chapter 2: Facilitating New Zealands Energy Future

Facilitating New Zealands Energy Future


2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Introduction Transmission Tomorrow a progress report Generation and grid compatibility When do we invest?

2.1

Introduction
The transmission network is central to the delivery of least cost electricity to New Zealands homes and industry. The transmission network enables the economic dispatch of least cost electricity through the electricity market from diverse generation sources. The transmission network also enables a greater range of ancillary services such as frequency keeping, spinning reserve and interruptible load to provide the support needed to keep the network secure. The requirements placed on the transmission network evolve over time. The assets and operation of the power system of the 1950s is different to today. The requirements of the transmission grid will continue to evolve in ways that we can not foresee today: the historic link between load growth and GDP may be changing, creating uncertainty over how much electricity use will grow; the nature of demand for electricity will change, particularly the shape of the demand curve on a daily and annual basis; how and where electricity is generated will change, both to replace retiring generation and to meet load growth; and; new technologies will change how electricity is generated, transmitted and used. We are investing in long-term strategies, platforms and technologies to guide and inform our transmission planning. The future is inherently uncertain. Our planning must reflect this and position us to be able to meet all possible eventualities. This will allow us to make best use of our existing assets and provide better options when new assets are needed. This will reduce the cost and footprint of the grid for future generations while providing a grid that is fit for purpose. In early 2011, we launched Transmission Tomorrow, which describes the strategies, platforms and technology we use now and will require in the future. Where relevant to the Annual Planning Report, their effect is reflected in Chapter 6 for the grid backbone and Chapters 7-19 for the regional grids. In this chapter: Section 2.2 is a progress report on Transmission Tomorrow Section 2.3 describes emerging and potentially significant interactions between generation technology and the grid. Section 2.4 concludes with when we invest.

2.2

Transmission Tomorrow a progress report


Since releasing Transmission Tomorrow, we have made progress on the strategic initiatives. Several initiatives are summarised below.

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Chapter 3: Facilitating New Zealands Energy Future

2.2.1

Variable line ratings - operating assets to ratings The initiative Most of our transmission lines are operated to pre-calculated, seasonal ratings. Pre-calculated ratings are design ratings which reflect a least favourable combination of operating conditions (such as ambient temperature and wind) for that season. If the ambient conditions at a point in time are more favourable than assumed for the design ratings, then transmission lines can carry more power than the design rating. In November 2011 (a month ahead of schedule), we implemented interim variable line ratings (iVLR) on six transmission circuits. The use of iVLR provides the circuits with up to 84 different ratings at different times of day and month in the year. The ambient conditions are determined for a 500 metre grid along the line using historic weather data from NIWA. The ratings are then determined from the maximum design operating conditions and line ground clearances measured from aerial laser surveys. iVLR provides an average capacity gain for each circuit of between 8% and 16%. The trial is expected to continue for at least two years, with the experience helping to frame the rollout of variable line ratings across the entire transmission network. We expect to roll out variable line ratings for all lines in conjunction with the next major upgrade of the System Operators software tools, within the planning period. The ambient conditions used to calculate these ratings will be based on shorter periods and actual regional data and forecasts. Operating experience The following circuits presently have VLR applied: ClydeRoxburgh 1 and 2 part of the 220 kV grid in the Otago-Southland area WairakeiOhakuri and AtiamuriOhakuri part of the 220 kV Wairakei Ring northwest of Taupo, and OtahuhuWhakamaru 1 and 2 part of the 220 kV grid into Auckland. VLR assists in management of the low hydro generation in the Otago-Southland area by increasing the average transmission capacity from the Waitaki Valley to the OtagoSouthland area during the time before the capacity of the ClydeRoxburgh 1 and 2 circuits is increased through the installation of duplex conductors. The Wairakei Ring area has significant hydro and geothermal generation, with more geothermal generation under construction or planned. VLR allows more flexible dispatch of generation with the existing transmission system, applying downward pressure on energy prices. There is an approved project to increase transmission capacity by building a higher capacity transmission line in the Wairakei ring. VLR on the WairakeiOhakuri and AtiamuriOhakuri circuits will enable additional capacity and better utilisation of these existing lines. VLR will also further increase the overall transmission capacity through the Wairakei ring. VLR on the OtahuhuWhakamaru 1 and 2 circuits is primarily intended to provide increased transmission capacity during maintenance outages of other 220 kV circuits supplying Auckland. Planning experience VLR also requires a change in transmission line rating methodology. The change in rating methodology increases the average capacity of a transmission circuit, but may also decrease the rating of some circuits for certain periods during the day and times of the year. The new rating methodology is yet to be applied to transimission circuits that are not part of our iVLR work.

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Chapter 2: Facilitating New Zealands Energy Future

The future full adoption of VLR is not expected to be an issue for the grid backbone, as most circuits gain capacity and the effects of any decrease will be limited to changes in generation dispatch. VLR may reduce the capacity at certain times of some radial circuits which supply load. Typically, VLR will increase capacity during winter morning and evening peaks, deferring investment to meet those peaks. However, in some cases, the circuit rating may decrease during summer mornings when air temperatures and solar radiation are higher and wind speeds are lower. This could bring forward the the need for investment in transmission or non-transmission options to securely supply the load. 2.2.2 Demand-side response enabling consumer response The initiative Demand-side response is a framework where loads can be reduced (either individually or as part of an aggregated group) to the extent and times required by the grid. The magnitude and duration of any load reduction is to pre-agreed contractual terms. Wide adoption of demand-side response will reduce growth in transmission peaks, delaying the need for transmission upgrades. It may also be very useful to manage outages for maintenance, either maintaining security during the outage or avoiding the need for additional investment to allow maintenance outages. Progress to date Upper South Island distribution companies worked with us to collaboratively manage regional demand to reduce system peaks. This initiative has reduced the peak demand in the region by 3 percent, deferring the need for grid upgrades by at least two years. As part of the Upper North Island Reactive Support Project (see Section 6.4.1) we issued a Request For Proposals for demand-side response. The proposals received were all uneconomic, which was an unexpected result. Part of the problem was the contractual framework and the platform to implement demand-side response. For demand-side response to be effective and economic, it needs to be established as a sustained programme and not as a reactive just-in-time measure. Requiring proponents to provide adequate and verifiable demand-side response within a condensed timeframe and for relatively short contract periods results in prices being driven upwards. To support the development of demand-side response in New Zealand, we are currently developing a Demand Response Management pilot system, which is planned to be ready for testing in July 2012. Along with a common customer interface, it will assist in the calling and coordination of demand-side response. While initially for the Upper North Island, the technology provides for a platform from which we can support and enable future demand-side initiatives in all parts of New Zealand. 2.2.3 Corridor management of transmission routes secure long term access to transmission routes The initiative National and local policy-makers recognise the need to plan long-term for 7 infrastructure . Local authorities are now considering utility corridors in their long-term plans. This provides a mechanism by which transmission line corridors can be managed so that only compatible developments are built under and adjacent to
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The 2008 introduction of the National Policy Statement on Electricity Transmission (NPSET) provides increased protection against activities incompatible with transmission lines, such as underbuild.

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Chapter 3: Facilitating New Zealands Energy Future

existing transmission lines. This will preserve our ability to operate, maintain and 8 upgrade our transmission lines , which are irreplaceable assets. Progress to date As indicated in Transmission Tomorrow, we are developing a companion document for the APR that sets out our long term corridor management strategy for transmission line routes. We focussed our efforts initially on the Auckland region to coincide with our involvement in the development of the Auckland Councils spatial plan. We will publish the first edition of the companion document later this year. 2.2.4 Voltage support - maximising capability of transmission routes The initiative On longer circuits, the full thermal capability of transmission lines cannot be used due to voltage issues. Using reactive compensation to address voltage issues allows lines to operate closer to their thermal rating. Voltage stability is a significant issue for the Upper North Island and the Upper South Island (refer to Section 6.4.1 and Section 6.6.1 respectively). To address the voltage issues we have static reactive support from switched capacitors and dynamic reactive support from devices such as synchronous condensers, static var compensators (SVCs) and STATCOMS at several substations within an area. Coordinating the reactive devices is not straight forward and must be managed carefully and safely. This requires automatic control via area wide reactive power controllers (RPCs). Progress to date Late last year, we commissioned our first area wide RPC, for the Christchurch area. We will also commission a similar area wide RPC for the Auckland area in 2014. This will help the system operator to better manage area wide voltage, eliminating the need for manual switching and thus enabling greater use of reactive compensation and higher loading on lines. 2.2.5 Other initiatives Resilience of the grid Grid reliability is inherent in much of what we do; however, maintaining and improving resilience in a more highly loaded grid requires special attention, especially for High Impact Low Probability (HILP) events. Initiatives in the last year which increase the resilience of the grid include the following: The protection and control systems at Penrose substation in Auckland are being separated into two different buildings to guard against the loss of all systems at this critical site. This is a low cost improvement as it is being done in conjunction with work required as part of the North Auckland and Northland (NAaN) project. An investigation is presently underway to improve security of the Wilton 110 kV bus. This bus is the hub for the supply to Wellington city. The investigation is being done in conjunction with the need to modify the bus to allow easier and safer maintenance and equipment replacement due to condition assessment. A HILP study was completed for Islington substation, which is a critical node for supply to the Upper South Island. The study highlighted cost effective investments which improve the resilence of the transmission network to HILP events. These improvements will be included in the Upper South Island Stability
8

About 95% of our line corridors are controlled by the Electricity Act 1992 Part 3. About 5% of our new line corridors are controlled by ownership or easements by Transpower.

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Chapter 2: Facilitating New Zealands Energy Future

major capital proposal (anticipated to be submitted to the Commerce Commission around June this year). Single phase transformer replacement We have a long term transformer fleet replacement programme to improve asset performance. We will replace approximately 25 single phase interconnecting bank and supply transformers with modern three phase transformers over a three-year period from July 2012 to June 2015. This renewal programme will result in a more reliable grid, requiring fewer and shorter outages for maintenance and with fewer faults. The replacement transformers will have higher ratings where capacity issues are identified as part of the APR process. Integrating generation and transmission As part of replacing HVDC Pole 1 with the new Pole 3 project, the HVDC controls will also be replaced, which allows greater functionality and flexibility. For example, at present there are separate frequency keeping and reserve markets in the North and South Islands. The replacement HVDC controls will allow a single market. The new HVDC controls will also enable automatic controls to be added as required in future. For example, this could be to continuously balance North Island wind generation with South Island hydro, or automatically adjusting HVDC transfer in response to outages in the North or South Islands (to the extent that the other island can absorb the change). To make full use of the increased HVDC functionality may also require development of the System Operators tools, or rule changes for provision of ancillary services. The HVDC is a clear example of how the rest of the grid may develop. It uses modern power technology and controls, a market framework, advanced analysis, and sophisticated software tools for the System Operator to maximise the benefit of the electricity system.

2.3

Generation and grid compatibility


Transmission Tomorrow looks forward at how transmission services must develop and Transpowers role in achieving this. Generation development also has an important role, and this section highlights items that may be significant in future as the generation technology and generation mix change. There are good reasons why generation technology and the generation mix are changing. They may require changes to how the the generation is integrated into the power system and how it is operated. This is business as usual, as New Zealand has a long history of integrating and managing new technologies into the power system. Examples include the original and hybrid upgrade of the HVDC link, the introduction of large thermal generating units (Huntly), the first combined cycle gas turbine (in Taranaki), and the the wind farm at Taurarua.

2.3.1

High voltage fault ride-through New Zealands transmission grid is long and thin, and parts are heavily loaded with high levels of reactive compensation for voltage support. An inherent characteristic of power systems with increasing levels of reactive compensation is the potential for 9 high Transient Over Voltage (TOV) when there is a sudden reduction in load.

TOV is a phenomenon where the voltage jumps to a very high value in the first half cycle following the sudden reduction in load. The natural response from power system dynamics and fast acting controls then rapidly decreases the TOV to merely a high value over approximately 25 cycles.

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Chapter 3: Facilitating New Zealands Energy Future

High TOV can cause generating units to trip to protect themselves from damage. The tripping of the HVDC link can cause high TOV in the lower North Island (up to Bunnythorpe and Stratford substations, and other substations in the area) which can cause regional generation to trip. This has not been a concern in the past as there was relatively little generation in the Wellington region. The connection of wind farms near Wellington and the proposals for more wind farms in Wellington and the Wairarapa make TOV considerations more important for the future. The loss of the HVDC link at high north transfer can result in not only the loss of HVDC transfer but potentially significant generation in the Wellington region. Such a risk is managed through the procurement of sufficient instantaneous reserves to cover the loss of the HVDC link and generation or by reducing HVDC transfer and generation in the Wellington. These measures can have high market costs. High TOV can also be mitigated by investment in transmission assets which will have considerable costs. A more cost effective measure for New Zealand may be to have generation plant located in regions with high TOV being capable of remaining connected during and after the TOV event and providing support during the event to reduce the extent of the high TOV. 2.3.2 Recovery following a fault Faults are a normal and expected part of operating the power system. Generation plays an important part in assisting the power system in recovering from faults. One type of fault is the loss of generation infeed. This could be caused by the loss of a generating unit, a bus with generating units connected, or transmission circuit(s) carrying power from an area with nett generation export to an area of nett load. The immediate effect following the loss of generation infeed is a fall in frequency. Generation that remains connected to the grid has an important role in arresting frequency fall and restoring frequency. The System Operator ensures that there are sufficient instantaneous reserves (IR) (partially loaded generating units and interuptible load) available to halt the fall in frequency caused by loss of certain amounts of generation or transmission infeed. The amount of IR required mainly depends on the size of the largest risk. In the North Island, the largest risk is usually the sudden loss of a large thermal generating unit (up to 400 MW). Other factors such as governor action on generating units and system inertia are also important. Hydro and fossil fuelled generation will automatically use more fuel and increase output during falls in frequency as a result of free governor action. System inertia (the ability of the system to resist or slow down the fall in frequency) affects the amount of reserves required. Falls in frequency following the loss of generation are faster with lower system inertia. Halting the fall then requires more fast acting IR. The changing nature of the generation fleet in the future will affect the amount of required instantaneous reserves: The displacement of large thermal generating units by renewable generation will tend to reduce the size of the risk of a generating unit trip and hence reduce the required IR over time. However, the IR required to cover the tripping of a bus or transmission circuits may not reduce significantly. The largest individual generating units using renewable fuel tend to be smaller compared with the largest generating units which are fossil fuelled (up to about 80 MW (South Island) and 400 MW (North Island)). Increased amounts of renewable generation with less ability to provide support during falls in frequency will increase the need for instantaneous reserves in the future. Geothermal, wind and in the future marine energy and photovoltaic cannot increase output as the frequency falls. This is because usually all their fuel input is being used to generate electricity and there is no additional fuel reserve for sustained additional generation to provide instantaneous reserve.

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Chapter 2: Facilitating New Zealands Energy Future

Some forms of renewable generation have less than the hydro or thermal plant which they displace. This reduction in system inertia will increase the need for instantaneous reserves. Wind and other forms of renewable generation could also provide instantaneous reserves if they spill some of their fuel, so an instantaneous increase in generation output is possible (up to the maximum level of fuel input) if required. The fuel spill comes at a cost of decreased efficiency, but this may be more than balanced by the instantaneous reserve costs. Similarly, wind and other forms of renewable generation can provide pseudo interia. This is achieved by allowing the wind turbines to slow down or speed up during changes in power system frequency. It is possible that there will be an economic imperative for wind farms and other renewable generation sources to provide instantaneous reserves and pseudo interia in future. This is especially likely if enough new geothermal and wind farm generating stations are built so that during low load periods most hydro and fossil fuelled power stations are off. 2.3.3 Balancing generation The power system must be continuously operated to balance supply and demand for electrical energy. However, wind and some other forms of renewable generation are intermittent or cannot have their outputs readily controlled. This places extra demands on the real-time operation of the power system, as some overseas utilities are experiencing with wind generation supplying close to all overnight load. One strategy to manage the diverse characteristics of generation is to implement Automatic Generation Control (AGC). AGC, already used outside New Zealand, is a wide-area control to change generation output on a near continuous basis. One use of AGC is to balance the output from variable generation by changing the output from dispatchable generation. It is also expected that more use will be made of demand-side response to balance generation. This will develop as technology advances and markets mature.

2.4

When do we invest?
The underlying principle for transmission investment in New Zealand is that the transmission investment should provide the best net benefit. Transmission Tomorrow identified existing and future drivers, including technology, which may or will shape the grid of the future. These technologies increase the options available for enhancing the grid where necessary. Demand-side response may be particularly useful for reducing the cost of new investment. Many projects are commissioned early to account for the year-to-year variability in peak load growth and the risk of project delays. Demand-side response has the potential to cover this uncertainty, allowing new investment to be deferred for a few years. Demand-side response may also be very useful to manage outages for maintenance, either maintaining security during the outage or avoiding the need for additional investment to allow maintenance outages. It is important that we maintain options like using demand-side response to deal with the unexpected. Transmission planning is often said to be about minimising the mistakes from being wrong about the future. Developing our options whether by way of technology, future corridor protection or demand-side initiatives will help ensure that tomorrows consumers will have a fit-for-purpose transmission grid at the least possible cost.

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Chapter 3: Existing National Grid

Existing National Grid


3.1 3.2 Introduction Load and generation

3.1

Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of New Zealands existing National Grid as at 28 February 2012 with respect to load and generation. New Zealands National Grid consists of the: HVAC transmission network, and an inter-island HVDC link.

3.1.1

The AC transmission network New Zealands HVAC transmission network supplies most of the major load centres, and consists of a grid backbone of 220 kV transmission lines stretching nearly the full length of each island. There is also a network of 110 kV lines that run roughly parallel to the 220 kV system. The 110 kV system was the original grid backbone, largely superseded by the introduction of the 220 kV grid from the 1950s onwards. The 110 kV system is now primarily used for transmission to some regions that do not have 220 kV, or for subtransmission to substations within a region. Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 show maps of the transmission network for both the North and South Islands.

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Chapter 3: Existing National Grid

Figure 3-1: New Zealands North Island transmission network

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Chapter 3: Existing National Grid

Figure 3-2: New Zealands South Island transmission network

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Chapter 3: Existing National Grid

3.1.2

The HVDC Link The HVDC link connects the North and South Island transmission networks. This bi-directional link runs from Benmore, in the South Island, where there is an AC/DC converter station. There is a 534 km transmission line between Benmore and Fighting Bay (Marlborough), a 40 km submarine cable between Fighting Bay and Oteranga Bay across the Cook Strait, and a further 37 km transmission line into Haywards substation north of Wellington. At Haywards substation, there is another AC/DC converter station. HVDC power flow is predominantly from the South Island to the North Island. Power flow is from north to south when it is necessary to conserve South Island hydro resources as part of an efficient generation process, or to supply South Island demand during dry South Island periods. The HVDC link now consists of one permanently operating pole: Pole 2 (commissioned in 1991) operating at 350 kV, which uses thyristor conversion technology. An older technology (mercury arc valve) pole (Pole 1), operating at 270 kV, was stood down in September 2007, with half being totally decommissioned, 10 and the remaining half pole to operate on a limited basis. We are also mid-way through construction of a $672 million project to replace Pole 1 by 2012 with a new pole (the HVDC Inter-island Link Project). Table 3-1 lists the pole capacities for converting power from AC to DC and from DC to AC for both poles. Total pole capacity equates to the total capacity of the link.
Table 3-1: Converter ratings and pole capacities
Pole Pole 1 (half pole) Pole 2 Commissioned 1965 1991 Converter type Mercury arc valves Thyristor valves Transmission capacity 270 MW1 700 MW2 970 MW Operation Available for limited peak operation only Full

Total possible transmission capacity Notes: 1. 2.

In December 2007, Transpower announced it would decommission half of Pole 1, after standing down the full Pole 1 in September 2007. In November 2007, Transpower reconfigured the three operational undersea cables of the HVDC link to increase the capacity of the south to north transfer of Pole 2 to 700 MW.

3.1.3

Transmission network asset profile Table 3-2 provides a summary of the transmission networks assets.
Table 3-2: Transmission network assets
Asset description Length of HVAC and HVDC transmission line Number of substations (including HVDC) HVAC transmission line voltages HVDC transmission line voltages HVDC link capacity Detail 11,730 route km 178 220, 110, 66, 50 kV 350, 270 kV 700 MW1

10

The remaining half of Pole 1 is available under limited conditions: for normal operation, in response to Grid emergencies, and for testing. The conditions include north transfer between 130 MW and 200 MW, with automatic controls unavailable (except frequency modulation). Other conditions include a limit on the number of starts, minimum operating time per start and cumulative operating time.

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Chapter 3: Existing National Grid

Asset description Capacitor banks Transformers (banks) Synchronous condensers Static Var Compensators/STATCOMS Notes: 1.

Detail 69 360 10 4

Pole 1 was stood down from operation in September 2007. One half of this Pole will be made available for limited use to supply peak load periods. Approximately 270 MW additional will be made available by this action.

3.1.4

Recently completed transmission upgrade projects Table 3-3 lists the transmission upgrade projects completed since the last Annual Planning Report (31 March 2011).
Table 3-3: Projects completed since the 2011 Annual Planning Report
Project name Islington reactive power controller North Island Grid Upgrade project: convert the existing 110 kV Pakuranga substation to 220 kV convert the existing 110 kV OtahuhuPakuranga line to 220 kV Pakuranga 220/33 kV supply transformer Bombay 110 kV bus security upgrade Redclyffe 110 kV bus security upgrade West Coast Grid Upgrade project: InangahuaReefton 2 circuit extension to Dobson Dobson interconnecting transformer Woodville supply transformer replacement and a second supply transformer Waverley supply transformer replacement 110 kV HaweraStratford reconductoring 110 kV WanganuiWaverley reconductoring

Table 3-4 lists the transmission upgrade projects that have commenced but are not yet commissioned.
Table 3-4: Projects commenced (not yet commissioned)
Project name North Island Grid Upgrade project new 220/400 kV double circuit transmission line (partially underground cables) from Whakamaru to Pakuranga Bay of Plenty Interconnection Upgrade project including: New 220/110 kV transformers at Kaitimako Converting the HairiniTarukenga line to 220 kV operation 110 kV HaweraWaverley reconductoring North Auckland and Northland grid upgrade project including: new 220 kV underground cable between Pakuranga and Penrose new 220 kV underground cable between Penrose and Albany Replacement of 220 kV WairakeiWhakamaru transmission line HVDC Pole 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Upper North Island Dynamic Reactive Support Project 2012 2014 2013-14 2013 2013 2013 2012 2012 2012 Expected completion date 2012

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Chapter 3: Existing National Grid

Project name Lower South Island Reliability Project CluthaUpper Waitaki Lines Project
1

Expected completion date 2012-17 2013-TBC 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014

Masterton supply transformer replacement Tarukenga interconnecting transformer replacement A third 220/66 kV transformer at Bromley OpunakeStratford A reconductoring New grid exit point at Piako New grid exit point at Hobson Street New grid exit point at Wairau Road Stoke supply transformer replacement Notes 1. Some components of this project will be subject to review by June 2013

3.2

Load and generation


New Zealands transmission network is regarded as narrow and longitudinal, with areas of demand (load) commonly some distance from the areas of significant generation. Consequently, the transmission network is essential in complementing generation to bring the power to where it is needed. A particular feature of the National Grid, and a key benefit for a sustainable New Zealand, is its ability to provide New Zealanders with access to renewable generation. Typically, the remote areas of generation connected by the National Grid are renewable (e.g. hydro in the Waitaki Valley, wind in the Tararuas, and hydro and geothermal in the Central North Island). Figure 3-3 shows a simplified map of load, generation, and the transmission networks grid backbone. For more information see Chapter 4 for the demand assumptions, Chapter 5 for the generation assumptions and Chapter 6 for the transmission backbone.

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Chapter 3: Existing National Grid

Figure 3-3: Load, Generation and the Grid Backbone

Many of New Zealands larger population centres are located in the North Island, while a significant amount of hydro generation is located in the South Island. Power flow tends to be from south to north during normal rainfall years, delivering power from the hydro generation in the South Island to the North Island through the HVDC link, which also balances demand between the islands. North to south transfers have been occurring for longer periods in recent years. They occur more frequently during dry years where hydro generators in the South Island try to conserve water. Figure 3-4 shows New Zealands electricity demand as seen at grid exit points (i.e. this includes distribution network losses but not demand supplied by generation embedded within these networks). Demand has been flat over the last 7 years particularly when compared with the strong growth seen in earlier decades. In recent years demand has been affected by the ongoing impacts of the global recession, the winter savings campaign in 2007, a reduction in demand at Tiwai Aluminium Smelter in 2008 and the impact of the Christchurch earthquakes.

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Chapter 3: Existing National Grid

Figure 3-4: New Zealand energy use for last seven years

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2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.

Chapter 4: Demand Assumptions

Demand assumptions
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Introduction Energy use versus peak demand Peak demand forecast methodology Comparison with the 2010 and 2011 APR demand forecast

4.1

Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of the grid exit point demand forecasts used in the planning studies for this report. Consideration of the National Grids future adequacy requires a view of future electricity demand. In line with international Good Electricity Industry Practice (GEIP) and to ensure the timely construction of new transmission, we use a prudent demand forecast for our planning. For this publication of the Annual Planning Report we have employed a new approach to derive our forecasts. The new approach takes account of more recent information and builds on the work of the now disestablished Electricity Commission. We consulted on our new approach in May 2011 and relevant discussion and documentation can be found at http://www.gridnewzealand.co.nz/project-inputs. Our prudent peak forecasts can be interpreted as representing a 10% probability of exceedance (POE) forecast for the first 5 years of the forecast period (until 2017). In other words, until 2017 one would expect actual demand to exceed the forecast in one year out of ten. Post 2017 we assume an expected (or mean) rate of growth such that the probability of exceedance increases over time. We consider this is an appropriate basis on which to conduct our planning. Both the Annual Planning Report (APR) and Grid Reliability Report (GRR) require a grid adequacy assessment at the grid exit point level. This is in accordance with Rule 12.76, Part 12 of the Electricity Industry Participation Code, which states: Part 12 Grid reliability reporting 12.76 Transpower to publish grid reliability report 12.76(1) Transpower must publish a grid reliability report setting out: 12.76(1)(a) a forecast of demand at each grid exit point over the next 10 years 12.76(1)(b) a forecast of supply at each grid injection point over the next 10 years 12.76(1)(c) whether the power system is reasonably expected to meet the N-1 criterion, including in particular whether the power system would be in a secure state at each grid exit point, at all times over the next 10 year, and 12.76(1)(d) proposals for addressing any matters identified in accordance with rule 12.76(1)(c). 12.76(2) Transpower must publish a grid reliability report no later than 2 years after the date on which it published the

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Chapter 4: Demand Assumptions

previous grid reliability report, or such other date as determined by the Electricity Authority. 12.76(3) If there is a material change in the forecast demand at a grid exit point or in the forecast supply at a grid injection point in the period to which the most recent grid reliability report relates, Transpower must publish a revised grid reliability report as soon as reasonably practicable after the material change. Appendix A contains the detailed prudent peak load forecasts by region and grid exit point.

4.2

Energy use versus peak demand


The demand for electrical energy in New Zealand varies from month-to-month, dayto-day, and from hour-to-hour. For example, residentially, much more energy is consumed between the hours of 7:00 9:00 am and 5:00 8:00 pm than at other times of the day, due to heavier domestic appliance use. The demand at peak times of the day can be up to twice the lowest demand during the day. Figure 4-1 shows a typical graph (load profile) of daily energy use.
Figure 4-1: Typical pattern of daily energy use
Typical Daily Load Profile

MW 00:00

01:00

02:00

03:00

04:00

05:00

06:00

07:00

08:00

09:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

Time of Day

Because electricity cannot be stored practically in the quantities required, meeting electricity demand means having sufficient capacity in the electricity supply system (generation, transmission and distribution) to meet the highest (peak) demand. Peak demand is expressed in instantaneous MW, whereas energy is described as consumption over time, in MWh. Transmission planning requires an analysis of the transmission networks adequacy in terms of meeting a forecast of peak demand, rather than energy.

4.3

Peak demand forecast methodology


Our new approach to demand forecasting uses both top-down modelling of national and regional peak and energy demand, and bottom-up modelling of grid exit point

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23:00

Chapter 4: Demand Assumptions

peak demand. The top-down models employ a suite of models and use Monte Carlo techniques to randomly vary components of the models to assess the variability that can be expected in future peak demand. More details are available at http://www.gridnewzealand.co.nz/project-inputs. At grid exit point level we have employed simpler regression techniques on historical grid exit point demand data to project expected and prudent peaks. We have also sought customer views on grid exit point demand and in many cases modified our forecasts to include specific load information from our customers. See the relevant regions chapter for more information about specific amendments (Chapters 7-19). Our forecasting structure also allows us to project each grid exit point contribution to regional and island peak demand. These will typically be less than grid exit point peak demand and are calibrated to sum to the regional and island peak demands produced by our top-down models. 4.3.1 Customer consultation We believe customers are best placed to provide information about future demand in their transmission networks. To this end, we issued a prudent forecast for comment to our customers in August 2011, inviting comments and adjustments where applicable. Around 25 responses were received. Additional comments had been obtained in 2010 during the consultation for the 2011 APR forecast (thirty two responses were received). We have endeavoured, where reasonable and practical, to incorporate this feedback. We are committed to further consultation with customers with regard to our peak load forecasts and we welcome ongoing dialogue on the nature and timing of changes to grid exit point demand.

4.4

Comparison with the 2010 and 2011 APR demand forecast


Figure 4-2 shows a comparison of the 2012 APR peak demand forecasts with those from the previous two years.
Figure 4-2: Comparison of 2012 APR prudent peak demand forecast with two previous APRs

Load (MW) 11,000

New Zealand Prudent Peak Electricity Demand Forecast

10,000

9,000

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000 1995

2000 SOO 2010

2005 APR 2010

2010 APR 2011

2015 APR 2012

2020 Actual

2025

At a national level, the 2012 prudent forecast is significantly lower than the 2011 and 2010 forecasts. Our 2012 forecast starts at a lower level, which mostly results from the lower growth seen from 2006 but is also influenced by changes in our forecast

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Chapter 4: Demand Assumptions

methodology. The forecast now grows at an average rate of 1.7% per annum from 2012 to 2027. The demand seen in recent years has been affected by a range of factors. The first part of 2008 was affected by dry weather, resulting in higher market prices and a conservation campaign, which both reduced demand. In 2009, demand was low compared with 2006 and 2007 due in part to reduced Tiwai production. Later, the financial crisis reduced economic activity affecting commercial/industrial demand. This impact has continued into 2009 and 2010. In 2011, we have seen a higher national peak recorded. This occurred during the unusual polar weather event that affected the whole country in mid-August. Heavy snow fell over much of the country and numerous new August low temperature extremes were observed driving higher household heating demand. At a regional level there are also differences in our prudent forecasts when compared to last year. See the relevant regions chapters for more information.

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Chapter 5: Generation Assumptions

Generation assumptions
5.1 5.2 5.3 Introduction Generation capacity assumptions Use of the generation capacity assumptions

5.1

Introduction
This chapter sets out the planning assumptions used to forecast future electricity generation at each grid injection point. Transpower undertakes grid planning to ensure that: electricity demand is met reliably the generation investment market is efficient for all market participants, and the energy market is competitive for all consumers. As a result, consideration of the National Grids future adequacy requires a view of not only future electricity demand a requirement of both the Annual Planning Report (APR) and the Grid Reliability Report (GRR) but also future electricity generation at each grid injection point. Future generation will comprise a mix of existing generation (adjusted for decommissioning), new committed generation, and other potential generation developments. The uncertainty surrounding future generation requires the consideration of several possible generation scenarios. We have considered five scenarios that are essentially an updated version of the scenarios in the Electricity Commissions 2010 Statement of Opportunities (SOO).

5.2

Generation capacity assumptions


Generation capacity assumptions derive from a combination of: existing grid connected generation, (assumed to be available, at its existing capacity, for the duration of the planning period) committed new generation, (new generation that is assumed to be committed, which is included from its publicly notified commissioning date, at its publicly notified capacity, for the duration of the planning period from commissioning and includes expansions of existing grid-connected generation) committed decommissioned generation, (existing generation that we have been notified will be decommissioned, which is excluded from its publicly notified decommissioning date, for the balance of the planning period), and new generation forecasts, (forecast new generation, which is included from the assumed commissioning date, at assumed capacities, for the duration of the planning period from commissioning. Decommissioning may occur as well).

5.2.1

Existing grid connected generation Table 5-1 lists the operating capacities of existing grid-connected generation. Installed capacities may differ in some cases.

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Chapter 5: Generation Assumptions

Table 5-1: Existing grid-connected generation


Generation plant Region Type Operating capacity in MW 74 380 170 105 28 72 24 78 37 46 51 120 93 90 240 161 140 36 42 60 155 25 70 31 385 200 197 84 1000 385 50 90 360 112 112 51 100 143 11 32 45 220 Grid injection point Glenbrook Otahuhu Southdown Kawerau Kinleith Matahina Rotorua Aratiatia Mangahao Ohaaki Poihipi Rangipo Bunnythorpe Woodville Tokaanu Wairakei Nga Awa Purua Tuai Tuai Tuai Whirinaki Kapuni Hawera Hawera Stratford Stratford Arapuni Atiamuri Huntly Huntly Huntly Karapiro Maraetai Whakamaru Ohakuri Maraetai Whakamaru West Wind Argyle Cobb Coleridge Aviemore

Glenbrook1 Otahuhu B Southdown Kawerau Kinleith Matahina Wheao/Flaxy Aratiatia Mangahao Ohaaki Poihipi Rangipo Tararua III Te Apiti Tokaanu Wairakei Nga Awa Purua Kaitawa Piripaua Tuai Whirinaki Kapuni Kiwi Dairy Patea Taranaki CC Stratford Peaker Arapuni Atiamuri Huntly Huntly e3P Huntly P40 Karapiro Maraetai Mokai Ohakuri Waipapa Whakamaru West Wind Argyle/Wairau Cobb Coleridge Aviemore
2

Auckland Auckland Auckland Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Central North Island Central North Island Central North Island Central North Island Central North Island Central North Island Central North Island Central North Island Central North Island Central North Island Hawkes Bay Hawkes Bay Hawkes Bay Hawkes Bay Taranaki Taranaki Taranaki Taranaki Taranaki Waikato Waikato Waikato Waikato Waikato Waikato Waikato Waikato Waikato Waikato Waikato Wellington Nelson/Marlborough Nelson/Marlborough Canterbury South Canterbury

Cogen Gas - CCGT Cogen Geothermal Cogen Hydro Hydro Hydro Hydro Geothermal Geothermal Hydro Wind Wind Hydro Geothermal Geothermal Hydro Hydro Hydro Diesel Cogen Cogen Hydro Gas - CCGT Gas - CCGT Hydro Hydro Coal Gas - CCGT Gas - OCGT Hydro Hydro Geothermal Hydro Hydro Hydro Wind Hydro Hydro Hydro Hydro

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Chapter 5: Generation Assumptions

Generation plant

Region

Type

Operating capacity in MW 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 432 840 320 84

Grid injection point Benmore Ohau A Ohau B Ohau C Tekapo A Tekapo B Waitaki Clyde Manapouri Roxburgh Halfway Bush

Benmore Ohau A Ohau B Ohau C Tekapo A Tekapo B Waitaki Clyde Manapouri Roxburgh Waipori3 1. 2. 3.

South Canterbury South Canterbury South Canterbury South Canterbury South Canterbury South Canterbury South Canterbury Otago/Southland Otago/Southland Otago/Southland Otago/Southland

Hydro Hydro Hydro Hydro Hydro Hydro Hydro Hydro Hydro Hydro Hydro

Another 38 MW cogen unit at the location is embedded generation. Tararua stages I and II are both embedded generation. Partly embedded.

5.2.2

Committed new generation Committed projects are those which are reasonably likely to proceed and where the following are satisfied: all necessary resource and construction consents have been obtained construction has commenced, or a firm date set arrangements for securing the required land are in place supply and construction contracts have been executed, and financing arrangements are in place. Table 5-2 lists committed grid-connected generation projects.
Table 5-2: Committed new generation
Generation plant Region Type Operating capacity in MW 100 25 82 166 Grid injection point Motunui Deviation Kawerau Nga Awa Purua Te Mihi

Waitara McKee peaker Kawerau Norske Skog Ngatamariki Te Mihi

Taranaki Bay of Plenty Central North Island Central North Island

Gas-fired OCGT Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal

5.2.3

Decommissioned generation Generation forecasts must also account for decommissioned generation. There has been no decommissioning of generation in 2011.

5.2.4

New generation forecasts This years APR uses a new set of scenarios, which are an updated version of the scenarios in the Electricity Commissions 2010 Statement of Opportunities (SOO). What are generation scenarios? Generation scenarios represent possible future generation outcomes, resulting from making specific assumptions about future fuel availability and environmental policy. They enable the assessment of transmission needs.

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Chapter 5: Generation Assumptions

Transpowers scenarios are based on the five generation scenarios in the 2010 SOO: Scenario 1: Sustainable Path Scenario 2: South Island Wind Scenario 3: Medium Renewables Scenario 4: Coal Scenario 5: High Gas Discovery Scenario 1 Sustainable Path New Zealand embarks on a path of sustainable electricity development and sectoral emissions reduction. Major development of renewable generation takes place in both the North and South Islands mainly hydro, geothermal, and wind, but tidal and wave energy, solar power and biomass cogeneration also feature. Renewable energy production exceeds 90% of total generation from 2020 onwards. Baseload thermal generation is largely phased out, but new thermal peakers are required. The demand side also has an important role to play in balancing intermittent generation and meeting peak demand. Scenario 2 South Island Wind There is extensive wind and hydro generation development, with a focus on the South Island and lower North Island. Geothermal resources in the central North Island are developed more slowly than in the other scenarios. Renewable energy production exceeds 85% of total generation (on average) from 2020 onwards. Baseload thermal generation is considerably reduced, but there is substantial investment in thermal peaking generation and demand-side participation. Scenario 3 Medium Renewables A middle-of-the-road scenario. There is moderate geothermal and wind development, mainly in the North Island, but little new hydro generation. Baseload thermal generation is considerably reduced, but new thermal peakers are required. The demand side contributes less than in the other scenarios. The NZAS aluminium smelter is progressively phased out between 2022 and 2027 no new generation build is required over the phase-out period. Scenario 4 Coal This is the scenario with the lowest carbon prices, which makes investment in new coal-fired power stations economic. An efficient new coal-fired power station is commissioned in 2022; a second, burning Southland lignite, in 2025. Most existing baseload thermal generation remains online. There is also some renewable development but some existing hydro schemes have to reduce their output, owing to difficulty in securing water rights. Intermittent generation is supported by thermal peaking generation and demand-side response. Scenario 5 High Gas Discovery Major new gas discoveries keep gas prices low over the entire time horizon. Some existing thermal power stations are replaced by new, more efficient, gas-fired plants. A 200 MW combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) is installed in Taranaki in 2015, a 240 MW CCGT in Northland in 2017, and 400 MW CCGTs in Auckland in 2020 and 2025. New gas-fired peakers and gas cogeneration are also constructed. There is some geothermal and wind development but little new hydro generation. Scenario development approach The Electricity Commissions scenarios from the 2010 SOO were produced using the Generation Expansion Model (GEM), which creates a least cost schedule of new

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Chapter 5: Generation Assumptions

generation capacity required to meet forecast demand. See the Electricity Authoritys 11 website for more information about GEM. The new scenarios described in this document are based on the 2010 SOO scenarios and have been produced using a similar version of GEM with many of the same input assumptions (including capital and maintenance costs, fuel costs and carbon prices). Transpower revised some assumptions to bring the scenarios up to date with current information, and to reflect our views about plausible generation and demand-side development. Key changes include: updating the lists of existing, committed and potential generation using the APR 2012 demand forecast (as described in Chapter 4) relaxing the GEM security constraints (the original constraints tended to produce scenarios with an implausibly high amount of North Island peaking capacity) setting exchange rates to what we would regard as a plausible long-term average reviewing the potential contribution of demand-side alternatives to managing system peaks reviewing the range of possible Huntly decommissioning schedules. GEM data files and code are available on request. The scenarios produced by GEM were manually edited so as to increase the diversity of outcomes in some regions (which is important for assessing the range of possible transmission flows). While we attempted to incorporate the most up to date information about future generation projects, new information is always coming to light. For example, at the time of constructing these scenarios it was understood Meridian Energy were still pursuing resource consents for their Project Hayes wind project, and it was considered plausible that stage 1 of this project could be built by 2017, as in Scenario 2. Since this date Meridian has announced it is withdrawing its application for resource consents such that this now appears very unlikely. While we acknowledge aspects of the scenarios may change we believe the scenarios are still appropriate for identifying issues on the grid that may require further investigation.

5.3
5.3.1

Use of the generation capacity assumptions


Use of generation scenarios in the APR The generation scenarios are used to assess the effect of generation on the National Grid backbone. The generation output is varied to test the transmission capability. Issues that have already been noted are considered again to determine what effect, if any, the forecast generation will have.

5.3.2

Grid Injection Point injection forecast assumptions Grid Injection Point injection forecasts, (required for the GRR), are based on each generators operating capacity. For the purposes of assessing local grid injection point adequacy, we base our assessment on ensuring there is adequate transmission capacity to fully dispatch each generator rather than making assumptions about how much each generator may actually generate in the future.

11

http://www.ea.govt.nz/industry/modelling/in-house-models/gem/

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Grid backbone
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Introduction Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report North Island grid backbone overview North Island grid backbone issues and project options South Island grid backbone overview South Island grid backbone issues and project options HVDC link overview HVDC link issues and project options

6.1

Introduction
This chapter describes the adequacy of New Zealands grid backbone to meet forecast demand and anticipated generation development, approved development plans, and further development options for the next 15 years. The grid backbone (see Chapter 3 for more information) provides the connection between the regions. The regions are described in Chapters 7 to 19. Prudent transmission network planning considers a range of generation scenarios to meet the forecast growth in demand (see Chapters 4 and 5 for more information) to determine the development option and timing for grid upgrades. Transmission needs for the grid backbone are identified after the commissioning of committed projects. The identification of transmission needs is indicative only, based on a limited number of load and generation dispatch scenarios, along with the impact of future new generation scenarios. They indicate the possible need for a fuller investigation within the forecast period, with the timing and scope of the investigation determined by new generation developments and demand growth. The resolving projects to meet the transmission needs are an indicative list only, being possible solutions that will be subject to the Investment Test. They will be developed through the grid planning process as investments to meet the Grid Reliability Standard and/or to provide net market benefit. For the North Island, the existing and possible future grid backbones are described in Section 6.3, with issues and possible grid upgrades described in Section 6.4. For the South Island, the existing and possible future grid backbones are described in Section 6.5, with issues and possible grid upgrades described in Section 6.6. The HVDC link is described in Sections 6.7 and 6.8. The Annual Planning Report (APR) assumed that the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Pole 1 is replaced by Pole 3 in 2012/13.

6.2

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 6-1 lists the specific issues and projects that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 6-1: Changes since 2011
Issues/projects No new issues or projects completed since 2011 Change No change

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

6.3
6.3.1

North Island grid backbone overview


Existing North Island transmission configuration The North Island grid backbone comprises the: 220 kV circuits from Wellington to Auckland located along the Central North Island corridor 220 kV Wairakei Ring circuits (220 kV circuits between Wairakei and Whakamaru) connecting the major hydro and geothermal generation in the Central North Island to the transmission network, and 220 kV circuits from Bunnythorpe to Huntly through Stratford connecting Taranaki generation to the transmission network. Power flows either north or south on the inter-island HVDC link, depending on the time of day or year. During daylight periods and normal rainfall patterns in the South Island, power tends to flow north. In non-peak periods (late evenings and early mornings) and years of low South Island rainfall, power tends to flow south. Figure 6-1 shows a simplified schematic of the existing North Island grid backbone.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Figure 6-1: North Island grid backbone schematic


Otahuhu

Takanini Drury Glenbrook

Huntly

Ohinewai

Hamilton Te Kowhai

Whakamaru Atiamuri Ohakuri

Taumarunui Poihipi Tokaanu Wairakei Rangipo

Tangiwai Stratford Brunswick

Bunnythorpe Linton
KEY
220 kV CIRCUIT 220 kV SUBSTATION BUS GENERATOR CAPACITOR

Haywards Wilton

TEE POINT

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

6.3.2

Future North Island grid backbone Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3 provide an indication of the North Island transmission backbone development in the medium term (the next 15 years), and longer term (beyond 2027), respectively. We are building a new double-circuit transmission link from Whakamaru to Auckland, and a new double-circuit transmission line between Wairakei and Whakamaru. We have submitted an Investment Proposal to the Commerce Commission to replace conductor on the existing 220 kV transmission lines between Bunnythorpe and Haywards. A consequence of the replacement will be to increase capacity on these lines. We will also investigate an increase in transmission capacity north of Bunnythorpe, either through the Central North Island to Whakamaru, and/or through the Taranaki region and a new line to Whakamaru. In the longer term, we may increase the transmission capacity through the North Island by increasing the operating voltage on the new overhead transmission line into Auckland to 400 kV. Ultimately we may build a new transmission line connecting Bunnythorpe, Whakamaru, and Auckland, but this is highly dependent on future load and generation growth, and the viability of alternatives. We will also be looking to provide substation diversity at some critical transmission nodes and strengthen resilience to high impact low probability events. Voltage stability in the Upper North Island is an ongoing issue. We will continue to study the additional reactive support requirements to maintain Upper North Island voltage stability as regional load continues to grow.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Figure 6-2: Indicative North Island grid backbone schematic to 2027


Pakuranga Otahuhu

Takanini Brownhill Drury Glenbrook

* new double circuit transmission line constructed for 400 kV operation but initially operated at 220 kV.

Ohinewai Huntly

Hamilton Te Kowhai

Whakamaru B

Atiamuri Ohakuri Taumarunui Whakamaru A


Te Mihi

Tokaanu

Poihipi Wairakei Rangipo

Stratford Brunswick

Tangiwai

Bunnythorpe Linton
KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS

Haywards Wilton

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Figure 6-3: Longer term indicative North Island grid backbone schematic
Pakuranga Otahuhu
400 kV

Brownhill Takanini Drury Glenbrook


220 kV 400 kV

**
Although this diagram shows a few possible development paths for the future North Island grid backbone transmission system, it is not intended to indicate a preference. Any option will be finalised closer to the date that transmission reinforcement is needed. * Another possible option is a new HVDC link into Auckland. ** New grid exit point(s) south of Otahuhu, possibly: - north of Drury, and/or - at Brownhill Road by extending the 220 kV bus.

**

Ohinewai Huntly
400 kV

Hamilton Te Kowhai

Whakamaru B

Atiamuri Ohakuri Whakamaru A


Te Mihi

Taumarunui

Tokaanu Poihipi Wairakei Rangipo

Stratford Brunswick

Tangiwai

Bunnythorpe
KEY

Linton

NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS

Haywards Wilton

6.4

North Island grid backbone issues and project options


The North Island grid backbone comprises five areas indicated in Figure 6-4. Table 6-2 summarises issues involving the grid backbone for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number in Table 6-2.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Figure 6-4: North Island grid backbone area

Upper North Island area Wairakei Ring area

Taranaki area

Central North Island area

Wellington area

Table 6-2: Grid backbone transmission issues


Section number 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.4.5 6.4.6 Issue Upper North Island voltage stability Transmission capacity into Auckland and Northland Wairakei Ring transmission capacity Taranaki transmission capacity Central North Island transmission capacity Wellington area transmission capacity

6.4.1

Upper North Island voltage stability Overview The Upper North Island covers the geographical area north of Huntly, including Glenbrook, Takanini, Auckland, and the North Isthmus. The transmission capability to supply the Upper North Island load is limited by voltage stability, which in turn is influenced by: generation in Auckland and at Huntly the reactive power losses due to the transmission system within the Upper North Island the reactive power losses due to the transmission system supplying the Upper North Island area, and the reactive power demand due to the composition of the load in the area (in particular the proportion and type of motor load). There are several generator and circuit contingencies that can cause voltage control problems. The worst contingencies include the loss of the:

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Otahuhu combined-cycle gas turbine generator Huntly E3P generator (Unit 5) 220 kV HuntlyOtahuhu 2 circuit, or 220 kV DruryHuntly 1 circuit. The Upper North Island load includes a significant proportion of motor load. The behaviour of this load during and following faults influences the regional transmission voltage performance. During a severe fault, motors will decelerate and some can stall. The motors will then draw large currents which in turn delay the voltage recovery after a fault. We have identified that voltage recovery is most at risk in late summer between mid-January and mid-March, when the greatest amount of motor load is connected. Reactive losses on heavily loaded transmission lines are significant, especially following a circuit tripping when the loading of parallel circuits increases. The Upper North Island has an enduring need for voltage support because of its reliance on long transmission lines from the south for much of its power. Investment is required every two or three years for voltage support in the Upper North Island. Some component of reactive power support in the Auckland region must be dynamic to avoid the need for shunt capacitor switching after a transmission or generator contingency. The dynamic reactive support may be provided by generators, synchronous condensers, static var compensators (SVCs) or static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs). Approved projects Investments in previous years include an SVC at Albany, binary switched capacitors 12 at Kaitaia, ten capacitor banks totalling 600 Mvar at four substations , and a 13 short-term contract for reactive support from condensers at Otahuhu . Six 14 capacitors are, or soon will be, decommissioned based on condition assessment. We have installed power system monitoring equipment to improve our understanding of the Upper North Island power system, specifically load composition and response to transient events. Projects approved in 2010 by the Electricity Commission under Part F of the Electricity Governance Rules include: a STATCOM at Penrose, scheduled for commissioning in 2013 two STATCOMs at Marsden, scheduled for commissioning in 2014 a Reactive Power Controller (RPC) to co-ordinate the various dynamic and static devices in the Upper North Island. This work is scheduled to begin in 2012, for commissioning in 2014/2015, and demand-side participation. We issued a Request For Proposals for demand-side participation, but the proposals received were all uneconomic. This was an unexpected result, and the demand-side participation framework is being further developed to unlock its potential (see Section 2.2 for more information). Other approved projects also have a beneficial effect on voltage stability in the Upper North Island by reducing the reactive power losses in the transmission system.
12

13

14

Capacitors installed in previous years are: Albany 1 x 100 Mvar, Hepburn Road 3 x 50 Mvar, Penrose 4 x 50 Mvar, Otahuhu 2 x 100 Mvar. The condensers belong to Contact Energy, and were once operated as gas turbine generators, The contract for the condensers expires in 2013 and will not be renewed, as it is more economic to install other reactive support such as STATCOMs. Capacitors that are, or soon will be, decommissioned are: Albany 2 x 30 Mvar, Henderson 1 x 30 Mvar, and Otahuhu 3 x 30 Mvar.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

The North Auckland and Northland (NAaN) project that increases the transmission capacity in the Auckland and Northland regions (see Chapter 7, Section 7.8.4 for more information). The North Island Grid Upgrade (NIGU) project that increases the transmission capacity into the Auckland and Northland regions (see Section 6.4.2 for more information). Even with these approved projects, voltage stability will be an ongoing issue. Resolving projects We have commenced an investigation to determine the amount of additional reactive support required to relieve the Upper North Island voltage stability issue beyond the completion of the NAaN and NIGU projects. Additional reactive support will be required about every two-three years. This will be a mixture of capacitors and dynamic support such as STATCOMs. The benefits of advancing series compensation on the new transmission link between Whakamaru and Pakuranga will be evaluated also. The project cost falls within band E. This is a possible investment project to meet the Grid Reliability Standard and we anticipate seeking approval from the Commission in the second half of 2012. 6.4.2 Transmission capacity into Auckland and Northland Overview Power transfer to the Upper North Island is dependent on: the generation from Huntly, and the transmission capacity between Huntly and Otahuhu, and generation from Whakamaru and south of Whakamaru, and the transmission capacity between Whakamaru and Otahuhu. For the existing system, issues that may arise during periods of high demand and low generation in the Auckland area include: an outage of a HuntlyOtahuhu circuit may overload the other HuntlyOtahuhu circuit. an outage of a HuntlyOhinewai circuit may overload the other HuntlyOhinewai circuit. the two 220 kV OtahuhuWhakamaru circuits may overload during a contingency. an outage of the HamiltonWhakamaru circuit may overload the two 110 kV ArapuniHamilton regional circuits. an outage of the HamiltonOhinewai circuit may cause low voltage at the Hamilton 220 kV bus. Approved projects The above issues will be addressed by the North Island Grid Upgrade (NIGU). NIGU includes a number of projects which will: increase the power transfer capacity into Auckland reduce the loading on the existing 220 kV OtahuhuWhakamaru and Huntly Otahuhu circuits, and reduce the reactive support needed in the Upper North Island (see Section 6.4.1).

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

As part of NIGU, we have just completed conversion of the existing 110 kV Pakuranga substation to 220 kV, and the existing OtahuhuPakuranga line from 15 110 kV to 220 kV operation . The remaining NIGU projects include: a new substation, Whakamaru B (near the existing Whakamaru substation) and a transition station at Brownhill a double-circuit overhead transmission line approximately 190 km from Whakamaru B substation to a transition station at Brownhill, which will: initially operate at 220 kV, and be capable of 400 kV operation in future. two 220 kV underground cables from the transition station at Brownhill to Pakuranga substation, rated at 851/890 MVA summer/winter per cable circuit. After the commissioning of the NIGU projects, eight 220 kV circuits from the south will primarily supply the Upper North Island, with three diverse routes, comprising: two circuits from Huntly to Otahuhu (the western path) four circuits from Whakamaru to Otahuhu (the central path), and two circuits from Whakamaru to Pakuranga (the eastern path). There are also two circuits between Huntly and Ohinewai connecting the western and central paths. There is a 220 kV connection between Otahuhu and Pakuranga within the Auckland region. The North Auckland and Northland (NAaN) project makes use of the transmission capacity and diversity provided by Pakuranga to increase the capacity and security within the Auckland and Northland regions (see Chapter 7, Section 7.8.4). The Auckland region is also connected by two smaller 110 kV regional circuits from Arapuni via Hamilton, Bombay, and Wiri to Otahuhu, though their contribution is minor compared to the 220 kV circuits. Figure 6-5 shows the grid backbone circuits supplying the Upper North Island area.

15

The OtahuhuPakuranga line was constructed at 220 kV, but operated initially at 110 kV.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Figure 6-5: 220 kV Upper North Island grid backbone circuits


Otahuhu Pakuranga

Takanini Brownhill Drury Glenbrook

* new double circuit transmission line constructed for 400 kV operation but initially operated at 220 kV.

Ohinewai Huntly Hamilton


Circuit DruryHuntly 1 DruryGlenbrook 1 and 2 DruryTakaniniOtahuhu 1 HuntlyOhinewai 1 and 2 HuntlyTakanini 2 HamiltonOhinewai 1 HamiltonWhakamaru 1 OhinewaiOtahuhu 1 and 2 OhinewaiWhakamaru 1 OtahuhuWhakamaru 1 and 2 OtahuhuTakanini 2 PakurangaWhakamaru North 1 and 2 Summer/Winter rating 694/764 MVA 694/762 MVA 1123/1200 MVA 694/764 MVA 694/764 MVA 615/671 MVA 615/671 MVA 615/671 MVA 615/671 MVA 293/323 MVA 678/724 MVA 851/890 MVA

Whakamaru B

Whakamaru A

The following sections assess the transmission capability of the circuits into the Auckland and Northland regions following the committed NIGU projects. The assessment is based on representative system conditions, to determine how different generation development scenarios interact with the circuits into Auckland and Northland. System condition 1 (normal summers day demand) This system condition tests a low generation scenario in the Auckland and Northland region during a normal demand period: normal summers day load in the North Island (approximately 85% of summer peak load) no thermal generation in Auckland and Northland in service low renewable generation in Auckland and Northland, and medium to high generation elsewhere. The circuits into the Auckland and Northland regions have sufficient capacity during a normal demand period and low generation in the Auckland and Northland regions for the duration of the forecast period. System condition 2 (peak demand) This system condition tests a high demand period in the Auckland and Northland regions along with the outage of the biggest generator: island peak load in the North Island high generation in the North Island the biggest generator in Auckland is out of service, i.e. Otahuhu C or Huntly E3P, and

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

all other thermal generation in Auckland, Northland and Huntly

16

is in service.

Through this it was identified that the Hamilton bus voltage may fall below 0.9 p.u. for the loss of the HamiltonOhinewai circuit towards the end of the forecast period. Impact of generation scenarios The five generation scenarios described in Chapter 5 have the following impacts on the circuits into Auckland and Northland. For system condition 1, all the generation scenarios have minimal impact within the forecast period. For system condition 2, a low Hamilton bus voltage is seen towards the end of the forecast period in generation scenarios 1 (sustainable path) and 2 (South Island wind). This is because compared to the other generation scenarios, a lower amount of generation is commissioned in the Northland, Auckland and Waikato regions in these scenarios. Outages An outage of one of the circuits into Auckland and an outage of the biggest generator in Auckland still maintains n-1 security into Auckland and Northland. Resolving projects We will investigate options to resolve the Hamilton bus voltage issue closer to the time it occurs (see Chapter 9, Section 9.9.2 for more information). Beyond 15 years, the double-circuit line from Whakamaru B to Brownhill will be converted from 220 kV to its construction voltage of 400 kV. This will also require: 220/400 kV transformers and associated works at Whakamaru B substation to interconnect with the existing 220 kV system a switchyard in the vicinity of the transition station at Brownhill with 220/400 kV transformers and associated works 220 kV underground cables to the Otahuhu substation, and extensions to the Otahuhu switchyard(s). 6.4.3 Wairakei Ring transmission capacity Overview The Wairakei Ring circuits: connect the major hydro and geothermal generation stations in the North Island to the grid backbone, and supply the Bay of Plenty region from Atiamuri and Ohakuri. In addition, a new geothermal power station is being built at Te Mihi, and a number of other generation stations which connect directly or indirectly to the Wairakei Ring are in the planning or consent stage. For the existing system, as this generation develops, an outage of one of the Wairakei Ring circuits may begin to constrain north power flows. Specifically, an outage of the: WhakamaruPoihipiWairakei circuit may overload the WairakeiOhakuri Atiamuri circuits
16

At Huntly, all generator units are in service except E3P is placed out of service for the study. In the 5 generation scenarios, there are new generation connected at Huntly and some units are decommissioned. It ranges from 630 MW to 1,295 MW in 2027 across the 5 generation scenarios.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

WairakeiOhakuriAtiamuri circuits may overload the WhakamaruPoihipi Wairakei circuit. Approved projects To address the above issues, we are building a 220 kV double-circuit line between Wairakei and Whakamaru, to replace the existing single-circuit WairakeiWhakamaru B line. The line is scheduled for commissioning in 2013, and will increase the power flow capacity through the Wairakei Ring. Figure 6-6 shows the grid backbone circuits in the Wairakei Ring area after the commissioning of the Wairakei Ring project.
Figure 6-6: 220 kV Wairakei Ring circuits
Whakamaru B
Circuit OhakuriWairakei 1 AtiamuriOhakuri 1 AtiamuriWhakamaru 1 WairakeiWhakamaru 1 WairakeiTe MihiWhakamaru 1 Summer/Winter rating 333/358 MVA 333/358 MVA 333/358 MVA 903/994 MVA 903/994 MVA

Atiamuri Ohakuri

Whakamaru A Te Mihi Poihipi Wairakei

The following sections assess the Wairakei Ring transmission capability following the committed Wairakei to Whakamaru Replacement Line Project. The assessment is based on representative system conditions, to determine how different generation development scenarios interact with the Wairakei Ring. System condition 1 (north flow) This system condition tests power flowing north through the circuits in the Wairakei Ring towards the Upper North Island: island peak load in the North Island high geothermal generation in the Wairakei Ring area medium to high generation (including peakers) elsewhere to balance generation with demand, and HVDC north transfer between 380 MW and, but not exceeding, 1,400 MW. The following issues were identified: The AtiamuriOhakuri and OhakuriWairakei circuits may overload for an outage of either the new Te MihiWhakamaru or WairakeiWhakamaru circuits. High generation at Kawerau and low demand in the Bay of Plenty may cause higher circuit loading on the AtiamuriOhakuri circuit especially during high north flow through the Wairakei Ring circuits. In this scenario, the AtiamuriOhakuri circuit may also overload for an outage of the EdgecumbeKawerau circuit. System condition 2 (south flow) This system condition tests power flowing south through the circuits in the Wairakei Ring towards the Wellington region and the South Island via the HVDC link:

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

low North Island load (approximately 45% of peak load) high geothermal generation in the Wairakei Ring area medium to low generation elsewhere, and HVDC south transfer but not exceeding 950 MW. The Wairakei Ring circuits have sufficient capacity for south power flows for the duration of the forecast period. However, there may be transmission constraints south of the Wairakei Ring (see Section 6.4.5). System condition 3 (east flow) This system condition tests the ability of the Wairakei Ring circuits to supply the Bay of Plenty region during high demand and medium generation in that region: island peak load in North Island high geothermal generation in the Wairakei Ring area medium generation in the Bay of Plenty region with the biggest generator in the region out of service (Kawerau geothermal generator is out of service). medium to high generation (including peakers) elsewhere to balance generation with demand, and HVDC north transfer but not exceeding 1,400 MW. The following circuits may overload for this system condition. The OhakuriWairakei circuit overloads for an outage of the Atiamuri Whakamaru, Te MihiWhakamaru or WairakeiWhakamaru circuits. The AtiamuriOhakuri circuit overloads for an outage of the Atiamuri Whakamaru, Te MihiWhakamaru or WairakeiWhakamaru circuits. The AtiamuriWhakamaru circuit overloads for an outage of the Ohakuri Wairakei circuit. Impact of generation scenarios The five generation scenarios described in Chapter 5 have the following impacts on the circuits in the Wairakei Ring. For system condition 1 (north power flow through the Wairakei Ring circuits to supply the Upper North Island), only generation scenarios 1 (sustainable path) and 3 (medium renewables) have a significant impact. These generation scenarios have the lowest net increase in the Upper North Island generation compared to the other generation scenarios. Therefore, there are higher levels of power flow through the Wairakei Ring to supply the Upper North Island load, which may overload the AtiamuriOhakuri and OhakuriWairakei circuits. Generation scenario 1 (sustainable path) has the highest net increase in generation in the Bay of Plenty region compared to the other generation scenarios. High generation and low demand in the Bay of Plenty region may cause the Atiamuri Ohakuri circuit to overload in a contingent event. For system condition 2 (south power flow through the Wairakei Ring circuits), all the generation scenarios have minimal impact on the Wairakei Ring circuits within the forecast period. For system condition 3 (east power flow through the Wairakei Ring), generation scenarios 2 (South Island wind) and 5 (high gas discovery) have the highest impact on circuits supplying the Bay of Plenty region. These generation scenarios have the lowest net increase in generation in the Bay of Plenty region. Therefore, there are higher levels of power flow through the Wairakei Ring to supply the Bay of Plenty, which may overload the WairakeiOhakuriAtiamuriWhakamaru circuits.

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Outages The main connection to the Bay of Plenty region is through the WairakeiOhakuri and AtiamuriWhakamaru circuits. An outage of either of these circuits puts the whole Bay of Plenty region on n security. All outages within the Wairakei Ring may also cause generation constraints, which require replacement generation in other areas such as the Auckland region. Resolving projects During peak demand periods in the Bay of Plenty region, generation must run in the region to prevent overloading of the WairakeiOhakuriAtiamuriWhakamaru circuits. Historically, generation in the Bay of Plenty region has been available during peak periods, and we expect this will continue in the short term. However, in the longer term, the regions dependence on local hydro generation may expose it to insufficient transmission capacity within the Wairakei Ring in dry years. Transmission solutions to prevent overloading of the WairakeiOhakuriAtiamuri Whakamaru circuits include: variable line ratings, which will alleviate some of the overloads in the short term reconductoring the WairakeiOhakuriAtiamuri circuits, followed by the Atiamuri Whakamaru circuit, if required, or a new 220 kV WairakeiAtiamuri circuit (bypassing Ohakuri), followed by a second AtiamuriWhakamaru circuit, if required. The WairakeiOhakuriAtiamuriWhakamaru circuits have already been thermally upgraded, and a further thermal upgrade is not technically feasible. A second WairakeiAtiamuri circuit is one option which keeps the Bay of Plenty region on n-1 security during outages of the WairakeiOhakuri or AtiamuriWhakamaru circuits. It is unlikely that security to the Bay of Plenty during outages will by itself provide sufficient benefit to justify the second circuit. We will monitor the generation developments in the Wairakei Ring area and the Bay of Plenty region, to determine if a transmission upgrade investigation is required. 6.4.4 Taranaki transmission capacity Overview Taranaki generation is connected to the North Island grid backbone via Stratford with two 220 kV circuits north to Huntly and two circuits south to Bunnythorpe. Figure 6-7 shows the grid backbone circuits for the Taranaki area between Bunnythorpe and Huntly.

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Figure 6-7: 220 kV circuits between Bunnythorpe and Huntly

Huntly

Te Kowhai

Circuit

Taumarunui

Stratford

BunnythorpeBrunswick 1 and 2 BrunswickStratford 1 and 3 BrunswickStratford 2 HuntlyStratford 1 StratfordTaumarunui 1 (from Stratford) StratfordTaumarunui 1 (from Taumarunui) TaumarunuiTe Kowhai 1 HuntlyTe Kowhai 1 (from Huntly) HuntlyTe Kowhai (from Te Kowhai)

Summer/Winter rating 695/712 MVA1 239/292 MVA 232/287 MVA 354/354 MVA1 455/455 MVA2 343/343 MVA2 469/492 MVA 301/301 MVA2 469/492 MVA2

1. This rating is due to a component other than the conductor. 2. The circuit rating depends on the direction of power flow. This is due to protection settings.

Brunswick

Bunnythorpe

Approved projects There are no approved grid backbone projects in the Taranaki area. The following sections assess the Taranaki transmission capability following the committed upgrades in the North Island. The assessment is based on representative system conditions, to determine how different generation development scenarios interact with the circuits out of Taranaki. System condition 1 (north flow) This system condition tests power flowing north through the circuits between Stratford and Huntly to Auckland and Northland: island peak load in the North Island high generation in Taranaki the biggest generator in Auckland is out of service i.e. Otahuhu C medium to high generation elsewhere to balance generation with demand, and HVDC north transfer varies between 380 MW and 1,400 MW depending on generation and demand in the North Island. For this system condition, an outage of one of the HuntlyStratford circuits may cause the other circuit to overload especially during high Taranaki generation and low Auckland generation. Also, an outage of one of the HuntlyStratford circuits may lead to dynamic and transient instability during high Taranaki generation.

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For high levels of generation in the Taranaki area, power also flows to Bunnythorpe 17 before flowing north through the Central North Island grid backbone . System condition 2 (south flow) This system condition tests power flowing mainly south through the circuits between Stratford and Bunnythorpe to the HVDC link: low North Island load (approximately 45% of peak load) high generation in Taranaki medium to low generation elsewhere to balance generation with demand, and HVDC varies between 120 MW north transfer and 950 MW south transfer depending on generation and demand in the North Island. For this system condition, an outage of one of the BrunswickStratford circuits may 18 overload the remaining two BrunswickStratford circuits and the parallel 110 kV circuits between Stratford and Bunnythorpe. The 110 kV circuits that overload are mainly the HaweraStratford and WanganuiWaverly circuits, which have been upgraded to a higher rated conductor but the ratings are still limited by substation equipment. Impact of generation scenarios The five generation scenarios described in Chapter 5 have the following impacts on the circuits out of Taranaki. For system condition 1 (north power flow from Stratford to Huntly), generation scenario 3 (medium renewables) has the highest impact at the end of the forecast period, as it has the lowest net increase in generation in the Auckland and Northland area compared to the other generation scenarios. The significant overloads on the HuntlyStratford circuits are dependent on: Auckland and Northland load Auckland and Northland generation, and Taranaki generation. For system condition 2 (south power flow from Stratford to Bunnythorpe), all the generation scenarios have minimal impact within the forecast period on the Taranaki transmission capacity except for generation scenario 5 (high gas discovery). Generation scenarios 1 to 4 include the decommissioning of the Taranaki combinedcycle gas turbine while generation scenario 5 does not. This scenario has a net increase of up to 460 MW of new gas-fired peakers and combined-cycle gas turbines. Outages An outage of any of the circuits out of Taranaki i.e. between Stratford and Huntly or between Stratford and Bunnythorpe, may cause generation constraints, which require replacement generation in other areas. Resolving projects To prevent overloads on the circuits out of Taranaki during HVDC north and south flow, the Taranaki generation can be constrained. Alternatively, transmission solutions could include:

17

18

Central North Island 220 kV circuits such as TokaanuWhakamaru may overload during high Taranaki generation and HVDC north flow. See Section 6.4.5 for more information about this issue. Central North Island 220 kV circuits such as BunnythorpeTokaanu and BunnythorpeTangiwai may overload before the BrunswickStratford circuits overload for high HVDC south flow. See Section 6.4.5 for more information about this issue.

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thermally upgrade and/or reconductor the BrunswickStratford circuits reconductor the HuntlyStratford circuits , or a new transmission line between Taumarunui and Whakamaru. To resolve the overloads on the 110 kV circuits, Wanganui and Waverly substation equipment is committed for upgrade to allow a higher rating on the 110 kV Hawera Stratford and WanganuiWaverly circuits. Upgrade of the Hawera substation equipment is still being investigated and is part of a separate project. Also, re-tuning of the generator excitation systems and/or installation of power system stabilisers can enhance transient and dynamic stability to transfer power out of Taranaki between Stratford and Huntly. 6.4.5 Central North Island transmission capacity Overview The circuits between Bunnythorpe and Whakamaru/Wairakei comprise the: two BunnythorpeTokaanuWhakamaru circuits, and BunnythorpeTangiwaiRangipoWairakei circuits. Figure 6-8 shows the grid backbone circuits in the Central North Island area.
Figure 6-8: 220 kV Central North Island circuits
19

Whakamaru A Tokaanu Wairakei Rangipo

Tangiwai
Circuit BunnythorpeTokaanu 1 and 2 BunnythorpeTangiwai 1 RangipoTangiwai 1 RangipoWairakei TokaanuWhakamaru 1 and 2 Summer/Winter rating 307/335 MVA 239/291 MVA 239/291 MVA 364/396 MVA 307/335 MVA

Bunnythorpe

Approved projects There are no grid backbone approved projects in the Central North Island area. The following sections assess the transmission capability of the Central North Island grid backbone following the committed upgrades in the North Island. The assessment is based on representative system conditions, to determine how different generation development scenarios interact with the circuits in the Central North Island.

19

The HuntlyStratford circuits have a maximum operating temperature of 120C, which is the maximum practical operating temperature. Therefore, a thermal upgrade is not possible.

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System condition 1 (north flow) This system condition tests power flowing north through the circuits in the Central North Island towards Whakamaru or Wairakei: island peak load in the North Island high renewable generation including wind, wave, tidal, and solar medium to high generation (including peakers) elsewhere to balance generation with demand, and HVDC north transfer varies between 50 MW and 1,400 MW depending on North Island generation and demand. For high generation in the Taranaki area, some of the Taranaki generation flows into Bunnythorpe. This can cause an overload on the Central North Island circuits. The following circuits may overload for this system condition. A TokaanuWhakamaru circuit may overload for an outage of the other TokaanuWhakamaru circuit, any of the BunnythorpeTangiwaiRangipo Wairakei circuits, or one of the circuits between Stratford and Huntly. A BunnythorpeTokaanu circuit may overload for an outage of the other BunnythorpeTokaanu circuit, any section of the BunnythorpeTangiwai RangipoWairakei circuit, or one of the circuits between Stratford and Huntly. The BunnythorpeTangiwaiRangipoWairakei circuits may overload for an outage of one of the BunnythorpeTokaanuWhakamaru circuits or one of the circuits between Stratford and Huntly. There is a regional 110 kV single circuit between Bunnythorpe and Arapuni (via Mataroa, Ohakune, and Ongarue) which may also overload and constrain north transfer. System condition 2 (south flow) This system condition tests power flowing south through the circuits in the Central North Island towards Bunnythorpe: low North Island load (approximately 45% of peak load) low renewable generation including wind, wave, tidal, and solar high geothermal generation in the Wairakei Ring area low to medium generation elsewhere to balance generation with demand, and HVDC south transfer varies between 580 MW and 950 MW depending on North Island generation and demand. The following circuits may overload for this system condition. A BunnythorpeTokaanu circuit may overload for an outage of the other BunnythorpeTokaanu circuit or any section of the BunnythorpeTangiwai RangipoWairakei circuit. A TokaanuWhakamaru circuit may overload for an outage of the other TokaanuWhakamaru circuit, any section of the BunnythorpeTangiwai RangipoWairakei circuits, or one of the circuits between Stratford and Huntly. The BunnythorpeTangiwaiRangipoWairakei circuit may overload for outages of a BunnythorpeTokaanuWhakamaru circuit or one of the circuits between Stratford and Huntly. There is also low voltage at Bunnythorpe, Tangiwai, and Tokaanu for high HVDC south transfer and low generation in the Lower North Island. The regional 110 kV circuit between Bunnythorpe and Arapuni (via Mataroa, Ohakune, and Ongarue) may also overload and constrain HVDC south transfer.

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Impact of generation scenarios The five generation scenarios described in Chapter 5 have the following impacts on the Central North Island circuits. For system condition 1 (north power flow from Bunnythorpe to Whakamaru/Wairakei), generation scenario 3 (medium renewables) has the highest impact on the circuits in the Central North Island, as it has the lowest net increase in generation in the Auckland and Northland area compared to the other generation scenarios. For system condition 2 (south power flow from Whakamaru/Wairakei to Bunnythorpe), generation scenarios 4 (coal) and 5 (high gas discovery) have the highest impact on the circuits in the Central North Island, as they have the lowest net increase in generation in the Wellington area. With a lower amount of new generation in the Wellington area, more power is required to flow through the circuits between Whakamaru/Wairakei and Bunnythorpe to supply the demand in the Wellington area and the South Island via the HVDC link. Low voltage at Bunnythorpe, Tangiwai, and Tokaanu only occurs for generation scenario 4, which has the lowest net increase in generation in the Lower North Island. Outages An outage of any of the Central North Island circuits may cause generation constraints, which require replacement generation in other areas. Resolving projects For the circuits between Whakamaru and Bunnythorpe, the requirement to upgrade is largely dictated by generation development in the area. The upgrade options can be separated into two tranches depending on the amount of new generation. In tranche 1, the range of options includes: limit the power flow on 110 kV regional network between Mataroa and Ohakune through a Special Protection Scheme (SPS), series reactor, phase shifting transformer or a permanent system split (putting four regional grid exit points on n security) reconductor the TokaanuWhakamaru circuits, and thermally upgrade or reconductor the BunnythorpeTangiwaiRangipo circuit. Tranche 1 options may enable up to 500 MW of new generation connected at or near to Bunnythorpe. The project cost falls within band F. In tranche 2, the range of options will enable more generation beyond the options for tranche 1. The range of options includes: reconductor the BunnythorpeTokaanu circuits provide new transmission capacity between Bunnythorpe and Whakamaru: reuse the existing 220 kV single circuit line route between Bunnythorpe and Wairakei for a replacement double-circuit a new double-circuit 220 kV or 400 kV circuit between Bunnythorpe and Whakamaru, or HVDC light between Bunnythorpe and Whakamaru. a new line in the Taranaki area, from Taumarunui to Whakamaru (to divert power flow from the Central North Island grid backbone), and Lower North Island-wide System Protection Scheme to enable new generation. The details and range of options in tranche 2 are still being investigated.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

We will monitor generation developments in the Central North Island area, to determine the level of transmission upgrades required including the need for reactive devices to alleviate the low voltage issues. 6.4.6 Wellington area transmission capacity Overview The 220 kV circuits in the Wellington area between Bunnythorpe and Wellington comprise: two circuits connecting directly between Haywards and Bunnythorpe one HaywardsLintonBunnythorpe circuit, with Tararua Wind Central connected off the LintonBunnythorpe section of the circuit, and one WiltonLintonBunnythorpe circuit. Figure 6-9 shows the grid backbone circuits in the Wellington area.
Figure 6-9: 220 kV circuits in the Wellington area

Bunnythorpe Linton

Circuit BunnythorpeHaywards 1 and 2 BunnythorpeLintonWilton 1 BunnythorpeTararua Wind CentralLinton 1 HaywardsLinton 1 HaywardsWilton 1

Haywards Wilton

Summer/Winter rating 307/335 MVA 694/764 MVA 694/764 MVA 694/762 MVA 694/739 MVA

Approved projects There are no approved grid backbone projects for the Wellington area. We submitted an Investment Proposal to the Commerce Commission in December 2011 to reconductor the two direct BunnythorpeHaywards circuits because of condition assessment. The replacement conductor will also provide a small increase in the circuits rating (from 307/335 MVA to 355/370 MVA). A decision from the Commerce Commission is expected in the second quarter of 2012. The project cost falls within band F and construction is expected to be completed by the fourth quarter of 2018. The following sections assess the Wellington areas transmission capability following the committed upgrades in the North Island. The assessment is based on representative system conditions, to determine how different generation development scenarios interact with the circuits in the Wellington area. System condition 1 (HVDC north flow) This system condition tests power flowing north through the circuits in the Wellington area towards Bunnythorpe: island peak load in the North Island high renewable generation including wind, wave, tidal, and solar medium to high generation (including peakers) elsewhere to balance generation with demand, and

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HVDC north transfer varies between 50 MW and 1,400 MW depending on North Island generation and demand. The following circuits may overload for this system condition. The two BunnythorpeHaywards circuits may overload for outages of the HaywardsLintonBunnythorpe circuit (with Tararua Wind Central tee connected) or the WiltonLintonBunnythorpe circuit. The LintonBunnythorpe circuit (with Tararua Wind Central tee connected) may overload for outages of the HaywardsWilton circuit or the WiltonLinton Bunnythorpe circuit. The HaywardsLinton circuit may overload for an outage of the Linton Bunnythorpe circuit (with Tararua Wind Central tee connected) under certain generation scenarios. The WiltonLintonBunnythorpe circuit may overload for an outage of the HaywardsWilton circuit under certain generation scenarios. System condition 2 (HVDC south flow) This system condition tests power flowing south through the circuits in the Wellington area towards Haywards and Wilton: low North Island load (approximately 45% of peak load) low renewable generation including wind, wave, tidal, and solar high geothermal generation in the Wairakei Ring area medium to low generation elsewhere, and HVDC south varies between 580 MW and 950 MW depending on North Island generation and demand. For this system condition, the two BunnythorpeHaywards circuits may overload for outages of the HaywardsLintonBunnythorpe circuit (with Tararua Wind Central tee connected) or the WiltonLintonBunnythorpe circuit. Some regional 110 kV circuits may also overload and constrain HVDC south transfer. These are the circuit between Bunnythorpe and Arapuni (via Mataroa, Ohakune, and Ongarue) and the two BunnythorpeWoodville circuits. There are also voltage issues for the loss of a 220 kV circuit between Bunnythorpe and Wellington during high HVDC south transfer and low generation in the Wellington area. Impact of generation scenarios The five generation scenarios described in Chapter 5 have the following impacts on the circuits in the Wellington area. For system condition 1 (north power flow from Wellington to Bunnythorpe), generation scenario 3 (medium renewables) has the highest impact on the circuits in the Wellington area, as it has the lowest net increase in generation in the Auckland and Northland area compared to the other generation scenarios. Generation scenarios 1 (sustainable path) and 2 (South Island wind) have high wind generation at the Linton bus and may cause the HaywardsLinton circuit to overload for outages of the LintonBunnythorpe circuit, HaywardsWilton circuit or the WiltonLinton Bunnythorpe circuit. The WiltonLintonBunnythorpe circuits may also overload due to high generation at the Linton bus for an outage of the HaywardsWilton circuit. For system condition 2 (south power flow from Bunnythorpe to Wellington), generation scenarios 4 (coal) and 5 (high gas discovery) have the highest impact on the circuits in the Wellington area, as they have the lowest net increase in generation in the Wellington area. With a lower amount of new generation in Wellington, more power is required to flow through the circuits between Bunnythorpe

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

and Wellington to supply Wellington area demand and the South Island via the HVDC link. Low voltages at Bunnythorpe and Linton occur only in generation scenario 4, which has the lowest net increase in generation in the Wellington area. Outages An outage of any of the 220 kV circuits in the Wellington area during HVDC north or south flow may cause generation constraints, which require replacement generation in other areas. Resolving projects For the two direct circuits between Bunnythorpe and Haywards, we believe that it is uneconomic to increase their rating to increase the transmission capacity (other than the small increase in rating following reconductoring refer to Approved projects above). However, a higher amount of power transfer between Bunnythorpe and Haywards is possible with a Special Protection Scheme (SPS). The SPS will automatically reduce the power flowing on the HVDC link (after Pole 3 is commissioned) if the two direct BunnythorpeHaywards circuits overload, subject to other constraints within the power system. We will monitor the level of constraint caused by these circuits to determine when an investigation to implement an SPS is required. The overloads on the two circuits between Bunnythorpe and Linton are driven by the amount of generation connected at Linton. We will monitor the amount of generation being connected at Linton to determine if a transmission upgrade investigation is required. For the two regional 110 kV BunnythorpeWoodville circuits, we have a committed project to install an SPS to increase south flow transmission capacity. We will monitor new generation connections to determine if an investigation to re-conductor the circuits to a higher rating is required. There is significant potential wind generation in the Wairarapa. One option to connect this generation is to build a new 220 kV transmission line from the Wairarapa to Bunnythorpe or Linton.

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6.5
6.5.1

South Island grid backbone overview


Existing South Island transmission configuration The South Island grid backbone comprises 220 kV circuits with: three circuits from Islington to Kikiwa four circuits from Twizel and Livingstone in the Waitaki Valley area to Islington circuits within the Waitaki Valley, between Twizel and Livingstone, which connect six large hydro power stations and the HVDC link three circuits from Roxburgh to Twizel and Livingstone in the Waitaki Valley area, and four circuits from Roxburgh to Invercargill/North Makarewa (two via Three Mile Hill) and nine circuits within the Southland area. Power flows either north or south on the inter-island HVDC link, depending on the time of day or year. During daylight periods, power tends to flow north to meet peak demand. However, during light load periods, power can flow south to conserve the level of South Island hydro storage, especially during periods of low hydro inflow. Figure 6-10 shows a simplified schematic of the existing South Island grid backbone.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Figure 6-10: South Island grid backbone schematic


Kikiwa
STC-2

Culverden Waipara Bromley Islington


SVC-3 SVC-9

220 kV

Ashburton

Tekapo B Timaru Twizel Ohau A Ohau B

Ohau C Benmore Waitaki

Aviemore

Livingstone Cromwell Naseby Clyde

Manapouri

Roxburgh

Three Mile Hill


KEY
220 kV CIRCUIT 220 kV SUBSTATION BUS

North Makarewa

Invercargill
SVC STC

GENERATOR STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR CAPACITOR

Tiwai

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6.5.2

Future South Island grid backbone Figure 6-10 and Figure 6-11 provide an indication of the South Island transmission backbone development in the medium term (the next 15 years), and longer term (beyond 2027), respectively. We will install an additional bus coupler circuit breaker at Islington, to improve voltage stability for the Upper South Island following a bus fault and to increase security. Further investments in the Upper South Island to maintain voltage stability to meet load growth will also be required. Presently we are consulting on two options: increasing the dynamic reactive support at and around the Islington 220 kV bus, and bussing all four 220 kV circuits into the Upper South Island at Geraldine. In the longer term, further upgrades for the Upper South Island may be required for voltage stability or thermal capacity reasons. Options include: extending the 220 kV grid from Kikiwa to Inangahua in the West Coast region , to improve voltage stability bussing all three circuits north of Islington with an HVDC tap-off near Waipara, and a second IslingtonTwizel circuit providing a fifth circuit into the Upper South Island. The Upper South Island voltage stability is an ongoing issue. We will continue to study the additional reactive support requirements to maintain Upper South Island voltage stability as regional load continues to grow. Within the Waitaki Valley area, there is an approved project to increase the transmission capacity of the AviemoreWaitakiLivingstone circuits. There is also an approved project to increase the capacity of the AviemoreBenmore circuits, which will be reviewed in 2013 to optimise its implementation date. Between Roxburgh and the Waitaki Valley, there is an approved project to increase the transmission capacity of the RoxburghClyde circuits. There is also an approved project to increase the capacity of the other circuits, which will be reviewed in 2013 to optimise an implementation date. For the area below Roxburgh, the 110 kV regional network limits the capacity of the 220 kV grid backbone. There is an approved project to remove this regional grid constraint. There is also an approved project to further increase the grid backbone capacity by installing a series capacitor on the North MakarewaThree Mile Hill circuit, which will be reviewed in 2013 to optimise an implementation date. We will also look to provide substation diversity at critical transmission nodes to strengthen resilience for high impact low probability events.
20

20

There is a 220 kV double-circuit transmission line between Inangahua and Kikiwa, which at present has a circuit on one side only and is operated at 110 kV.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Figure 6-11: Indicative South Island grid backbone schematic to 2027


Kikiwa
STC-2

Culverden
* Although this diagram shows new dynamic and static reactive supports installed at Islington, and a new switching station at Geraldine, this is indicative only as options are still * being investigated. Islington

Waipara Bromley
SVC SVC-3 SVC-9

Ashburton

Tekapo B

Twizel Ohau A

Timaru

* Geraldine

Ohau B

Ohau C Benmore Waitaki Aviemore

Naseby Cromwell Clyde

Livingstone

Manapouri

Roxburgh

KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS

220 kV

Three Mile Hill

Gore North Makarewa Invercargill

Tiwai

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Figure 6-12: Longer term indicative South Island grid backbone schematic
Haywards Kikiwa
STC-2

Culverden

*
Inangahua Islington * Although this diagram shows a few development paths for the future South Island grid backbone transmission system, it is not intended to indicate a preference. Option will be finalised closer to the date that transmission reinforcement is needed.
STC SVC

Waipara Bromley

350 kV

SVC-3

SVC-9

SVC

Ashburton

Tekapo B

* Geraldine

Twizel Ohau A

Timaru

Ohau B

Ohau C Benmore Waitaki Aviemore Livingstone Naseby Cromwell

Clyde Roxburgh
KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS

Manapouri

Three Mile Hill Gore North Makarewa Invercargill

Tiwai

6.6

South Island grid backbone issues and project options


The South Island grid backbone comprises four areas indicated in Figure 6-13. Table 6-3 summarises issues involving the South Island grid backbone for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

Table 6-3: South Island grid backbone transmission issues


Section number 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 6.6.4 Issue Upper South Island voltage stability Upper South Island transmission capacity Transmission capacity north of Roxburgh and within the Waitaki Valley Transmission capacity south of Roxburgh

Figure 6-13: South Island grid backbone area

Upper South Island area

Waitaki Valley area

North of Roxburgh area

South of Roxburgh area Southland area

6.6.1

Upper South Island voltage stability Overview Most of the Upper South Island load is supplied through four 220 kV circuits from the Waitaki Valley. The Upper South Island area has relatively little generation compared with load. The generation is connected to the regional grid or embedded within the distribution networks. The transmission capacity to supply the Upper South Island is limited by voltage stability. Voltage stability within this area is influenced by: the reactive power losses due to the transmission system within the area the reactive power demand due to load composition in the area (in particular the proportion and type of motor load), and generation in the area Reactive support for the Upper South Island is provided by: synchronous condensers and SVCs at Islington a STATCOM at Kikiwa, and capacitor banks at Islington on the grid backbone and, within the regional grids capacitor banks at Islington, Bromley, Southbrook, Blenheim, Stoke, Greymouth, and Hokitika.

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The contingencies which may cause a voltage stability issue are: from winter 2016, an outage of an Islington bus section which disconnects a 21 number of transmission elements , increasing the reactive power that will be absorbed by the remaining in-service circuits and transformers from winter 2017, an outage of the IslingtonTekapo B circuit, and from 2017, an outage of an Ashburton bus section. Approved projects We regularly invest in grid upgrades to raise the voltage stability limit, to match load growth. Recent investments include a second SVC at Islington and a STATCOM at Kikiwa. Most recently, we installed a Reactive Power Controller (RPC) at Islington to co-ordinate various dynamic and static devices in the Upper South Island. We intend to install an additional bus coupler circuit breaker at Islington to address Upper South Island voltage stability up to 2017. Voltage stability will be an ongoing issue which will require regular investments to match load growth. Impact of generation scenarios The five generation scenarios described in Chapter 5 have the following impacts on the Upper South Island backbone grid. All generation scenarios have new generation or demand side reduction within the Upper South Island. This will improve voltage stability, which may defer or replace the need for transmission investment. Generation scenarios 1 (sustainable path), 2 (South Island wind) and 3 (medium renewables) have the highest amount of new generation. Generation scenarios 4 (coal) and 5 (high gas discovery) have the least new generation over the next five years, and would be insufficient to defer transmission investment. Outages An outage of a circuit or other transmission element for maintenance will increase the reactive power losses of the transmission system. This requires maintenance to be scheduled for a low load period, load reduction, generation to be constrained on, and/or additional investment in reactive support. Resolving projects We will install a sixth bus coupler at Islington to create an additional bus zone to minimise the equipment tripping following a bus fault, and so improve voltage stability. We have also commenced an investigation to determine the amount of additional reactive support required in the next tranche of investments to relieve the Upper South Island voltage stability issue. Transmission options include: a combination of static and dynamic reactive support around Islington and Bromley, and/or sectionalising the 220 kV circuits from the Waitaki Valley to Islington by bussing them at a new switching station near Geraldine; this also requires a short section of new transmission line to bring all circuits to Geraldine. In the longer-term, transmission options include: about 350 Mvar of additional reactive support may be required by 2027, and
21

The critical Islington bus section outage disconnects: IslingtonTekapo B, IslingtonWaipara CulverdenKikiwa 2, a capacitor bank, and T7 (220/66 kV transformer).

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reinforcing the Upper South Island transmission capacity (see Section 6.6.2), which also addresses the voltage stability issue. 6.6.2 Upper South Island transmission capacity Overview Power transfer to the Upper South Island is through four 220 kV circuits from the Waitaki Valley. The Islington 220 kV bus is a single major node, supplying a large proportion of the load in Christchurch (along with Bromley), Nelson-Marlborough and the West Coast. There is a risk that high impact low probability single events at Islington can cause a significant or total loss of supply, either with all equipment in service or during maintenance outages. Approved projects There are no approved grid backbone projects in the Upper South Island area for transmission capacity. System condition (north flow) The Upper South Island has relatively little generation compared with the load, even at minimum load. Therefore, power always flows from the Waitaki Valley northwards. The n-1 transmission (thermal) limit for the Upper South Island area is forecast to bind towards the end or just beyond the forecast period (2027). Impact of generation scenarios The five generation scenarios described in chapter 5 all have new generation north of Islington, or demand response to reduce peak demand. More generation or demand response defers the onset of the n-1 transmission limit. Outages Outage windows are required so a circuit can be taken out of service for maintenance while managing the grid to provide n-1 security. The number and duration of outage windows available for maintenance depends on the load, load management, and generation within the area. It is possible that insufficient outage windows will be available within the forecast period to enable the required maintenance, or for upgrading circuits. Resolving projects Options to address the n-1 transmission capacity towards the end of the forecast period include: an HVDC tap-off from the existing HVDC line north of Christchurch a new transmission line to Ashburton or Islington. These resolving projects may need to be brought forward a few years to ensure there are enough opportunities to take equipment out of service for maintenance. We will monitor the loading on the Upper South Island circuits to determine when a transmission upgrade investigation is required.

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6.6.3

Transmission capacity north of Roxburgh and within the Waitaki Valley Overview Two sub-areas make up the grid backbone in the area: within the Waitaki Valley, and from Roxburgh to the Waitaki Valley. The grid backbone within the Waitaki Valley connects: the Upper South Island area, at Twizel and Livingstone the Waitaki Valley hydro generators
22

at six substations

the inter-island HVDC link at Benmore, and the transmission system to Roxburgh, from Twizel and Livingstone. The direction and amount of power flowing through the circuits within the Waitaki Valley depends on the load in the Upper South Island, the generation in the area, the amount and direction of HVDC transfer, and the net Otago-Southland load. The grid backbone from Roxburgh to the Waitaki Valley provides throughtransmission to the Otago/Southland area. The direction of the power flow may be north or south, depending on the generation and load in the Otago-Southland area. The power flow within the sub-area is also significantly influenced by the generation at Clyde and, to a lesser extent, by the load off-take at Cromwell and Naseby. Approved projects The CluthaUpper Waitaki Lines Project (CUWLP) is an approved suite of projects to increase transmission capacity for: low generation in the Otago-Southland area, which causes high south power flows from within the Waitaki Valley to Roxburgh, and high generation in the Otago-Southland area, which causes high north power flows from Roxburgh to the Waitaki Valley. The first tranche of projects is to increase the transmission capacity to address high south power flows. We will: duplex the ClydeRoxburgh 1 and 2 circuits in 2013, and duplex the AviemoreWaitakiLivingstone circuits in 2014. Duplexing these circuits approximately doubles the south transmission thermal 24 capacity to export power from the Waitaki Valley to Roxburgh, (from 250-280 MW to 25 560-590 MW) . There is no significant change in the north transmission thermal capacity. The second tranche of projects is to: duplex the RoxburghNasebyLivingstone circuits duplex the AviemoreBenmore 1 and 2 circuits, and thermally upgrade CromwellTwizel 1 and 2 circuits.
23

22

23

24

25

The six hydro power stations that connect to the grid backbone in the Waitaki Valley are: Ohau A, Ohau B, Ohau C, Benmore, Aviemore, Waitaki. The CluthaUpper Waitaki Lines Project (CUWLP) was previously referred to as the Lower South Island Renewables Grid Upgrade Project, approved by the Electricity Commission in August 2010. The increase in south transmission capacity occurs only after all the referenced circuits are duplexed; there is no significant increase in south transmission capacity with only some of the circuits duplexed. The amount of power that can be exported from the Waitaki Valley to Roxburgh varies with generation, particularly generation at Clyde power station, and varies to a lesser extent with load. The limits are measured across the LivingstoneNaseby and CromwellTwizel 1 and 2 circuits in the RoxburghWaitaki Valley area.

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The primary benefit of the second tranche of projects is to increase the north transmission thermal capacity. When there is high generation in the Otago-Southland area, and at Roxburgh and Clyde, power is exported to the Upper South Island area and/or the HVDC link at Benmore. The increase in transmission thermal capacity is progressive, with increased transmission capacity available at the completion of each upgrade. The north transmission thermal capacity increases from its existing level of 26 200-590 MW to 790-1,260 MW once all the upgrades are completed. The justification for increasing the north transmission thermal capacity is twofold, to: enable full output from existing generators at Clyde, Roxburgh and the Otago/Southland area, and enable new generation projects in the Otago/Southland area. We will review the second tranche of projects in 2013, to optimise the timing of the upgrades. The second tranche also significantly increases the south transmission thermal capacity, to 560590 MW. However, it is expected that most of this south transmission capacity will not be required. Figure 6-14 shows the circuits in the Waitaki Valley after the upgrades.
Figure 6-14: 220 kV circuits between Roxburgh and Twizel after CUWLP upgrade
Twizel

Ohau B

Circuit AviemoreBenmore 1 and 2 AviemoreWaitaki 1 LivingstoneWaitaki 1 LivingstoneNaseby 1 NasebyRoxburgh 1 ClydeCromwellTwizel 1 and 2 ClydeRoxburgh 1 and 2 BenmoreTwizel 1 BenmoreOhau B 1 Ohau BTwizel 3 BenmoreOhau C 2 Ohau CTwizel 4
1

Ohau C

Benmore

Waitaki Aviemore

Naseby Cromwell

Livingstone

Summer/Winter rating 609/671 MVA1 609/671 MVA 609/671 MVA 609/671 MVA1 609/671 MVA1 561/617 MVA1 347/382 MVA 404/493 MVA 561/617 MVA 694/760 MVA 561/617 MVA 694/764 MVA

Clyde

The timing to upgrade these circuits will be reviewed in 2013. The summer/winter rating for these circuits prior to upgrade is: 202/246 MVA for AviemoreBenmore 1 and 2, RoxburghNasebyLivingstone 1, and 385/470 MVA for CromwellTwizel 1 and 2.

Roxburgh

The following sections assess the transmission capability following the CUWLP upgrade. The assessment is based on representative system conditions, to determine how different generation development scenarios interact with the Waitaki Valley area. System condition 1 (north flow) This system condition tests power flowing from the Lower South Island to the upgraded HVDC link: maximum South Island generation

26

The amount of power that can be sent from Roxburgh to the Waitaki Valley varies with generation and load. The large range for north transmission capacity is mainly due to the effect of generation at Clyde, ranging from full output of 432 MW to 0 MW. The limits are measured across the Naseby Roxburgh and ClydeRoxburgh 1 and 2 circuits.

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off peak South Island load (approximately 62% of island peak) maximum HVDC north transfer of 1,400 MW There were no issues with transmission capacity for north flow for the forecast period. System condition 2 (south flow) This system condition tests power flowing south of Roxburgh/Clyde during a period of extremely low southern generation fully utilising the upgraded HVDC links south flow capacity. To avoid overloading the grid backbone (after the CUWLP projects are completed): in 2018, a minimum total of about 362 MW of generation is required at Manapouri, Roxburgh and Clyde power stations in 2027, a minimum total of about 670 MW is required at Manapouri, Roxburgh and Clyde power stations. Impact of generation scenarios The five generation scenarios described in Chapter 5 have the following impacts on the circuits within the Waitaki Valley area. There were no issues with transmission capacity for north flow for all generation scenarios. High levels of power flow south towards Roxburgh, with high levels of HVDC south flow, overloaded the BenmoreTwizel circuit. As noted in the previous section for system condition 2 (south flow), minimum levels of generation are required south of Roxburgh/Clyde. Any new generation south of Roxburgh increases the options for providing the minimum generation requirements, assisting in the management of the power system. Outages The transmission capacity is reduced during outages, which may require generation in the Waitaki Valley or Lower South Island area to be constrained. Resolving projects For very high power flows from the Waitaki Valley to the Lower South Island, the BenmoreTwizel circuit capacity will need to be increased. Transmission solutions to 27 prevent overloading of the BenmoreTwizel circuit include : variable line ratings to alleviate some overloads in the short term, and thermally upgrading and/or reconductoring the BenmoreTwizel circuit. We will monitor the loading of the BenmoreTwizel circuit to determine if a transmission upgrade investigation is required. Any further increase in south transmission capacity beyond that provided by the suite of projects provided by CUWLP will require a new transmission line. We will monitor the load and minimum generation levels required to determine if a new line investigation is required. The present load forecasts do not indicate the need for a new transmission line.

27

We believe that only a relatively small increase in the rating of the BenmoreTwizel circuit is required (about 20%), and that reconductoring the circuit is not required.

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6.6.4

Transmission capacity south of Roxburgh Overview The grid backbone south of Roxburgh is primarily a six circuit triangle between Roxburgh, Three Mile Hill and Invercargill/North Makarewa. There are also nine circuits connecting Invercargill, North Makarewa, Manapouri and Tiwai. There is a low capacity 110 kV regional network which operates in parallel with the grid backbone between Roxburgh, Halfway Bush and Invercargill (see Chapter 19). The capacity of this regional network limits the capacity of the grid backbone. The magnitude and direction of power flows on the grid backbone are dominated by the large hydro generator at Manapouri and the large load at Tiwai. Presently, the main concern for the grid backbone in this area is the transmission capacity supplying the regional load when Manapouri generation is low and Southland demand is high. An outage of one of the two InvercargillRoxburgh circuits may result in: overloading of the other InvercargillRoxburgh circuit low voltages in Southland, and overloading of the regional 110 kV network between Gore and Roxburgh and the Roxburgh 220/110 kV transformer (see Chapter 19 for more information). These issues are presently managed by constraining on minimum levels of generation and voltage support at Manapouri. Figure 6-15 shows the 220 kV grid backbone circuits south of Roxburgh.
Figure 6-15: Grid backbone circuits south of Roxburgh

Roxburgh Manapouri

Circuit

Gore North Makarewa Invercargill

Three Mile Hill

Summer/Winter rating InvercargillRoxburgh 1 and 2 347/382 MVA InvercargillManapouri 2 311/380 MVA InvercargillNorth Makarewa 1 404/457 MVA1 ManapouriNorth Makarewa 1, 2 and 3 311/380 MVA InvercargillTiwai 1 and 2 385/457 MVA2 North MakarewaTiwai 1 and 2 385/470 MVA RoxburghThree Mile Hill 1 and 2 385/470 MVA North MakarewaThree Mile Hill 1 and 2 347/382 MVA
1. The winter rating is presently limited by a substation component limit; with this limit resolved, the winter rating will be 493 MVA. 2. The winter rating is presently limited by a substation component limit; with this limit resolved, the winter rating will be 470 MVA.

Tiwai

Approved projects The Lower South Island Reliability Grid Upgrade Plan is a suite of projects to increase the grid backbone transmission capacity for power flow south from Roxburgh. Projects to remove the constraint on the grid backbone caused by the regional 110 kV grid include (see Chapter 19 for more information): replacing the Roxburgh 220/110 kV transformer with a higher rated transformer in November 2012 (this will slightly ease, but not remove, the existing constraints), and providing a 220/110 kV connection at Gore, and reconfigure the 110 kV network in 2014 (this will provide a measureable increase in south transmission capacity). There is also an approved project to further increase the south transmission capacity by installing a series capacitor on one of the two North MakarewaThree Mile Hill

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

circuits. The timing for this series capacitor will be reviewed in 2013, to optimise the timing of the upgrade. System condition 1 (north flow) This system condition tests power flowing north to Roxburgh: maximum South Island generation off peak South Island load (approximately 62% of island peak) maximum HVDC north transfer of 1,400 MW There are no issues with the transmission capacity south of Roxburgh during north power flow for the forecast period. System condition 2 (south flow) This system condition tests power flowing south of Roxburgh during periods of low generation, particularly at Manapouri. To avoid overloading of the grid backbone (after the Lower South Island Reliability upgrades are completed) requires increased minimum generation in the Southland area as the load in the area increases. In 2027, approximately 350 MW of generation is required (principally from Manapouri) to avoid overloading of the grid backbone circuits supplying the Southland load. Impact of Generation scenarios The five generation scenarios described in Chapter 5 have the following impacts on the circuits south of Roxburgh. Generation scenario 4 (coal) connects new generation at North Makarewa (240 MW wind in 2018, 400 MW peak thermal in 2025). This will cause the InvercargillNorth Makarewa circuit to overload, even with all circuits in service. Connecting new generation to a North MakarewaGoreThree Mile Hill circuit may cause the circuit to overload. There are no other grid backbone issues with additional generation (although all generation scenarios have 110 kV regional grid issues, see Chapter 19). Any additional generation will assist in managing the power system during periods of low generation. Outages The transmission capacity is reduced during outages, which will constrain the minimum and maximum generation in the Otago-Southland area. Resolving projects The above issues are emerging late in the forecast period. Transmission solutions to prevent overloading of the InvercargillNorth Makarewa circuit include a combination of: reconfiguring the grid by bussing the InvercargillManapouri circuit at North Makarewa thermally upgrading the InvercargillNorth Makarewa circuit(s), possibly combined with variable line ratings, and/or reconductoring the InvercargillNorth Makarewa circuits. Transmission solutions to prevent overloading of the North MakarewaGoreThree Mile Hill circuit include: a protection scheme to automatically reduce generation if the circuit overloads

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

a thermal upgrade of the circuits, combined with variable line rating and/or a reconductor of (part of) the circuit. Any further increase in south transmission capacity following completion of the Lower South Island Reliability projects will require a new transmission line. The present load forecasts do not indicate the need for a new transmission line. The low voltage during high levels of south transmission can be addressed by: increasing the rating of the existing North Makarewa capacitors from 50 Mvar to 28 75 Mvar additional capacitors operating Manapouri generators at 0 MW to provide voltage support.

28

The two existing 50 Mvar capacitors at North Makarewa are designed to be easily upgraded to 75 Mvar.

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

6.7

HVDC link overview


The High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) link connects the North and South Islands. For the North Island, the HVDC link provides access to the South Islands large hydro generation capacity, which may be important for the North Island in peak winter periods. For the South Island, the HVDC link provides access to the North Islands gas and coal generation, which is important for the South Island during dry periods. Without the HVDC link, more generation in both the North and South Islands would be needed. In addition, the HVDC link is essential for the electricity market as it allows generators in the North and South Islands to compete, putting downward pressure on prices and minimising the need to invest in expensive new generating stations. The HVDC link also plays an important part in allowing renewable energy sources to be managed between the two islands.

6.7.1

Existing HVDC link configuration Figure 6-16 shows a simplified schematic of the existing HVDC link, which comprises: a mercury arc converter (Pole 1), with a converter station at Benmore in the South Island and Haywards in the North Island a thyristor converter (Pole 2), with a converter station at Benmore in the South Island and Haywards in the North Island protection and control systems at Benmore and Haywards a 350 kV bipolar transmission line, 534 km long from Benmore to Fighting Bay on the shore of Cook Strait in the South Island and 37 km long from Haywards to Oteranga Bay on the shore of Cook Strait in the North Island three 350 kV undersea 40 km cables, with cable terminal stations at Fighting Bay and Oteranga Bay, and a land electrode at Bog Roy near Benmore in the South Island and a shore electrode at Te Hikowhenua near Haywards in the North Island.
Figure 6-16: Existing HVDC link
HAYWARDS 110 kV F1 47.5 Mvar F2 47.5 Mvar HAYWARDS 220 kV T1 BENMORE 220 kV T2 VG1 535 km DC line section South Island BENMORE 16 kV C8 + 270 kV Cable 6 35 km DC line section North Island Pole 1 assets Pole 2 assets F1 50.5 Mvar C9 Ground (Earth/Sea) Return Current mode VG2 VG3 C2 60 Mvar T5 VG4 C10 C1 60 Mvar R1 40 Mvar T2

C7

P1A

P1B

Pole 2 (existing thyristor Converters 700 MW) 40 km Cook Strait Cables Cable 5 - 350 kV

C3 C4 35 Mvar each

R5 40 Mvar

F3 79.3 Mvar F4 79.3 Mvar

F3 106.3 Mvar F4 106.3 Mvar

Cable 4

6.7.2

Future HVDC link configuration Figure 6-17 shows a simplified schematic of the HVDC link as it will be following the completion of the Pole 3 project in 2012/13. The Pole 3 project will replace the Pole 1 mercury arc converters with new converters similar to the existing Pole 2 converters, and connected to the 220 kV buses at Haywards and Benmore. The work includes:

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Chapter 6: Grid Backbone

new thyristor based converters at Benmore and Haywards, including the associated converter transformers and DC smoothing reactors new 220 kV AC filters at Benmore and Haywards replacement of the existing 110 kV AC filters at Haywards refurbishment of all synchronous condensers at Haywards and new 110/11 kV transformers for four of the condensers, and replacement of HVDC protection and controls.
Figure 6-17: Pole 2/Pole 3 HVDC link
Cable 5

Cable 6

New 220 kV Filter/s New Statcom


Pole 3 Thyristor converters (700 MW)
C7

+ 350 kV

New 220 kV Filter/s

T1

Existing Stage 1 1000 MW Stage 2 1200 MW C1 60 Mvar R1

C8

C9

40 Mvar T2

C10

Pole 2 existing Thyristor converters (700 MW)

C2

60 Mvar T5

C7-C10 65 Mvar each

F3 79.3 Mvar F4 79.3 Mvar 535 km DC line section South Island


Cable 4

F3

New 5th/7th Filter/s


C3 C4 35 Mvar each

- 350 kV

106. 3 Mvar

F4
106. 3 Mvar

R5 40 Mvar

BENMORE 220kV

40 km Cook Strait Cables

35 km DC line section North Island

HAYWARDS 220kV

HAYWARDS 110kV

Figure 6-18 shows a simplified diagram for a possible further expansion of the HVDC link to 1,400 MW north capacity following completion of the Pole 3 project. This would involve the installation of: one additional submarine cable additional filters at both Benmore and Haywards, and additional dynamic reactive support at Haywards.
Figure 6-18: Possible future HVDC link
Cable 5

Cable 6

220 kV Filter/s Statcom


Pole 3 Thyristor converters (700 MW)

+ 350 kV

New 220 kV Filter/s New Statcom


T1
C7

220 kV Filter/s

New 220 kV Filter/s

Existing after completion of Stage 2 Stage 3 1400 MW

C8

C1 60 Mvar

R1
C9

40 Mvar T2

C10

Pole 2 Thyristor converters (700 MW)

C2

60 Mvar T5

C7-C10 65 Mvar each

5th/7th Filter/s
F3 79.3 Mvar F4 79.3 Mvar 535 km DC line section South Island
Cable 4

F3

- 350 kV

Cable 7

106. 3 Mvar

F4
106. 3 Mvar

C3 C4 35 Mvar each

R5 40 Mvar

BENMORE 220kV

40 km Cook Strait Cables

35 km DC line section North Island

HAYWARDS 220kV

HAYWARDS 110kV

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6.8
6.8.1

HVDC link issues and project options


HVDC link capacity In 1992, the HVDC link capacity was 1,240 MW, with a Pole 1 capacity of 640 MW and a Pole 2 capacity of 700 MW. The HVDC link capacity is now significantly lower. Pole 1 is available for only limited operation, including north transfer only of between 130 MW and 200 MW. Pole 2 is normally available, with a maximum transfer of 700 MW. However, with only Pole 2 in operation, the HVDC link transfer is dependent on the reserve cover available, which significantly reduces the maximum practical transfer limit. It is economic to restore the HVDC link capacity. The Pole 3 project, to replace Pole 1, will provide an HVDC link capacity of 1,000 MW (north and south power flow), with a possible increase to 1,200 MW in 2014. It will not always be possible to use the full capacity of the HVDC link. Power transfer between the North and South Islands may be limited by the availability of instantaneous reserves and the capacity of the North and South Island transmission networks (refer to Sections 6.4 and 6.6 respectively). The other sections of the Annual Planning Report assume that the Pole 3 project to replace Pole 1 is completed in 2012/13.

6.8.2

State of existing equipment Pole 1 Pole 1 was commissioned in 1965. Half of the original Pole 1 was decommissioned in December 2009. The remaining half of Pole 1 is available under limited conditions: for normal operation, in response to Grid emergencies, and for testing. The conditions include north transfer between 130 MW and 200 MW, with automatic controls unavailable (except frequency modulation). Other conditions include a limit on the number of 29 starts, minimum operating time per start and cumulative operating time . When Pole 1 is not operating, HVDC bipole operation is not available. Without bipole operation, the HVDC is in monopolar operation, which results in: reduced HVDC capacity (one pole rather than two poles in operation) increased reserve cover from generation and load required for a Pole trip, and ground (sea/earth) return current. With regard to the reserve cover required, in bipole operation should one pole fail then the remaining pole can increase its power transfer, which provides some self cover. This could be partial or full load cover depending on pre-fault power flow of the remaining pole. There is no self cover possible in monopolar operation with only HVDC Pole 2 in service. The maximum possible transfer with only Pole 2 in service is 700 MW. However, the normal link transfer is dependent on the reserve cover available. This significantly reduces the practical transfer limit at most times. Also, a planned or unplanned outage under monopolar operation decouples the two islands, reducing the generation available to both islands and introducing price separation (or reduced competition).

29

For further details of the HVDC Pole 1 offer, see http://www.transpower.co.nz/grid-owner-notices.

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With regard to ground (sea/earth) return current, in monopolar operation all of the 30 HVDC current flows in the ground. To date, we have not had any problems with ground return current, other than wear on the sea/earth electrodes. The effect of the restricted operating conditions for Pole 1 highlights the need for its replacement. Pole 2 Pole 2 was commissioned in 1991, with a design life of 35 years for the main circuit equipment, although most of the equipment is expected to last longer. Some main circuit equipment is also common to Pole 1 and Pole 2 (neutral bus and electrode line equipment), which was also installed in the early 1990s. The nominal rating of Pole 2 is 560 MW, with a continuous overload of 700 MW. The continuous overload has proved very beneficial for limiting reserve requirements and managing emergency conditions. HVDC controls All the HVDC Pole 1 and bipole controls and protections date from when Pole 2 was installed in the early 1990s. These digital control systems face obsolescence because the lifetime of control systems (about 15-20 years) is shorter than that of the main circuit equipment, thus requiring at least one full replacement within the lifetime of the HVDC converter equipment. HVDC transmission lines The transmission line was originally built for +/- 250 kV 1200 A operation (600 MW bipole operation). During the hybrid link upgrade, the line was re-insulated to operate at 350 kV and thermally upgraded for maximum continuous current of 2000 A. Therefore, the line is capable of 700 MW per pole or 1,400 MW bipole operation. Most of the conductor on the line in the North Island is nearing the end of its serviceable life, based on condition assessment. Most of the conductor in the South Island is expected to have a remaining service life of several decades. About 100 of the 1,530 towers in the South Island need to be replaced to correct a number of conductor clearance and tower strength issues as part of the line maintenance work. HVDC submarine cables Three cables (each rated 500 MW at 350 kV) were installed as part of the Hybrid DC link upgrade project in the early 1990s. Between 1991 and 2004, the three cables had performed well with no major issues or failures. In October 2004, a cable failed and was out of service for six months while repairs were carried out. It was fortunate that this fault was in shallow water in Oteranga Bay so it could be repaired using a locally available barge, with sufficient time to mobilise a repair before the limited weather window in February/March ended. While the cause of failure is difficult to establish, and the balance of probabilities indicates that it is likely to be a localised problem, it is also possible that there is a latent design weakness or manufacturing defect which could result in another fault in the cable, or even one of the other cables.

30

In balanced bipole operation, the dc current in both poles is equal and opposite (within an accuracy of about 4 amps). Thus the current in one Pole returns through the other Pole, and the 4 amps of unbalanced current flows in the ground (sea/earth) electrode.

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There is a Cable Protection Zone (CPZ) to exclude external activities which might damage the cables. These cables are also under constant marine patrol preventing fishing and trawling activities within the CPZ. Regular Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) surveys are also undertaken to monitor the external condition of the cable and the environmental factors affecting the cables. The cables design and the CPZ help ensure the cables will achieve their 40 year design life. However, sea conditions and seabed movement makes Cook Strait one of the most aggressive locations for submarine cables in the world. The abrasioncorrosion conditions in Cook Strait are understood and mechanical deterioration is likely to be the determinant factor in determining the life expectancy of the cables. HVDC electrodes A bipolar HVDC link operating with balanced current in both poles has only a small amount of residual ground current. In unbalanced bipolar operation, or in monopolar operation, a return current path needs to be provided. The return current path is via the earth (ground), which requires a land electrode at Bog Roy, for Benmore, and a shore electrode at Te Hikowhenua, for Haywards station. These electrodes are designed for continuous operation at 2000 amps. This corresponds to 700 MW monopolar operation at 350 kV DC. It is capable of operating at 2400 A for intermittent (few hours at a time) operation. Monopolar operation depends on the availability and integrity of the electrodes to ensure safe operation of the link. The long term impact of operating in continuous monopolar operation at high power levels is not readily available. Since the partial decommissioning and restricted operation of Pole 1, monopolar operation of the HVDC link has been its normal operating mode. We and our contractors carry out regular maintenance work to ensure the integrity of these electrodes, and the electrodes remain within their design limits. Synchronous condensers There are eight synchronous condensers at Haywards, providing reactive support and improving system strength to enable stable operation of the HVDC link. The number of synchronous condensers that need to be in service depends on the HVDC bipole power transfer, if all other system conditions are equal. Four condensers are connected to the tertiary windings of the 220/110/11 kV interconnecting transformers. Two condensers are connected through recently installed new 110/11 kV transformers. The other two condensers are connected to the tertiary windings of the Pole 1 converter transformers. The Pole 1 transformers are nearing the end of their reliable economic life. The condensers were installed between 1955 and 1965 and are of very robust design and construction. Good international practice is for major overhaul and invasive maintenance every 15-20 years, which was last done in 1989-1992. In addition, much of the auxiliary equipment either no longer meets modern practice or is nearing the end of its reliable economic life. 6.8.3 Approved HVDC link projects (Stage 1 and 2) The HVDC Pole 3 project is an approved project, presently under construction, to increase the HVDC link capacity (refer to Section 6.8.1) and address equipment issues (refer to section 6.8.2). The Pole 3 project is in two stages: Stage 1 provides an HVDC link capacity of 1,000 MW, and Stage 2 provides an HVDC link capacity of 1,200 MW. Figure 6-17 (in Section 6.7.2) shows a simplified diagram for the two stages.

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The connection and commissioning of Pole 3 has the potential to significantly affect the operation of the power system and the electricity market. An industry group has been established to coordinate outage and commissioning activities to minimise these impacts. HVDC converters (Stage 1 1,000 MW) Pole 3 will have a nominal operating DC voltage of 350 kV and a continuous current rating of 2000 A, to give a 700 MW converter. The upper limit on the voltage is set by the existing line design and cable ratings. The maximum nominal current is limited by the line rating and the continuous rating of the new Pole 3 equipment. A 30 minute overload capacity of 1,000 MW for Pole 3 reduces the overall system reserve requirements. HVDC transfer north up to 1,000 MW in balanced 500/500 MW bipole operation is possible. Only three cables are available, which limits the self cover of the HVDC for a pole trip: Pole 3 will have two cables connected, so the short-term 1,000 MW capacity of Pole 3 is matched by the 1,000 MW cable capacity, but may be limited by the steady-state 700 MW rating of the transmission line. Pole 3 will provide a minimum cover up to 700 MW for a failure of Pole 2. Pole 2 will have one cable connected, so the 700 MW capacity of Pole 2 will be limited by the 500 MW rating of the cable. Pole 2 will provide cover up to 500 MW for a failure of Pole 3. As discussed in Section 6.8.1, the south transfer capability is limited by the capacity of the AC network in the North and South Islands, and varies significantly with the system demand in the Wellington region because of the AC system limitation. The HVDC controls will apply a maximum south transfer limit of 750 MW to represent this AC system limitation with all equipment in service and at a time of minimum system demand. The south transfer capability will reduce below this value as the demand increases (and during equipment outages). 110 kV filters at Haywards The 110 kV connected filters at Haywards, installed as part of the original HVDC Link th th in the mid 1960s, will be replaced by 5 /7 harmonic filters. Synchronous condensers at Haywards The eight existing condensers will be retained and refurbished. The two condensers that are connected to the Pole 1 mercury arc valve converter transformers will be reconnected to the 110 kV busbars with new transformers after Pole 1 is decommissioned. Pole 2 and Bipole protection and control The Pole 2 and Bipole control systems will be replaced with identical technology to that of new Pole 3. The Pole 2 valve firing controls will be replaced as part of the new Pole 2 control system, and will interface to the existing valve based electronics (which will be retained) at the thyristors. The new control system will be very flexible. It will monitor and control the HVDC transfer to manage system conditions at Haywards and Benmore and on the AC network at Haywards. The flexibility of the new control system will provide options to modify it, allowing the AC network to operate above the n-1 limit by relying on the HVDC control system to prevent post-contingency overloads.

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Haywards STATCOM (Stage 2 1,200 MW) In addition to the existing synchronous condensers, additional dynamic reactive power capacity will be required to achieve HVDC capacity greater than 1,000 MW, driven by two major functional requirements to: provide reactive support and improve voltage stability limit excessive transient or temporary overvoltage (TOV) following a bipole trip. A STATCOM with a substantial overload rating will provide the necessary dynamic reactive support for HVDC capacity of 1,200 MW. The STATCOM has a nominal rating of +60/-60 Mvar and a short-term rating which is expected to be a minimum of +100/-180 Mvar. HVDC north transfer up to 1,200 MW is possible with unbalanced 700/500 MW operation of Pole 3/Pole 2. Only three cables are available, which limits the self-cover of the HVDC for a pole trip as described for Stage 1. As for Stage 1, the south transfer capability is limited by the capacity of the AC network and will vary significantly with the system demand in the Wellington region. The HVDC controls at Stage 2 will limit the maximum south transfer to 850 MW with all equipment in service and at a time of minimum system demand. The increase from Stage 1 is due to the additional reactive support provided by the STATCOM. The south transfer capability will reduce below this value as the demand increases (and during equipment outages). HVDC line rating Each of the poles on the HVDC line has a steady state rating of 700 MW, whereas Pole 3 will have a minimum short-term rating of 1,000 MW for 30 minutes. The shortterm rating of the line depends on its pre-contingency loading and ambient air temperature. At times, the full short-term rating of Pole 3 may be restricted by the rating of the line. 6.8.4 Further HVDC developments HVDC link expansion to 1,400 MW Following the Pole 3 project, the HVDC Link can be further expanded to 1,400 MW north transfer capacity with the installation of: one additional submarine cable additional filters at both Benmore and Haywards, and additional dynamic reactive support at Haywards. Figure 6-18 (in Section 6.7.2) shows a simplified diagram for this possible upgrade. The HVDC controls will limit the maximum south transfer to 950 MW with all equipment in service and at a time of minimum system demand. The increase from Stage 2 is due to the additional reactive support at Haywards. The south transfer capability will reduce below this value as the demand increases (and during equipment outages) When planning for the additional cable, the condition and risks associated with the existing cables will also be reviewed and the need for a spare (fifth) cable will be assessed. The timing for this possible upgrade will be assessed following completion of the Pole 3 project. The earliest anticipated date for expansion to 1,400 MW is presently 2017 and we anticipate seeking approval from the Commission in 2014. This would be a major capex proposal and our project reference is HVDC-TRAN-DEV-03.

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We anticipate that a capacity increase to 1,400 MW will provide sufficient capacity to enable diversity of generation in the North and South Islands for the foreseeable future. HVDC line rating The HVDC lines capacity could be increased to allow the unconstrained use of the converters short-term overload rating for all operating conditions. We will monitor the use of the HVDC link to determine if and when an investigation for an upgrade of the HVDC line may be required. This is a possible major capex proposal and we anticipate seeking approval for this project at a date to be advised. Our project reference is HVDC-TRAN-DEV-02.

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

Northland Regional Plan


7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 Regional overview Northland transmission system Northland demand Northland generation Northland significant maintenance work Future Northland projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Northland transmission capability Other regional items of interest Northland generation proposals and opportunities

7.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Northland regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 7-1: Northland region

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

The Northland region load includes greater Auckland loads such as Henderson and Albany, a major industrial load at Bream Bay, and loads at smaller regional centres to the north. We have assessed the Northland regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

7.2

Northland transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Northland regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 7-1 and schematically in Figure 7-2.
Figure 7-2: Northland transmission schematic
Lines company assets

Kaitaia
33 kV 110 kV

Kaikohe
33 kV 110 kV 33 kV

Kensington

Bream Bay Maungatapere


33 kV 110 kV 50 kV 33 kV 220 kV

Marsden
220 kV 110 kV

Dargaville
11 kV 50 kV

Maungaturoto Wellsford

110 kV

110 kV

33 kV

Silverdale
33 kV KEY
220kV CIRCUIT 110kV CIRCUIT 50kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER LOAD CAPACITOR SVC STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR BONDED CIRCUIT SVC

220 kV

Huapai
220 kV 110 kV

33 kV

Albany
VECTOR WAIRAU ROAD
110 kV

33 kV 220 kV

Henderson

110 kV 33 kV

Otahuhu Southdown

Mount Roskill

Hepburn Road

AUCKLAND

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7.2.1

Transmission into the region The Northland region is supplied through Auckland by a 220 kV double-circuit line from Otahuhu, with Southdown power station connected into one of these circuits just north of Otahuhu, and a 110 kV double-circuit line from Mount Roskill. The Northland regions generation capacity is well short of the local demand. Most of the regions power requirements must be imported into the region through Auckland. We have committed to a major project to improve security of supply into the Northland region. The North Auckland and Northland (NAaN) project (see Chapter 8 for more information) includes a 220 kV cable from Pakuranga to Penrose and on to Albany. This will approximately double the n-1 capacity into Northland, and will take a different route across Auckland from the existing 220 kV circuits. When required, a second 220 kV cable will be installed along a similar cable route.

7.2.2

Transmission within the region Transmission within the Northland region consists of three sub-regions. The first sub-region consists of five substations within the Auckland city area. The substations are connected through high capacity 220 kV circuits or relatively high 32 capacity 110 kV circuits. There are six capacitor banks and a static var compensator (SVC) for voltage support. The second sub-region is the high capacity 220 kV double-circuit line from Huapai to Marsden and Bream Bay. Two static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) are being installed at Marsden for voltage support. The third sub-region is around Maungatapere, supplied mainly through the 110 kV double-circuit MarsdenMaungatapere line. There is also a low capacity backup double circuit HendersonMaungatapere line, with substations at Wellsford and Maungaturoto. From Maungatapere there is a 110 kV double-circuit line to Kensington and a 110 kV double-circuit line to Kaikohe. There are also two 50 kV single-circuit MaungatapereDargaville lines. At present, voltage support for the sub-region is provided by capacitors at Kaitaia and, within the distribution, at Kaikohe. There are five 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers: two at Henderson, one at Albany, and two at Marsden.
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7.2.3

Additional voltage support The sub-region around Maungatapere will require additional voltage support in both the short and long term. Technically, the most effective voltage support solution is to over-compensate the system by installing additional capacitors at Kaitaia, so reactive power flows from Kaitaia to Kaikohe and Maungatapere. If additional voltage support is installed at Maungatapere, then higher capacity equipment must be installed to achieve the same voltage set point. This may require STATCOMs or similar technology rather than lower cost capacitors.

7.2.4

Longer-term development path The North Auckland and Northland (NAaN) project is expected to secure transmission into Northland well beyond the 15-year forecast period. In the longer term, an additional 220 kV circuit will be required to retain adequate security. This is likely to be a second cable between Penrose and Albany.

31

32

The five lower sub-region substations are Henderson, Huapai, Albany, Silverdale and Hepburn Road. A 30 Mvar capacitor bank, connected to the 11 kV tertiary of the Henderson T1 220/110 kV transformer, will soon be decommissioned.

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

No new transmission lines are expected to be required from the North Isthmus to Northland to provide additional transmission capacity. At most, one of the two 220 kV circuits from Huapai to Bream Bay and Marsden may need to be reconductored from simplex to duplex (the other circuit is already duplex), and the two 110 kV HendersonMaungatapere circuits may also need to be reconductored. A new transmission line will be required if an increase in security is required at some time in the future, particularly if security needs to be maintained during maintenance outages.

7.3

Northland demand
The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Northland region is forecast to grow on average by 2.2% annually over the next 15 years, from 908 MW in 2012 to 1,254 MW by 2027. This is higher than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 7-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 33 demand (after diversity ) for the Northland region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.
Figure 7-3: Northland region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Northland
Load (MW) 1300

1200

1100

1000

900

800 2011 APR Forecast 700 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 600 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 7-1 lists forecast peak demand (prudent growth) for each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.

33

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

Table 7-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at Northland grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Albany 33 kV Albany 110 kV (Wairau Rd)1 Bream Bay2 Dargaville Henderson
3

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2013 165 165 46 13 134 170 71 55 65 18 82 36 2014 170 170 46 14 138 175 73 56 66 18 85 37 2015 175 175 47 14 142 180 74 57 68 19 87 38 2016 180 180 48 14 146 186 75 59 70 19 90 39 2017 186 186 49 14 151 191 77 60 71 19 93 40 2019 197 197 52 15 160 203 79 62 75 20 98 42 160 160 45 13 130 165 70 54 63 18 80 35 5-15 years out 2021 207 207 53 16 168 213 82 65 78 21 103 43 2023 215 215 55 16 175 222 84 67 81 21 108 45 2025 224 224 56 16 182 231 87 70 84 22 112 47 2027 231 231 57 17 187 238 90 72 86 23 115 49

0.99 0.99 0.95 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.99

Hepburn Road Kensington4 Maungatapere 33 kV Kaikohe5 Maungaturoto Silverdale Wellsford 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

A new grid exit point at Wairau Road is planned for commissioning in 2013. This will take some load from the Albany 110 kV grid exit point, although the exact split is not known. The customer advised there are some major step increases proposed at Bream Bay that should be included in the prudent forecast. In particular, 2 MW additional load included in 2019. The customer advised that their forecast is lower than Transpowers forecast. The customer advised of load transfers between Kensington and Maungatapere. These affect the observed peaks with the amount varying year-on-year. Kaikohe is supplied on two 110 kV feeders from Maungatapere. In previous years, the APR provided separate load forecasts for Kaikohe and Kaitaia; these are now combined in a single load forecast for Kaikohe.

7.4

Northland generation
The Northland regions generation capacity is approximately 54 MW, well short of the local demand. Proposals for new generation in the Northland region have been announced, but as yet are not committed (see Section 7.10 for more information). Table 7-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations including those embedded within the relevant local 34 lines companys network (Vector, Northpower or Top Energy).
Table 7-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at Northland grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) Albany (Rosedale1) Bream Bay (Marsden Diesel) Kaikohe (Ngawha) Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 3 9 27 2013 3 9 27 2014 3 9 27 2015 3 9 27 2016 3 9 27 2017 3 9 27 2019 3 9 27 5-15 years out 2021 3 9 27 2023 3 9 27 2025 3 9 27 2027 3 9 27

34

Only generators with a capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt.

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

Grid injection point (location if embedded) Maungatapere (Wairua) Silverdale (Redvale) 1.

Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 5 10 2013 5 10 2014 5 10 2015 5 10 2016 5 10 2017 5 10 2019 5 10 5-15 years out 2021 5 10 2023 5 10 2025 5 10 2027 5 10

Rosedale generation is limited to approximately 1 MW due to insufficient gas at the site. This amount is not expected to rise significantly within the next few years.

7.5

Northland significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 7-3 lists the 35 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the Northland region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.
Table 7-3: Proposed significant maintenance work
Description Albany 220/110/11 kV interconnecting transformer expected end-of-life Albany 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Tentative year 2022-2024 Related system issues The appropriate replacement option will be considered and carried out in conjunction with the Henderson interconnecting transformers replacement. Albany supply transformer n-1 capacity is limited by transformer branch component limits. The work to remove these limits will be coordinated with the 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion work. See Section 7.8.9 for more information. The appropriate replacement option will be considered and carried out in conjunction with the Albany interconnecting transformer replacement. Henderson supply transformer n-1 capacity is limited by transformer branch component limits. The work to remove these limits will be coordinated with the 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion work. See Section 7.8.13 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. The forecast load at Kensington already exceeds the Kensington transformer n-1 capacity. See Section 7.8.15 for information. The forecast load at Dargaville already exceeds the Maungatapere transformer n-1 capacity. See Section 7.8.11 for more information. The forecast load at Maungatapere already exceeds the transformer n-1 capacity. See Section 7.8.16 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. The forecast load at Wellsford already exceeds the transformer n-1 capacity. See Section 7.8.19 for more information.

2020-2023

Henderson 220/110/11 kV interconnecting transformers expected end-of-life Henderson 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion

2023-2025

2014-2016

Hepburn Road 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Kensington supply transformer expected end-of-life Maungatapere 110/50 kV transformers expected end-of-life Maungatapere 110/33 kV transformers expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Maungaturoto 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Wellsford supply transformers expected end-of-life

2014-2016 2027-2029

2012-2014

2018-2020 2022-2025 2017-2019 2015-2017

35

This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

7.6

Future Northland projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 7-4 lists projects to be carried out in the Northland region within the next 15 years. Figure 7-4 shows the possible configuration of Northland transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 7-4: Projects in the Northland region up to 2027
Site Albany Projects Replace interconnecting transformer. Resolve supply transformers protection and circuit breaker limits. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Construct a new 220 kV underground cable link. Status Base Capex Possible Base Capex Committed

Albany Wairau Road Hobson Street Penrose Bream Bay Dargaville

Resolve supply transformer protection limits. Use the 15 MVA short-term capacity of the supply transformers. Increase the supply transformers thermal capacity by adding fans and pumps. Replace switchgear on the interconnecting transformers. Replace interconnecting transformers. Install a new 220/33 kV supply transformer Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Install a special protection scheme to automatically split the system. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Split the Huapai 220 kV bus. Thermal upgrade the circuits. Install a second 20 Mvar binary switched capacitor bank. Replace supply transformers with higher-rated units. Upgrade 33 kV switchboard. Resolve protection limits on the KensingtonMaungatauere circuits. Install two new STATCOMs. Replace interconnecting transformers with higher-rated units. Replace 110/50 kV supply transformers with two higher-rated units. Replace 110/33 kV supply transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Resolve supply transformers protection and metering limits. Recalibrate supply transformers metering parameters. Replace existing 110/33 kV supply transformers. Construct a new grid exit point.

Base Capex Possible Possible Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex Possible Base Capex Possible Possible Possible Possible Base Capex Base Capex Committed Possible Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Committed

Henderson

Henderson Wellsford Hepburn Road Huapai Kaikohe Maungatapere Kaitaia Kensington Kensington Maungatapere Marsden Maungatapere

Maungaturoto Silverdale Wellsford Wairau Road

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

Figure 7-4: Possible Northland transmission configuration in 2027


Lines company assets

Kaitaia
33 kV 110 kV

Kaikohe
33 kV 110 kV 33 kV

Kensington

Bream Bay
33 kV

*
Marsden
STC

33 kV

Maungatapere
110 kV 50 kV

* kV 220
220 kV

Dargaville
11 kV 50 kV 110 kV

110 kV

Maungaturoto

*
33 kV

110 kV

Wellsford

33 kV

Silverdale
33kV KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

*
SVC

220 kV

Huapai
220 kV 110 kV

*33 kV
Albany
VECTOR WAIRAU ROAD WAIRAU ROAD 220 kV 33 kV 110 kV 33 kV Penrose

MINOR UPGRADE

33 kV 220 kV

*
Henderson

110 kV

Otahuhu Southdown

Mount Roskill

Hepburn Road

AUCKLAND

AUCKLAND

7.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 7-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 7-5: Changes since 2011
Issues Albany supply transformer capacity Bream Bay supply transformer capacity Dargaville supply transformer capacity HendersonWellsford 110 kV transmission capacity Kaikohe supply transformer capacity Kaitaia transmission security Kaitaia supply transformer capacity Marsden interconnection transformer capacity Maungaturoto supply transformer capacity Silverdale supply transformer capacity Change New issue. New issue. New issue. New issue. Removed. These assets have been transferred to Top Energy. New issue. New issue. New issue.

7.8

Northland transmission capability


Table 7-6 summarises issues involving the Northland region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

Table 7-6: Northland region transmission issues


Section number Regional 7.8.1 7.8.2 7.8.3 7.8.4 7.8.5 7.8.6 7.8.7 7.8.8 Henderson interconnecting transformer capacity HendersonWellsford transmission capacity Marsden interconnecting transformer capacity North Auckland and the Northland region transmission capacity North of Henderson transmission capacity North of Huapai transmission security North of Marsden low voltage Upper North Island voltage instability for grid backbone contingencies Issue

Site by grid exit point 7.8.9 7.8.10 7.8.11 7.8.12 7.8.13 7.8.14 7.8.15 7.8.16 7.8.17 7.8.18 7.8.19 Albany supply transformer capacity Bream Bay supply transformer capacity Dargaville transmission security Dargaville supply transformer capacity Henderson supply transformer capacity KaikoheMaungatapere 110 kV transmission capacity Kensington transmission security and supply transformer capacity Maungatapere supply transformer capacity Maungaturoto supply transformer capacity Silverdale supply transformer capacity Wellsford supply transformer capacity

7.8.1

Henderson interconnecting transformer capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HEN-POW_TFR_DIS-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2023 A

Issue There are two 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers at Henderson, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 400 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 229/229 MVA
36

(summer/winter).

Switchgear on the Henderson T1 transformer restricts its n-1 capacity to 229 MVA. Loading on these transformers may exceed their n-1 capacity during peak load from 2014. In addition, Vector is able to transfer approximately 90 MW of load from Penrose to Mount Roskill. If this occurs during peak load periods, the load on the Henderson interconnecting transformers will exceed their n-1 capacity.

36

The transformers capacity is limited by switchgear; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 254/270 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

Solution Commissioning of the NAaN project, scheduled for completion in 2013, will delay the issue to 2023. If required, we will replace the limiting switchgear on the Henderson interconnecting transformers to enable full use of their post-contingency capacity of 254/270 MVA (summer/winter). In addition, the interconnecting transformers at Henderson have an expected end-oflife within the forecast period. The appropriate replacement option will be considered and carried out in conjunction with the Albany interconnecting transformer replacement (see Section 7.5). 7.8.2 HendersonWellsford transmission capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HEN_MPE-TRAN-EHMT-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid) 2024 To be advised

Issue There are two 110 kV circuits between Henderson and Wellsford, each rated at 55/68 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of one HendersonWellsford circuit will cause the other circuit to exceed its n-1 capacity from 2024. Solution The most likely solution will be to split the 110 kV network between Henderson and Maungatapere to remove the overload. Another possible option is to thermally upgrade the HendersonWellsford circuits. The options to resolve the issue will be investigated closer to the need date. 7.8.3 Marsden interconnecting transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: MDN-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid) 2023 New interconnecting transformer: B

Issue There are two 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers at Marsden, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 300 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 180/188 MVA (summer/winter). Loading on these transformers may exceed their n-1 capacity during peak load from 2023. Solution The Marsden site is developed to install a third 220/110 kV transformer, and convert the 220 kV and 110 kV buses to three zones. 7.8.4 North Auckland and the Northland region transmission capacity
Project context: Project reference: Project status/purpose: NAaN ALB_PAK-TRAN-DEV-01 Committed, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid)

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Q4 2013 G

Issue Two 220 kV HendersonOtahuhu circuits supply the Northland regions load, with the parallel 110 kV OtahuhuRoskillHepburnHenderson circuits supplying Mount Roskill from both the north and south under normal grid configuration. The 220 kV circuit capacities are limited by station equipment at Henderson to 915 MVA per circuit. The conductor rating of each circuit is 938/984 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of a HendersonOtahuhu circuit may cause the HendersonSouthdown circuit to exceed its branch rating by winter 2017. A double-circuit outage of the 220 kV HendersonOtahuhu line will result in a significantly lower capacity for supplying the North Auckland and Northland load, via the 110 kV transmission network. Solution We are committed to implementing the NAaN project in 2013 (see Chapter 8 for more information). This will ensure loading on the 220 kV HendersonOtahuhu circuits remains within the n-1 capacity, and improve reliability of supply to the Northland region. 7.8.5 North of Henderson transmission capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The 220 kV HendersonHuapai 1 circuit is rated at 457/457 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of the parallel 220 kV AlbanyHenderson 3 circuit may cause the 220 kV HendersonHuapai 1 circuit to exceed its branch rating during peak winter load periods. The present system allows transfer of the Liverpool Street load through Vectors network to Mount Roskill, if required. This will increase the loading on the HendersonHuapai 1 circuit. Solution Completion of the NAaN project in 2013 provides a second 220 kV connection into Albany from the south, resolving the capacity issue in the long term. 7.8.6 North of Huapai transmission security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HPI-BUSC-DEV-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2013 A
37

Issue The Huapai switching station comprises three circuit breakers: one on each of the 220 kV circuits connecting Marsden and Bream Bay, and

37

The capacity of this circuit is limited by substation equipment at Henderson; with this limit resolved, the capacity will be 666/740 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 7: Northland Region

a shared circuit breaker for the two incoming 220 kV circuits from Albany and Henderson. If the shared circuit breaker fails to trip following a fault, both the incoming circuits will trip, leaving the entire load north of Huapai supplied by the low capacity 110 kV HendersonMaungatapere circuits. This will result in significant load shedding. Solution Splitting the Huapai bus once the NAaN project is completed (see Chapter 8) will resolve this issue. 7.8.7 North of Marsden low voltage
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: MDN-C_BANKS-DEV-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid) and/or customerspecific To be advised To be advised

Issue Increasing load lowers the voltage in the Northland region. An outage of: the 220 kV HuapaiMarsden circuit from 2013 will cause low voltages at the Marsden and Bream Bay 220 kV buses and at the Maungatapere, Dargaville, Kaikohe, and Kaitaia supply buses. one of the 110 kV MarsdenMaungatapere circuits will cause low voltages at Maungatapere, Kaikohe, and Dargaville from 2013. one of the 110 kV KaikoheMaungatapere circuits will cause low voltages at Kaikohe from 2013. Solution The low voltage issues due to the loss of a 220 kV circuit will be solved by installing two STATCOMs at Marsden, with commissioning scheduled for 2014 (see Chapter 8, Section 8.8.1). This will resolve the low voltage issue for the forecast period and beyond. The low voltage issue due to the loss of a 110 kV circuit can be resolved as a transmission investment by installing reactive support at Kaitaia and/or Maungatapere, or as a non-transmission alternative by installing capacitors at Kaikohe. The reactive support is most effective if installed at Kaitaia to avoid low voltages at all other substations. Greater amounts of reactive support are required if the reactive support is solely at Kaikohe or Maungatapere. Addressing the low voltage issue due to the loss of a 110 kV circuit involves a trade-off between operating at a lower than normal voltage, transmission investment in reactive support, and investment within the distribution network (non-transmission 38 alternatives). Options include : operating at a low voltage (for example, 0.9 p.u. at the Kaitaia 110 kV bus), and following a circuit outage, automatically switching in the existing binary switched capacitors at Kaitaia operating within the standard voltage range by switching in the Kaitaia capacitors, and accepting a 20% voltage drop should the Kaitaia capacitors trip

38

The figures given in the options list are with the existing 4 x 5 Mvar of capacitors at Kaikohe, within Top Energys network. Other figures apply if the capacitors are not available.

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at Kaitaia, installing 20 Mvar of binary switched capacitors (a duplicate of the existing binary switched capacitor bank at Kaitaia), so the voltage is always within the standard range, or at Maungatapere, installing 60 Mvar by 2018 and 80 Mvar by 2022, so the voltage is always within the standard range. Capacitor-based reactive support at Maungatapere will require many small capacitor banks to limit the voltage step when switching the capacitors. This may result in an unrealistic capacitor bank installation, requiring a STATCOM instead. Installing capacitors at Kaitaia will result in a leading power factor at the Transpower and Top Energy boundary following asset transfer. Addressing the low voltage issues due to 110 kV circuit outages will also address the low voltage issues due to 220 kV circuit outages beyond 2018. 7.8.8 Upper North Island voltage instability for grid backbone contingencies
Project status/purpose: See Chapter 6, Sections 6.4.1 and 6.4.2

Issue As demand in the Auckland and Northland regions grows, voltage stability margins will deteriorate to the point where there are several generators and circuit contingencies on the grid backbone that can cause voltage control problems within the Northland region (see Chapter 6, Sections 6.4.1 and 6.4.2, for more information). Solution We have proposed and committed to a number of projects to solve the issues identified. These are detailed under the North Island Grid Backbone Issues and Project Options (see Chapter 6, Sections 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 for more information). 7.8.9 Albany supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: ALB-POW_TFR_EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2023 A

Issue Three 220/33 kV transformers (two rated at 100 MVA and one at 120 MVA) supply Albanys load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 320 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 234/234 MVA
39

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Albany is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2023, increasing to approximately 16 MW in 2027 (see Table 7-7).
Table 7-7: Albany supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Albany 0.99 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 0 5-15 years out 2021 0 2023 1 2025 9 2027 16

39

The transformers capacity is limited by a protection limit; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 244/258 MVA (summer/winter).

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Solution We will convert the Albany 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next 5-10 years. This will resolve the transformers protection and circuit breaker limits until 2027. Future investment will be customer driven. 7.8.10 Bream Bay supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: BRB-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2021 A

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Bream Bays load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 200 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 59/59 MVA
40

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Bream Bay is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2021, increasing to approximately 4 MW in 2027 (see Table 7-7).
Table 7-8: Bream Bay supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Bream Bay 0.95 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 0 5-15 years out 2021 1 2023 2 2025 3 2027 4

Solution Increasing the transformers protection limits will resolve the overload issue beyond the forecast period. 7.8.11 Dargaville transmission security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: MPE-POW_TFR-REPL-01 Base Capex, replacement 2012-2014 B

Issue Two 110/50 kV transformers (rated at 10 MVA and 30 MVA) at Maungatapere connected to two 50 kV circuits supply Dargavilles load. These transformers provide: a total nominal installed capacity of 40 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 13/14 MVA (summer/winter). The total load on the Maungatapere transformers equals the Dargaville load plus transmission line losses. The peak load at Dargaville already exceeds the transformers n-1 summer capacity by 2 MW, and the overload is forecast to increase to approximately 6 MW in 2027.

40

The transformers capacity is limited by protection limits; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 108/108 MVA (summer/winter).

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Solution Both 110/50 kV transformers at Maungatapere have an expected end-of-life within the next five years. Two 20 or 25 MVA replacement transformers will have sufficient capacity for the forecast period and beyond. We will discuss with Northpower the details of the timing and capacity for the replacement transformers. 7.8.12 Dargaville supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: DAR-POW-TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific 2013 Add fans and/or pumps: A

Issue Two 50/11 kV transformers supply Dargavilles load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 15 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 14/14 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Dargaville is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 5 MW in 2027 (see Table 7-9).
Table 7-9: Dargaville supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Dargaville 0.97 1 2013 2 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2 2015 2 2016 2017 2 3 2019 3 5-15 years out 2021 4 2023 4 2025 5 2027 5

Solution We will discuss future supply options with Northpower. Possible options include: using the transformers 15 MVA short term n-1 capacity using operational measures to manage the peak load within the transformers n-1 capacity, and increasing the transformers thermal capacity by adding fans and/or pumps. Future investment will be customer driven. 7.8.13 Henderson supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HEN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific To be advised B

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Hendersons load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 240 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 135/135 MVA
41

(summer/winter).

41

The transformers capacity is limited by a bus section, circuit breaker and disconnector; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 146/153 MVA (summer/winter).

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The peak load at Henderson is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 2 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 59 MW in 2027 (see Table 7-10).
Table 7-10: Henderson supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Henderson 0.99 2 2013 6 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 10 2015 14 2016 2017 18 23 2019 32 5-15 years out 2021 40 2023 47 2025 54 2027 59

Solution We will also convert the Henderson 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. This will raise the n-1 limit but will not resolve the issue. In addition, Vector has the ability to shift load between Henderson and Hepburn Road, providing an operational solution when the issue arises. A longer-term option is to install a third supply transformer. 7.8.14 KaikoheMaungatapere 110 kV transmission capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: KOE_MPE-TRAN-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific To be advised To be advised

Issue Two 110 kV KaikoheMaungatapere circuits supply Kaikohe, with onward transmission to Kaitaia. The two circuits provide: a total nominal installed capacity of 141/155 MVA (summer/winter), and n-1 capacity of 63/77 MVA (summer/winter). The combined peak load of Kaikohe and Kaitaia is forecast to exceed the transmission n-1 capacity from 2014 when Ngawha is not generating. Solution The Ngawha generation station is embedded behind the Kaikohe supply bus. With Ngawha generating 10 MW, the issue can be delayed until 2019. If Ngawha is generating nearer its peak of 25 MW, the issue can be delayed to the end of the forecast period. The issue may also be managed operationally by Top Energy limiting the net peak load to the circuits capacity. A possible longer-term option is to thermally upgrade the KaikoheMaungatapere circuits. Future investment will be customer driven. 7.8.15 Kensington transmission security and supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: KEN-SUB-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific To be advised To be advised

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Issue Two 110 kV circuits supply Kensingtons load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 293/323 MVA (summer/winter), and n-1 capacity of 70/70 MVA
42

(summer/winter).

There is no 110 kV bus at Kensington. Each circuit operates in series with a 110/33 kV transformer. A fault on either the transmission circuit or transformer will cause both the circuit and transformer to be out of service. Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Kensingtons load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 100 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 59/62 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of one KensingtonMaungatapere circuit and a supply transformer will cause: the other circuit to exceed its winter branch rating from 2012, and the other supply transformer to exceed its n-1 winter capacity by approximately 12 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 32 MW in 2027 (see Table 7-11).
Table 7-11: Kensington supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Kensington 0.99 12 2013 13 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 14 2015 16 2016 2017 17 18 2019 21 5-15 years out 2021 24 2023 26 2025 29 2027 32

Solution Northpower can transfer significant load within its network from Kensington to Maungatapere following a line and a transformer failure and does not consider a project necessary at this time. In the longer term, developments to resolve this issue include: an upgrade of the Kensington grid exit point, including supply transformers and the 33 kV switchboard, and resolving the protection limits on the KensingtonMaungatapere circuits. In addition, the Kensington supply transformers have an expected end-of-life within the forecast period. Future investment will be customer driven. 7.8.16 Maungatapere supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Maungataperes load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 37/39 MVA (summer/winter). Maungataperes summer demand peaks are approaching its winter peaks. The peak load at Maungatapere is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 20 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 39 MW in 2027 (see Table 7-12).

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The circuits capacity is limited by the protection; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 152/152 MVA (summer/winter).

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Table 7-12: Maungatapere supply transformer overload forecast


Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Maungatapere 0.96 20 2013 21 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 23 2015 24 2016 2017 25 26 2019 29 5-15 years out 2021 31 2023 34 2025 36 2027 39

Northpower can transfer significant load within its network between Maungatapere and Kensington following a transformer failure. This effectively makes Maungatapere and Kensington a single load when considering supply transformer capacity. Solution Load growth at Maungatapere is expected to be limited by Northpower, which advises that it intends to permanently shift load from this grid exit point to Kensington in approximately 2016 to avoid the need to upgrade. The Maungatapere 110/33 kV transformers have an expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years. 7.8.17 Maungaturoto supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: MTO-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2019 A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Maungaturotos load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 50 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 20/20 MVA
43

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Maungaturoto is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by 1 MW in 2019, increasing to approximately 3 MW in 2027 (see Table 7-13).
Table 7-13: Maungaturoto supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Maungaturoto 0.99 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 1 5-15 years out 2021 1 2023 2 2025 3 2027 3

Solution We will convert the Maungaturoto 33 kV outdoor switchyard to an indoor switchboard within the next 5-10 years. Protection and metering limits will be resolved at the same time. This will solve the supply transformer capacity issue for the forecast period and beyond. 7.8.18 Silverdale supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: SVL-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2023 A

43

The transformers capacity is limited by protection and metering limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 31/33 MVA (summer/winter).

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Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Silverdales load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 220 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 109/109 MVA
44

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Silverdale is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2023, increasing to approximately 9 MW in 2027 (see Table 7-14).
Table 7-14: Silverdale supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Silverdale 0.99 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 0 5-15 years out 2021 0 2023 1 2025 6 2027 9

Solution Recalibrating the metering parameters resolves the issue for the forecast period and beyond. 7.8.19 Wellsford supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: WEL-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2013 A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Wellsfords load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 31/31 MVA
45

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Wellsford already exceeds the transformers n-1 winter capacity, and the overload is forecast to increase to approximately 20 MW in 2027 (see Table 7-15). Both existing transformers are made up of three single-phase units, with no spare unit on site.
Table 7-15: Wellsford supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Wellsford 0.99 7 2013 8 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 9 2015 9 2016 2017 10 11 2019 13 5-15 years out 2021 15 2023 17 2025 18 2027 20

Solution In the short term, we are investigating resolving the protection and metering limits to enable use of the transformers full capacity. This will increase the n-1 capacity to 37/39 MVA (summer/winter), deferring the issue for two years.

44

45

The transformers capacity is limited by a metering limit, followed by a cable limit (120 MVA); with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 126/132 MVA (summer/winter). The transformers capacity is limited by protection equipment and metering limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 37/39 MVA (summer/winter).

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Both 110/33 kV transformers at Wellsford have an expected end-of-life within the next five years. We will discuss with Vector the rating and timing for the replacement transformers.

7.9

Other regional items of interest


There are no other items of interest identified to date beyond those set out in Section 7.8. See Section 7.10 for more information about specific generation proposals relevant to this region.

7.10

Northland generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. See our website for more 46 information about connecting generation.

7.10.1 Maximum regional generation The following maximum generation estimates assume a light North Island load profile and that existing generation is high (Ngawha generating 25 MW). For generation connected at the Maungatapere 110 kV bus, the maximum generation that can be injected under n-1 is approximately 270 MW. The constraint is due to one Marsden interconnector when the other interconnector is out of service. For generation connected at the Huapai 220 kV bus, the maximum generation that can be injected under n-1 is approximately 560 MW. The constraint is due to the HendersonHuapai 1 circuit overloading when AlbanyHuapai 1 is out of service. This may increase to 750 MW if a substation equipment constraint on this circuit is removed. 7.10.2 Generation injection at Kaikohe and Maungatapere Kaikohe In addition to Ngawha generation, the combined generation injection at Kaikohe and Kaitaia is limited to approximately 70 MW by the rating of the two 110 kV Kaikohe Maungatapere circuits. Thermally upgrading the circuits will allow approximately 100 MW of generation, while replacing the conductor will allow approximately 140 MW of generation. The generation limits above can be increased to approximately 150 MW, 200 MW and 280 MW, respectively, if the additional generation is connected directly to the Kaikohe bus and automatically tripped if a KaikoheMaungatapere circuit trips. Other parts of the transmission network may also limit the maximum level of generation. Maungatapere Generation of approximately 300-350 MW can be connected directly or indirectly at Maungatapere. This includes generation at Kaitaia, Kaikohe, and Dargaville and, for some system configurations, generation connected to the 110 kV Henderson Maungatapere line (see also Section 7.10.3). Higher levels of generation may be
46

http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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possible by replacing some equipment at substations, upgrading the Marsden interconnection capacity, and thermally upgrading the HendersonMaungatapere line. 7.10.3 Generation connected to the 110 kV HendersonMaungatapere line There is a 110 kV double-circuit line from Henderson to Wellsford, Maungaturoto, and Maungatapere. Each circuit is rated at 56/68 MVA. Generation up to a total of approximately 200 MW can be connected, provided a system split is put in place with half the generation transmitted towards Maungatapere and half towards Henderson. In addition, if one circuit is out of service, the generation must be automatically reduced to match the capacity of the remaining circuit. The two circuits can be thermally upgraded to allow approximately 300 MW of generation, or have replacement conductors to allow even greater generation. Generation transmitted towards Maungatapere forms part of the generation injection limit into Maungatapere (see Section 7.10.2 for more information). 7.10.4 Generation connected to the 220 kV HuapaiMarsden line There is a 220 kV double-circuit line from Huapai (north of Auckland) to Marsden and Bream Bay (in Northland), which is the main connection to the Northland region. One circuit is predominantly a simplex conductor and the other is a duplex conductor, with 47 ratings of 333/370 MVA and 666/740 MVA , respectively. Generation can be connected along this line, not just at existing substations. Maximum generation of between 300 MW and 500 MW may be possible depending on which circuit the generation connects into, with the simplex Bream BayHuapai conductor being the limiting component. New generation elsewhere in the Northland region will reduce this limit.

47

The actual circuit rating is presently limited to 457 MVA due to some substation equipment, which is relatively easy and inexpensive to replace in the context of generation connection. Therefore, the limit is ignored in the context of this discussion.

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Chapter 8: Auckland Region

Auckland Regional Plan


8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 Regional overview Auckland transmission system Auckland demand Auckland generation Auckland significant maintenance work Future Auckland projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Auckland transmission capability Other regional items of interest Auckland generation proposals and opportunities

8.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Auckland regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 8-1: Auckland Region

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The Auckland region has some of the highest load densities in New Zealand, coupled with relatively low levels of local generation. We have assessed the Auckland regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

8.2

Auckland transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Auckland regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 8-1 and schematically in Figure 8-2.
Figure 8-2: Auckland transmission schematic
NORTHLAND
Henderson Hepburn Road

VECTOR CBD 22 kV VECTOR CBD 33 kV

Penrose
220 kV 110 kV

110 kV

Mount Roskill
22 kV

Southdown Pakuranga
220 kV 33 kV 220 kV

SC

KEY
SC

Otahuhu
110 kV 22 kV

220kV CIRCUIT 110kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER TEE POINT LOAD CAPACITOR UNDERGROUND CABLE BONDED CIRCUIT
SC

Mangere

220 kV 110 kV

33 kV 110 kV

Otahuhu Combined Cycle

220 kV

Wiri
33 kV 110 kV 110 kV 33 kV

SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSER GENERATOR

Takanini
33 kV 220 kV

Bombay

Drury Glenbrook
220 kV 33 kV 220 kV Huntly Ohinewai Whakamaru Arapuni Hamilton

WAIKATO

WAIKATO

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8.2.1

Transmission into/through the region As approximately 70% of the Auckland and Northland regions peak electricity demand is supplied by generation located south of Bombay, transmission is necessary to keep the energy flowing into Auckland and through to North Auckland and the Northland region. There are three major projects and a series of small projects that we are progressing to ensure that the Auckland region has secure transmission as demand continues to grow. Broader project descriptions that provide a context for the issues identified in later sections include the: North Island Grid Upgrade (NIGU) project North Auckland and Northland (NAaN) grid upgrade project, and Upper North Island Reactive Support (UNIRS) project. North Island Grid Upgrade (NIGU) project This committed project includes building a new transmission link into the Pakuranga substation from the south, operating the existing OtahuhuPakuranga line at its design voltage of 220 kV (previously operating at 110 kV), and providing additional reactive support for the area to maintain voltages in the Auckland and Northland regions (see Chapter 6, Sections 6.3.2 and 6.4.2). This project: provides additional transmission capacity into the Auckland region (see Section 6.4.2) provides diversity for transmission from the south into the Auckland region (all existing 220 kV transmission circuits terminate into Otahuhu), and converts Pakuranga from 110 kV to 220 kV, which reduces the load on the 110 kV system supplying the eastern side of the Auckland region, including Penrose. North Auckland and Northland (NAaN) grid upgrade project This committed project adds new transmission capacity between the Pakuranga, Penrose, and Albany substations. It also enables the building of new grid exit points at Hobson Street (Auckland CBD) and Wairau Road (North Shore). The NAaN project reinforces transmission in the Auckland region and across into the Northland region. The 220 kV circuit from Pakuranga to Penrose will: increase capacity to the Penrose 220 kV bus by adding a third 220 kV circuit alongside the existing 220 kV OtahuhuPenrose double-circuit line, and build on the NIGU project by increasing the diversity for transmission from the south into the Auckland region, as there will be 220 kV transmission from Pakuranga to Otahuhu and Penrose. The 220 kV circuit from Penrose to Albany will: increase capacity to the Northland region (including the North Isthmus) by adding a third 220 kV circuit from Otahuhu to Henderson build on the NIGU project by increasing the diversity for transmission from the south into the Northland region (including the North Isthmus), as there will be 220 kV transmission from Pakuranga, through Penrose, to Albany provide capacity and security to Vectors Hobson Street and Wairau Road substations through a 220 kV connection to the AlbanyPenrose circuit, and enable Vector to redistribute load from existing grid exit points, particularly the Albany 33 kV and 110 kV (Wairau Road) loads and Auckland CBD loads.

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Upper North Island Reactive Support (UNIRS) project The purpose of this project is to relieve voltage stability issues associated with an outage of major generators and/or circuits supplying the Upper North Island area (see Chapter 6). It includes installing dynamic reactive support at Penrose and Marsden. 8.2.2 Transmission and distribution network within the region The Auckland transmission network consists of three layers: the 220 kV network, the 110 kV network, and the 110 kV distribution system belonging to the local lines company, Vector. 220 kV transmission network The 220 kV network supplies Otahuhu from the south, via a double-circuit line from Huntly, a double-circuit line from Whakamaru via Ohinewai, and two single-circuit lines from Whakamaru. At Otahuhu the 220 kV network splits into two with one network supplying Penrose via a double-circuit line, and the other network supplying the Northland region (including the North Isthmus) via a second double-circuit line to Henderson. The commissioning of a new 220 kV substation at Otahuhu (physically separated from the existing switchyard) provides physical diversity, making the power supply more resilient for rare but high-impact disturbances. 110 kV transmission network The 110 kV transmission network is split into two parts. One half of the 110 kV network is a backup supply to Penrose, in parallel with the 220 kV OtahuhuPenrose double circuit line, with 220/110 kV interconnectors at Otahuhu and Penrose. The 110 kV system also connects to the Waikato region by a BombayWiriOtahuhu double-circuit line, with power flow generally south out of Otahuhu. The other half of the 110 kV network supplies Mangere and Mount Roskill in a double-circuit ring, extending from Mount Roskill through a double-circuit 110 kV connection to substations in the Northland region (at Henderson and Albany). There are 220/110 kV interconnections at Otahuhu, Henderson, and Albany, making the 110 kV network parallel with the 220 kV OtahuhuHenderson doublecircuit line. Power flow is generally into Mount Roskill on all circuits, from both Otahuhu and the Northland region. 110 kV distribution system Vectors 110 kV distribution system connects from Penrose to Mount Roskill via Vectors Liverpool Street substation, and is normally split between Mount Roskill and Liverpool Street. However, it is often used to transfer the Liverpool Street load (up to 90 MW) between the Penrose and Mount Roskill substations. 8.2.3 Reactive power To improve the network voltage and voltage stability, static capacitors are installed at the Otahuhu, Penrose, and Bombay substations. Condensers at Otahuhu provide dynamic reactive power under contract. 8.2.4 Longer-term development path We have identified a longer-term development path to address issues involving transmission into, within and through the Auckland region, the details of which will be revisited when the need arises. The timing of the transmission investments depends on the net load of the Auckland and Northland regions. New generation in the region

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Chapter 8: Auckland Region

or demand-side response may defer transmission investment. Similarly, regional generation retirement or increased demand will bring forward the need for transmission investment. Possible future upgrades include, but are not limited to the following: Installation of series compensation on the 220 kV PakurangaWhakamaru circuits to improve load sharing with the other 220 kV circuits. Ultimately, the BrownhillWhakamaru section of the PakurangaWhakamaru circuits will be upgraded to operate at 400 kV, by installing 400/220 kV transformers at Brownhill and Whakamaru. Increasing the transfer capacity into Auckland by building a switching station at Brownhill and cable circuits from Brownhill to Otahuhu. Possibly increasing the capacity of the 110 kV circuits between Arapuni and Otahuhu via thermal upgrades or re-conductoring with higher-capacity conductors. Transmission reinforcement within the Auckland region via additional cables between Pakuranga, Penrose, and Mount Roskill. Transmission reinforcement into the Northland region via a second cable between Penrose and Albany. Additional static and dynamic reactive power support approximately every 2 to 3 years to ensure power system voltage stability, and sufficient reserves are maintained to cover the worst transmission contingency. The series compensation on the 220 kV PakurangaWhakamaru circuits may be brought forward because of its positive contribution to voltage stability and reduction in transmission losses. Beyond the next 30 years, new transmission capacity may be required into Auckland, which can be provided by a new 400 kV line, an HVDC link or refurbishment of the existing lines. The development of the Auckland spatial plan (particularly in the South Auckland area) will have a large influence on future options for increasing transmission capacity into Auckland. Figure 8-3 provides an indication of the possible transmission development within and through Auckland in the longer term (beyond 2027).

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Figure 8-3: Indicative Auckland and Northland region schematic beyond 2027
VECTOR CBD NETWORK

NORTHLAND
Henderson Hepburn Road

NORTHLAND
Albany / Wairau Road

110 kV

Hobson Street

220 kV

MVAR

Penrose
110 kV 220 kV 220 kV

110 kV

Mount Roskill

Pakuranga Southdown
220 kV
MVAR

220 kV

220 kV

MVAR

Otahuhu
110 kV 220 kV

Mangere
110 kV KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS

110 kV
Otahuhu Combined Cycle

Wiri
110 kV

Brownhill
220 kV 400 kV

Bombay

110 kV

Takanini Ohinewai Whakamaru Huntly

Arapuni Hamilton Whakamaru

WAIKATO

8.3

Auckland demand
The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Auckland region is forecast to grow on average by 2.1% annually over the next 15 years, from 1,530 MW in 2012 to 2,078 MW by 2027. This is higher than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 8-4 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 48 demand (after diversity ) for the Auckland region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.

48

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 8: Auckland Region

Figure 8-4: Auckland region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Auckland
Load (MW) 2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000 2011 APR Forecast 800 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 600 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 8-1 lists forecast peak demand (prudent growth) for each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 8-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at Auckland grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Bombay 33 kV
1

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2013 26 52 33 116 0 119 55 14 134 68 69 167 52 309 246 0 129 85 2014 26 53 33 120 126 122 55 15 138 70 71 171 53 318 126 0 133 87 2015 27 54 34 120 130 126 55 15 142 72 73 174 55 328 130 0 137 90 2016 14 69 35 120 134 129 55 0 146 74 75 178 56 338 134 0 141 92 2017 14 70 35 120 137 133 55 0 151 76 77 182 58 348 137 0 145 95 2019 14 73 37 120 144 141 55 0 160 80 82 189 62 369 144 0 154 101 25 51 32 116 0 115 55 14 130 66 66 163 50 300 238 0 125 82 5-15 years out 2021 0 90 38 120 150 149 55 0 168 83 86 196 65 388 150 0 162 106 2023 0 93 39 120 155 155 55 0 175 86 91 203 67 403 155 0 168 110 2025 0 96 40 120 161 161 55 0 182 89 95 210 70 420 161 0 175 115 2027 0 98 41 120 164 166 55 0 187 91 100 218 72 432 164 0 180 118

0.98 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.87 0.95 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.98 0.97 NA 0.99 0.99

Bombay 110 kV1 Glenbrook 33 kV Glenbrook NZ Steel Hobson Street2, 3 Mangere 33 kV Mangere 110 kV Meremere4 Mt Roskill 22 kV Mt Roskill 110 kV Kingsland Otahuhu Pakuranga Penrose 22 kV Penrose 33 kV Penrose 110 kV Liverpool Street3 Penrose 110 kV - Quay Street5 Takanini6 Wiri

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Chapter 8: Auckland Region

Grid exit point

Power factor 2012 2013

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 5-15 years out 2021 2023 2025 2027

1. 2. 3.

The customer advised that approximately half of the load will shift from Bombay 33 kV to Bombay 110 kV in 2016, with the balance of the load shifting in 2020. A new grid exit point at Hobson Street is planned to be commissioned in 2013/2014. Some of the PenroseLiverpool Street load will be transferred to Hobson Street. The 50/50 load split between Hobson Street and PenroseLiverpool Street is an estimate only. Paralleling of the Vector and Transpower networks between these grid exit points is being considered. The customer advised that the load at Meremere will be shifted to Huntly (in the Waikato region) in 2016. The Penrose 110 kVQuay Street load has been transferred to PenroseLiverpool Street and the PenroseQuay Street circuits decommissioned. The customer advised that their forecast is lower than Transpowers forecast.

4. 5. 6.

8.4

Auckland generation
The Auckland regions generation capacity is approximately 681 MW. Table 8-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations including those embedded within the relevant local 49 lines companys network (Vector or Counties Power). No new generation is known to be committed in the Auckland region for the forecast period.
Table 8-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at Auckland grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) 2012 Glenbrook1 Mangere (Watercare Mangere) Otahuhu B CCGT Otahuhu (Greenmount Landfill) Penrose (Auckland Hospital) Southdown CCGT Takanini (Whitford Landfill) 1. 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 2013 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2014 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 2015 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 2016 2017 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 2019 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 5-15 years out 2021 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 2023 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 2025 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 2027 112 7 380 5 4 170 3

This is a 38 MW embedded generating unit with a continuous output rating of approximately 25 MW.

8.5

Auckland significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 8-3 lists the 50 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the Auckland region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.

49

50

Only generators with capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt. This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Table 8-3: Proposed significant maintenance work


Description Bombay supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Mangere 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Tentative year 2018-2020 2016-2018 2014-2016 Related system issues Bombay supply transformer capacities are sufficient for the forecast period. The customer may relinquish 33 kV supply from Bombay within 10-20 years. The forecast load will exceed the transformer n-1 capacity from 2012. The n-1 capacity is limited by protection limit. If appropriate, the work to resolve this limit will be coordinated with the 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion work. See Section 8.8.5 for more information. The Mount Roskill load is forecast to exceed the transformer n-1 capacity from 2012. The n-1 capacity is limited by a few branch components initially, and then the transformers need a capacity upgrade by 2020 to meet n-1 capacity. See Section 8.8.6 for more information. The options to replace the transformers must be coordinated with the: Penrose T10 interconnecting transformer replacement see Section 8.8.3 for more information OtahuhuWiri transmission capacity issue see Section 8.8.8 for more information, and OtahuhuPenrose 110 kV transmission capacity issue see Section 8.8.10 Otahuhu supply transformers expected end-of-life Penrose T10 interconnecting transformer expected end-of-life Penrose supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Takanini 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion 2021-2023 2017-2019 The Otahuhu load already exceeds the transformers n-1 capacity. See Section 8.8.7 for more information. This work will be coordinated with the Otahuhu interconnecting transformer replacement. See Section 8.8.3 for more information. A spare transformer enables us to manage the existing three supply transformers for the next 15 years. See 8.8.11 for more information Takanini supply transformer n-1 capacity is limited by a few transformer branch component limits. If appropriate, the work to resolve these limits will be coordinated with the 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion work. See Section 8.8.12 for more information. The Wiri load is forecast to exceed the transformer n-1 capacity by 2019. See Section 0 for more information.

Mount Roskill supply transformer T3 expected end-oflife, and 22 kV outdoor to indoor conversion

2015-2019

Otahuhu interconnecting transformer expected end-of-life

2019-2021

2026-2028 2012-2014 2014-2016

Wiri supply transformer expected end-of-life and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion

2014-2017

8.6

Future Auckland projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 8-4 lists projects to be carried out in the Auckland region within the next 15 years. Figure 8-5 shows the possible configuration of Auckland transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 8-4: Projects in the Auckland region up to 2027
Site AlbanyPenrose Brownhill Whakamaru Brownhill Pakuranga Bombay Projects 220 kV cables between Albany and Penrose. 400 kV capable double-circuit transmission line. 220 kV cables between Brownhill and Pakuranga. Replace 110/33 kV supply transformers. Status Committed Committed Committed Base Capex

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Site Hobson Street Mangere Mount Roskill

Projects Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. New substation at Hobson Street. Resolve supply transformer protection limits. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Upgrade supply transformer branch limiting components. Replace Mount Roskill T3 supply transformer. Convert 22 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace Otahuhu T2/T4 interconnecting transformers. Replace 220/22 kV supply transformers. Install a new 220/22 kV supply transformer. Increase transmission capacity to Wiri. Increase the circuits capacity. Install 220 kV cable between Pakuranga and Penrose. Install a new +/- 40 Mvar STATCOM at 33 kV bus. Replace Penrose T10 interconnecting transformer. Replace 220/33 kV supply transformer. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Upgrade supply transformer branch limiting components. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Resolve supply transformers protection limits. New or upgrade the existing supply transformers capacity. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard.

Status Base Capex Committed Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible Possible Possible Committed Committed Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex

Otahuhu

OtahuhuWiri Otahuhu Penrose Pakuranga Penrose Penrose

Takanini Wiri

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Chapter 8: Auckland Region

Figure 8-5: Possible Auckland transmission configuration in 2027


NORTHLAND
Henderson Hepburn Road

NORTHLAND
Albany / Wairau Road

VECTOR CBD 110 kV

Hobson Street

220 kV VECTOR CBD 22 kV


STC

VECTOR CBD 33 kV 220 kV

Penrose
110 kV

Mount Roskill
kV

0k

Southdown
220 kV

22

Pakuranga
33 kV

11

220 kV

Mangere
33 kV* 110 kV

220 kV 110 kV

Otahuhu
110 kV 22 kV

Otahuhu Combined Cycle

220 kV

Wiri

*
110 kV

KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR MAINTENANCE

Brownhill
220 kV

33 kV 110 kV

Bombay
33 kV

MINOR UPGRADE

Takanini
33 kV 220 kV

Glenbrook

Drury

220 kV 33 kV 220 kV Huntly Ohinewai Whakamaru Arapuni Hamilton Whakamaru

WAIKATO

WAIKATO

8.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 8-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 8-5: Changes since 2011
Issues Pakuranga supply transformer capacity OtahuhuPenrose 110 kV transmission capacity Bombay transmission security Change Removed. Project to install a third transformer completed. New issue. Removed. Project to install a 110 kV bus coupler completed.

8.8

Auckland transmission capability


Table 6-2 summarises issues involving the Auckland region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.

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Chapter 8: Auckland Region

Table 8-6: Auckland region transmission issues


Section number Regional 8.8.1 8.8.2 8.8.3 Auckland region voltage quality North Auckland and Northland regional transmission security Otahuhu interconnecting transformer capacity Issue

Site by grid exit point 8.8.4 8.8.5 8.8.6 8.8.7 8.8.8 8.8.9 8.8.10 8.8.11 8.8.12 8.8.13 8.8.14 Hobson Street supply security Mangere supply transformer capacity Mount Roskill supply transformer capacity Otahuhu supply transformer capacity OtahuhuWiri 110 kV transmission capacity Penrose 220 kV transmission security OtahuhuPenrose 110 kV transmission Penrose 33 kV supply transformer capacity Takanini supply transformer capacity Wiri supply transformer capacity Wiri Tee transmission capacity

8.8.1

Auckland region voltage quality


Project context: UNIRS Chapter 6, See Section 6.4.1 (UNIRS)

Issue As demand in the Auckland and Northland regions grows, regional voltages may deteriorate to a point where the outage of a 220 kV circuit may cause voltage collapse. Generation located in the Auckland and Northland regions is insufficient to meet reactive demand. Reactive power from non-generation sources such as shunt capacitors, series capacitors, static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), static var compensators (SVC) and condensers is required to ensure the maintenance of acceptable voltage levels and quality. Solution We have a number of projects underway to improve Auckland voltage, including a STATCOM at Penrose and a STATCOM at Marsden. Despite these projects, Auckland voltage stability is an ongoing issue requiring continual study as the Auckland and Northland regional loads grow. 8.8.2 North Auckland and Northland regional transmission security
Project context: Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: NAaN ALB_PAK-TRAN-DEV-01 Committed, to meet Grid Reliability Standard (core grid) Q4 2013 G

Issue There are three issues with respect to Auckland transmission security.

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North Auckland and Northland supply can be maintained with n-1 security until winter 2016. From that date, further transmission reinforcement or a transmission alternative will be required. North Auckland and Northland load is supplied by a single 220 kV double-circuit overhead line, leaving this significant load at risk from a double-circuit outage. Vector requires transmission reinforcement in the Auckland CBD (Hobson Street) and on the North Shore (Wairau Road, in the Northland region) in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Solution We have committed to install a 220 kV underground cable link between the Pakuranga, Penrose and Albany substations, which: provides security of supply for the North Auckland and Northland beyond 2016 improves transmission diversity into the North Auckland and Northland, and connects to new grid exit points at Hobson Street and Wairau Road. The link will provide a capacity of approximately 790 MVA (winter). As the cable link will have significantly lower impedance than the parallel 220 kV overhead transmission circuits between Otahuhu, Henderson, and Albany, more power will flow through the cable than in the parallel circuits. A series reactor in the cable circuit is included to balance the power flow between the parallel routes. 8.8.3 Otahuhu interconnecting transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The Otahuhu 110 kV bus is normally operated split with two separate buses to give better load distribution and manage fault levels. There are two pairs of 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers at Otahuhu. One pair (T2 and T4, rated at 100 MVA and 200 MVA, respectively) supplies the 110 kV bus section with circuits to Bombay, Penrose and Wiri 110 kV substations, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 300 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 135/145 MVA (summer/winter). One pair (T3 and T5, rated at 250 MVA each) supplies the 110 kV bus section with circuits to the Mangere and Mount Roskill 110 kV substations, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 500 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 318/332 MVA (summer/winter). Otahuhu T2 and T4 are effectively in parallel with the Penrose T6 and T10 interconnecting transformers through the OtahuhuPenrose transmission system. Toward the end of the forecast period, the T2 transformer may exceed its postcontingency capacity at peak load times for an outage of the T4 transformer. Solution The recent conversion of Pakuranga from 110 kV to 220 kV reduced the load on Otahuhu T2 and T4, and Penrose T6 and T10 transformers. These transformers now have sufficient capacity until the Auckland CBD load reaches approximately 300 MW. This is likely to occur in the second half of the forecast period or beyond. Any load permanently transferred to Hobson Street will also reduce the loading on the interconnecting transformers at Otahuhu and Penrose.

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Additionally, the Otahuhu T2, T4 and Penrose T10 interconnecting transformers have an expected end-of-life within the forecast period. We will investigate the number and ratings for the replacement interconnecting transformers. 8.8.4 Hobson Street supply security
Project context: Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: NAaN HOB-SUBEST-DEV-01 Committed, customer-specific 2014 D (including an initial 250 MVA 220/110 kV transformer)

Issue Vector has indicated that to ensure security of supply, it requires reinforcement of its Hobson Street substation by 2014. Solution A new 220/110 kV grid exit point will be built at Hobson Street connecting to the new AlbanyPenrose cable (see Section 8.8.2). This will also allow Vector to transfer some load from the Penrose 110 kV grid exit point. 8.8.5 Mangere supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: MNG-POW_TFR_PTN-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2012 A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Mangeres load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 240 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 118/118 MVA
51

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Mangere is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by 5 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 56 MW in 2027 (see Table 8-7).
Table 8-7: Mangere supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Mangere 0.94 5 2013 9 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 12 2015 16 2016 2017 20 24 2019 32 5-15 years out 2021 39 2023 45 2025 51 2027 56

Solution We will discuss options with Vector. Possible solutions include: resolving the protection limit of the transformers which will solve the overload issue until 2018, or limiting the peak load to the transformer capacity, with future load growth transferred to other grid exit points. Future development options to increase transformer capacity for this grid exit point will be customer driven.

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The transformers capacity is limited by a protection equipment limit; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 138/144 MVA (summer/winter).

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In addition, we also plan to convert the Mangere 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. 8.8.6 Mount Roskill supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: ROS-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific 2015 A

Issue Three 110/22 kV transformers (one rated at 50 MVA and two at 70 MVA each) supply Mount Roskills load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 190 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 140/141 MVA
52

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Mount Roskill is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by 1 MW in 2012, increasing to 58 MW in 2027 (see Table 8-8).
Table 8-8: Mount Roskill supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Mount Roskill 0.98 1 2013 5 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 9 2015 13 2016 2017 17 21 2019 31 5-15 Years out 2021 39 2023 46 2025 53 2027 58

Solution We will investigate removing the transformers circuit breaker and protection relay constraints. This will increase the n-1 capacity to 145/152 MVA (summer/winter), which is sufficient to delay the issue for several years. The Mount Roskill T3 supply transformer has an expected end-of-life within the forecast period. In addition, we also plan to convert the 22 kV outdoor switchyard to an indoor switchboard within the forecast period. We will discuss the ratings and timing for the replacement transformer with Vector. Further development options to increase transformer capacity for this grid exit point will be customer driven. 8.8.7 Otahuhu supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: OTA-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 New transformer: possible, customer-specific To be advised B

Issue Two 220/22 kV transformers supply Otahuhus load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 100 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 59/59 MVA
53

(summer/winter).

52

53

The transformers capacity is limited by a circuit breaker limit on the 50 MVA transformer and relay limits on the 70 MVA transformers; with auxiliary equipment limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 145/152 MVA (summer/winter). The transformers capacity is limited by LV cable ratings, followed by a transformer bushings limit (64 MVA); with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 67/71 MVA (summer/winter).

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The peak load at Otahuhu is forecast to exceed the n-1 winter capacity by 9 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 42 MW in 2027 (see Table 8-9).
Table 8-9: Otahuhu supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Otahuhu 0.99 9 2013 11 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 13 2015 16 2016 2017 18 20 2019 24 5-15 years out 2021 29 2023 33 2025 38 2027 42

Solution Upgrading the LV cable and removing the bushing constraints on the supply transformers will not resolve the issue. We will discuss other options with Vector, which include: limiting peak load to the firm transformer capacity, with future load growth transferred to other grid exit points adding a third supply transformer, and replacing the two existing supply transformers with higher-rated units. Both supply transformers have an expected end-of-life within the forecast period. We will discuss the ratings and timing for the replacement transformers with Vector. Further development options to increase transformer capacity for this grid exit point will be customer driven. 8.8.8 OtahuhuWiri 110 kV transmission capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: OTA_WIR-TRAN-DEV-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid) and/or customerspecific To be advised D

Issue Two 110 kV BombayWiriOtahuhu circuits supply Wiris load, with the: BombayWiri section of each circuit rated at 62/76 MVA (summer/winter), and OtahuhuWiri section of each circuit rated at 92/101 MVA (summer/winter). Wiri is a double hard tee connection, and an outage of one of the 110 kV Bombay WiriOtahuhu circuits is forecast to overload the OtahuhuWiri section of the remaining circuit during summer peak load periods from approximately 2012. This will occur during periods of high Auckland generation and low Waikato generation. Solution We are investigating several options. In the short-term, Vector can limit Wiri load with future load growth transferred to other grid exit points. Possible longer-term options are: a new 110 kV cable from Otahuhu connecting to a new 110/33 kV supply transformer at Wiri a new 110/33kV transformer at Otahuhu and a new 33 kV cable connected into Wiri reconductoring the 110 kV OtahuhuWiri circuits with higher capacity conductor, or a new 220/110 kV connection at Bombay substation on the HuntlyOtahuhu circuit (to reinforce the supply to Wiri from Bombay) and a 110 kV bus at Wiri.

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See also the Wiri supply transformer capacity issue (Section 8.8.14). 8.8.9 Penrose 220 kV transmission security
Project context: NIGU and UNIRS See Section 6.4.2 (NIGU project) and Section 8.8.2 (NAaN)

Issue The two 220 kV OtahuhuPenrose circuits are rated at 469/492 MVA (summer/winter). During peak demand periods, an outage of one OtahuhuPenrose circuit may cause the other circuit to exceed the conductor rating from 2013. Solution In the short term, the loading on the 220 kV OtahuhuPenrose circuits may be reduced following an outage by taking the low impedance Penrose 220/110 kV 54 transformer (T10) out of service. This transfers some of the load to the 110 kV OtahuhuPenrose 2 circuit. This solution is sufficient until 2014. We are committed to installing a 220 kV PakurangaPenrose cable circuit as part of the NAaN project, scheduled for completion in 2013 (see Section 8.8.2). This will address the issue until approximately 2027 or beyond, when a second 220 kV PakurangaPenrose circuit will be required. 8.8.10 OtahuhuPenrose 110 kV transmission capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: OTA_PEN-TRAN-DEV-01 Possible, to meet Grid Relilability Standard (not core grid) To be advised To be advised

Issue The 110 kV OtahuhuPenrose circuit is rated at 177/195 MVA (summer/winter). After commissioning of the NIGU project, an outage of the Penrose 220/110 kV transformer (T10) will cause the 110 kV OtahuhuPenrose circuit to overload from 2020. Solution The OtahuhuPenrose 110 kV circuit is limited by the terminal spans at Otahuhu and Penrose substations. With this limit removed, the circuit rating is 191/210 MVA, which will delay the issue in the short term. Longer-term solutions include: replacing the old Otahuhu T2 and T4 interconnecting transformers with higher impedance transformers thermally upgrading the circuit to a higher temperature, or replacing the circuit with a higher capacity conductor. 8.8.11 Penrose 33 kV supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

54

The two existing Penrose 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers are 200 MVA 5% impedance and 250 MVA 15% impedance units. By switching the 5% impedance transformer out of service, the higher impedance unit will balance the power flow between the remaining 220 kV and the existing 110 kV circuits.

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Issue Three 220/33 kV transformers (two rated at 200 MVA and one at 160 MVA) supply Penroses load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 560 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 429/450 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Penrose is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 28 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 183 MW in 2027 (see Table 8-10).
Table 8-10: Penrose supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Penrose 0.98 28 2013 39 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 50 2015 61 2016 2017 72 84 2019 109 5-15 years out 2021 131 2023 149 2025 168 2027 183

Solution We are discussing future development options for this connection point with Vector. It is expected that the peak load will be limited to the firm transformer capacity, with future load growth transferred to other grid exit points. We have installed a fourth 220/33 kV supply transformer. This is a system spare transformer to enable us to manage outages on the existing three supply transformers for the next 15 years (in particular, allowing the existing T9 transformer to undergo extensive preventative maintenance). The firm capacity will not increase, because only three of the four transformers can be in service to maintain fault levels within the equipment ratings. Additionally, we also plan to convert the Penrose 33 kV outdoor switchyard to an indoor switchboard within the forecast period. 8.8.12 Takanini supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Upgrade protection: TAK-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Upgrade circuit breaker and busbar: TAK-SUBEST-EHMT-01 Upgrade protection: Base Capex, minor enhancement Upgrade circuit breaker and busbar: possible, customer-specific 2014-2016 Upgrade protection: A Upgrade circuit breaker and busbar: A

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Takaninis load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 300 MVA, and n-1 capacity limit of 126/126 MVA
55

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Takanini is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by 6 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 61 MW in 2027 (see Table 8-11).

55

The transformers capacity is limited by protection equipment limit, followed by the circuit breaker (137 MVA) and 33 kV bus (137 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 188/198 MVA (summer/winter).

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Table 8-11: Takanini supply transformer overload forecast


Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Takanini 0.99 6 2013 10 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 14 2015 18 2016 2017 22 26 2019 35 5-15 years out 2021 43 2023 49 2025 56 2027 61

Solution If the protection equipment, circuit breaker, and busbar limits are resolved, the transformers thermal capacity will be sufficient until the second half of the forecast period. In addition, the Takanini 33 kV outdoor switchyard will be converted into an indoor switchboard within the next five years. If appropriate, we will upgrade the transformer branch limiting components in conjunction with the conversion work. Vector has advised that they expect to keep peak load within the transformers n-1 capacity for several years. Further development options to increase the transformer capacity for this grid exit point will be customer driven. 8.8.13 Wiri supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Upgrade protection: WIR-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Upgrade transformer capacity: WIR-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Upgrade protection: Base Capex, minor enhancement Upgrade transformer capacity: possible, customer-specific Upgrade protection: 2019 Upgrade transformer capacity: 2021 Upgrade protection: A Upgrade transformer capacity: B

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Wiris load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 200 MVA, and n-1 capacity limit of 106/106 MVA
56

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Wiri will exceed the transformers summer n-1 capacity by approximately 2 MW in 2019, increasing to approximately 20 MW in 2027 (see Table 8-12).
Table 8-12: Wiri supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Wiri 0.99 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 2 5-15 years out 2021 7 2023 12 2025 16 2027 20

Solution Resolving the protection equipment limits will delay the overload until 2020. We will discuss future supply options with Vector, including: limiting peak load to the firm transformer capacity (i.e. 106/106 MVA), with future load growth transferred to other grid exit points, and/or replacing the existing transformers with two 120 MVA units, or installing a third supply transformer.
56

The transformers capacity is limited by protection equipment limit; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 109/115 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 8: Auckland Region

The solution to the OtahuhuWiri transmission capacity issue may also address the Wiri supply transformer capacity issue (see Section 8.8.8). The Wiri single phase supply transformers have an expected end-of-life within the next five years. In addition, we also plan to conver the Wiri 33 kV outdoor switchyard to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. We will discuss with Vector the number, rating, and timing of the transformer replacement in conjunction with the transformer upgrade and 33 kV outdoor to indoor switchyard conversion work. Any future transformer upgrade will be customer driven. 8.8.14 Wiri Tee transmission capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Wiri is connected to the BombayWiriOtahuhu circuits through the Wiri Tee circuit sections, each rated at 92/101 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Wiri already exceeds the circuits n-1 summer capacity. Solution This issue arises along with the OtahuhuWiri circuit issue (see Section 8.8.8). It is expected to be resolved with that issue. Although the Wiri Tee section is only approximately 90 m in length, it crosses over a motorway, which is expected to complicate an otherwise a relatively minor project to increase this circuit sections capacity.

8.9

Other regional items of interest


There are no other items of interest identified to date beyond those set out in Section 8.8. See Section 8.10 for more information about specific generation proposals relevant to this region.

8.10

Auckland generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected at any substation depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. 57 See our website for more information about connecting generation.

8.10.1 Maximum regional generation The Auckland region has some of the highest load densities in New Zealand, coupled with relatively low levels of local generation, and so there is no practical limit to the maximum generation that can be connected within the region. However, there will be limits on the maximum generation that can be connected at a substation or along an existing line due to the rating of the existing circuits.

57

http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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8.10.2 Auckland generation issues There are numerous inter-related issues with supplying the load within the Auckland region, as discussed earlier in this chapter. In addition, the increase in fault level due to generators will be an issue for some parts of the transmission and/or distribution systems. Therefore, depending on its connection point, new generation within the Auckland region may assist in addressing an issue, make it worse, have no effect, or may require specific additional transmission investment to enable connection. Fault-level issues may also preclude new generation connection in some locations.

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Chapter 9: Waikato Region

Waikato Regional Plan


9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 Regional overview Waikato transmission system Waikato demand Waikato generation Waikato significant maintenance work Future Waikato projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Waikato transmission capability Other regional items of interest Waikato generation proposals and opportunities

9.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Waikato regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 9-1: Waikato region

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Chapter 9: Waikato Region

The Waikato region comprises two distinct transmission networks, 110 kV and 220 kV, of which the 220 kV network forms part of the grid backbone. The 220 kV circuits enter the region from Stratford, Tokaanu, and Wairakei. The 110 kV circuits enter the region from Kinleith to Arapuni, and from Ongarue to Hangatiki. The northern boundary is crossed by the: 220 kV circuits from Huntly, Ohinewai, and Whakamaru, and 110 kV circuits from Hamilton and Arapuni. We have assessed the Waikato regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

9.2

Waikato transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Waikato regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 9-1 and schematically in Figure 9-2.
Figure 9-2: Waikato transmission schematic
AUCKLAND
Drury Otahuhu

AUCKLAND
Bombay

Otahuhu

Kopu

66 kV 110 kV

110 kV

Waihou
33 kV 33 kV 110 kV 220 kV 33 kV

Waikino

Ohinewai

KEY
220kV CIRCUIT 110kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER TEE POINT LOAD CAPACITOR GENERATOR

Huntly
11 kV

Hamilton Cambridge
220 kV 11 kV

Hinuera Karapiro
110 kV 110 kV 33 kV

Te Kowhai
110 kV 33 kV

220 kV 33 kV

110 kV

Arapuni

Te Awamutu Hangatiki
33 kV 110 kV 110 kV 11 kV

Waipapa
220 kV 220 kV Kinleith

Maraetai Atiamuri

Tarukenga

BAY OF PLENTY Ohakuri


Kawerau

Whakamaru
220 kV 220 kV Ongarue Poihipi 220 kV Wairakei

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND


Tokaanu Stratford Taumarunui

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND TARANAKI

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND

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Chapter 9: Waikato Region

9.2.1

Transmission into the region This region contributes a significant portion of the total North Island generation and exceeds local demand. Surplus generation is exported over the 220 kV transmission network to the rest of the country. The 220 kV transmission network has enough capacity to provide n-1 security to the local load indefinitely. The committed 400 kV-capable transmission line between Whakamaru and Pakuranga (Auckland) will reduce loading on the 220 kV and 110 kV circuits within the Waikato region.
58

9.2.2

Transmission within the region The 110 kV transmission network within the region predominantly supplies and connects the rest of the Waikato region, including most of the regional load and some regional generation. Transmission system issues The 110 kV transmission network predominantly comprises low capacity circuits. This results in capacity and supply security issues for some outages. It also results in generation restrictions, particularly at Arapuni, even with all circuits in service. We have a number of investigations planned or underway to address these issues. Maintenance security issues The 220/110 kV interconnection at Hamilton supplies most of the load in the Waikato region. The outage of a 220 kV circuit to Hamilton or a 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer at Hamilton will place many grid exit points in the region on n security. We will consider options to increase the security of this interconnection to provide full or partial n-1 security.

9.2.3

Longer-term development path We are presently working on a Waikato regional development strategy. This project focuses on resolving short and long-term issues in the region, including the: Waikato 110 kV transmission network (the 110 kV circuits that operate in parallel with the grid backbone between Tarukenga and Bombay) 110 kV Thames Valley spur, and Hamilton interconnecting transformer capacity and maintenance security. Additionally, in order to meet high load growth in the Tauranga area, one option is a transmission connection between Waihou and a new grid exit point north of Tauranga. This may involve converting parts of the Thames Valley spur to 220 kV. The following are possible developments in the grid backbone through the Waikato region: installing series capacitors on the 220 kV BrownhillWhakamaru circuits (likely within the forecast period) converting the 220 kV BrownhillWhakamaru circuits to 400 kV operation by installing 400/220 kV interconnecting transformers at Brownhill and Whakamaru (likely beyond the forecast period).

9.3

Waikato demand
The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Waikato region is forecast to grow on average by 1.8% annually over the next 15 years, from 511 MW in 2012 to

58

Part of the North Island Grid Upgrade (NIGU) project, see Chapter 6 for more information.

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668 MW by 2027. This is higher than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 9-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 59 demand (after diversity ) for the Waikato region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.
Figure 9-3: Waikato region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Load (MW) 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 1997

Waikato

2011 APR Forecast 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 9-1 lists forecasts peak demand (prudent growth) for each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 9-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at Waikato grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Cambridge1 Hamilton 11 kV Hamilton 33 kV Hamilton NZR Hangatiki Hinuera Huntly Kopu Piako5 Putaruru
3 2 1 4 3 2

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2013 39 48 151 8 31 48 25 52 28 0 110 37 2014 39 49 154 8 31 42 26 53 28 7 112 38 2015 40 25 182 8 32 43 26 55 29 8 117 39 2016 40 0 212 8 33 44 42 56 30 8 120 39 2017 41 0 216 8 33 45 43 58 31 8 122 40 2019 42 0 225 8 35 47 44 62 33 8 127 41 38 47 148 8 30 47 25 50 0 0 105 37 5-15 years out 2021 43 0 234 8 36 49 45 65 35 9 131 43 2023 45 0 241 8 37 51 47 67 36 9 135 44 2025 46 0 249 8 38 52 48 70 38 9 139 46 2027 47 0 256 8 39 54 49 72 39 10 141 48

0.98 1.00 0.99 0.80 0.88 0.95 0.99 -0.99 0.98 0.95 0.97 0.98

Te Kowhai

Te Awamutu
59

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 9: Waikato Region

Grid exit point

Power factor 2012 2013 41 42 11

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2014 43 44 11 2015 44 45 11 2016 45 46 12 2017 47 48 12 2019 49 50 12 67 41 11 5-15 years out 2021 52 53 13 2023 54 55 13 2025 56 57 14 2027 58 59 14

Waihou

0.96 1.00 1.00

Waikino Whakamaru 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The customer provided this forecast. The forecast is distorted by frequent and regular load shifting between Hamilton and Te Kowhai. Some load will be shifted from Hinuera to a proposed new grid exit point at Putaruru in 2014. An industrial load increase of 5 MW is expected at Huntly in 2012. Some load will be shifted from Waihou to a new grid exit point at Piako.

9.4

Waikato generation
The Waikato regions generation capacity is 2,662 MW. Table 9-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations including those embedded within the relevant local lines companys network (Waipa Networks, WEL Networks, The Lines Company or 60 Powerco).
Table 9-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at Waikato grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) Arapuni Atiamuri Huntly Karapiro Maraetai Mokai Ohakuri Te Kowhai (Te Rapa) Te Kowhai (Te Uku) Waipapa Whakamaru Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 2013 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 2014 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 2015 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 2016 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 2017 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 2019 197 84 5-15 years out 2021 197 84 2023 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 2025 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 2027 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100

1448 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100

9.5

Waikato significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 9-3 lists the 61 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the Waikato region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.

60

61

Only generators with a capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt. This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Table 9-3: Proposed significant maintenance work


Description Cambridge 11 kV switchgear replacement Hamilton T5 supply transformer expected end-of-life Tentative year Related system issues 2013 Upgrading the 11 kV switchgear will improve the Cambridge supply transformer n-1 capacity issue. See Section 9.8.6 for more information. A significant increase in supply transformer capacity is required within the forecast period. Increasing the capacity of T5 will reduce the transformer overload. See Section 9.8.7 for more information. Upgrading the transformers capacity is one of the possible options to resolve the transformer overload issue. See Section 9.8.8 for more information. Upgrading the capacity of T1 is one of the possible options (following construction of Putaruru) to resolve the transformer loading issue. See Section 9.8.9 for more information. Upgrading the transformers capacity is one of the possible options (following construction of Piako) to resolve the transformer overloading issue. See Section 9.8.15 for more information. The replacement transformer with on-load tap changing capability will improve the voltage profile at Waihou. See Section 9.8.5 for more information. 2018-2022 Upgrading the transformers capacity is one of the possible options to resolve transformer overloading issue. See Section 9.8.16 for more information. The replacement transformer with on-load tap changing capability will improve the voltage profile at Waikino. See Section 9.8.5 for more information.

2022-2024

Hangatiki T1 and T2 supply transformers expected end-of-life Hinuera T1 and T2 supply transformers expected end-of-life

2013-2015

2022-2029

Waihou supply transformers expected end-of-life, 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion, and 110 kV substation rebuild

2022-2027 2013-2015

Waikino supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion

9.6

Future Waikato projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 9-4 lists projects to be carried out in the Waikato region within the next 15 years. Figure 9-4 shows the possible configuration of Waikato transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 9-4: Projects in the Waikato region up to 2027
Site Arapuni ArapuniKinleith Cambridge Hamilton HamiltonWaihou Hangatiki Hinuera Karapiro Kopu Piako Putaruru Te Awamutu Te Kowhai Projects Reconfigure 110 kV bus. Increase the line capacity by reconductoring/thermal upgrading. Replace 11 kV switchgear. Install a new 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer. Install a new 220/33 kV supply transformer. Increase the line capacity by building a new 110 kV Hamilton Waihou circuit or upgrade 110 kV HamiltonWaihou circuits. Replace 110/33 kV supply transformers Upgrade the 110/33 kV 30 MVA supply transformer capacity. Upgrade 110 kV switchyard. Resolve supply transformer protection limits. New grid exit point. New grid exit point. New transmission circuit either from Hangatiki or Karapiro. Resolve supply transformer protection limits. Install radiators and fans on the existing supply transformers. Status Committed Possible Committed Possible Possible Possible Base Capex Possible Base Capex Base Capex Committed Possible Possible Base Capex Committed

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Chapter 9: Waikato Region

Site Waihou

Projects Install a new 220/33 kV supply transformer. Rebuild 110 kV structure. Replace 110/33 kV supply transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Install new capacitors. Install new capacitors. Replace supply transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard.

Status Possible Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible Possible Base Capex Base Capex

Waikino

Figure 9-4: Possible Waikato transmission configuration in 2027


AUCKLAND
Drury Otahuhu Bombay Otahuhu

Kopu
66 kV

* kV 110

110 kV

Waihou
33 kV 33 kV

Huntly Ohinewai
33 kV

`
Piako
110 kV

Waikino
110 kV

220 kV 220 kV

Hamilton Hinuera
220 kV 11 kV

Cambridge
110 kV 33 kV

Te Kowhai
33 kV

Karapiro
110 kV 110 kV

220 kV 33 kV

Arapuni
110 kV

Putaruru Te Awamutu
110 kV

Waipapa Hangatiki
33 kV

* 11 kV

220 kV

Kinleith

Maraetai
220 kV

Atiamuri

Tarukenga

110 kV

BAY OF PLENTY Ohakuri


220 kV Kawerau

AUCKLAND
Brownhill Wairakei

Whakamaru North 220 kV


(1)
Ongarue Stratford Taumarunui

TARANAKI

Tokaanu

(1) the transmission backbone section identifies two development paths for the lower North Island: - upgrade existing lines, and/or - new transmission line Although this diagram shows upgrading of existing lines, it is not intended to indicate a preference as both options are still being investigated.

Whakamaru

220 kV

Wairakei Poihipi/Wairakei

KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND

MINOR UPGRADE

9.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 9-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 9-5: Changes since 2011
Issues BombayHamilton and ArapuniBombay 110 kV transmission capacity Te Awamutu supply transformer capacity Change Issue removed. Loading on these circuits is managed with Arapuni constraints or a bus split. New issue.

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9.8

Waikato transmission capability


Table 9-6 summarises issues involving the Waikato region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.
Table 9-6: Waikato regional transmission issues
Section number Regional 9.8.1 9.8.2 9.8.3 9.8.4 9.8.5 ArapuniHamilton 110 kV transmission capacity ArapuniKinleith 110 kV transmission capacity Hamilton interconnecting transformer capacity HamiltonWaihou 110 kV transmission capacity WaihouWaikinoKopu spur low voltage Issue

Site by grid exit point 9.8.6 9.8.7 9.8.8 9.8.9 9.8.10 9.8.11 9.8.12 9.8.13 9.8.14 9.8.15 9.8.16 Cambridge supply transformer capacity Hamilton supply transformer capacity Hangatiki supply transformer capacity Hinuera supply transformer capacity Hinuera transmission security Kopu supply transformer capacity MaraetaiWhakamaru transmission capacity Te Awamutu supply transformer capacity Te Awamutu transmission security Waihou supply transformer capacity Waikino supply transformer capacity

9.8.1

ArapuniHamilton 110 kV transmission capacity


Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The two 110 kV ArapuniHamilton circuits are each rated at 51/62 MVA (summer/winter). The 110 kV bus is currently permanently split with two bus sections: Arapuni G1-4 generators, ArapuniBombay, ArapuniHamilton 1 and 2, Arapuni Hangatiki, and the ArapuniOngarue circuits on one bus (north bus) ArapuniKinleith 1 and 2 circuits on the other bus (south bus), and Arapuni G5-8 are selectable between the two bus sections. Cost benefit analysis showed that it is economic to permanently split the bus until the 62 new PakurangaWhakamaru line is commissioned. This analysis will be revisited prior to the commissioning of the new line to decide the operational strategy in the future. With the Arapuni bus split open:

62

This is a new 220/400 kV double-circuit transmission line, and forms part of the North Island Grid Upgrade (NIGU) project.

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Arapuni north bus generation may be constrained pre-contingency to manage the loading on the ArapuniHamilton circuits for an outage of the ArapuniHamilton circuit the Arapuni runback is enabled on Arapuni G1-4 to reduce generation if an ArapuniHamilton circuit overloads. With the Arapuni bus split closed, and following the commissioning of the Pakuranga Whakamaru line: Arapuni generation may be constrained pre-contingency to manage the loading on the ArapuniHamilton circuits for an outage of the ArapuniHamilton or HamiltonWhakamaru circuit. the Arapuni runback is enabled on Arapuni G1-4 to reduce generation if an ArapuniHamilton circuit overloads. The worst case conditions are during: summer, when Huntly generation is sometimes restricted due to high river temperatures, and high hydro inflow periods, when renewable generation south of Whakamaru is dispatched ahead of thermal generation in the upper North Island. Solution The Arapuni bus split is currently implemented by connecting three 110 kV circuits directly to the 110 kV bus. This is not a long-term solution, as it restricts maintenance access to those circuits. An investigation is underway to determine a longer-term strategy for the Arapuni bus split. A number of projects that are presently being implemented or considered as solutions to other issues will also relieve the loading on the 110 kV ArapuniHamilton circuits. These other projects include the NIGU project, the Tarukenga interconnecting transformer replacement and the new Putaruru grid exit point (see Section 9.8.10 for more information). An investigation into longer-term options to resolve this issue is ongoing. However, a preliminary assessment of the Investment Test indicates that reconductoring the 110 kV circuits to remove the overload may not be economic. A condition assessment shows that the existing conductor will not require replacement within the forecast period. 9.8.2 ArapuniKinleith 110 kV transmission capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: ARI_KIN-TRAN-EHMT-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid) 2020-2027 A

Issue There are two 110 kV ArapuniKinleith circuits (1 and 2), rated at 57/70 MVA and 63/77 MVA (summer/winter), respectively. There is a possibility of a new grid exit point (Putaruru) being single tee-connected part way along ArapuniKinleith circuit 2 63 in 2013 (see Section 9.8.10 for more information). Loading on the 110 kV ArapuniKinleith circuits may exceed their n-1 capacity under certain operating conditions. With the Arapuni bus split open, factors contributing to this overload include: the summer ratings period, and
63

Putaruru load is expected to be approximately 7 MW from 2014.

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full generation from three Arapuni generation units connected to the south bus. With the Arapuni bus split closed, factors contributing to this overload include: high net load at Kinleith (for example when Kinleith generation is off during high pulp and paper plant production periods) high generation at Arapuni high Huntly and Auckland-area generation, and high south power flow (for example, HVDC south power flow). Additionally, the 110 kV circuits between Kinleith and Lichfield are often opened to prevent overloading during some outages in the Bay of Plenty region. The Kinleith load is then supplied by the two 110 kV ArapuniKinleith circuits and generation at Kinleith. For some system conditions the load at Kinleith may be on n security when the system is split. Peak load at Kinleith is approximately 95 MW (offset by up to 40 MW of on-site generation) and is forecast to remain steady. The net Kinleith load rarely exceeds 75 MW. The typical daily peaks are between 55 MW and 65 MW. Solution In the short term, loading on ArapuniKinleith circuits is managed by: opening Arapuni bus split, and restricting Arapuni south bus generation during summer ratings. Following the commissioning of the PakurangaWhakamaru double-circuit line and the new Putaruru grid exit point, the Arapuni bus split will be opened less frequently. In the medium term, possible options to relieve the loading on ArapuniKinleith during south power flow include: special protection schemes, or reconfiguration of the Kinleith 110 kV bus. In the longer term, possible options to increase the capacity of the ArapuniKinleith circuits include: reconductoring ArapuniKinleith 1 reconductoring the ArapuniPutaruru line section, and thermally upgrading the KinleithPutaruru line section. Acquisition of property easements may be required for reconductoring work in some cases. 9.8.3 Hamilton interconnecting transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HAM-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid) 2025 New interconnecting transformer: B New substation: C

Issue Two three-phase interconnecting transformers at Hamilton supply much of the Waikato 110 kV transmission network load, as well as a small proportion of the Auckland and Bay of Plenty 110 kV loads under certain load flow conditions. These transformers provide: a total nominal installed capacity of 420 MVA, and

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n-1 capacity of 243/243 MVA

64

(summer/winter).

During low 110 kV generation in Waikato (Arapuni and Karapiro generation) and high Waikato demand, the load on the Hamilton interconnecting transformers may exceed their n-1 capacity. This overloading issue worsens: with low Upper North Island generation, and after completion of the Tarukenga interconnecting transformer replacement project (see Chapter 10, Section 10.9.4). Solution In the short term, we anticipate this issue will be managed operationally with generation rescheduling and load management. However, with low upper North Island generation and/or higher load growth there may not be enough Waikato 110 kV generation to manage this issue towards the end of the forecast period. Developments being considered or underway, such as the NIGU project, will reduce loading on the Hamilton interconnecting transformers. We are also discussing options for the long-term supply of Hamilton City with WEL Networks (see Section 9.8.7). If the existing 110/11 kV load at Hamilton is moved to the 33 kV bus, the loading on the Hamilton transformers will decrease. Two of the options that Transpower is considering for upgrading the 220/110 kV Hamilton interconnecting transformers (when required) include a new 200 MVA transformer: in parallel with the existing transformers, or at a new substation, connected to the intersection of the 220 kV Otahuhu Whakamaru 3 circuit and the 110 kV HamiltonWaihou circuits. The second option improves security during maintenance outages of the 220 kV circuits supplying Hamilton, and forms the connection point for a third circuit to Waihou (instead of a Hamilton connection, see Section 9.8.4 for more information). 9.8.4 HamiltonWaihou 110 kV transmission capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HAM_WHU-TRAN-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific 2017 Third HamiltonWaihou circuit: D Reconductoring HamiltonWaihou circuit: C

Issue Two 110 kV HamiltonWaihou circuits supply the Valley Spur (Waihou, Waikino, and Kopu), each circuit having a summer/winter capacity of 154/168 MVA. Valley Spur summer and winter peak loads are increasingly similar, with 2011 peaks of approximately 114 MW and 127 MW, respectively. The peak load in the Valley Spur is forecast to exceed the circuits n-1 summer capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2016, increasing to approximately 40 MW in 2027 (See Table 9-7).

64

The transformers capacity is limited by protection equipment; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 248/259 MVA (summer/winter).

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Table 9-7: Valley Spur circuit overload forecast


Grid exit point 2012 Valley Spur 0 2013 0 2014 0 2015 0 Circuit overload (MW) Next 5 years 2016 1 2017 5 2019 14 5-15 years out 2021 22 2023 28 2025 35 2027 40

The transmission loading is further exacerbated by the low voltage along the spur (see Section 9.8.5 for more information). Solution Together with Powerco, we have investigated connecting a new grid exit point to these circuits at Piako, part-way between Hamilton and Waihou (see Section 9.8.15 for more information). Approximately 40% of the Waihou load will be shifted to Piako, and consequently the circuit overloading issue will only occur between Hamilton and Piako. We will investigate the installation of capacitors to relieve the Valley Spur low voltage issues (see Section 9.8.5 for more information). This provides an interim solution to the HamiltonWaihou circuits capacity issue, delaying the need for further transmission reinforcement by approximately one year. In the short term, the overload can be managed operationally. We will also investigate longer-term additional investment, other than installing capacitors along the Valley Spur. Possible options include: constructing a third 110 kV HamiltonWaihou circuit of a similar capacity to the existing circuits, or upgrading the existing 110 kV HamiltonWaihou circuits to increase their summer capacity. The timing and choice of the capacity reinforcement option will be influenced by load growth and developments within Powercos network, such as load transfer from the Valley Spur to Hinuera grid exit point. Depending on the solution, we may need to purchase easements for either a new line or for some parts of an upgraded line. 9.8.5 WaihouWaikinoKopu spur low voltage
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: VLYS-REA_PWS-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific New capacitors: 2014-2017 Supply transformer replacement: 2013-2015 New capacitors: A Waihou supply transformer replacement: B Waikino supply transformer replacement: A

Issue Supply bus voltages at the Waihou and Waikino grid exit points are forecast to fall below 0.95 pu following an outage of one 110 kV HamiltonWaihou circuit. In addition, the step voltage change for such an outage will exceed 5%. Both grid exit points have supply transformers with off-load tap changers. Solution We are investigating options to maintain voltage at the Waihou and Waikino buses. Possible options include:

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installing two 20 Mvar capacitors (along the Valley Spur or within Powercos network), which will also defer Valley Spur investment (see Section 9.8.4 for more information), or replacing the existing transformers at Waikino and Waihou, which are due for replacement in the next 10 years, with on-load tap changing transformers, and installing a lesser number of capacitors. Property issues may arise if there is a need to expand the substation to accommodate the new capacitors. 9.8.6 Cambridge supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: CBG-SUBEST-EHMT-01 Committed, minor enhancement and customer-specific 2013 A

Issue Two 110/11 kV transformers supply Cambridges load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 80 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 38/38
65

MVA (summer/winter).

The peak load at Cambridge is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 3 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 12 MW in 2027 (see Table 9-8).
Table 9-8: Cambridge supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Cambridge 0.98 3 2013 4 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 5 2015 5 2016 5 2017 6 2019 8 5-15 years out 2021 8 2023 10 2025 11 2027 12

Solution The Cambridge 11 kV switchgear is currently being replaced. This will resolve the bus and protection limits, providing sufficient capacity until 2023 when the transformers n-1 winter capacity will be exceeded by approximately 1 MW. This overload will increase to approximately 2 MW in 2027. We will discuss the options to increase the supply transformers n-1 capacity with Waipa Networks closer to this time. 9.8.7 Hamilton supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HAM-SUBEST-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific New supply transformer at Hamilton: 2015 New supply transformer at Te Kowhai: 2018 Cost for one new supply transformer: A (at Hamilton), C (at Te Kowhai)

Issue Hamilton has both an 11 kV and a 33 kV supply bus. In 2015, the 11 kV supply will be decommissioned and the load transferred to the 33 kV. Two 110/11 kV transformers supply Hamiltons 11 kV load, providing:
65

The transformers capacity is limited by the 11 kV bus and protection limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 45/47 MVA (summer/winter).

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a total nominal installed capacity of 80 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 40/40


66

MVA (summer/winter).

The peak load at Hamilton 11 kV is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 10 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 13 MW in 2014 (see Table 9-9). Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Hamiltons 33 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 220 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 124/132 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Hamilton 33 kV is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 34 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 68 MW in 2015. When the 11 kV supply bus is decommissioned and the load is transferred to the 33 kV bus, the 220/33 kV transformer overload forecast increases to approximately 141 MW in 2027 (see Table 9-9). This large overload is partly due to load shifting from Te Kowhai to Hamilton to manage distribution company loads.
Table 9-9: Hamilton supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 2013 Hamilton 11 kV Hamilton 33 kV 1.00 0.99 10 34 12 37 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 13 40 2015 0 68 2016 0 97 2017 0 102 2019 0 111 5-15 years out 2021 0 119 2023 0 127 2025 0 135 2027 0 141

WEL Networks is capable of significant load shifting between Hamilton and Te Kowhai, so the combined load is compared with the total supply transformer capacity at both grid exit points. Four 220/33 kV transformers at Hamilton and Te Kowhai supply the total Hamilton city 33 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 420 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 342/350 MVA (summer/winter). The total load is forecast to be 220 MW in 2012, increasing to 354 MW by 2027. The total supply transformer capacity will not be exceeded until approximately 2026. Solution An interim solution is to transfer load to the Te Kowhai grid exit point. Table 9-9 shows that significant load transfers will be required by 2027. As a longer-term solution, we are investigating a range of options with WEL networks that include: increasing the rating of the two existing supply transformers at Te Kowhai (a committed project, see Section 9.9.4) installing a third 220/33 kV supply transformer at Hamilton, and installing a third 220/33 kV supply transformer at Te Kowhai (see Section 9.9.4). In addition, Hamilton T5 transformer has an expected end-of-life in the next 10-15 years. We will discuss with WEL Networks the appropriate rating and timing for the replacement transformer. 9.8.8 Hangatiki supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose:
66

HTI-POW_TFR-REPL-01 Base Capex, replacement

The transformers capacity is limited by the 11 kV transformer branch component; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 48/51 MVA (summer/winter).

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Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

2015 B

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Hangatikis load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 40 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 22/24 MVA (summer/winter). Hangatiki winter and summer load peaks are similar. The peak load at Hangatiki is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 13 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 20 MW in 2027 (see Table 9-10).
Table 9-10: Hangatiki supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Hangatiki 0.88 13 2013 14 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 14 2015 15 2016 15 2017 16 2019 17 5-15 years out 2021 18 2023 19 2025 20 2027 20

Solution The Hangatiki transformers are made up of single-phase units, with a non-contracted spare available on site. There is a possibility of new embedded generation in this area that may reduce peak transformer loading. We are discussing longer-term options with The Lines Company, such as replacing the existing transformers with two 40 MVA supply transformers. In addition, all the Hangatiki supply transformers have an expected end-of-life within the next five years. Future investment will be customer driven. 9.8.9 Hinuera supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: New grid exit point: PTR-SUBEST-DEV-01 Transformer replacement: HIN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific New grid exit point: 2014 Transformer replacement: to be advised New grid exit point: C Transformer replacement: A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers (rated at 30 MVA and 50 MVA) supply Hinueras load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 80 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 37/40 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Hinuera is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 13 MW in 2012. The overload will decrease in 2014 if Putaruru is completed. The transformers n-1 winter capacity will be exceeded by approximately 8 MW in 2014, increasing to approximately 20 MW in 2027 (see Table 9-11).

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Table 9-11: Hinuera supply transformer overload forecast


Grid exit point Power factor 2012 2013 Hinuera Hinuera (no Putaruru) 0.95 0.95 13 13 14 14 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 8 15 2015 8 16 2016 9 17 2017 10 18 2019 12 21 5-15 years out 2021 14 23 2023 16 25 2025 18 28 2027 20 30

Solution Powerco is planning to increase transmission security in the Hinuera area with a new grid exit point near Putaruru, which will be connected to the existing 110 kV Arapuni Kinleith circuit 2 (see also Section 9.8.10). This new grid exit point will reduce Hinuera load by approximately 15% by 2027, but will not resolve the Hinuera supply transformer overload issue. We will discuss with Powerco the options to relieve this issue, one of which is to replace the 30 MVA transformer with a 60 MVA unit. This will provide n-1 security of 67 supply beyond the forecast period . In the short term, load may be transferred within the Powerco network from Hinuera to Waihou to resolve this issue. Any future investment or transformer upgrade will be customer driven. 9.8.10 Hinuera transmission security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: PTR-SUBEST-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific 2014 C

Issue A single 110 kV circuit from Karapiro supplies Hinueras load, providing: a capacity of 63/77 MVA (summer/winter), and no n-1 security (given there is only one supplying circuit). Peak load in the Hinuera area is forecast to be 47 MW in 2012, increasing to 54 MW in 2027. Solution Powerco is considering increasing transmission security to Hinueras load with a new grid exit point near Putaruru (connected to the existing 110 kV ArapuniKinleith circuit 2). Land will need to be acquired for the new grid exit point. Some of Hinueras load will be transferred to Putaruru, with most of the remainder secured by backfeeding within the local lines distribution system from Putaruru or Waihou. 9.8.11 Kopu supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: KPU-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement Q4 2012 A

67

The 50 MVA transformers capacity is limited by 33 kV metering; this limit will bind from 2021 if it is not resolved.

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Issue Two 110/66 kV transformers supply Kopus load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 120 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 45/45 MVA
68

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Kopu is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 capacity by approximately 9 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 31 MW in 2027 (see Table 9-12).
Table 9-12: Kopu supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Kopu -0.99 9 2013 11 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 12 2015 14 2016 15 2017 17 2019 21 5-15 years out 2021 24 2023 26 2025 29 2027 31

Solution Resolving the protection limit will increase the transformers n-1 capacity to 64/67 MVA (summer/winter), providing sufficient capacity until 2018. Following the protection upgrade, the peak load at Kopu is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2018. This overload will increase to approximately 13 MW in 2027. We will discuss options to increase the supply transformers n-1 capacity with Powerco closer to this time. Alternatives may include: replacing the existing transformers with higher capacity units, or converting some 66 kV feeders to 110 kV operation. 9.8.12 MaraetaiWhakamaru transmission capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The 220 kV MaraetaiWhakamaru 1 and 2 circuits are each rated at 202/246 MVA (summer/winter). These circuits carry the entire generation output of the Waipapa and Maraetai generation stations to Whakamaru. The generation stations combined capacity is 411 MW. If there is an outage of one of the MaraetaiWhakamaru circuits, generation is restricted to approximately 50% of full capacity in summer and 60% of full capacity in winter. Solution In case of a contingency, a generation runback scheme is in place to reduce generation to the available capacity of the remaining circuit. This situation has been considered satisfactory since the generation was first installed, and there are no plans to make transmission network changes at this stage. 9.8.13 Te Awamutu supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: TMU-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2013 A

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The transformers capacity is limited by protection equipment; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 64/67 MVA (summer/winter).

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Issue Two 110/11 kV transformers supply Te Awamutus load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 80 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 41/41 MVA
69

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Te Awamutu is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2015, increasing to approximately 10 MW in 2027 (see Table 9-13).
Table 9-13: Te Awamutu supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Te Awamutu 0.98 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 1 2016 1 2017 2 2019 3 5-15 years out 2021 5 2023 6 2025 8 2027 10

Solution Resolving the protection limit will increase the transformers n-1 capacity to 52/54 MVA (summer/winter), providing sufficient capacity for the forecast period and beyond. 9.8.14 Te Awamutu transmission security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HTI_TMU-TRAN-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific Q1 2015 D

Issue A single 110 kV circuit from Karapiro supplies Te Awamutus load, providing: a capacity of 63/77 MVA (summer/winter), and no n-1 security (given there is only one supplying circuit). Te Awamutus peak load is forecast to be 38 MW in 2012, increasing to 46 MW in 2027. Solution We have investigated and discussed several options with Waipa Networks for providing n-1 security to Te Awamutu, which include: a new 110 kV circuit from Hangatiki to Te Awamutu, or a second 110 kV circuit from Karapiro to Te Awamutu. Waipa Networks may construct a new 110 kV circuit from Hangatiki to Te Awamutu, to be operated by Transpower. 9.8.15 Waihou supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: New grid exit point: PAO-SUBEST-DEV-01 Transformer replacement: WHU-POW_TFR-REPL-01 New grid exit point: committed, customer-specific Transformer replacement: Base Capex, replacement New grid exit point: 2012-2013 Transformer replacement: 2022-2027

69

The transformers capacity is limited by protection equipment; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 52/54 MVA (summer/winter).

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Indicative cost band:

New grid exit point: C Transformer replacement: B

Issue Three 110/33 kV transformers supply Waihous load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 48/51 MVA (summer/winter). Waihou winter and summer peak loads are similar. The peak load at Waihou is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 26 MW in 2012. The overload will decrease when Piako is completed, increasing to approximately 17 MW in 2027 (see Table 9-14).
Table 9-14: Waihou supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Waihou 0.96 26 2013 1 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2 2015 3 2016 5 2017 6 2019 9 5-15 years out 2021 11 2023 13 2025 15 2027 17

Following a supply transformer contingency (for example, a unit failure), restoration of full capacity can be achieved by: shifting load to other grid exit points, and swapping a transformer unit with an on-site spare unit, taking up to 14 hours to complete. Solution Powerco is planning to increase transmission security to Waihou with a new grid exit point at Piako. Piako will connect to the existing 110 kV HamiltonWaihou circuits and reduce Waihou peak load by approximately 40% by 2027. This will not resolve the Waihou supply transformer overload issue. A likely long-term solution is to replace the existing transformers with higher-rated transformers. These transformers have an expected end-of-life within the next 10-15 years. We will discuss with Powerco the appropriate number, rating, and timing for the replacement transformers. In addition, we will convert the 33 kV outdoor switchyard to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. 9.8.16 Waikino supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: WKO-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Base Capex, replacement 2021 B

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Waikinos load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 37/39 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Waikino is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 5 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 23 MW in 2027 (see Table 9-15).

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Table 9-15: Waikino supply transformer overload forecast


Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Waikino 1.00 5 2013 6 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 7 2015 8 2016 10 2017 11 2019 14 5-15 years out 2021 17 2023 19 2025 21 2027 23

Solution In the short term, operational measures can be used to manage this issue. We will discuss with Powerco the options to increase the supply transformers n-1 capacity. In addition, the existing supply transformers at Waikino will approach their expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years, and conversion of the existing 33 kV switchgear from outdoor to an indoor switchboard is planned for around the same time.

9.9
9.9.1

Other regional items of interest


Cambridge spur capacity
Project statuspurpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The Cambridge Spur comprises three loads (at Cambridge, Te Awamutu, and Hinuera), which are offset by Karapiro generation. There are two 110 kV circuits supplying this spur, each with a capacity of 57/70 MVA (summer/winter). The summer peak load on this spur is approaching the winter peak load, and the combined load on the Cambridge Spur in summer 2011 was approximately 100 MW. This is forecast to increase to approximately 128 MW by 2027. To avoid exceeding the n-1 capacity of the HamiltonCambridgeKarapiro circuits during peak summer load periods, Karapiros minimum generation will need to be approximately 47 MW in 2012. However, the minimum Karapiro generation will decrease to 42 MW following the commissioning of Putaruru in 2014, increasing to 62 MW in 2027. Solution Karapiro generation is generally reliable and has a capacity of 90 MW. It typically operates at 40 MW during low load periods and 80-90 MW during daytime peaks. Hinuera load will decrease when the new Putaruru grid exit point is commissioned in 2014. However, with continued load growth and periods of low water inflows, there will eventually be insufficient available generation to avoid exceeding the Hamilton CambridgeKarapiro circuits n-1 capacity (requiring a circuit upgrade). The proposed HangatikiTe Awamutu 110 kV circuit will also impact the loading on these circuits (see Section 9.8.14). Depending on the generation and load pattern in the region, the flows on the Cambridge spur may increase or decrease. We will investigate options to alleviate the overload. 9.9.2 Hamilton low voltage
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The Hamilton 220 kV bus will have low voltage (below 0.9 pu) from 2019 for the following system conditions: high load periods

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loss of the 220 kV HamiltonOhinewai circuit, and low Waikato 110 kV generation. Solution We will investigate options to resolve this issue closer to the time it occurs. Some of the options include: reactive support in the Waikato 110 kV transmission network, and a third 220 kV connection to Hamilton (see Section 9.9.3). 9.9.3 Hamilton transmission security during maintenance
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue When either a 220 kV HamiltonWhakamaru circuit or a 220 kV HamiltonOhinewai circuit or Hamilton 220/110 kV interconnection is out for maintenance, the 110 kV system is split from the 220 kV system, placing a considerable part of the Waikato region on n security. Solution It may be economic to provide full or partial n-1 security during maintenance. We are considering options that include a: new 200 MVA 220/110 kV transformer at a new substation, connected to the intersection of the 220 kV OtahuhuWhakamaru 3 circuit and the 110 kV HamiltonWaihou circuits, or third 220 kV circuit into Hamilton, and/or third interconnecting transformer in parallel with the existing transformers. 9.9.4 Te Kowhai substation developments
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: TWH-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Supply transformer upgrade: committed, customer-specific New supply transformer: possible, customer-specific Supply transformer upgrade: 2012 New supply transformer 2018 Supply transformer upgrade: A New supply transformer: C

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Te Kowhais load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 200 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 109/109 MVA (summer/winter). There are also two embedded generators (Te Uku and Te Rapa) at Te Kowhai. The net load in 2011 ranged from an injection of approximately 70 MW to an off take of approximately 85 MW. Solution The distribution network is capable of substantial load shifting between Te Kowhai and Hamilton. The supply capacity at Hamilton is highly constrained (see Section 9.8.7). Following discussions with WEL Networks, to enable additional load transfer to Te Kowhai from Hamilton, we are: increasing the rating of the two existing supply transformers by installing radiators and fans in 2012, increasing the n-1 capacity to 132 MVA, and

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proposing to install a third 120 MVA 220/33 kV supply transformer at Te Kowhai by around 2018.

9.10

Waikato generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected at any substation depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. 70 See our website for more information about connecting generation.

9.10.1 Hauauru Ma Raki wind station The proposed Hauauru Ma Raki wind generation station (also referred to as the Waikato wind station) may generate up to 540 MW, and will connect to the 220 kV double-circuit transmission line between Huntly and Drury. If it is necessary to cater for a generation scenario with maximum wind generation and maximum Huntly generation (assuming sustained low hydro generation), then it may be necessary to reconductor the two 220 kV HuntlyOhinewai circuits, and thermally upgrade the two 220 kV circuits between the wind station connection and Drury. 9.10.2 Hangatiki generation There are prospects to connect up to approximately 40 MW of generation at Hangatiki. This generation will worsen the overloading issue on the 110 kV Arapuni Hamilton circuits (see Section 9.8.1 for more information). To prevent the overloading of these circuits under a wide range of load and generation scenarios, the following upgrades will be required: runback schemes at Arapuni and/or Hangatiki. reconductoring the 110 kV ArapuniHamilton circuits. For example, during 2012 winter peak loads, with combined Huntly, Otahuhu, and Southdown generation of 1,525 MW and Arapuni generation of 180 MW, any generation at Hangatiki will cause the ArapuniHamilton circuits to overload. In addition, any new generation on the 110 kV transmission network in the Waikato region will add to the 110 kV BombayHamilton and 110 kV ArapuniKinleith loading (see Section 9.8.2). Options to enable this level of generation include generation runback schemes, generation re-scheduling, and possibly reconductoring the BombayHamilton circuit. Possible overloading of the two 110 kV ArapuniKinleith circuits may need to be addressed, but this may be required irrespective of additional generation at Hangatiki.

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http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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Chapter 10: Bay of Plenty Region

10

Bay of Plenty Regional Plan


10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 Regional overview Bay of Plenty transmission system Bay of Plenty demand Bay of Plenty generation Bay of Plenty significant maintenance work Future Bay of Plenty projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Bay of Plenty transmission capability Other regional items of interest Bay of Plenty generation proposals and opportunities

10.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Bay of Plenty regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 10-1: Bay of Plenty region

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Chapter 10: Bay of Plenty Region

The Bay of Plenty region includes a mix of significant and growing provincial cities (Mount Maunganui, Tauranga, and Rotorua) together with smaller, less active rural localities (Waiotahi and Te Kaha) and heavy industry (Kawerau, and Kinleith Pulp and Paper Mills). We have assessed the Bay of Plenty regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

10.2

Bay of Plenty transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Bay of Plenty regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 10-1 and schematically in Figure 10-2.
Figure 10-2: Bay of Plenty transmission schematic
Mount Maunganui
33 kV 11 kV 110 kV 110 kV

Tauranga Kaitimako
33 kV 110 kV 33 kV

Te Kaha Edgecumbe
110 kV 33 kV 11 kV

Te Matai

Waiotahi
110 kV 50 kV

110 kV

Okere
11 kV 220 kV

Tarukenga
220 kV 110 kV

KEY

Kawerau
110 kV 220 kV
220kV CIRCUIT 110kV CIRCUIT 50kV CIRCUIT

Lichfield WAIKATO
Arapuni 110 kV 11 kV

11 kV

Wheao
110 kV 33 kV 110 kV 11 kV 11 kV (TASMAN) 11 kV 11 kV

SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER TEE POINT LOAD CAPACITOR GENERATOR

Rotorua
11 kV

Owhata Matahina
Atiamuri Ohakuri
110 kV

110 kV 33 kV

Kinleith

Aniwhenua

WAIKATO

10.2.1 Transmission into the region Bay of Plenty generation is lower than maximum local demand, with the deficit imported through the National Grid during peak load conditions, and any surplus exported during light load conditions. The 220 kV WhakamaruAtiamuri and OhakuriWairakei circuits connect the region to the rest of the National Grid. The region will be on n security whenever one circuit is out of service for maintenance. These circuits capacities are expected to be adequate to supply the regional load in the short term. We will monitor the generation developments in the region and the Wairakei Ring area to determine if a transmission upgrade is required. See Chapter 6, section 6.4.3 for more information.

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Chapter 10: Bay of Plenty Region

There is also a low capacity 110 kV TarukengaKinleithArapuni connection. This connection is presently split at Arapuni to prevent it overloading. 10.2.2 Transmission within the region The transmission network in the Bay of Plenty region comprises 220 kV and 110 kV circuits with interconnecting transformers located at Tarukenga, Edgecumbe, and Kawerau. The Edgecumbe interconnecting transformers are not normally in service. There is also a single 50 kV circuit between Waiotahi and Te Kaha. The Bay of Plenty load is predominantly supplied through the 220 kV Whakamaru Atiamuri and OhakuriWairakei circuits, with lower capacity 110 kV circuits through Kinleith. Reactive power support is provided by 25 Mvar capacitors at Tauranga and Mount Maunganui. Within the region, we will be converting the 110 kV transmission network between 71 Tarukenga and Kaitimako to 220 kV to provide greater capacity into Mount Maunganui and Tauranga. This will resolve other system issues such as the overloading of a Tarukenga interconnecting transformer and the overloading of a 110 kV OkereTe Matai circuit. We are also discussing with Powerco and Unison options to increase the: capacity into and around Rotorua which may involve line upgrades between Tarukenga and Rotorua, and/or new supply transformers at Rotorua and Owhata, and supply security by building a new grid exit point at Papamoa to alleviate load growth at Mount Maunganui and Te Matai. Generation and interruptible load connected directly or indirectly to the Kawerau 110 kV bus must sometimes be constrained to prevent overloading of the 220/110 kV transformers. There is a total of 236 MW installed generation capacity at Kawerau (Aniwhenua, Kawerau Geothermal, and Matahina). 10.2.3 Longer-term development path No firm options have been developed for the Bay of Plenty region beyond the planning period. However, long-term planning for recent projects has indicated the following possible developments in the 10-20 year range. A third interconnecting transformer at Kaitimako. A third interconnecting transformer at Tarukenga. Additional reactive support in the western Bay of Plenty area. Capacity upgrades on the OkereTe Matai, KaitimakoTe Matai and Okere Tarukenga circuits. In the longer term, one possible development is a connection from north of Tauranga to the existing Waihou substation in the Waikato region. This may be required to meet long-term load growth in the fast-growing Tauranga area, and improve security during maintenance outages. There is the potential for significant additional geothermal generation in the eastern Bay of Plenty region, around Kawerau. If significant generation eventuates, then a staged transmission capacity upgrade will be required (see Section 10.10.1 for more information).

71

The line between Tarukenga and Kaitimako is built at 220 kV but operated at 110 kV.

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10.3

Bay of Plenty demand


The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Bay of Plenty region is forecast to grow on average by 1.2% annually over the next 15 years, from 581 MW in 2012 to 689 MW by 2027. This is lower than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 10-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 72 demand (after diversity ) for the Bay of Plenty region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.
Figure 10-3: Bay of Plenty region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Load (MW) 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 1997

Bay of Plenty

2011 APR Forecast 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 10-1 lists forecasts peak demand (prudent growth) for each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 10-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at Bay of Plenty grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Edgecumbe Kaitimako
1

5-15 years out 2017 77 37 24 90 85 85 31 9 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 83 39 25 90 85 85 32 9 88 41 26 90 85 85 33 9 92 43 27 90 85 85 34 9 96 45 28 90 85 85 35 9 99 47 29 90 85 85 36 9

0.96 0.98 0.98 1.00 0.98 -0.94 0.98 0.95

65 22 21 90 85 85 28 9

67 27 21 90 85 85 29 9

70 34 22 90 85 85 29 9

72 35 23 90 85 85 30 9

75 36 23 90 85 85 30 9

Kawerau Horizon Kawerau T6-T9 Kawerau T11/ T14 Kinleith 11 kV Kinleith 33 kV Lichfield

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The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 10: Bay of Plenty Region

Grid exit point

Power factor

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 79 18 10 36 44 28 102 13 2 33 11 72 16 0 35 42 30 88 12 2 33 10 74 16 0 35 42 31 91 12 2 34 10 76 17 0 36 43 26 93 12 2 35 11 74 17 10 36 43 27 96 13 2 31 11 76 17 10 36 43 28 99 13 2 32 11 84 18 10 37 44 30 108 13 2 35 12 5-15 years out 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 88 19 10 38 45 31 114 14 2 37 12 92 20 10 38 46 32 118 14 3 39 13 96 20 10 39 47 34 123 14 3 41 13 99 21 10 39 47 35 127 15 3 42 14

Mt Maunganui 33 kV2 Owhata Papamoa


2

0.98 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97


1

Rotorua 11 kV Rotorua 33 kV Tauranga 11 kV Tauranga 33 kV Tarukenga 11 kV Te Kaha Te Matai Waiotahi 1. 2.


2

0.99 0.95 1.00 0.97 0.96 0.98

The customer advises that 5 MW of load will be shifted from Tauranga 11 kV to Kaitimako in 2014. The customer advises that some 5 MW from Mt Maunganui and 5MW from Te Matai may be shifted to the new Papamoa East grid exit point in 2015.

10.4

Bay of Plenty generation


The Bay of Plenty regions generation capacity is approximately 393 MW. Kaimai is a run of river scheme that varies between 14 MW and 42 MW, injecting into the Tauranga 33 kV bus. Typically, 14 MW is the minimum generation available from the scheme, which is used to offset peak grid exit point loads, but only if sufficient water is available. Table 10-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations including those embedded within the relevant local 73 lines companys network (Horizon, Unison, or Powerco).
Table 10-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at Bay of Plenty grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) 2012 Aniwhenua Edgecumbe (Bay Milk) Kawerau (BOPE) Kawerau (TPP) Kawerau - KAG Kawerau (KA24) Kawerau (Norske Skog) Kinleith Matahina Mount Maunganui (Ballance Agri) 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 2013 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2014 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 2015 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 2016 2017 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 2019 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 5-15 years out 2021 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 2023 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 2025 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 2027 25 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7

73

Only generators with a capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt.

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Grid injection point (location if embedded) 2012 Rotorua (Fletcher Forests) Rotorua (Wheao, Flaxy, Kaingaroa) Tauranga (Kaimai) 3 24 42 2013 3 24 42

Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2014 3 24 42 2015 3 24 42 2016 2017 3 24 42 3 24 42 2019 3 24 42 5-15 years out 2021 3 24 42 2023 3 24 42 2025 3 24 42 2027 3 24 42

10.5

Bay of Plenty significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 10-3 lists the 74 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the Bay of Plenty region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.
Table 10-3: Proposed significant maintenance work
Description Edgecumbe supply transformers expected end-of-life, and Edgecumbe 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Edgecumbe interconnecting transformers expected end-of-life Tentative year 2027-2029 2012-2014 2024-2026 Related system issues The forecast load will exceed the transformers n-1 capacity from 2013. See Section 10.8.4 for more information. The Edgecumbe interconnecting transformers are normally open to reduce generation constraints at Kawerau. See Section 10.10.1 for more information. Replacing these transformers will affect the 11 kV fault level. See Section 10.10.1 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period.

Kawerau 110/11 kV supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 11 kV switchgear replacement All Kinleith 110/11 kV supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 11 kV indoor switchboard replacement Kinleith T4 supply transformer expected end-of-life

2018-2020

2016-2021

2016-2021

Changing the transformers vector group will enable T4 and T5 to operate in parallel. This is one option to provide n-1 security to the 33 kV bus. See Section 10.8.7 for more information. Upgrading the transformers capacity will resolve the transformer overloading issue. See Section 10.8.10 for more information. Upgrading the transformers capacity will resolve the transformer overloading issue. See Section 10.8.11 for more information. Committed system development will relieve constraints on 110 kV transmission network between Tarukenga and Arapuni. See Section 10.9.4 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. Upgrading the transformer capacity will resolve the transformer overload issue. See Section 10.8.16 for more information. Upgrading the transformers capacity will resolve the transformer overloading issue. See Section 10.8.17 for more information.

Owhata supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 11 kV switchgear replacement Rotorua110/11 kV supply transformers expected end-of-life Tarukenga interconnecting transformers replacement

2016-2018 2027-2029 2013-2015

2013

Te Kaha substation redevelopment Te Matai T1 supply transformer expected end-of-life Waiotahi 110/11 kV supply transformers expected end-of-life

2012-2013 2025-2027

2019-2021

74

This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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10.6

Future Bay of Plenty projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 10-4 lists projects to be carried out in the Bay of Plenty region within the next 15 years. Figure 10-4 shows the possible configuration of Bay of Plenty transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 10-4: Projects in the Bay of Plenty region up to 2027
Site Edgecumbe Projects Increase supply transformer protection settings interim solution. Replace supply transformers with higher-rated units. Replace interconnecting transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Increase 220/110 kV transformer capacity. Replace 110/11 kV T1 and T2 supply transformers. Replace 11 kV switchgear. Install a new 220 kV bus, new two 150 MVA interconnecting transformers, and thermally upgrade and convert KaitimakoTarukenga to 220 kV operations. Install a third interconnecting transformer. Replace 110/11 kV supply transformer. Replace 11 kV indoor switchboard. Replace 110/33 kV T4 supply transformer. Replace 110/33 kV T5 supply transformer with higher-rated unit. Replace 110/11 kV supply transformers. Replace 11 kV switchgear. New grid exit point. Thermal upgrade the circuit. Replace 110/11 kV supply transformers. Replace 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers. Upgrade 110/11 kV transformers branch limiting components Substation re-development. Replace 40 MVA supply transformer. Replace 110/11 kV supply transformer. Status Base Capex Possible Base Capex Base Capex Proposed Base Capex Base Capex Committed

Kawerau

Kaitimako

Possible Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex Base Capex Possible Possible Base Capex Committed Possible Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex

Kinleith

Owhata Papamoa Rotorua Tarukenga Rotorua Tarukenga Tauranga Te Kaha Te Matai Waiotahi

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Figure 10-4: Possible Bay of Plenty transmission configuration in 2027


Mount Maunganui
33 kV 11 kV 110 kV 110 kV

Tauranga

*
110 kV

33 kV 110 kV

Papamoa
33 kV 33 kV 110 kV

Te Kaha Edgecumbe
110 kV 11 kV

Kaitimako
220 kV

Te Matai
33 kV

Waiotahi
110 kV 50 kV

Okere
11 kV 220kV

220 kV

Tarukenga
110 kV 11 kV

Kawerau
110 kV 220 kV KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

Lichfield WAIKATO
Arapuni 110 kV 11 kV

Wheao
110 kV 33 kV 110 kV 11 kV 11 kV 11 kV 11 kV (TASMAN)

MINOR UPGRADE

Rotorua
11 kV 110 kV 33 kV

Owhata

Kinleith
Atiamuri Ohakuri
110 kV

Matahina Aniwhenua

WAIKATO

10.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 10-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 10-5: Changes since 2011
Issues Mount Maunganui supply transformer capacity Change New issue.

10.8

Bay of Plenty transmission capability


Table 10-6 summarises issues involving the Bay of Plenty region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.
Table 10-6: Bay of Plenty region transmission issues
Section number Regional 10.8.1 10.8.2 10.8.3 Kawerau 110 kV generation constraint Tarukenga interconnecting transformer capacity Tauranga and Mount Maunganui transmission security Issue

Site by grid exit point 10.8.4 10.8.5 10.8.6 10.8.7 10.8.8 10.8.9 Edgecumbe supply transformer capacity Kaitimako supply security KinleithTarukenga 110 kV transmission capacity Kinleith 110/33 kV supply transformer capacity Mount Maunganui supply transformer capacity OkereTe Matai 110 kV transmission capacity

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Section number 10.8.10 10.8.11 10.8.12 10.8.13 10.8.14 10.8.15 10.8.16 10.8.17 10.8.18

Issue Owhata supply transformer capacity Rotorua supply transformer capacity Rotorua transmission security Tarukenga supply security Tauranga 11 kV supply transformer capacity Tauranga 33 kV supply transformer capacity Te Matai supply transformer capacity Waiotahi supply transformer capacity Waiotahi and Te Kaha supply security

10.8.1 Kawerau 110 kV generation constraint


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: 110 kV reconfiguration: EDG_MAT-TRAN-DEV-01 Interconnecting transformer: KAW-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Proposed, to provide net market benefit 110 kV reconfiguration: 2012 Interconnecting transformer: 2014 110 kV reconfiguration: A Interconnecting transformer: B

Issue Generation at Aniwhenua, Matahina, KAG, embedded generation within Horizons distribution network and within the Norske-Skog mill connects to the Kawerau 110 kV bus. The Kawerau 110 kV bus is connected to the rest of the system through: Kawerau 220/110 kV transformer T12 (100 MVA, 20% impedance) Kawerau 220/110 kV transformer T13 (100 MVA, 10% impedance), and low capacity 110 kV circuits (KawerauEdgecumbe 1 and 2, each rated at 48/59 MVA, in series with EdgecumbeOwhata rated at 57/69 MVA). There is an existing constraint for exporting generation from the Kawerau 110 kV bus under the following situations. High generation and low demand at Kawerau. An under frequency event for a Huntly generation trip or loss of the HVDC requiring increased generation and tripping interruptible load. An outage of a 110 kV EdgecumbeKawerau circuit or the 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer. Norske Skog is commissioning a 25 MW generator in December 2012, connected to the Kawerau 110 kV bus. This will increase the occurrences of generation constraints at Kawerau. Solution A grid upgrade proposal has been submitted for Commerce Commission approval 76 to replace the Kawerau T12 transformer with a 250 MVA 10% impedance transformer. If approved, the project is expected to be completed in 2014. This will relieve existing generation constraints and allow for a small increase in future generation connections at the Kawerau 110 kV bus.
75

75 76

http://www.gridnewzealand.co.nz/n4751.html The Kawerau 220/110 kV T12 transformer is 100 MVA, 20% impedance.

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We will not be able to replace a transformer before 2014 due to the lead time to procure and install the transformer. As part of our grid upgrade proposal, we will implement an interim grid reconfiguration to relieve constraints until we commission the new transformer. The interim measure is to connect the KawerauMatahina 2 circuit directly to the EdgecumbeKawerau 2 circuit, bypassing Kawerau to create a single circuit between Matahina and Edgecumbe, and splitting the Matahina bus. The EdgecumbeKawerau 1 circuit is open during this period (see Figure 10-5).
Figure 10-5 : Grid reconfiguration to shift one Matahina generator to Edgecumbe
Te Matai Edgecumbe
110 kV

Waiotahi
33 kV 110 kV Okere

Tarukenga
220 kV

Kawerau
110 kV 220 kV KEY
220kV CIRCUIT

11 kV 110 kV 11 kV 11 kV 11 kV (TASMAN)

110kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER TEE POINT LOAD GENERATOR

Owhata
Ohakuri

WAIKATO Matahina G1 Aniwhenua


110 kV

Matahina G2

10.8.2 Tarukenga interconnecting transformer capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: 220/110 kV interconnection: KMO_TRK-TRAN-EHMT-01 Interconnecting transformer: KMO-POW_TFR-DEV-01 220/110 kV interconnection: committed, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid) Interconnecting transformer: possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid) 220/110 kV interconnection: Q4 2012 Interconnecting transformer: 2017 220/110 kV interconnection: D Interconnecting transformer: B

Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Issue Two 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers at Tarukenga supply over half of the Bay of Plenty region, including the Tauranga, Mount Maunganui, and Rotorua grid exit points. They provide: a total nominal installed capacity of 408 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 246/262 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of one interconnecting transformer may cause the other to exceed its n-1 capacity. Operational measures can be taken, such as requiring increased output from embedded hydro generation (assuming water is available) and load restrictions.

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Solution We have a committed project to establish a 220/110 kV interconnection at Kaitimako, so the load at Tauranga and Mount Maunganui is removed from the Tarukenga interconnecting transformer. The new 220/110 kV interconnection at Kaitimako involves: thermally upgrading the KaitimakoTarukenga circuits and changing the 77 operating voltage from 110 kV to 220 kV , and installing two new 220/110 kV, 150 MVA interconnecting transformers at Kaitimako. This will also resolve the issue involving overloading of the 110 kV OkereTe Matai (see Section 10.8.9) beyond the forecast period. The n-1 capacity of the new interconnection at Kaitimako (due to be commissioned at the end of 2012) is sufficient until 2017. The proposed new grid exit point at Papamoa (see Section 10.9.1) will further defer the Kaitimato interconnecting transformers overload issue until 2018. Operational measures, such as requiring increased output from embedded hydro generation (assuming water is available) and load restrictions, may defer the overload for another few years. In the longer-term, a third interconnecting transformer is likely to be required at Kaitimako. 10.8.3 Tauranga and Mount Maunganui transmission security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: PPM-SUBEST-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific To be advised B

Issue Tauranga and Mount Maunganui are supplied from Kaitimako through the following 110 kV circuits (see Figure 10-6): KaitimakoTauranga 1, rated at 96/105 MVA (summer/winter) KaitimakoMount Maunganui 1, rated at 63/77 MVA (summer/winter), and a shared KaitimakoTaurangaMount Maunganui 2 circuit with the following ratings. KaitimakoPoike section 96/105 MVA (summer/winter). PoikeTauranga section 96/105 MVA (summer/winter). PoikeMount Maunganui 63/77 MVA (summer/winter).

77

The KaitimakoTarukenga circuits are constructed at 220 kV, but operated at 110 kV.

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Figure 10-6: Kaitimako grid configuration


Mount Maunganui
110 kV

Tauranga Poike
110 kV 110 kV

Kaitimako
110 kV

Te Matai

Edgecumbe
110 kV

Okere

110 kV

Tarukenga

110 kV

Owhata

For Tauranga and Mount Maunganui security, an outage of the Kaitimako Tauranga 1 circuit during peak load periods will cause the KaitimakoPoike circuit section to overload from 2013. This assumes Kaimai (Tauranga) is generating 14 MW. In addition, an outage of a KaitimakoMount Maunganui circuit or a Mount MaunganuiPoike circuit section will overload the other circuit from 2017. For Tauranga, an outage of the KaitimakoTauranga circuit or the PoikeTauranga circuit section will overload the other circuit from 2020. Solution The overloading of the KaitimakoPoike circuit section is addressed by an existing special protection scheme, which will reconfigure the KaitimakoTaurangaMount Maunganui 2 circuit at Tauranga or Mount Maunganui to remove the overload. This addresses the issue only until the load at Mount Maunganui and Tauranga exceeds the rating of the KaitimakoMount Maunganui (2017) and KaitimakoTauranga circuits (2020). We will discuss options to address the Tauranga security issue with Powerco, which include: transferring more load from Tauranga to the new Kaitimako grid exit point, and short-term operational measures to limit the Tauranga load and/or constrain-on generation at Kaimai. Future investment will be customer driven. The Mount Maunganui security issue is addressed by: transferring load from Mount Maunganui to a proposed new Papamoa grid exit point (see Section 10.9.1), and operational measures (if required in the short term) to limit the Mount Maunganui load. Land will need to be acquired for the new grid exit point at Papamoa.

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10.8.4 Edgecumbe supply transformer capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Upgrade protection: EDG-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Upgrade transformer: EDG-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Upgrade protection: Base Capex, minor enhancement Upgrade transformer: possible, customer-specific Upgrade protection: 2013 Upgrade transformer: to be advised Upgrade protection: A Upgrade transformer: C

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Edgecumbes load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 100 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 60/60 MVA
78

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Edgecumbe is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 9 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 43 MW in 2027 (see Table 10-7).
Table 10-7: Edgecumbe supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Edgecumbe 0.96 9 2013 11 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 14 2015 16 2016 2017 19 21 2019 27 5-15 years out 2021 31 2023 35 2025 40 2027 43

Solution Resolving the protection limit will delay the overload issue until 2013. We will discuss with Horizon Energy future supply options, which involve: limiting the load or transferring some load to another grid exit point in the short term, and replacing the existing transformers with higher-rated units in the long term. We will also convert the Edgecumbe 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next five years, and raise the protection limit in conjunction with the conversion work. In addition, the two supply transformers will approach their expected end-of-life at the end of the forecast period. Any future transformer upgrade will be customer driven. 10.8.5 Kaitimako supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 110/33 kV, 75 MVA transformer supplies load at Kaitimako resulting in no n-1 security. Some of the 33 kV Tauranga load will be shifted to Kaitimako, which is forecast to grow to 47 MW by 2027 (see also Section 10.8.3). Solution The lack of n-1 security can be managed operationally by transferring load to Tauranga.

78

The transformers capacity is limited by protection settings; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 62/67 MVA (summer/winter).

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10.8.6 KinleithTarukenga 110 kV transmission capacity


Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

The 110 kV KinleithTarukenga 1 and 2 circuits are rated at 51/62 MVA and 63/77 MVA (summer/winter), respectively. These circuits may overload during low Arapuni and/or Upper North Island generation, if either of the following circuits is out of service: 220 kV HamiltonWhakamaru, or 110 kV KinleithLichfieldTarukenga. Solution This issue is managed with the Arapuni bus split and generation limits at Arapuni. This issue will be alleviated by the following committed projects. The North Island Grid Upgrade. The WairakeiWhakamaru C line. The Tarukenga interconnecting transformer replacement. These measures will relieve but not eliminate the constraints on the Kinleith Taruekenga circuits. Operational measures can be used to manage the constraints for the forecast period and beyond. 10.8.7 Kinleith 110/33 kV supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: KIN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific 2016 A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers (rated at 20 MVA and 30 MVA) supply Kinleiths 33 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 50 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 24/25 MVA (summer/winter). These supply transformers cannot be connected to the 33 kV bus at the same time, due to different vector groups. The peak 33 kV load at Kinleith is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 4 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 12 MW in 2027 (see Table 10-8).
Table 10-8: Kinleith 33 kV supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Kinleith 33 kV 0.98 4 2013 4 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 5 2015 5 2016 2017 6 7 2019 8 5-15 years out 2021 9 2023 10 2025 11 2027 12

Solution We are discussing options with Powerco and Carter Holt Harvey. One possible option is to replace the 20 MVA transformer with a 40 MVA transformer. In addition, the 30 MVA transformer is approaching its expected end-of-life within the next five years. The appropriate rating and vector group for the replacement transformer will also be considered, in conjunction with the replacement work. Any future transformer upgrade will be customer driven.

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10.8.8 Mount Maunganui supply transformer capacity


Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Mount Maunganuis load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 150 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 87/87
79

MVA (summer/winter).

The peak load at Mount Maunganui is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 4 MW in 2019, increasing to approximately 19 MW in 2027 (see Table 10-9).
Table 10-9: Mount Maunganui supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Mount Maunganui 0.98 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 4 5-15 years out 2021 9 2023 12 2025 16 2027 19

Solution The transmission capacity into Mount Maunganui is limited to approximately 75 MW by the rating of the KaitimakoMount Maunganui circuit (see Section 10.8.3). This constraint will be addressed by transferring load from Mount Maunganui to a proposed new grid exit point at Papamoa (see Section 10.9.1 for more information). 10.8.9 OkereTe Matai 110 kV transmission capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The Western Bay of Plenty area of Kaitimako, Mount Maunganui, Tauranga and Te Matai are supplied via three 110 kV circuits: two 110 kV KaitimakoTarukenga circuits, and one 110 kV OkereTe MataiKaitimako circuit. During periods of high demand, an outage of one KaitimakoTarukenga circuit can overload the OkereTe Matai circuit. The establishment of a new grid exit point at Papamoa (see Section 10.9.1 for more information) will increase the loading on the OkereTe Matai circuit. Solution The committed project to increase the operating voltage of the KaitimakoTarukenga circuits from 110 kV to 220 kV (see Section 10.8.2 for more information) will alleviate the overloading issue on the OkereTe Matai circuit until 2023. With a third interconnecting transformer at Kaitimako the overloading will be alleviated for the forecast period and beyond. 10.8.10 Owhata supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose:
79

OWH-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific

The transformers capacity is limited by the protection limit; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 87/98 MVA (summer/winter).

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Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

2014 To be advised

Issue Two 110/11 kV transformers supply Owhatas load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 20 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 11/12 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Owhata is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 5 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 9 MW in 2027 (see Table 10-10).
Table 10-10: Owhata supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Owhata 0.99 5 2013 5 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 5 2015 6 2016 2017 6 7 2019 7 5-15 years out 2021 8 2023 8 2025 9 2027 9

Solution Presently, operational measures can be taken to prevent transformer overloads in the event of a transformer failure. In the short term, Unison has a number of smart grid projects underway to increase load shifting between Owhata and Rotorua. Shifting load from Rotorua to Owhata will also reduce loading on the 110 kV RotoruaTarukenga circuits (see Section 10.8.12). Unison is reconfiguring its distribution system, and discussing options with us (see Section 10.9.5). Unison plans to add a 33 kV connection point at Owhata within the forecast period. Three options to replace the existing transformers are being considered for longer-term supply at Owhata, which involve: two higher-rated 110/11 kV transformers followed by two 110/33 kV transformers two 110/33/11 kV transformers, or one 110/33 kV, one 110/11 kV and one 33/11 kV transformer. Additionally, the 110/11 kV supply transformers at Owhata will approach their expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years. We are discussing with Unison the rating and timing for these replacement transformers. We do not anticipate any property issues, as the transformer replacement work can be carried out within the existing substation boundary. 10.8.11 Rotorua supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: ROT-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific 2013-15 B

Issue Two 110/11 kV transformers supply Rotoruas 11 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 40 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 25/27 MVA (summer/winter).

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The peak load at Rotorua is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 10 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 14 MW in 2027 (see Table 10-11).
Table 10-11: Rotorua supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Rotorua 0.97 10 2013 10 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 11 2015 11 2016 2017 11 11 2019 12 5-15 years out 2021 13 2023 13 2025 14 2027 14

There are also two 110/33 kV supply transformers supplying the 33 kV load at Rotorua providing: a total nominal capacity of 120 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 66/66
80

MVA (summer/winter).

The Rotorua 33 kV peak load is not forecast to exceed the 110/33 kV transformers capacity for the duration of the forecast period. Solution We are discussing future supply options with Unison (see Section 10.9.5), which includes increasing the 110/11 kV supply transformer capacities. Unison also advises that: load can be transferred within its network to Tarukenga and Owhata following a 110/11 kV transformer failure, and it is investigating options to transfer some of the existing 11 kV load to the 33 kV bus and Owhata. In addition, the 110/11 kV supply transformers at Rotorua are approaching their expected end-of-life within the next five years. We do not anticipate any property issues, as the transformer replacement work can be carried out within the existing substation boundary. 10.8.12 Rotorua transmission security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: ROT_TRK-TRAN-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific 2014 A

Issue The 110 kV RotoruaTarukenga line comprises two circuits, each rated at 63/77 MVA (summer/winter). The 110 kV bus at Rotorua is split so that the: local generation at Wheao and some of the Rotorua load is connected to the 110 kV RotoruaTarukenga 2 circuit, and majority of Rotoruas load is supplied from the 110 kV RotoruaTarukenga 1 circuit. Outage of the 110 kV RotoruaTarukenga 2 circuit: results in the loss of Wheao generation, and overloads the remaining 110 kV RotoruaTarukenga 1 circuit (as it supplies all Rotoruas load).
80

The transformers capacity is limited by the protection limit; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 68/71 MVA (summer/winter).

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Outage of the 110 kV RotoruaTarukenga 1 circuit results in a loss of supply to the entire Rotorua 11 kV load. Solution We are discussing with Unison (the local lines company) and Trustpower (owner of the embedded generation connecting at Rotorua) future supply options, which include: in the short term, transferring load within Unisons network to Tarukenga and Owhata to reduce the Rotorua load to within the capacity of the 110 kV Rotorua Tarukenga circuits, and/or in the long term, thermally upgrading the existing 110 kV RotoruaTarukenga circuits to 90/100 MVA (summer/winter), which may require easements over some parts of the line. Unison is considering moving a substantial amount of load from Rotorua to Owhata, which may defer the 110 kV RotoruaTarukenga circuit upgrades. Reducing the 11 kV load and reconfiguring the Rotorua 110 kV bus will prevent the total loss of supply for the 11 kV load. Future investment will be customer driven. 10.8.13 Tarukenga supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 110/11 kV, 20 MVA supply transformer supplies Tarukengas load resulting in no n-1 security. Tarukengas peak load is forecast to grow to 15 MW by 2027. Unison can backfeed this load from the Rotorua 11 kV bus if required. Solution The lack of n-1 security can be managed operationally. 10.8.14 Tauranga 11 kV supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 110/11 kV transformers supply Taurangas 11 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 30/30 MVA
81

(summer/winter).

The peak load on the Tauranga 11 kV bus is forecast to: exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 3 MW in 2012 not exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity from 2014 to 2016 following 5 MW of load shifting to Kaitimako in 2014, and exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 8 MW in 2027 (see Table 10-12).

81

The transformers capacity is limited by low voltage cables, protection limits, and the series reactors; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 45/45 MVA (summer/winter).

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Table 10-12: Tauranga 11 kV supply transformer overload forecast


Grid exit point Power factor Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Tauranga 11 kV 0.99 3 3 0 0 0 1 2019 2 5-15 years out 2021 2023 2025 2027 4 5 6 8

Solution A possible option is to limit the load or to transfer additional load to Kaitimako. In the longer term, resolving the low voltage cable limit and the protection limit will provide sufficient n-1 capacity to meet the load growth within the forecast period. Future investment will be customer driven. 10.8.15 Tauranga 33 kV supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only
82

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers (rated at 120 MVA and 90 MVA) supply Taurangas 33 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 158 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 68/68
83

MVA (summer/winter).

The peak load on the Tauranga 33 kV bus is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2017, increasing to approximately 20 MW in 2027 (see Table 10-13). This overload forecast assumes that there is at least 14 MW of Kaimai (Tauranga) generation.
Table 10-13: Tauranga 33 kV supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Tauranga 33 kV 0.95 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 5-15 years out 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 10 13 17 20

Solution The branch limits on the 120 MVA supply transformer are temporary. Those limits will be removed on completion of the 33 kV indoor switchboard project, ensuring the Tauranga 33 kV load has n-1 capacity for the forecast period and beyond. 10.8.16 Te Matai supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers (rated at 30 MVA and 40 MVA) supply Te Matais load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 70 MVA, and
82

83

Resolving the low voltage cables and protection limits will increase the n-1 capacity to 40/40 MVA (summer/winter), which is the limit of the series reactors. This is sufficient to meet the load within the forecast period. The 120 MVA transformers capacity is limited by low voltage switchgear; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 75/75 MVA (summer/winter) which is the LV cable limit.

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Chapter 10: Bay of Plenty Region

n-1 capacity of 36/39 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Te Matai is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2014 not exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity from 2015 to 2018 following 5 MW of load shifting to the proposed new grid exit point at Papamoa, and exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 8 MW in 2027 (see Table 10-14).
Table 10-14: Te Matai supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Te Matai 0.96 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 1 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 1 5-15 years out 2021 3 2023 5 2025 6 2027 8

Solution Powerco can transfer some more of its load to a new grid exit point at Papamoa (see also Section 10.9.1) ensuring Te Matai has n-1 security for the forecast period and beyond. In addition, the Te Matai 30 MVA supply transformer will approach its expected endof-life at the end of the forecast period. We will discuss with Powerco the timing and rating of the replacement transformer. Future investment will be customer driven. 10.8.17 Waiotahi supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpsoe: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 110/11 kV transformers supply Waiotahis load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 20 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 11/12 MVA (summer/winter). The transformers also supply Te Kahas load via an 11/50 kV step-up transformer at Waiotahi. The combined peak load at Waiotahi is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2012, increasing to 6 MW in 2027 (see Table 10-15).
Table 10-15: Waiotahi supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Waiotahi (and Te Kaha) 0.98 1 2013 2 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2 2015 2 2016 2017 2 3 2019 3 5-15 years out 2021 4 2023 4 2025 5 2027 6

Solution We will discuss with Horizon Energy options to increase the transformer capacity. Additionally, the 110/11 kV supply transformers at Waiotahi will approach their expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years. We will discuss with Horizon Energy the rating and timing for these replacement transformers. We do not anticipate any property issues as the transformer replacement work can be carried out within the existing substation boundary. Future investment will be customer driven.

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10.8.18 Waiotahi and Te Kaha supply security


Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Waiotahi and Te Kaha are supplied by one transmission circuit (a 110 kV circuit to Waiotahi and a 50 kV circuit to Te Kaha) resulting in no n-1 security. Both loads are supplied from the Edgecumbe 110 kV bus via the single Edgecumbe Waiotahi circuit, with the: Waiotahi 11 kV load supplied through two 10 MVA transformers, and Te Kaha 11 kV load supplied through one: 3 MVA 11/50 kV step up transformer at Waiotahi 50 kV Te KahaWaiotahi circuit, and 2.25 MVA 50/11 kV transformer at Te Kaha. Solution The lack of n-1 security can be managed operationally.

10.9

Other regional items of interest

10.9.1 Papamoa grid exit point We are discussing with Powerco the establishment of a new grid exit point at Papamoa, connected to the 110 kV KaitimakoTe Matai circuit. The new grid exit point is to cater for load growth, which is predominantly supplied from Mount Maunganui (see also Section 10.8.3). It will also allow some load to be transferred from Te Matai (see also Section 10.8.16). Papamoa will increase the loading on the 110 kV TarukengaOkereTe Matai Kaitimako circuits. This will bring forward the need to upgrade these circuits, but does not create significant new issues. This issue does not arise within the forecast period once the new 220/110 kV interconnection at Kaitimako is commissioned. 10.9.2 KawerauMatahina 110 kV transmission capacity The 110 kV KawerauMatahina line comprises two circuits each rated at 88/98 MVA (summer/winter). This line carries the entire generation output of the Matahina and Aniwhenua generation stations to Kawerau. The generation stations combined capacity is 97 MW. Given the outage of one of the KawerauMatahina circuits, generation can be managed operationally. Some of Aniwhenuas generation is used to supply the Galatea system that is configured as an embedded network behind Matahina. During a contingency, generation at Matahina and Aniwhenua can be restricted to the remaining circuits available capacity. This situation is considered satisfactory, and there are no plans to make transmission network changes at this stage. 10.9.3 Kaitimako transmission security Kaitimako is supplied by (see Figure 10-6): two direct circuits, KaitimakoTarukenga 1 and 2, and one indirect circuit, TarukengaOkereTe MataiKaitimako. Kaitimako also supplies Mount Maunganui and Tauranga (see Section 10.8.3).

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Following the outage of any of the KaitimakoTarukenga circuits during peak load periods, it may not be possible to ensure circuit ratings and bus voltages stay within their required limits should there be another outage. In this case, a system split is required to mitigate the constraints. This situation still applies even after the conversion of the KaitimakoTarukenga circuits from 110 kV to 220 kV operation (see Section 10.8.2). 10.9.4 Tarukenga interconnecting transformer replacement The Tarukenga interconnecting transformers require replacement due to their condition. We are replacing the existing 200 MVA 5% and 3.6% impedance transformers with two 150 MVA 15% impedance transformers. The transformer capacity reduction is possible because the Western Bay of Plenty is being transferred to 220 kV by the KaitimakoTarukenga circuits upgrade to 220 kV operation (see Section 10.8.2). The increase in impedance helps to reduce the through-transmission in the 110 kV transmission network towards Kinleith (see Section 10.8.6). 10.9.5 Rotorua area development plan We are working with Unison to develop a long-term plan for supplying load in the Rotorua area. The plan will determine the most economic combination of long-term solutions to the following issues. Owhata supply transformer capacity (see Section 10.8.10) Rotorua supply transformer capacity (see Section 10.8.11) Rotorua supply transmission security (see Section 10.8.12) Tarukenga supply security (see Section 10.8.13).

10.10 Bay of Plenty generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected at any substation depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. 84 See our website for more information about connecting generation. 10.10.1 Generation connection at Kawerau The existing constraints on 110 kV generation are discussed in Section 10.8.1. There are also a number of other future generation connection proposals at Kawerau, as the area has significant geothermal resources. If these generation connections eventuate, then the likely system developments will involve: replacing the Kawerau T13 transformer (220/110 kV, 100 MVA) with a 250 MVA transformer splitting the 110 kV KawerauEdgecumbe circuits, and replacing the Edgecumbe 220/110 kV transformers and returning them to service. In addition, increased generation at Kawerau may increase the 11 kV supply bus and distribution system fault levels sufficiently to exceed their fault-level capacities. This particularly applies if new generation is connected directly to the supply bus, and may also be an issue if the generation is embedded within the distribution system. This

84

http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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may require the replacement of the existing supply transformers with higherimpedance transformers and/or replacement of the existing 11 kV switchboard. We are currently in discussions with Horizon Energy regarding the 11 kV fault level issue. The 11 kV switchboard and the 110/11 kV supply transformers at Kawerau are due for replacement within the next 10 years (see Section 10.5). We will consider options to reduce the 11 kV fault level when the equipment is due for replacement. 10.10.2 Generation connection to the OkereTe Matai circuit Some generation prospects exist close to the 110 kV OkereTe Matai circuit, or close to Okere on one of the other circuits passing through the area. These circuits can become highly loaded for some circuit outages when there is high demand. Under these conditions, the generation may need to be reduced or switched off. The committed project to increase the operating voltage of the KaitimakoTarukenga circuits (see Section 10.8.2) will reduce the extent and duration of this issue.

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Chapter 11: Central North Island Region

11

Central North Island Regional Plan


11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 Regional overview Central North Island transmission system Central North Island demand Central North Island generation Central North Island significant maintenance work Future Central North Island projects and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Central North Island transmission capability Other regional items of interest Central North Island generation proposals and opportunities

11.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Central North Island regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 11-1: Central North Island region

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Chapter 11: Central North Island Region

The Central North Island region includes a mix of small to large sized towns together with the large load at Palmerston North and environs (supplied from Bunnythorpe and Linton). There is also a large industrial load at Tangiwai. We have assessed the Central North Island regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

11.2

Central North Island transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Central North Island regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 11-1 and schematically in Figure 11-2.
Figure 11-2: Central North Island transmission schematic
WAIKATO
Hangatiki 33 kV

WAIKATO

Ohakuri

Aratiatia
220 kV

11 kV

Whakamaru 220 kV

Ohaaki Nga Awa Purua


220 kV 33 kV 220 kV

Ongarue
110 kV

Poihipi
110 kV National Park

33 kV

Wairakei
Whirinaki

Ohakune
11 kV 110 kV Brunswick 33 kV

33 kV 220 kV Redclyffe

Tokaanu Tangiwai Mataroa


110 kV 11 kV

Rangipo

HAWKES BAY
Fernhill

220 kV

TARANAKI

Waipawa
110 kV 55kV (NZR) 220 kV 33 kV

Wanganui 220 kV

11 kV 11 kV

33 kV

33 kV 55 kV (NZR) 110 kV 110 kV

Bunnythorpe Dannevirke
110 kV

Marton

Te Apiti
11 kV

Tararua
33 kV

110 kV

Linton
33 kV 110 kV

Woodville
KEY
220kV CIRCUIT 110kV CIRCUIT 33kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER TEE POINT LOAD

Mangamaire Mangahao
110 kV 33 kV Haywards Wilton Masterton Paraparaumu

CAPACITOR GENERATOR

WELLINGTON

WELLINGTON

11.2.1 Transmission into the region The Central North Island region comprises 220 kV and 110 kV transmission circuits with interconnecting transformers located at Bunnythorpe. All the 220 kV circuits form part of the grid backbone. The 110 kV transmission network is mainly supplied through the 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers at Bunnythorpe, plus low capacity connections to other regions.

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The Central North Island region is a main corridor for 220 kV transmission circuits through the North Island. The 220 kV transmission system connects Bunnythorpe from the south, and Wairakei and Tokaanu from the North. There is an approved project to replace the 220 kV single circuit WairakeiPoihipiWhakamaru line connecting to the Waikato region with a double-circuit line. The direction of power flow through the region, north or south, is set by generation and loads outside the region. Most of the Central North Islands generation capacity is connected to the 220 kV and is significantly in excess of the local demand. Surplus generation is exported over the National Grid to other demand centres. 11.2.2 Transmission within the region The 110 kV transmission system within the Central North Island region mainly consists of low-capacity circuits. The transmission system may impose constraints under certain operating conditions. Operational measures taken to ensure the 110 kV circuits operate within their thermal capacity are: normally splitting the 110 kV system at: Waipawa, for the FernhillWaipawa circuits, and Mangahao and Paraparaumu, for the MangahaoParaparaumu circuits. managing generation output to avoid overloading of the following 110 kV circuits: BunnythorpeWoodville those between Bunnythorpe and Arapuni (Waikato region), and those between Bunnythorpe and Stratford (Taranaki region). 11.2.3 Longer-term development path Longer-term development plans are being formed as part of the Lower North Island investigation. The transmission development in this region will largely depend on the magnitude and location of future generation, and the commissioning of new generation in the region may bring forward the need for transmission investment. Possible upgrades include duplexing the existing 220 kV lines, and rebuilding some of the 110 kV lines for 220 kV operation.

11.3

Central North Island demand


The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Central North Island region is forecast to grow on average by 1.1% annually over the next 15 years, from 347 MW in 2012 to 408 MW by 2027. This is lower than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 11-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 85 demand (after diversity ) for the Central North Island region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.

85

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 11: Central North Island Region

Figure 11-3: Central North Island region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Load (MW) 500

Central North Island

450

400

350

300

250

2011 APR Forecast 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak

200 1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

2027

Table 11-1 lists forecasts peak demand (prudent growth) for each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 11-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at Central North Island grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 5-15 years out 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 Bunnythorpe 33 kV Bunnythorpe NZR Dannevirke Linton Mangamaire Mangahao Marton Mataroa National Park Ohaaki Ohakune Ongarue Tokaanu Tangiwai 11 kV1 Tangiwai NZR Woodville Waipawa Wairakei 1.
1

0.98 0.80 0.97 0.99 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.80 0.98 0.96 0.90

110 8 15 75 12 39 16 8 8 6 11 11 11 44 10 4 22 50

112 8 15 77 12 40 16 8 8 6 11 11 11 44 10 4 23 51

114 8 16 78 13 41 17 8 8 6 9 11 11 47 10 4 23 52

117 8 16 80 13 41 17 9 8 6 10 11 11 47 10 4 24 53

119 8 16 81 13 42 17 9 8 6 10 11 11 48 10 5 24 54

121 8 17 83 13 43 18 9 8 6 10 11 11 48 10 5 25 55

126 8 17 86 14 45 18 9 8 7 11 11 12 49 10 5 26 57

131 8 18 89 14 46 19 10 9 7 11 12 12 50 10 5 27 60

135 8 19 92 15 48 20 10 9 7 12 12 12 51 10 5 27 61

139 8 19 95 15 49 20 10 9 7 12 12 13 52 10 5 28 63

142 8 19 97 16 50 21 10 9 7 13 12 13 53 10 6 29 64

The customer advised a 2 MW load shift from Ohakune to Tangiwai 11 kV planned for 2014.

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11.4

Central North Island generation


The Central North Islands generation capacity is 1,252 MW, increasing to 1,528 MW after the commissioning of Ngatamariki and Te Mihi geothermal power plants. This generation contributes a significant portion of the total North Island generation and exceeds local demand. Surplus generation is exported over the National Grid to other demand centres. Table 11-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations including those embedded within the relevant local lines companys network (Powerco, The Lines Company, Scanpower, Centralines, 86 Electra).
Table 11-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at Central North Island grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) Aratiatia Bunnythorpe (Tararua Wind Stage 2) Linton (Tararua Wind Stage 1) Linton (Totara Road) Mangahao Nga Awa Purua Nga Awa Purua Ngatamariki Ohaaki Ongarue (Mokauiti, Kuratau and Wairere Falls) Poihipi Rangipo Tararua Wind Central (Tararua Stage 3) Tararua Wind Central (Te Rere Hau) Te Mihi Tokaanu Wairakei
1

Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 78 36 32 1 37 140 0 46 13 51 120 93 49 0 240 161 7 35 23 90 2013 78 36 32 1 37 140 82 46 13 51 120 93 49 0 240 161 7 35 23 90 2014 78 36 32 1 37 140 82 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 2015 78 36 32 1 37 140 82 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 2016 78 36 32 1 37 140 82 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 2017 78 36 32 1 37 140 82 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 2019 78 36 32 1 37 140 82 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 5-15 years out 2021 78 36 32 1 37 140 82 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 2023 78 36 32 1 37 140 82 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 2025 78 36 32 1 37 140 82 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 2027 78 36 32 1 37 140 82 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90

Wairakei (Hinemaiaia) Wairakei (Rotokawa) Wairakei (Te Huka) Woodville - Te Apiti 1.

Contact has indicated that Wairakei generation will eventually be phased out by 2026.

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Only generators with a capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt.

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11.5

Central North Island significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 11-3 lists the 87 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the Central North Island region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.
Table 11-3: Proposed significant maintenance work
Description Bunnythorpe interconnecting transformers expected end-of-life Bunnythorpe 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Linton 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Mangahao supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Marton supply transformers expected end-of-life Mataroa supply transformer expected end-of-life National Park supply transformer expected end-of-life Ohakune supply transformer expected end-of-life Ongarue 33kV supply transformer expected end-of-life, and Ongarue 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Wairakei supply transformers expected end-of-life Tentative year 2014-2016 Related system issues The options for the replacement transformers are under investigation. See Section 11.8.1 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. The forecast load at Linton will exceed the transformers capacity from 2015. See Section 11.8.5 for more information. Managing Mangahao generation can reduce the transformers loading. See Section 11.8.6 for more information. The forecast load will exceed the transformers capacity from 2023. See Section 11.8.7 for more information. No n-1 security at Mataroa. See Section 11.8.8 for more information. No n-1 security at National Park. See Section 11.8.9 for more information. The discussion on options to increase the supply security and transformer capacity is underway. See Section 11.8.10 for more information. No n-1 security at Ongarue. See Section 11.8.11 for more information.

2012-2014 2017-2019

2020-2022 2014-2016 2023-2026

2016-2018 2013-2015 2012-2014

2025-2026 2017-2019 2024-2026

No system issues are identified within the forecast period.

11.6

Future Central North Island projects and transmission configuration


Table 11-4 lists projects to be carried out in the Central North Island region within the next 15 years. Figure 11-4 shows the possible configuration of Central North Island transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 11-4: Projects in the Central North Island region up to 2027
Site Bunnythorpe Projects Replace existing interconnecting transformers with two 150 MVA units. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. BunnythorpeHaywards A and B reconductoring. Install series reactor or phase shifting transformer. Install special protection scheme, or reconductor Status Base Capex Base Capex Preferred Possible Possible

BunnythorpeHaywards BunnythorpeMataroa BunnythorpeWoodville

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This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Chapter 11: Central North Island Region

Site

Projects BunnythorpeWoodville circuit or convert the circuits operating voltage.

Status

Linton Mangahao Marton Mataroa National Park Ohakune Ongarue Tangiwai HaywardsBunnythorpe TokaanuWhakamaru Waipawa Wairakei WairakeiWhakamaru

Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace supply transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Resolve supply transformers metering and protection limits. Replace supply transformers. Replace supply transformer. Replace supply transformer. Replace supply transformer. Replace supply transformer. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace 11 kV switchgear. Increase the transmission circuit capacities. Resolve supply transformers metering and protection limits. Replace supply transformers. Build a new 220 kV double circuit transmission line and dismantle the existing 220 kV WairakeiWhakamaru B single circuit transmission line.

Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex Base Capex Committed

Figure 11-4: Possible Central North Island transmission configuration in 2027


WAIKATO
Hangatiki 33 kV

WAIKATO

Ohakuri

Aratiatia Ngatamariki
220 kV

Whakamaru Te Mihi

Ohaaki
11 kV

Ongarue

110 kV 220 kV 110 kV National Park 33 kV 220 kV

Nga Awa Purua Wairakei

220 kV

33 kV 220 kV

Poihipi
(1)

Ohakune
11 kV 110 kV Brunswick 33 kV

33 kV

Tokaanu Rangipo Tangiwai Mataroa


110 kV 110 kV 55kV (NZR) 220 kV 220 kV 11 kV 220 kV

Whirinaki Redclyffe

HAWKES BAY
Fernhill

TARANAKI

Waipawa

Wanganui

33 kV

Bunnythorpe
33 kV 33 kV 11 kV

11 kV

*
110 kV

55 kV (NZR) 110 kV

Dannevirke
110 kV

Marton

Te Apiti
11 kV

Tararua
33 kV

110 kV

(1) The transmission backbone section identifies two possible development paths for the lower North Island: - upgrade the existing lines, and - new transmission line Although this diagram shows upgrading of the existing lines, it is not intended to indicate a preference as both options (1) are still being investigated.
Haywards Wilton

Linton
33 kV 110 kV

Woodville

Mangamaire Mangahao
110 kV 33 kV Masterton KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

WELLINGTON

Paraparaumu

WELLINGTON

MINOR UPGRADE

11.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 11-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.

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Table 11-5: Changes since 2011


Issues Linton supply transformer capacity Marton supply transformer capacity Ohaaki supply security Waipawa supply transformer capacity Woodville supply security Change New issue. New issue. Removed. These assets have been transferred to Unison. New issue. Removed. Project to replace 4.5 MVA transformer with two 10 MVA transformers completed.

11.8

Central North Island transmission capability


Table 11-6 summarises issues involving the Central North Island region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.
Table 11-6: Central North Island region transmission issues
Section number Regional 11.8.1 11.8.2 11.8.3 Bunnythorpe interconnecting transformer capacity BunnythorpeMataroa 110 kV transmission capacity BunnythorpeWoodville 110 kV transmission capacity Issue

Site by grid exit point 11.8.4 11.8.5 11.8.6 11.8.7 11.8.8 11.8.9 11.8.10 11.8.11 11.8.12 11.8.13 Bunnythorpe supply transformer capacity Linton supply transformer capacity Mangahao supply transformer capacity Marton supply transformer capacity Mataroa supply transformer security National Park transmission and supply transformer security Ohakune supply transformer security and capacity Ongarue supply transformer security Tokaanu supply transformer security Waipawa supply transformer capacity and security

11.8.1 Bunnythorpe interconnecting transformer capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: BPE-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid). 2014-2016 B

Issue There are three interconnecting transformers at Bunnythorpe, each rated at 50 MVA, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 150 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 116/125 MVA (summer/winter). Loading on the Bunnythorpe interconnecting transformers may exceed their n-1 capacity for high Central North Island and Wellington loads, coupled with low local generation in Wellington.

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Solution This issue can be managed operationally by constraining-on Mangahao generation. The Bunnythorpe interconnecting transformers have an expected end-of-life within the forecast period. They will be replaced by two 150 MVA transformers. 11.8.2 BunnythorpeMataroa 110 kV transmission capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: BPE_MTRTRAN-EHMT-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid). This project is part of the lower North Island transmission capacity investigation and we anticipate seeking approval from the Commerce Commission in 2013 To be advised To be advised

Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Issue The BunnythorpeMataroa single circuit is rated at 57/70 MVA (summer/winter). This circuit can overload for some generation dispatch patterns such as high HVDC north power flow, high wind generation in the lower North Island, low Arapuni generation, and an outage of a 220 kV BunnythorpeTokaanu, TokaanuWhakamaru or RangipoWairakei circuit. Solution This issue can be managed operationally by limiting the HVDC north power flow, and/or increasing Arapuni generation, and/or opening the ArapuniOngarue circuit, leaving Ongarue, National Park, Ohakune, and Mataroa on n security. Longer-term options to reduce the power flow along the BunnythorpeMataroa circuit include installing a: series reactor, or phase shifting transformer. 11.8.3 BunnythorpeWoodville 110 kV transmission capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: BPE_WDV-TRAN-EHMT-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid). This project is part of the lower North Island transmission capacity investigation, and we anticipate seeking approval from the Commerce Commission in 2013 Special protection scheme: 2013 Circuit reconductoring/convert circuits operating voltage: 2015-2020 Special protection scheme: A Circuit reconductoring/convert circuits operating voltage: to be advised

Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Issue The BunnythorpeWoodville circuits are rated at 57/70 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of one circuit causes the other circuit to overload during high south flow. The loading on these circuits depends on the HVDC transfer direction and level, Te Apiti generation levels and the load in Wellington, Dannevirke, and Waipawa. Solution This issue can be resolved operationally by: restricting HVDC south power flow, and/or restricting Te Apiti generation, or opening either the 110 kV MangamaireWoodville circuit or the Mangamaire Masterton circuit, leaving Mangamaire on n security.

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Longer-term options include: installing a special protection scheme to automatically open the Mangamaire Woodville circuit following an outage reconductoring the 110 kV BunnythorpeWoodville circuits with a higher-rated conductor, or converting the BunnythorpeWoodville circuits to 220 kV operation. 11.8.4 Bunnythorpe supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Bunnythorpes load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 166 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 100/100 MVA
88

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Bunnythorpe is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 7 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 39 MW in 2027 (see Table 11-7). Tararua wind generation (Stage 2) is connected to the Bunnythorpe 33 kV bus, and the forecast assumes minimum generation of 7 MW coincident with the peak load.
Table 11-7: Bunnythorpe supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Bunnythorpe 0.98 7 2013 10 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 12 2015 14 2016 2017 17 19 2019 24 5-15 years out 2021 28 2023 32 2025 36 2027 39

Solution Increasing the transformers cable limit will not solve the overload issue. Powerco can transfer load within the distribution system to Linton following a contingency. This operational measure is considered adequate for at least the next 5-10 years. We will also discuss with Powerco converting the Bunnythorpe 33 kV outdoor switchyard to an indoor switchboard. Future investment will be customer driven. 11.8.5 Linton supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers (rated at 60 MVA and 100 MVA) supply Lintons load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 160 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 77/81 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Linton is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 2 MW in 2015, increasing to approximately 19 MW in 2027 (see Table 11-8). Tararua wind generation (Stage 1) is connected to the Linton 33 kV bus, and the forecast assumes minimum generation of 7 MW coincident with the peak load.

88

The transformers capacity is limited by cable ratings; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 101/106 MVA (summer/winter).

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Table 11-8: Linton supply transformer overload forecast


Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Linton 0.99 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 2 2016 2017 4 5 2019 9 5-15 years out 2021 12 2023 14 2025 17 2027 19

Solution Linton normally has two 100 MVA transformers, but one failed and has been temporarily replaced with a 60 MVA transformer. The issue will be addressed by procuring a replacement transformer. We will also discuss with Powerco converting the Linton 33 kV outdoor switchyard to an indoor switchboard. Future investment will be customer driven. 11.8.6 Mangahao supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Mangahaos load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 37/39 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Mangahao is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 4 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 15 MW in 2027 (see Table 11-9). The Mangahao generation station is connected to the 33 kV bus, and the forecast assumes that Mangahao is not generating during peak load periods.
Table 11-9: Mangahao supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Mangahao 0.97 4 2013 5 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 6 2015 7 2016 2017 7 8 2019 10 5-15 years out 2021 12 2023 13 2025 14 2027 15

Solution If Mangahao generates at 13 MW or more, this issue could be delayed beyond the forecast period. The supply transformer overload is managed operationally as Mangahao generation is usually available during peak load periods. We will also convert the Mangahao 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. In addition, both Mangahao supply transformers will approach their expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years. We will discuss with Electra and Todd Energy the timing and options for these works. Future investment will be customer driven. 11.8.7 Marton supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: MTN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2023 A

Two 110/33 kV transformers (rated at 20 MVA and 30 MVA) supply Martons 33 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 50 MVA, and

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n-1 capacity of 20/20 MVA

89

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Marton is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2023, increasing to approximately 2 MW in 2027 (see Table 11-10).
Table 11-10: Marton supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Marton 0.98 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 0 5-15 years out 2021 0 2023 1 2025 1 2027 2

Solution Resolving the metering equipment limit will solve the transformers n-1 capacity issue within the forecast period. In addition, both Marton supply transformers will approach their expected end-of-life within the forecast period. We will discuss with Powerco the rating and timing for the replacement transformers. Future investment will be customer driven. 11.8.8 Mataroa supply transformer security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The load at Mataroa is supplied by a single 110/33 kV, 30 MVA supply transformer comprising three single-phase units, resulting in no n-1 security. Solution A spare on-site unit may be able to provide backup following a unit failure, with replacement taking 8-14 hours. However, this is an uncontracted spare, which may not be available when needed. Powerco considers the lack of n-1 security can be resolved operationally for the forecast period. The Mataroa supply transformer is approaching its expected end-of-life within the next five years. We will discuss with Powerco the future supply options at Mataroa. Future investment will be customer driven. 11.8.9 National Park transmission and supply transformer security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The load at National Park is supplied through a single 110 kV transmission circuit and a single 110/33 kV, 10 MVA supply transformer comprising three single-phase units, resulting in no n-1 security. Solution A spare on-site unit provides backup following a unit failure, with replacement taking 8-14 hours. Some load can also be backfed through The Lines Company distribution

89

The transformers capacity is limited by metering equipment, followed by LV bushing limit (24 MWA) and protection limit (25 MVA); with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 26/27 MVA (summer/winter).

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system. The Lines Company considers the lack of n-1 security can be resolved operationally for the forecast period. The National Park supply transformer is approaching its expected end-of-life within the next five years. We are discussing future supply options with The Lines Company to increase supply security. Future investment will be customer driven. 11.8.10 Ohakune supply transformer security and capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: TNG-SUBEST-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific 2013, subject to agreement with The Lines Company A

Issue The load at Ohakune is supplied by a single 110/11 kV, 10 MVA supply transformer comprising three single-phase units (currently with one on-site spare). This means Ohakune has no n-1 security, although the spare on-site unit provides backup following a unit failure (with replacement taking 8-14 hours). The peak load at Ohakune is forecast to exceed the transformers continuous capacity by approximately 2 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 5 MW in 2027 (see Table 11-11).
Table 11-11: Ohakune supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Ohakune 0.98 2 2013 2 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2 2015 2 2016 2017 3 3 2019 3 5-15 years out 2021 4 2023 4 2025 5 2027 5

Solution The local lines companies, Powerco and The Lines Company, have not requested a higher security level at Ohakune. We are discussing option with The Lines Company to transfer some of its load at Ohakune to Tangiwai grid exit point, via a new feeder at Tangiwai. In addition, the Ohakune supply transformer is approaching its expected end-of-life within the next five years. We will discuss the timing for the replacement transformer with the local lines companies. Future investment will be customer driven. 11.8.11 Ongarue supply transformer security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The load at Ongarue is supplied by a single 110/33 kV, 20 MVA supply transformer comprising three single-phase units, resulting in no n-1 security. Solution Most load can be backfed through The Lines Companys distribution system. The Lines Company considers the lack of n-1 security can be resolved operationally for the forecast period. We will also convert the Ongarue 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next 5-10 years. Also the Ongarue supply transformer will approach its expected end-of-life towards the end of the forecast period. We will discuss with The

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Lines Company the timing of the switchgear conversion work and transformer replacement options. Future investment will be customer driven. 11.8.12 Tokaanu supply transformer security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The load at Tokaanu is supplied by a single 220/33 kV, 20 MVA supply transformer, with a second transformer that can be manually switched into service when required. This means that Tokaanu does not have seamless n-1 security. Tripping the on-load transformer will result in a loss of supply until the other transformer is manually switched into service. Solution The Lines Company considers the lack of n-1 security can be resolved operationally for the forecast period. Future investment will be customer driven. 11.8.13 Waipawa supply transformer capacity and security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: WPW-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2015 A

Issue Waipawa has loads at 33 kV and 11 kV. Two 110/33 kV transformers (rated at 20 MVA and 30 MVA) supply Waipawas load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 50 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 26/26 MVA
90

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Waipawa is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2015, increasing to approximately 6 MW in 2027 (see Table 11-12).
Table 11-12: Waipawa supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Waipawa 0.96 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 1 2016 2017 1 2 2019 3 5-15 years out 2021 3 2023 4 2025 5 2027 6

A single 33/11 kV, 10 MVA transformer supplies Waipawas 11 kV load, resulting in no n-1 security. Solution Resolving the 110/33 kV transformers metering and protection limits will delay the transformers capacity issue for a few years. We will discuss with Centralines the future supply options for Waipawa. Centralines considers the lack of n-1 security for Waipawas 11 kV load can be resolved operationally within the forecast period. Future investment will be customer driven.
90

The transformers capacity is limited by a metering limit, followed by protection and transformer bushing (27 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 29/30 MVA (summer/winter).

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11.9

Other regional items of interest


There are no other items of interest identified to date beyond those set out in Section 11.8. See Section 11.10 for specific generation proposals relevant to this region.

11.10 Central North Island generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected at any substation depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. 91 See our website for more information about connecting generation. 11.10.1 Additional geothermal generation There are a number of planned and proposed geothermal generation developments in the region connecting into or near the Wairakei Ring. The Ngatamariki geothermal power station is under construction and will connect to the Nga Awa Purua switchyard. A new geothermal power station is being built at Te Mihi and will be connected to a new switchyard located at or near the tee point of the existing 220 kV WairakeiPoihipiWhakamaru circuit. We have committed to replacing the existing WairakeiPoihipiWhakamaru 1 circuit with a new overhead double-circuit line between Wairakei and Whakamaru. This will increase the power flow capacity through the Wairakei Ring (see Chapter 6, Section 6.4.3, for more information). 11.10.2 Tauhara geothermal station Tauhara will connect into a 220 kV circuit from Wairakei to the Hawkes Bay region. Maungaharuru wind generation station (formally known as Titiokura, and Hawkes Bay wind stations) in the Hawkes Bay region will also connect to the same circuit (see Chapter 13, Section 13.10.2), which has enough capacity for the two generation connections. There is potential for further geothermal generation development in the Tauhara area, as well as further wind and hydro generation development in the Hawkes Bay area. This additional potential generation will require Tauhara to be connected to both 220 kV circuits from Wairakei to the Hawkes Bay region, and a thermal upgrade of the circuits between Wairakei and Tauhara. 11.10.3 Additional wind generation connection to the 220 kV circuits between Bunnythorpe and Wellington There are several investigations and proposals for wind station connections to the 220 kV double-circuit line between Bunnythorpe, Linton, and Wellington, which could occur at Linton or at new connection points along the line. This is a high-capacity line and the effect of some additional generation on transmission capacity between Bunnythorpe and Wellington will be a small net percentage increase or decrease in transfer capacity, depending on the direction of power flow. A total of approximately 830 MW maximum generation injection into both the BunnythorpeTararua Wind CentralLinton and BunnythorpeLinton 220 kV circuits will not cause system issues.

91

http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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The wind generation resource under investigation is so large, however, that it is unlikely to be economical to connect it all to these 220 kV circuits because of transmission constraints. 11.10.4 Additional generation connected to the 110 kV buses There are several possible wind generation station sites close to the 110 kV transmission circuits that run from Mangamaire to Woodville, Dannevirke, and Waipawa. At times, the existing 90 MW Te Apiti wind station, which connects at Woodville, uses all the available transmission capacity, even with the use of generation runback schemes. Any new generation connected to the 110 kV transmission circuits may occasionally cause generation constraints. The capacity on the existing 110 kV MastertonMangamaireWoodville and BunnythorpeWoodville circuits enables the connection of approximately 79 MW of additional generation. Higher levels of generation may require new lines. 11.10.5 Puketoi ranges There are several prospective wind generation stations in the Puketoi ranges, with a combined capacity of many hundreds of megawatts. The closest network is the 110 kV transmission network (see Section 11.10.4), which is not nearby. If wind generation is developed in this area, then a single new transmission line may possibly connect all the wind stations to the National Grid at Bunnythorpe. Generation from the Puketoi ranges can also connect along the 220 kV double-circuit line from Bunnythorpe to Wellington. However, care is required to ensure that the total generation from the Puketoi ranges, plus other generation along the 220 kV BunnythorpeWellington line, does not become too high (see Section 11.10.3). It is also possible that some of the 110 kV lines may be rationalised as part of this work.

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12

Taranaki Regional Plan


12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 Regional overview Taranaki transmission system Taranaki demand Taranaki generation Taranaki significant maintenance work Future Taranaki projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Taranaki transmission capability Other regional items of interest Taranaki generation proposals and opportunities

12.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Taranaki regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 12-1: Taranaki region

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The Taranaki region includes a mix of medium sized and small grid exit points, and industrial loads. We have assessed the Taranaki regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

12.2

Taranaki transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Taranaki regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 12-1 and schematically in Figure 12-2.
Figure 12-2: Taranaki transmission schematic
Waikato
Huntly Te Kowhai

New Plymouth

33 kV 110 kV 55 kV

Carrington Street
220 kV 33 kV

Huirangi
33 kV 220 kV

Motunui
33 kV

Taumarunui

110 kV

110 kV 110 kV

33 kV

33 kV 110 kV

Stratford
220 kV Taranaki Combined 200 MW Cycle Peakers Patea

Opunake
110 kV

220 kV

110 kV

Whareroa 33 kV

110 kV

Kupe
33 kV

Brunswick
33 kV

Bunnythorpe

Kapuni
KEY
220kV CIRCUIT 110kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER TEE POINT LOAD CAPACITOR GENERATOR

Hawera

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND

110 kV 11 kV

Wanganui
33 kV 110 kV

Waverley

Marton/Bunnythorpe

SERIES REACTOR WITH A BYPASSED SWITCH

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND

12.2.1 Transmission through the region The Taranaki region connects to the National Grid through 220 kV circuits that run north to Huntly and south-east to Bunnythorpe. Under normal operation, generation exceeds demand in this region and power is exported to the rest of the National Grid. Between Stratford and Bunnythorpe there is a 110 kV line in parallel with the 220 kV line. Power transfer south of Stratford can be constrained by the parallel 110 kV circuits under certain operating conditions.

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We have committed to reconductoring the 110 kV circuits between Stratford and Wanganui with a higher-rated conductor to maximise the through flow on the 220 kV circuits. 12.2.2 Transmission within the region The 220 kV Taranaki transmission network forms part of the grid backbone. The parallel 110 kV transmission network within the region has both capacity and voltage issues under certain operating conditions. We currently have a number of projects proposed or underway to improve supply reliability and support demand growth in the Taranaki region. These projects include replacing old single phase transformers and resolving the overloading issues on the 110 kV transmission network. Due to corrosion, we have also committed to replacing the old 110 kV OpunakeStratford conductor with a modern equivalent. 12.2.3 Longer-term development path No significant new transmission is expected to be required in the Taranaki region. New generation connection may require nearby circuits to be thermally upgraded or reconductored for additional capacity to export the generation. High levels of new generation, such as two or more additional combined cycle gas turbines may require additional transmission circuits in and adjacent to the Taranaki region to transfer generation out of the region.

12.3

Taranaki demand
The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Taranaki region is forecast to grow on average by 1.0% annually over the next 15 years, from 222 MW in 2012 to 258 MW by 2027. This is lower than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 12-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 92 demand (after diversity ) for the Taranaki region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.

92

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual GXP peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the GXPs in the region.

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Figure 12-3: Taranaki region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Taranaki
Load (MW) 400

350

300

250

200

150

2011 APR Forecast 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak

100 1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

2027

Figure 12-1 lists forecast peak demand (prudent growth) at each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 12-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at Taranaki grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Brunswick Carrington Street1 Huirangi1 Hawera Hawera (Kupe) Motunui Moturoa Opunake Stratford 33 kV Stratford 220 kV Taumarunui Wanganui Waverley 1. 0.94 0.95 0.91 0.93 1.00 0.92 0.99 0.91 0.92 1.00 0.83 0.94 0.92 43 62 28 32 12 9 22 11 31 11 11 50 4 2013 44 63 29 33 12 9 23 11 32 11 11 51 4 Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2014 45 65 29 33 12 9 23 11 32 11 11 52 4 2015 46 66 30 34 12 9 24 12 32 12 11 53 4 2016 47 67 30 35 12 9 25 12 33 12 11 54 4 2017 48 69 31 35 12 9 25 12 33 12 11 55 4 2019 49 71 32 35 12 9 27 13 34 13 11 57 4 5-15 years out 2021 51 74 33 38 12 9 28 13 35 13 11 60 4 2023 53 76 34 39 12 9 29 14 36 14 11 61 5 2025 54 78 35 40 12 9 30 14 37 14 11 63 5 2027 55 80 36 41 12 9 32 14 38 14 11 64 5

Load shifting between Carrington Street and Huirangi affects both peak forecasts.

12.4

Taranaki generation
The Taranaki regions generation capacity is 733 MW, increasing to 833 MW after the commissioning of the Todd Energy 100 MW McKee Power Plant. The region imports

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and exports power to the National Grid depending on the level of dispatched thermal generation. Table 12-2 lists the generation forecast at each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations including those embedded within the relevant local 93 lines companys network (Powerco).
Table 12-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at Taranaki grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Carrington St (Mangorei) Hawera - Kiwi Dairy (Whareroa) Hawera Patea Hawera (Patearoa) Huirangi (Mangahewa) Huirangi (Motukawa) Kapuni Motunui Deviation (MPP) Stratford Stratford peaking plant Stratford (Stratford Austral Pacific) 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 0 385 200 1 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1 5-15 years out 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1 5 70 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

12.5

Taranaki significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 12-3 lists the 94 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the Taranaki region for the next 15 years that might significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.
Table 12-3: Proposed significant maintenance work
Description Brunswick supply transformer expected end-of-life Hawera 110 kV rebuild, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Hawera supply transformers expected end-of-life Huirangi supply transformers expected end-of-life Motunui 11 kV switchgear replacement Tentative year 2017-2019 Related system issues No n-1 security at Brunswick. Future investment will be customer driven. See Section 12.8.3 for more information. The work involves rationalising the 110 kV bus to ease maintenance outages and increasing the 110 kV bus rating. The new rating will match the new Stratford and Waverley circuits. The forecast load will exceed the supply transformers n-1 thermal capacity from 2014. See Section 12.8.7 for more information. The forecast load at Huirangi already exceeds transformer n-1 capacity. See Section 12.8.7 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period.

2012-2014

2027-2030

2019-2021

2019-2021

93

94

Only generators with a capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt. This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Description New Plymouth interconnecting transformer expected end-oflife OpunakeStratford A reconductoring Stratford interconnecting transformer expected end-oflife Stratford supply transformer expected end-of-life Wanganui supply transformers expected end-of-life

Tentative year 2020-2022

Related system issues There are system issues associated with an outage of the New Plymouth interconnecting transformer. See Section 12.8.1 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. The interconnecting transformer will exceed its n-1 capacity under certain operating conditions. See Section 12.8.1 for more information. The forecast load of Stratford already exceeds the transformer n-1 capacity. See Section 12.8.10 for more information. The forecast load of Wanganui already exceeds the transformer n-1 capacity. See Section 12.8.11 for more information.

2011-2014 2023-2025

2013-2015

2013-2015

12.6

Future Taranaki projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 12-4 lists projects to be carried out in the Taranaki region within the next 15 years. Figure 12-4 shows the possible configuration of Taranaki transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 12-4: Projects in the Taranaki region up to 2027
Site Brunswick BrunswickStratford Carrington Street Carrington Street Stratford Hawera Projects Replace supply transformer. Install a second supply transformer. Upgrade circuits capacity. Upgrade supply transformer branch limiting components. Increase circuits capacity by thermally upgrading the terminal spans near Carrington Street. 110 kV bus rebuild. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace supply transformers. Replace supply transformers with higher-rated units. Replace interconnecting transformer. Install a second interconnecting transformer. Reconductor OpunakeStratford A line. Reconductor HaweraWaverley line. Replace interconnecting transformer. Replace supply transformers with higher-rated units. Replace supply transformers with higher-rated units. Status Base Capex Possible Possible Base Capex Possible Possible Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible Committed Committed Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex

Huirangi New Plymouth OpunakeStratford HaweraWaverley Stratford Wanganui

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Figure 12-4: Possible Taranaki transmission configuration in 2027


33 kV

New Plymouth

Waikato Huntly Te Kowhai Huirangi


33 kV

110 kV

Carrington Street
220 kV

33 kV

Motunui
33 kV

55 kV

220 kV

Taumarunui
110 kV 110 kV 110 kV McKee Power Project

33 kV

33 kV 110 kV

Stratford
220 kV Taranaki Combined 200 MW Cycle Peakers

Opunake
110 kV

220 kV

110 kV 110 kV

Patea 33 kV

Whareroa

Kupe
33 kV

Brunswick
33 kV

Bunnythorpe

Kapuni
KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

Hawera
110 kV 11 kV

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND

Wanganui Waverley
33 kV 110 kV

MINOR UPGRADE

Marton/Bunnythorpe

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND

12.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 12-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 12-5: Changes since 2011
Issues Hawera supply transformer capacity Opunake supply transformer capacity Change New issue. New Issue.

12.8

Taranaki transmission capability


Table 12-6 summarises issues involving the Taranaki region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.
Table 12-6: Taranaki region transmission issues
Section number Regional 12.8.1 12.8.2 North Taranaki transmission capacity and low voltage issues StratfordHaweraWaverleyWanganui 110 kV transmission capacity Issue

Site by grid exit point 12.8.3 12.8.4 12.8.5 12.8.6 12.8.7 12.8.8 Brunswick supply security Carrington Street supply transformer capacity Hawera voltage quality Hawera (Kupe) supply security Hawera supply transformer capacity Huirangi supply transformer capacity

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Chapter 12: Taranaki Region

Section number 12.8.9 12.8.10 12.8.11 12.8.12

Issue Opunake supply transformer capacity Stratford supply transformer capacity Wanganui supply transformer capacity Waverley supply security

12.8.1 North Taranaki transmission capacity and low voltage issues


Project reference: Project status/purpose: TRNK-TRAN-EHMT-01 Stratford interconnecting transformer capacity: possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid) Replace Carrington StreetStratford circuits terminal span equipment: Base Capex, minor enhancement Upgrade Huirangi transformer: possible, customer-specific 2015-2021 New interconnecting transformer: B Reconfigure 220 kV to 110 kV transmission: to be advised Replace Carrington StreetStratford circuits terminal span equipment: A Upgrade Huirangi transformer: B

Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Issue The 220/110 kV, 100 MVA interconnecting transformer at Stratford operates in parallel with the 220/110 kV, 200 MVA interconnecting transformer at New Plymouth to supply Taranakis load. The Stratford transformer also assists with through transmission on the 110 kV transmission network between Bunnythorpe and Stratford. The Stratford and New Plymouth transformers provide: a total nominal installed capacity of 295 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 135/143 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of the New Plymouth interconnecting transformer may cause: the Stratford interconnecting transformer to exceed its n-1 capacity (the loading on this interconnecting transformer depends on the 110 kV Taranaki generation) the Carrington StreetStratford circuit to exceed its thermal capacity, and low voltage at the Huirangi 33 kV supply bus. Solution Possible solutions include: installing a second 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer at (or near) New Plymouth, and we anticipate land acquisition is required for the second transformer operating the 220 kV New PlymouthStratford circuits at 110 kV, decommissioning the New Plymouth 220/110kV interconnection and raising the Stratford interconnection capacity to 250 MVA constraining-on generation in the 110 kV network to reduce loading and retain voltage quality upgrading the thermal capacity of the Carington Street terminating spans of the Carrington StreetStratford circuits, and replacing the Huirangi supply transformers with transformers with on load tap changers. In addition, the interconnecting transformers at New Plymouth and Stratford have an expected end-of-life within the forecast period. We will investigate the rating and

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timing of the replacement transformers and possible alternate transmission configuration. 12.8.2 StratfordHaweraWaverleyWanganui 110 kV transmission capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: SFD_WGN-TRAN-EHMT-01 Committed, to provide net market benefit Q4 2012 D

Issue There are several issues with respect to the capacity of the 110 kV Stratford HaweraWaverleyWanganui circuits. Circuit capacities sometimes constrain high south power flow for an outage of a parallel 220 kV circuit between Stratford and Bunnythorpe. A series reactor and an automatic bus splitting scheme have been installed at Hawera. These raise, but do not eliminate, the constraint level. Circuit capacities may constrain generation, for high generation from Taranaki coupled with high or low generation at Whareroa and Patea. An outage of the 110 kV HaweraStratford circuit may overload the 110 kV WanganuiWaverley circuit during high net Hawera load (when Patea and Whareroa are not generating). This may require load shedding at Hawera to relieve the overloading. Solution During an outage of a 220 kV circuit between Stratford and Bunnythorpe, an automatic protection scheme will remove post-contingency overloads on the 110 kV HaweraWaverley circuit by splitting the Hawera 110 kV bus. Patea and the 33 kV load will be connected only to the HaweraStratford circuit. Whareroa and Kupe will be connected only to the 110 kV HaweraWaverley circuit. We have completed reconductoring the HaweraStratford and WanganuiWaverley 95 sections and committed to reconductoring the HaweraWaverley section by the end of 2012, after which the series reactor at Hawera will be decommissioned. 12.8.3 Brunswick supply security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: BRK-POW_TRF-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific 2017-2019 B

Issue A single 220/33 kV, 50 MVA in no n-1 security.


96

transformer bank supplies load at Brunswick resulting

There is a non-contracted on-site spare transformer, allowing possible replacement within 8-14 hours following a unit failure (if the spare unit is available). Some load may need to be curtailed during this transformer outage period, as there is only limited capacity within the Powerco network to transfer load.

95

96

The HaweraStratford and WanganuiWaverley circuits capacities are limited by station equipment at Hawera of 76/76 MVA (summer/winter) and Wanganui of 78/78 MVA (summer/winter), respectively. The transformers meter accuracy limit of 39 MVA prevents the full nominal installed capacity being available.

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Solution We are discussing future supply options with Powerco, one of which is to install a second supply transformer to provide n-1 security. The existing transformer will also approach its expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years. We will discuss with Powerco the appropriate rating and timing for the replacement transformers. Future investment will be customer driven. 12.8.4 Carrington Street supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Upgrade protection: CST-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Upgrade branch components: CST-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Upgrade protection: Base Capex, minor enhancement Upgrade branch components: possible, customer-specific 2013 Upgrade protection: A Upgrade branch components: A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Carrington Streets load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 150 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 64/64 MVA
97

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Carrington Street is forecast to exceed the n-1 winter capacity by 1 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 18 MW in 2027 (see Table 12-7).
Table 12-7: Carrington Street supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Carrington Street 0.95 1 2013 2 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 3 2015 4 2016 2017 6 7 2019 10 5-15 years out 2021 12 2023 15 2025 17 2027 18

Solution Upgrading the protection equipment, 33 kV bus section, circuit breakers, disconnectors, and current transformers to at least 109 MVA will resolve the issue for the forecast period and beyond. Future investment will be customer driven. 12.8.5 Hawera voltage quality
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HWA-REAC-SUP-DEV-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliaility Standard (not core grid) 2015-2020 A

Issue An outage of the 110 kV HaweraStratford circuit can result in low voltage and voltage drops greater than 5% when there is no local generation available at Hawera. When this occurs, Hawera is supplied from a 143 km spur line from Bunnythorpe. As the spur load grows, the voltage quality issues progressively arise at Waverley, and Wanganui.

97

The transformers capacity is limited by a relay, followed by LV bus section and disconnector (69 MVA) limits, and circuit breaker (71 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 104/109 MVA (summer/winter).

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Patea (32 MW) and Whareroa (50 MW) inject into the Hawera 110 kV bus, but have difficulty providing voltage support. Solution We are presently investigating options for resolving the low voltage issues at Hawera, which include: obtaining greater reactive support from the generators installing under-voltage load shedding capability, and installing reactive support at Hawera. 12.8.6 Hawera (Kupe) supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 110/33 kV, 30 MVA supply transformer supplies the Origin Energy Resources Kupe load, resulting in no n-1 security. The load can be transferred to the other supply transformers at Hawera by closing the 33 kV bus coupler for maintenance outages, and after a transformer trips. Solution The load is fixed industrial, supplied by a dedicated transformer that meets the customers requirements. 12.8.7 Hawera supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Haweras load, providing: a total installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 35/35
98

MVA (summer/winter).

The peak load at Hawera is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by 1 MW in 2016, increasing to approximately 9 MW in 2027 (see Table 12-8).
Table 12-8: Hawera supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Hawera 0.93 0 2013 1 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2 2015 2 2016 2017 3 4 2019 5 5-15 years out 2021 6 2023 7 2025 9 2027 9

Solution The interim solution is to close the 33 kV bus coupler and supply the Powerco load from the single Kupe supply transformer. A possible longer-term option is to replace the existing transformers with two 50 MVA units.

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The transformers capacity is limited by 33 kV bus section limit; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 37/39 MVA (summer/winter).

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Both Hawera supply transformers have an expected end-of-life at the end of the forecast period. We will discuss with Powerco the appropriate rating and timing for the replacement transformers. Future investment will be customer driven. 12.8.8 Huirangi supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HUI-POW_TFR-REPL-01 Base Capex, replacement 2019 B

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Huirangis load, providing: a total installed capacity of 40 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 22/24 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Huirangi is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by 6 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 13 MW in 2027 (see Table 12-9).
Table 12-9: Huirangi supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Huirangi 0.91 6 2013 6 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 7 2015 7 2016 2017 8 8 2019 9 5-15 years out 2021 10 2023 11 2025 12 2027 13

Solution The interim solution is for Powerco to control the Bell Block load shift from Carrington Street to Huirangi. The longer-term option is to replace the existing transformers with two 50 MVA units and reconfigure the distribution system. Both Huirangi supply transformers have an expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years. We are in discussions with Powerco to obtain the appropriate rating and timing for the replacement transformers. Future investment will be customer driven. 12.8.9 Opunake supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: OPK_POW-TFR-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2019 A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Opunakes load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 14/14 MVA
99

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Opunake is forecast to exceed the winter n-1 capacity by 1 MW in 2019, increasing to approximately 3 MW in 2027 (see Table 12-10).

99

The transformers capacity is limited by metering limit; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 38/40 MVA (summer/winter).

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Table 12-10: Opunake supply transformer overload forecast


Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Opunake 0.91 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 1 5-15 years out 2021 1 2023 2 2025 2 2027 3

Solution Resolving the metering and protection limits will provide sufficient n-1 capacity for the forecast period and beyond. 12.8.10 Stratford supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: SFD_POW-TFR-REPL-01 Base Capex, replacement 2013-2015 B

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Stratfords load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 40 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 23/24 MVA
100

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Stratford already exceeds the transformers n-1 summer capacity and the overload is forecast to increase to approximately 17 MW by 2027 (see Table 12-11).
Table 12-11: Stratford supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Stratford 0.92 11 2013 11 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 11 2015 12 2016 2017 12 13 2019 14 5-15 years out 2021 15 2023 16 2025 17 2027 17

Solution The existing supply transformers are approaching their expected end-of-life within the next five years. We are discussing with Powerco the appropriate rating and timing for the replacement transformers. A longer-term solution involves replacing the existing transformers with two 40 MVA units. 12.8.11 Wanganui supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: WGN_POW-TFR-REPL-01 Base Capex, replacement 2013-2015 B

Issue There are two 110/33 kV transformers (20 MVA and 30 MVA) at Wanganui, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 50 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 24/24 MVA
101

(summer/winter).

100

The transformers winter capacity is limited by the cable rating; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 25 MVA.

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There is a single 50 MVA 220/33kV transformer at Brunswick. Both the Wanganui and Brunswick grid exit points supply Wanganui Township, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 89 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 59 MVA
102

(summer/winter).

The aggregate peak load at Wanganui and Brunswick already exceeds the transformers n-1 winter capacity and the overload is forecast to increase to approximately 27 MW in 2027 (see Table 12-12).
Table 12-12: Wanganui town supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Wanganui 0.94 10 2013 11 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 12 2015 14 2016 2017 15 16 2019 19 5-15 years out 2021 21 2023 23 2025 26 2027 27

Solution We are discussing future supply options with Powerco. Options include: replacing the two Wanganui transformers with two 80 MVA units adding 110 kV feeders from Wanganui, or installing a second transformer at Brunswick. All supply transformers at Wanganui are approaching their expected end-of-life within the next five years. We will discuss with Powerco the rating and timing of replacement transformers. Future investment will be customer driven. 12.8.12 Waverley supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 110/11 kV, 10 MVA transformer supplies load at Waverley resulting in no n-1 security. Solution There is an on-site spare transformer, allowing replacement within 8-14 hours following a unit failure. Powerco considers the issue can be resolved operationally for the forecast period. Any future investment will be customer driven.

12.9

Other regional items of interest


There are no other items of interest identified to date beyond those set out in Section 12.8. See Section 12.10 for information about generation proposals relevant to this region.

12.10 Taranaki generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities.The maximum generation that can be connected at any substation
101

102

The transformers capacity is limited by the transformer bushing; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 27/28 MVA (summer/winter). Brunswick supply transformer is taken out of service. The Wanganui supply transformers n-1 capacity is limited by branch limiting components. With these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 64/68 MVA (summer/winter).

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depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection 103 issues. See our website for more information about connecting generation. 12.10.1 Maximum regional generation For generation connections at the Stratford 220 kV bus, the maximum generation that can be injected under n-1 is approximately 800-1,200 MW. This includes the existing and newly commissioned 200 MW generators. Generation injection into the Stratford 220 kV bus depends on the direction of HVDC power flows and system constraints around the Wairakei ring. Generation stability issues will also need to be addressed (see Chapter 6, Section 6.4.4). 12.10.2 Waverley wind station There is a potential for wind generation near Waverley. Connection options include the nearby 110 kV HaweraWanganui circuit, or the three nearby 220 kV Brunswick Stratford circuits. We have committed to upgrading the 110 kV StratfordWanganui circuits (see Section 12.8.2). After the upgrade, approximately 100-150 MW of generation can be connected. The three 220 kV BrunswickStratford circuits are part of the grid backbone connecting Taranaki to the rest of the National Grid. The loading on these three circuits is approximately equal, which maximises their transfer capacity. In order to maintain the existing transfer capacity, a large wind station will need to be connected to all three circuits, or the capacity of one or more of the circuits will need to be increased. 12.10.3 Additional generation at other locations There are no issues with connecting new generation at the New Plymouth 220 kV bus (other than stability issues). The maximum generation injection into the New Plymouth 110 kV bus at n-1 security is approximately 450 MW under light load conditions. Any generation injecting into this bus will play a significant role in regulating the 110 kV bus voltages in the northern part of the Taranaki region. Exploration for more gas inshore and offshore continues in the Taranaki region and has a potential for further gas generation development. Depending on the size of new generation, connection to the 220 kV and few 110 kV lines in the northern Taranaki area might be possible without a major line capacity upgrade. Due to environmental corrosion, we have committed to reconductoring the Opunake Stratford circuit with a new AAAC conductor. The existing rating has been maintained which has sufficient capacity for approximately 50 MW of new generation on a secure double circuit.

103

http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

13 Hawkes Bay Regional Plan


13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 Regional overview Hawkes Bay transmission system Hawkes Bay demand Hawkes Bay generation Hawkes Bay significant maintenance work Future Hawkes Bay projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Hawkes Bay transmission capability Other regional items of interest Hawkes Bay generation proposals and opportunities

13.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Hawkes Bay regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 13-1: Hawkes Bay region

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

The Hawkes Bay region load includes a mix of significant provincial cities (Napier, Hastings and Gisborne), heavy industry (the Panpac Mill), and smaller rural service centres (Wairoa and Havelock North). We have assessed the Hawkes Bay regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

13.2

Hawkes Bay transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Hawkes Bay regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 13-1 and schematically in Figure 13-2.
Figure 13-2: Hawkes Bay transmission schematic
Tokomaru Bay

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND


Wairakei 11 kV 110 kV

Tuai Gisborne
50 kV 110 kV

11 kV 110 kV

Wairoa

11 kV

Whirinaki

220 kV

KEY
220kV CIRCUIT

Redclyffe
33 kV 110 kV 33 kV 220 kV

110kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER TEE POINT

Whakatu Fernhill
33 kV 110 kV 220 kV

LOAD CAPACITOR BONDED CIRCUIT GENERATOR

Waipawa

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND

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13.2.1 Transmission into the region Transmission into the region is via two 220 kV circuits from Wairakei that supply the Whirinaki and Whakatu loads directly, and via two 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers at Redclyffe. Two 110 kV circuits also connect Fernhill to Waipawa in the south and are normally open at Waipawa. 13.2.2 Transmission within the region 220/110 kV interconnection The majority of the regions load is supplied via the 220/110 kV transformers at Redclyffe. The transformer capacity may need to be increased as load grows, and/or new generation is connected to the 110 kV transmission network. 110 kV circuits Transmission within the Hawkes Bay region is predominantly at 110 kV. The two circuits supplying Gisborne may require a rating increase within the forecast period. For new generation or load connections beyond that forecast in this APR, some of the 110 kV lines may require capacity upgrade. 13.2.3 Longer-term development path The two 220 kV circuits from Wairakei are expected to be adequate for the next 30-40 years of regional load growth. Additional reactive support will be required over this period, and the region will be on n security whenever one circuit is out of service for maintenance. The two 220 kV circuits may need to be thermally upgraded to export power from the region during low load periods if there is a large increase in new generation. A new 220 kV line from the Bunnythorpe area to the Hawkes Bay region may be considered if an increase in security is required. We expect the development of new generation in the Hawkes Bay region to drive the need for system upgrades.

13.3

Hawkes Bay demand


The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Hawkes Bay region is forecast to grow on average by 1.0% annually over the next 15 years, from 320 MW in 2012 to 369 MW by 2027. This is lower than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 13-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 104 demand (after diversity ) for the Hawkes Bay region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.

104

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

Figure 13-3: Hawkes Bay region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Hawkes Bay
Load (MW) 400 380 360 340 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 1997 2011 APR Forecast 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 13-1 lists forecast peak demand (prudent growth) at each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 13-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at Hawkes Bay grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Fernhill Gisborne Redclyffe Tuai Wairoa Whirinaki Whakatu 0.95 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.90 1.00 0.96 60 49 70 1 10 82 95 2013 61 50 76 1 10 82 96 Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2014 62 51 77 1 10 82 98 2015 63 53 78 1 11 82 99 2016 64 54 79 1 11 82 101 2017 5 55 80 1 11 82 102 2019 67 58 83 1 11 82 105 5-15 years out 2021 68 61 85 1 12 82 108 2023 70 63 87 1 12 82 111 2025 72 65 89 1 13 82 114 2027 73 67 90 1 13 82 116

13.4

Hawkes Bay generation


The Hawkes Bay regions generation capacity is 325 MW, of which up to 170 MW is normally available.
105

Generation from Tuai, Kaitawa, and Piripaua hydro generation stations are collectively referred to as the Waikaremoana Hydro Scheme, and connect to the Tuai 110 kV bus. Embedded within the Wairoa distribution system are two 2.5 MW Waihi generators. During periods of low load, Wairoa can export up to 1 MW into the 110 kV transmission network.

105

The Whirinaki generation station is for emergency dispatch during dry year conditions or as otherwise determined by the Electricity Authority. Therefore, this generator is not counted as part of the regions normal generation.

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Table 13-2 lists the generation forecast at each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations including those embedded within the relevant local 106 lines companys network (Unison or Eastland Networks).
Table 13-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at Hawkes Bay grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) Gisborne1 Gisborne (Matawai) Kaitawa Piripaua Redclyffe (Ravensdown) Tuai Wairoa (Waihi) Whirinaki Whirinaki (Pan Pac) 1. Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 2013 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 2014 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 2015 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 2016 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 2017 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 2019 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 5-15 years out 2021 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 2023 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 2025 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 2027 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13

Mobile diesel units are situated in the Gisborne and Tokomaru Bay areas.

13.5

Hawkes Bay significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 13-3 lists the 107 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the Hawkes Bay region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.
Table 13-3: Proposed significant maintenance work
Description Fernhill supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Tuai supply transformer expected end-of-life Wairoa supply transformers expected end-of-life Whakatu 33 kV outdoor to Indoor conversion Whirinaki 11 kV Bus B and C switchboard replacement Tentative year 2018-2020 2012-2014 2012-2014 Related system issues The forecast load at Fernhill already exceeds the transformer n-1 winter capacity. See Section 13.8.5 for more information. No n-1 security at Tuai. Future investment will be customer driven. See Section 13.8.9 for more information. The forecast load at Wairoa may exceed transformer n-1 summer capacity for low load power factor. See 13.8.10 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. No system issues are identified within the forecast period.

2015-2017

2014-2016 2023-2024

13.6

Future Hawkes Bay projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 13-4 lists the projects to be carried out in the Hawkes Bay region within the next 15 years.

106

107

Only generators with a capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt. This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Figure 13-4 shows the possible configuration of Hawkes Bay transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 13-4: Projects in the Hawkes Bay region up to 2027
Site Fernhill GisborneTuai Gisborne Redclyffe Tuai Wairoa Whakatu Whirinaki Projects Replace supply transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Upgrade GisborneTuai conductor capacity. Recalibrate supply transformers metering parameters. New 110 kV capacitor bank. Replace supply transformers with two 120 MVA units. Replace supply transformer. Replace supply transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace 11 kV Bus B and C switchboards. Status Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex Possible Committed Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex

Figure 13-4: Possible Hawkes Bay transmission configuration in 2027


Tokomaru Bay

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND


Wairakei 11 kV 110 kV

Tuai Gisborne

*
110 kV 11 kV 110 kV

50 kV

Wairoa
11 kV

Whirinaki

220 kV

Redclyffe
33 kV 110 kV 33 kV KEY 220 kV

Whakatu
220 kV

NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

Fernhill
33 kV 110 kV Waipawa

MINOR UPGRADE

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND

13.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 13-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.

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Table 13-5: Changes since 2011


Issues Gisborne supply capacity Redclyffe 110 kV transmission security Whakatu supply transformer capacity Change New issue. Removed. Project to install Redclyffe 110 kV bus coupler and protection upgrade completed. New Issue.

13.8

Hawkes Bay transmission capability


Table 13-6 summarises the issues involving the Hawkes Bay region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.
Table 13-6: Hawkes Bay region transmission issues
Section number Regional 13.8.1 13.8.2 13.8.3 13.8.4 Hawkes Bay voltage quality FernhillRedclyffe 110 kV transmission capacity RedclyffeTuai 110 kV transmission capacity Redclyffe interconnecting transformer capacity Issue

Site by grid exit point 13.8.5 13.8.6 13.8.7 13.8.8 13.8.9 13.8.10 13.8.11 Fernhill supply transformer capacity Gisborne 110 kV voltage quality Gisborne supply capacity Redclyffe supply transformer capacity Tuai supply security Wairoa supply transformer capacity Whakatu supply transformer capacity

13.8.1 Hawkes Bay voltage quality


Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The Hawkes Bay transmission network is primarily supplied from the 220 kV Redclyffe bus, which is in turn supplied from the grid backbone by two 220 kV circuits from Wairakei. The 138 MW Waikaremoana hydro scheme connects to the 110 kV network, which also supplies the regions load. The loss of a 220 kV circuit at high load and minimal Waikaremoana generation can result in low voltages at the: 110 kV bus at Gisborne, and the issue progressively arises at other high voltage buses as load increases, and supply buses at Fernhill and Redclyffe, which do not have on-load tap changers Solution The low voltage risk is managed operationally by constraining-on generators at Waikaremoana so that the generators reactive support is available. As the Hawkes Bay load increases, a 220 kV circuit outage will require more Waikaremoana generators to be in service for reactive support.

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region


108

We are in discussions with Unison about the supply transformer replacement at Fernhill and Redclyffe. Replacing these transformers with on-load tap changing transformers will resolve low voltages on the Fernhill and Redclyffe supply buses. We consider the issue can be resolved operationally within the forecast period. 13.8.2 FernhillRedclyffe 110 kV transmission capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue There are two 110 kV FernhillRedclyffe circuits, each rated at 51/62 MVA (summer/winter). During periods of high load and low Tuai generation, power flows from Redclyffe to Tuai via the 110 kV: RedclyffeTuai circuits, and FernhillRedclyffe circuits and FernhillTuai circuit (as per the blue load arrows in Figure 13-5). In these situations, an outage of one FernhillRedclyffe circuit can overload the other circuit.
Figure 13-5: Power flow from Redclyffe to Tuai during high load and low Tuai generation
Tuai
110 kV

Gisborne
110 kV

Wairoa
110 kV

Redclyffe
220 kV 110 kV

Fernhill

110 kV

Solution Options to relieve a remaining FernhillRedclyffe circuit from overloading include: constraining-on the Waikaremoana hydro generation with a minimum value that controls the FernhillRedclyffe circuit power flows. Minimum generation for the 2012 winter peak is approximately 19 MW, increasing to approximately 52 MW in 2027. unbonding the 110 kV FernhillTuai circuits. This increases the impedance of the RedclyffeFernhillTuai path and reduces the power flow through the Fernhill Redclyffe circuits. This option does not eliminate the requirement to constrain-on Waikaremoana generation but does reduce the level of minimum generation.

108

The supply transformers at Fernhill and Redclyffe have an expected end-of-life within the next 10 years and are scheduled for replacement within the next 5-10 years.

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

The initial application of the Investment Test indicates that the project to unbond the FernhillTuai circuit is not economically beneficial within the forecast period. The estimated generation and demand growth in the region shows that this option is more likely to have an economic benefit beyond the forecast period. 13.8.3 RedclyffeTuai 110 kV transmission capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue There are two 110kV RedclyffeTuai circuits, each rated at 57/70 MVA (summer/winter). During periods of low load and high Tuai generation, power flows from Tuai to Redclyffe (as per the blue load arrows in Figure 13-6) via the 110 kV: RedclyffeTuai circuits, and FernhillTuai circuit. In these situations, an outage of the FernhillTuai circuit can overload both RedclyffeTuai circuits.
Figure 13-6: Power flow from Tuai to Redclyffe during low load and high Tuai generation

Tuai
110 kV

Gisborne
110 kV

Wairoa
110 kV

Redclyffe
220 kV 110 kV

Fernhill

110 kV

Solution The 110 kV RedclyffeTuai circuit constraints are managed operationally by limiting the maximum Waikaremoana hydro scheme generation. We consider the issue can be resolved operationally for the forecast period. 13.8.4 Redclyffe interconnecting transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers at Redclyffe supply the majority of the Hawkes Bay load (except the load at Whirinaki and Whakatu, which is supplied from the 220 kV transmission system). The transformers provide:

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

a nominal installed capacity of 160 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 114/120 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of either interconnecting transformer will overload the remaining transformer during periods of: high load and minimal Waikaremoana generation, or low load and high Waikaremoana generation. The peak 110 kV load is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 34 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 67 MW in 2027 (see Table 13-7). The forecast assumes minimal Waikaremoana generation of 12 MW.
Table 13-7: Redclyffe 220/110 kV transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point 2012 Redclyffe 34 2013 37 2014 38 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2015 42 2016 2017 45 47 2019 52 5-15 years out 2021 57 2023 61 2025 64 2027 67

Solution The overload is presently managed operationally by transferring load (within Unisons network) from the 110 kV transmission network to the 220 kV transmission network, and by constraining-on generation at Waikaremoana. As the Hawkes Bay load continues to grow, more Waikaremoana generation will need to be constrained-on more frequently during an outage of an interconnecting transformer at Redclyffe. The application of the Investment Test shows that installing a third 220/110 kV transformer or replacing the existing transformers with higher-rated units is uneconomic at present. The transformer loading can be managed operationally. 13.8.5 Fernhill supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: FHL-POW_TFR-REPL-01 Base Capex, replacement 2018-2020 A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers (rated at 30 MVA and 50 MVA) supply Fernhills load, providing: a nominal installed capacity of 80 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 35/35 MVA
109

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Fernhill already exceeds the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 29 MW, and the overload is forecast to increase to approximately 42 MW in 2027 (see Table 13-8).
Table 13-8: Fernhill supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Fernhill 0.95 29 2013 29 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 30 2015 31 2016 32 2017 33 2019 35 5-15 years out 2021 37 2023 39 2025 40 2027 42

109

The transformers capacity is limited by the rating of the 33 kV overhead bus and LV bushings limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 42/45 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

Solution The short-term operational solution is load transfer within the Unison network following a transformer outage. We have discussed with Unison the possible longer-term solutions, which include replacing the 30 MVA transformer with an 80 MVA transformer. Both the existing single-phase supply transformers at Fernhill will approach their expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years. In addition, we also plan to convert the Fernhill 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. We will discuss with Unison the future supply options as well as the coordination of the transformer capacity upgrade with the transformer replacement work. 13.8.6 Gisborne 110 kV voltage quality
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The Gisborne 110 kV bus voltage can fall below 99 kV when either one of the GisborneTuai 1 or 2 circuits is out of service, especially during high load, low generation periods. Solution The short-term operational solutions are: for planned outages, dispatch the Waikaremoana hydro station to raise the local 110 kV bus voltage to 116 kV (this is not a preferred long-term solution as it limits the maximum active power generation), or raise the 110 kV voltage at Redclyffe. A possible longer-term option includes installing additional 10 to 20 Mvar capacitors at Gisborne. 13.8.7 Gisborne supply capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Line capacity: GIS_TUI-TRAN-EHMT-01 Transformer capacity: GIS-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Line capacity: possible, customer-specific Transformer capacity: Base Capex, minor enhancement Line capacity: 2015 Transformer capacity: 2023 Line capacity: to be advised Transformer capacity: A

Issue The Gisborne load is supplied by: two 110 kV circuits, each rated at 48/59 MVA (summer/winter) from Tuai, and two 110/50 kV transformers, providing: a nominal installed capacity of 120 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 63/63 MVA110 (summer/winter). The peak load at Gisborne is forecast to exceed the:

110

The transformers capacity is limited by the metering equipment; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 73/77 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

circuits n-1 capacity from 2015, and transformers n-1 winter capacity by 2 MW in 2023, increasing to approximately 6 MW in 2027 (see Table 13-9).
Table 13-9: Gisborne supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Gisborne 0.98 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 0 5-15 years out 2021 0 2023 2 2025 4 2027 6

Solution A short-term solution is to manage the load at Gisborne to within the circuits or supply transformers n-1 capacity. A possible longer-term solution includes: thermally upgrade, or reconductor part or all of both GisborneTuai circuits, and recalibrating the supply transformers metering parameters, which will resolve the overloading issue for the forecast period and beyond. 13.8.8 Redclyffe supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: RDF-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Committed, customer-specific Q3 2013 B

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers (rated at 40 MVA and 50 MVA) supply Redclyffes load, providing: a nominal installed capacity of 90 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 43/43 MVA
111

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Redclyffe already exceeds the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 27 MW, and the overload is forecast to increase to approximately 47 MW in 2027 (see Table 13-10).
Table 13-10: Redclyffe supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Redclyffe Power factor 2012 0.97 27 2013 33 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 34 2015 35 2016 36 2017 37 2019 40 5-15 years out 2021 42 2023 44 2025 46 2027 47

Solution We have entered into an agreement with Unison to replace the existing transformers with two 120 MVA transformers that will provide a secure supply within the forecast period and beyond. 13.8.9 Tuai supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

111

The transformers capacity is limited by LV circuit breaker and disconnector limits, followed by protection and LV bushing limits of 48 MVA; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 49/53 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

Issue A single 110/11 kV, 2.2 MVA transformer supplies load at Tuai, resulting in no n-1 security. This transformer is also approaching its expected end-of-life within the next five years. Solution The lack of n-1 security can be managed operationally. However, we will discuss with Eastland Network Limited the options for increasing security and coordinating outages to minimise supply interruptions when replacing this transformer. 13.8.10 Wairoa supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 110/11 kV transformers supply Wairoas load, providing: a nominal installed capacity of 20 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 11/12 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of one transformer will cause the remaining transformer to exceed its n-1 summer capacity by 1 MW in 2015, increasing to 3 MW in 2027 (see Table 13-11).
Table 13-11: Wairoa supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Wairoa 0.90 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 1 2016 1 2017 1 2019 1 5-15 years out 2021 2 2023 2 2025 2 2027 3

Solution Eastland Network Limited can manage the issue operationally. Both Wairoa supply transformers are approaching their expected end-of-life within the next five years. We will discuss with Eastland Network the appropriate timing and capacity for the replacement transformers. Future investment will be customer driven. 13.8.11 Whakatu supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Whakatus load, providing: a nominal installed capacity of 200 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 116/121 MVA (summer/winter).
An outage of one transformer will cause the remaining transformer to exceed its n-1 winter capacity by 3 MW in 2021, increasing to 11 MW in 2027 (see

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

Table 13-12).

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

Table 13-12: Whakatu supply transformer overload forecast


Grid exit point Whakatu Power factor 2012 0.96 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 0 2017 0 2019 0 5-15 years out 2021 3 2023 6 2025 9 2027 11

Solution Unison can shift load between the Whakatu and Fernhill grid exit points. In addition, we are planning to convert the Whakatu 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. Any future investment will be customer driven.

13.9

Other regional items of interest


There are no other items of interest identified to date beyond those set out in Section 13.8. See Section 13.10 for information about generation proposals relevant to this region.

13.10 Hawkes Bay generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected at any substation depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. 112 See our website for more information about connecting generation. 13.10.1 Maximum regional generation All generation in excess of the load is exported from the Hawkes Bay region over the 220 kV double-circuit line from Redclyffe to Wairakei. Each circuit is rated at 478/583 MVA (summer/winter, subject to replacing some substation equipment), and there is scope for thermally upgrading the circuits to approximately 690/760 MVA (summer/winter). Additional reactive power sources such as capacitors may be required as these circuits are relatively long (137 kilometres), and they absorb reactive power when highly loaded. Generation connected to grid exit points on the 110 kV network in the Hawkes Bay region is exported via the Redclyffe interconnecting transformers. Each interconnecting transformer has a 24-hour post-contingency rating of 114/120 MVA (summer/winter). Estimates for maximum generation assume a North Island light load profile, and assume existing generation is high (Waikaremoana is generating 139 MW). For generation connected at the Redclyffe 220 kV bus, the maximum generation that can be injected under n-1 is approximately 500 MW, or approximately 550 MW if the 220 kV circuit protection constraints are removed. The constraint is due to an overload of the 220 kV RedclyffeWairakei circuit when the 220 kV Whirinaki Wairakei circuit is out of service. For generation connected at the Redclyffe 110 kV bus, the maximum generation that can be injected under n-1 is approximately 30 MW. The constraint is due to an
112

http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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Chapter 13: Hawkes Bay Region

overload of the Redclyffe interconnecting transformer when the other interconnecting transformer is out of service. 13.10.2 Titiokura and Hawkes Bay wind stations, and Tauhara geothermal station Maungaharuru wind generation station (formerly known as Titiokura, and Hawkes Bay wind farms) is approximately 27 km from Whirinaki, with a capacity of up to approximately 330 MW. A 220 kV double-circuit line traverses the site, and is the main supply to the Hawkes Bay area from Wairakei. The proposed Tauhara geothermal power station in the Central North Island region also connects to one of the 220 kV circuits to Wairakei. There are no issues with connecting the wind and geothermal generation into the same 220 kV circuits to Wairakei (see Chapter 11, Section 11.10.2). 13.10.3 Additional generation connected to the 110 kV network There are a number of potential wind and hydro generation prospects that may connect into one or more of the 110 kV circuits in the region. The impact new generation has on circuit loading depends on the connections location and configuration. For some connection locations and configurations, altering the hydro generation at Tuai removes the circuit overloads, although this may adversely impact the energy market. To increase transmission capacity, the circuits will need to be reconductored and/or the FernhillTuai circuit unbonded. The Redclyffe 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer capacity may also need to be increased to avoid overloading when there is high generation and low load, as power flows from the 110 kV transmission network into the 220 kV transmission network.

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

14

Wellington Regional Plan


14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 Regional overview Wellington transmission system Wellington demand Wellington generation Wellington significant maintenance work Future Wellington projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Wellington transmission capability Other regional items of interest Wellington generation proposals and opportunities

14.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Wellington regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 14-1: Wellington region

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

The Wellington region is the major load centre (comprising both residential and central business district loads) of the southern North Island. Other than the main cities making up the greater Wellington region, the area also covers the rural service centres, particularly in the Wairarapa. We have assessed the Wellington regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

14.2

Wellington transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Wellington regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 14-1 and schematically in Figure 14-2.
Figure 14-2: Wellington transmission schematic
CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND
Mangahao Bunnythorpe

Paraparaumu
110 kV

33 kV

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND


Mangamaire 110 kV 33 kV

Pauatahanui
33 kV

110 kV

Masterton
110 kV 33 kV

110 kV

Greytown Upper Hutt


33 kV

110 kV

HVDC

Takapu Road

33 kV

220 kV
SC

SC SC SC

Haywards
110 kV

SC SC SC SC

11 kV 33 kV KEY
220kV CIRCUIT

110 kV

Kaiwharawhara

Melling
11 kV 33 kV

110kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER TEE POINT

Wilton
220 kV 33 kV 110 kV

11 kV

Gracefield
11 kV

33 kV

LOAD CAPACITOR

Central Park
SC

UNDERGROUND CABLE 3 WDG TRANSFORMER SYNCH CONDENSOR REACTOR

33 kV

HVDC

HVDC LINK

West Wind

14.2.1 Transmission into the region The Wellington region is connected to the rest of the National Grid through 220 kV circuits from Bunnythorpe and the HVDC inter-island link. It is a main corridor for through transmission between the North and South Islands. The loading of the

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

circuits in the main corridor depends largely on HVDC power flow from the South Island, and generation from the Central North Island. The North Island terminal of the HVDC link is at Haywards. The HVDC link can transfer up to 666 MW to the South Island (this value highly depends on the load and generation in the Wellington region), and receive up to 700 MW from the South Island (with a 200 MW emergency capacity with pole 1B). We are carrying out a project to replace Pole 1 of the inter-island HVDC link with a new pole in 2012. The new pole (Pole 3), together with the existing Pole 2, will increase the capacity of the overall HVDC link to 1,000 MW from 2012, and 1,200 MW from 2014. Once Pole 3 is built, Pole 1 will be fully decommissioned and removed. The Wellington regions generation capacity is much lower than the local load, requiring power to be imported into the region. 14.2.2 Transmission within the region The region has some of the higher load densities in the North Island, coupled with relatively low levels of local generation. Transmission within the Wellington region comprises: 220 kV circuits entering the region from Bunnythorpe 110 kV circuits entering the region from Mangamaire HVDC link supporting the 220 kV transmission network at Haywards, and interconnecting transformers located at Haywards and Wilton. The 2012 Wellington regional plan considers the transmission network from December 2012 onwards, when the HVDC link will comprise Pole 2 and Pole 3. The reactive support in the region is mainly provided from the Haywards substation, and some contribution from the West Wind generation station. 14.2.3 Longer-term development path It is expected that no new major transmission lines will be required into the Wellington region. However, reconductoring of some existing lines for increased capacity may be required, depending on future generation developments within or outside the region. Within the region, it is possible that additional circuit(s) and/or a new substation may be required for increased security to Wellington city, if this is shown to be economically justified. In addition, there will be incremental upgrades within existing substations to increase security of supply within the region, particularly to Wellington city.

14.3

Wellington demand
The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Wellington region is forecast to grow on average by 1.4% annually over the next 15 years, from 756 MW in 2012 to 934 MW by 2027. This is lower than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 14-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 113 demand (after diversity ) for the Wellington region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is

113

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.
Figure 14-3: Wellington region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Wellington
Load (MW) 1000

900

800

700

600

500

400 2011 APR Forecast 300 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 200 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 14-1 lists the peak demand forecast (prudent growth) at each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 14-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) for Wellington grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.93 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 27 175 60 16 23 20 43 51 30 50 23 68 103 37 65 33 174 61 17 24 20 44 52 31 51 24 69 105 37 66 Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 33 177 62 17 24 21 45 53 31 52 24 70 107 38 68 34 181 64 17 24 21 46 54 32 53 25 71 110 38 69 34 184 65 18 25 22 47 55 33 54 25 71 112 39 70 35 188 66 18 25 22 48 56 33 55 26 72 114 40 72 36 196 69 19 26 23 50 59 35 57 26 74 119 41 75 5-15 years out 37 203 71 20 27 24 52 61 36 60 27 76 123 42 77 38 209 74 20 28 25 53 63 37 61 28 77 128 43 80 39 216 76 21 29 25 55 64 38 63 29 79 132 44 82 40 220 77 21 30 26 56 66 39 64 30 81 137 45 84 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 Central Park 11 kV Central Park 33 kV Gracefield Greytown
1

Haywards 11 kV Haywards 33 kV Kaiwharawhara Masterton1 Melling 11 kV Melling 33 kV Pauatahanui Paraparaumu Takapu Road Upper Hutt Wilton 1.

Customer expects strong growth in demand at the Greytown and Masterton grid exit points.

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

14.4

Wellington generation
The Wellington regions generation capacity is 165 MW, which is much lower than the local load. Most of the generation capacity is from wind stations, the largest being West Wind at 143 MW. Table 14-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations, including those embedded within the relevant local lines companys network (Wellington Electricity Lines Limited, Powerco, and 114 Electra). No new generation is known to be committed in the Wellington region for the forecast period.
Table 14-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) for Wellington grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) Central Park (Southern Landfill) Central Park (Wellington Hospital) Greytown (Hau Nui) Masterton (Kourarau A and B) Haywards (Silverstream) West Wind HVDC Haywards 220 kV1 HVDC North Transfer 1. Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 1 8 9 1 3 143 1000 2013 1 8 9 1 3 143 1000 2014 1 8 9 1 3 143 1200 2015 1 8 9 1 3 143 1200 2016 1 8 9 1 3 143 1200 2017 1 8 9 1 3 143 1200 2019 1 8 9 1 3 143 1200 5-15 years out 2021 1 8 9 1 3 143 1200 2023 1 8 9 1 3 143 1200 2025 1 8 9 1 3 143 1200 2027 1 8 9 1 3 143 1200

The fourth cable may be installed after 2017 as an additional stage in the HVDC development, increasing the HVDC link capacity to 1,400 MW.

14.5

Wellington significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 14-3 lists the 115 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the Wellington region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.
Table 14-3: Proposed significant maintenance work
Description Central Park 110/33 kV supply transformers expected end-oflife Central ParkWilton 2 and 3 circuits reconductoring Gracefield 33 kV switchgear replacement Tentative year Related system issues 2012-2014 The option to replace or to extend the existing transformers operational lives is under investigation. See Section 14.8.2 for more information. Maintenance work. See Section 14.9.1 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period.

2018-2019 2018-2019

114

115

Only generators with capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt. This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

Description Greytown 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Haywards supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion MangahaoParaparaumu circuits reconductoring Masterton supply transformers expected end-of-life Melling 110/33 kV supply transformers expected end-oflife Pauatahanui supply transformer T1 expected end-of-life Takapu Road outdoor to indoor conversion Upper Hutt supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Wilton 110 kV bus rationalisation, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion

Tentative year Related system issues 2019-2021 Resolving the metering and protection limits will solve the transformers n-1 capacity issue for the forecast period. See Section 14.8.3 for more information. The forecast loads connected at 33 kV and 11 kV buses will exceed the transformers capacity from 2012. See Section 14.8.4 for more information. Permanent system split at Paraparaumu. See Section14.8.8 for more information. A project is underway to replace the transformers with two higher-rated units. See Section 14.8.6 for more information. The forecast load will exceed the transformers n-1 capacity from 2022 (assuming the metering limit is resolved). See Section 14.8.7 for more information. The forecast load will exceed the transformers' n-1 capacity from 2012. See Section 14.8.9 for more information. Resolving the protection and metering limits will solve the transformers n-1 capacity until 2014. See Section 14.8.10 for more information. Resolving the protection and metering limits will solve the transformers n-1 capacity for the forecast period. See Section 14.8.11 for more information. See Section 14.8.12 for more information.

2013-2015 2015-2017 2017-2018 2011-2013

2020-2023

2019-2020

2012-2014

2027-2028 2013-2015 2012-2014 2013-2015

14.6

Future Wellington projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 14-4 lists projects to be carried out in the Wellington region within the next 15 years. Figure 14-4 shows the possible configuration of Wellington transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 14-4: Projects in the Wellington region up to 2027
Site Central Park Central Park Wilton Gracefield Greytown Haywards Mangahao Paraparaumu Masterton Melling Projects Replace 110/33 kV supply transformers. Reconductor Central ParkWilton 2 and 3 circuits. Replace 33 kV switchgear. Increase metering and protection limits on the supply transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. HVDC Pole 3. Replace all Haywards supply transformers with two 110/33/11 kV units. Reconductor MangahaoParaparaumu circuits. Replace existing supply transformer with two higher-rated units. Increase metering and protection limits on the 110/33 kV and 110/11 kV supply transformers, respectively. Replace 110/33 kV supply transformer. Install capacitors on the Paraparaumu 33 kV bus, an additional supply transformer(s) at Paraparaumu, or a new grid exit point. Replace supply transformer T1. Status Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Committed Base Capex Base Capex Committed Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex

Paraparaumu Pauatahanui

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

Site Takapu Road

Projects Resolve protection and metering limits on the supply transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace existing supply transformers with higher-rated units. Resolve protection and metering limits on the supply transformers Replace supply transformer. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. 110 kV bus rationalisation. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Resolve protection limits on the supply transformers Install a new 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer.

Status Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible

Upper Hutt

Wilton

Figure 14-4: Possible Wellington transmission configuration in 2027


CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND
Mangahao Otaki 33 kV 33 kV Bunnythorpe
(1)

Paraparaumu

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND


110 kV Mangamaire 110 kV 33 kV

Masterton Pauatahanui
33 kV 110 kV 110 kV

*
110 kV

33 kV

Greytown Upper Hutt

*
110 kV
HVDC
STC STC

33 kV

Takapu Road

33 kV

220 kV

SC

SC

SC SC

HVDC

110 kV

KEY
NEW ASSETS

Haywards
SC SC SC SC

11 kV

UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

Melling Kaiwharawhara
33 kV

110 kV

*
11 kV

33 kV

MINOR UPGRADE

Wilton
220 kV

11 kV
(2)

* 33 kV

Gracefield
110 kV 11 kV 33 kV

110 kV

Central Park

(1) The transmission backbone section identifies two possible development paths for the lower North Island: - upgrade existing lines, and - new transmission line Although this diagram shows upgrading of the existing lines, it is not intended to indicate a preference as both options are still being investigated. (2) Although this diagram shows the new Wellington interconnecting transformer at Wilton, it is not intended to indicate a preference as various options are still being investigated.

33 kV

West Wind

14.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 14-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 14-5: Changes since 2011
Issue Greytown supply transformer capacity HaywardsMelling transmission capacity Change New issue. New issue.

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

14.8

Wellington transmission capability


Table 14-6 summarises issues involving the Wellington region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.
Table 14-6: Wellington region transmission issues
Section number Regional 14.8.1 Wellington regional transmission security Issue

Site by grid exit point 14.8.2 14.8.3 14.8.4 14.8.5 14.8.6 14.8.7 14.8.8 14.8.9 14.8.10 14.8.11 14.8.12 Central Park supply transformer capacity Greytown supply transformer capacity Haywards supply transformer capacity and security Kaiwharawhara supply capacity and security Masterton supply transformer capacity Melling supply capacity Paraparaumu transmission security and supply transformer capacity Pauatahanui supply transformer capacity Takapu Road supply transformer capacity Upper Hutt supply transformer capacity Wilton supply transformer capacity

14.8.1 Wellington regional transmission security


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: WIL-POW_TFR-DEV-03 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid) 2015-2020 B

Issue The Wellington 110 kV transmission network is predominantly supplied by 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers, with three transformers at Haywards and one transformer at Wilton. The three Haywards transformers have: a nominal installed capacity of 600 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 465/486 MVA (summer/winter). The Wilton transformer has: a nominal installed capacity of 250 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 293/306 MVA (summer/winter) The loading of these interconnecting transformers depends on the Wellington regional load, wind generation, and the HVDC transfer level and direction (north or south power flow). The worst contingency affecting the Wellington 110 kV supply capacity is the outage of the Wilton interconnecting transformer. In this case, the Haywards interconnecting transformers will exceed their n-1 winter capacity from approximately 2015 (depending on Wellington load, HVDC transfer magnitude, and direction).

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

Solution We are investigating options for a new 250 MVA transformer in the Wellington transmission network. 14.8.2 Central Park supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: CPK-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Base Capex, replacement 2012-2014 C

Issue Three 110/33 kV transformers (one rated at 120 MVA, and two rated at 100 MVA) supply Central Parks 33 kV and 11 kV loads, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 320 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 217/223 MVA
116

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Central Park for the combined 33 kV and 11 kV load is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 2 MW in 2015, increasing to approximately 45 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-7) Two 33/11 kV transformers supply Central Parks 11 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 50 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 29/29 MVA
117

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Central Park 11 kV is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 3 MW in 2013, increasing to approximately 10 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-7).
Table 14-7: Central Park supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Central Park 110/33 kV Central Park 33/11 kV 0.98 0.98 0 0 2013 0 3 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 4 2015 2 4 2016 2017 6 5 11 5 2019 19 6 5-15 years out 2021 27 7 2023 34 8 2025 41 9 2027 45 10

Solution Possible solutions include the following. For the 110/33 kV supply transformer capacity issue: resolving the LV cable limit (will solve the issue until 2016) replacing the transformers with higher capacity units (see later), and limiting the load to within the capacity of the transformers. For the 33/11 kV supply transformer capacity issue: operationally managing the transformer overload (resolving the transformers protection limit will not solve the transformer overload issue),

116

117

The transformers capacity is limited by the LV cable; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 217/228 MVA (summer/winter). The transformers capacity is limited by the LV protection equipment; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 29/30 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

The two 100 MVA supply transformers at Central Park are approaching their expected end-of-life within the next five years. Options include extending the transformers lives or replacing them with 120 MVA units. While 120 MVA units will increase the supply capacity, on their own they will not resolve the capacity issue in the long term. We will discuss future supply options with Wellington Electricity. Future investment will be customer driven. 14.8.3 Greytown supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: GYT-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2016 A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Greytowns load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 40 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 20/20 MVA
118

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Greytown is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2016, increasing to approximately 4 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-8).
Table 14-8: Greytown supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Greytown 0.93 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 1 1 2019 2 5-15 years out 2021 2 2023 3 2025 4 2027 4

Solution Recalibrating the metering will solve the overload issue until 2021, and resolving the protection limit will solve the transformers n-1 capacity issue within the forecast period. In addition, we also plan to convert the Greytown 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next 5-10 years. 14.8.4 Haywards supply transformer capacity and security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HAY-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Base Capex, replacement 2014 C

Issue The Haywards grid exit point supplies load at 33 kV and 11 kV. One 110/33 kV, 20 MVA transformer supplies the load at the 33 kV bus resulting in no n-1 security. This load can be back fed through the Wellington Electricity network.

118

The transformers capacity is limited by metering equipment, followed by protection equipment (23 MVA), and tap changer (24 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 26/27 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

The Haywards 33 kV peak load is forecast to exceed the transformers capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 7 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-9). One 110/11 kV, 20 MVA transformer supplies the load at the 11 kV bus resulting in no n-1 security. Wellington Electricity can backfeed some load through their network, and the Haywards local service transformer. The Haywards 11 kV peak load is forecast to exceed the transformers capacity by approximately 3 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 10 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-9).
Table 14-9: Haywards supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Haywards 33 kV Haywards 11 kV 0.98 0.99 1 3 1 4 2 4 2 5 2 5 3 6 4 7 5-15 years out 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 5 8 5 9 6 9 7 10

Solution We are discussing future supply options with Wellington Electricity. The short-term solution is to manage the load operationally. A possible long-term option is to replace the supply transformers with two new 110/33/11 kV, 60 MVA transformers, providing n-1 security to both the 11 kV and 33 kV buses. Both supply transformers at Haywards are approaching their expected end-of-life within the next five years. We will discuss the appropriate rating and timing of the replacement transformers with Wellington Electricity. 14.8.5 Kaiwharawhara supply capacity and security
Project status/purpose: This is for information only

Issue The Kaiwharawhara load is supplied by


119

:
120

two 110 kV circuits, each rated at 56/66 MVA

(summer/winter) from Wilton, and

two 110/11 kV supply transformers, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 70 MVA, and 121 n-1 capacity of 38/38 MVA (summer/winter). Kaiwharawhara peak load occurs during the summer period. The Kaiwharawhara substation is configured with no 110 kV bus (each transformer is connected to one 110 kV circuit only in a transformer-feeder arrangement) and is operated with a split 11 kV bus. Tripping either one of the transformer feeders will result in a loss of supply to half the load. If this load is transferred to the remaining transformer feeder, the total Kaiwharawhara peak load is forecast to exceed the: transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 10 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 22 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-10), and

119

120

121

The permanent arrangement for Kaiwharawhara is described. There is a temporary, higher capacity transformer at Kaiwharawhara, which does not affect the total load that can be supplied from Kaiwharawhara. The KaiwharawharaWilton circuits are limited by the cable rating; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 56/68 MVA (summer/winter). The transformers capacity is limited by the 11 kV circuit breaker owned by the local distribution company; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 42/44 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

circuits n-1 summer capacity from 2017.


Table 14-10: Kaiwharawhara supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Kaiwharawhara 0.97 10 11 12 12 13 14 16 5-15 years out 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 18 20 21 22

Solution Wellington Electricity considers the issue can be managed operationally by transferring excess load to other grid exit points through the distribution network. Future investment will be customer driven. 14.8.6 Masterton supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: MST-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Committed, customer-specific Q3 2012 B

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Mastertons load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 36/36 MVA
122

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Masterton is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 17 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 32 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-11).
Table 14-11: Masterton supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Masterton 0.97 17 2013 18 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 19 2015 20 2016 2017 22 23 2019 25 5-15 years out 2021 27 2023 29 2025 31 2027 32

Solution We have entered into an agreement with Powerco to replace the existing transformers with two 60 MVA units. These will provide n-1 security at Masterton for the forecast period and beyond. If a transformer failure occurs before commissioning of the new units, Powerco can transfer some load as an interim operational measure. 14.8.7 Melling supply capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Circuit capacity upgrade: HAY_MLG-TRAN-EHMT-01 Resolve protection and metering limits: MLG-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Circuit capacity upgrade: possible, customer-specific Resolve protection and metering limits: Base Capex, minor enhancement Circuit capacity upgrade: 2023 Resolve protection and metering limits: 2012 Circuit capacity upgrade: to be advised Resolve protection and metering limits: A

122

The transformers capacity is limited by transformer bushings; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 37/40 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

Issue The Melling load is supplied by: two 110 kV circuits, each rated at 95/101 MVA (summer/winter) from Haywards. two 110/33 kV transformers supplying Mellings 33 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 100 MVA, and 123 n-1 capacity of 52/52 MVA (summer/winter). two 110/11 kV transformers supplying Mellings 11 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 50 MVA, and 124 n-1 capacity of 30/30 MVA (summer/winter). In terms of Mellings peak load: the combined 33 kV and 11 kV load is forecast to exceed the circuits n-1 winter capacity from 2023 the 33 kV load is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by 2 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 16 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-12), and the 11 kV load is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by 2 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 11 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-12).
Table 14-12: HaywardMelling circuit and Melling supply transformer overload forecast
Circuits/Grid exit point Power factor 2012 HaywardMelling Melling 33 kV Melling 11 kV N/A 0.99 0.98 0 2 2 2013 0 3 3 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 4 3 2015 0 5 4 2016 2017 0 6 5 0 7 5 2019 0 9 7 5-15 years out 2021 0 11 8 2023 1 13 9 2025 4 15 10 2027 6 16 11

Solution Possible solutions include the following. For the 110 kV circuit capacity, use the short-term rating for the circuit, thermally upgrade the circuits, or reconductor the line. For the 110/33 kV supply transformer capacity, resolving the metering limit will solve the transformers n-1 winter capacity issue until 2022. For the 110/11 kV supply transformer capacity, resolving the protection limit will solve the transformers n-1 winter capacity until 2014. We will discuss future supply options with Wellington Electricity. In the short term, one possible option is to operationally manage the issue by limiting the load at Melling to the supply transformers and circuits capacity. A possible longer-term solution is to develop the distribution network to limit the load within the capacity of the circuits and transformers. In addition, both Melling 110/33 kV supply transformers have an expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years. We will discuss the appropriate rating and timing for the replacement transformers with Wellington Electricity. Future investment will be customer driven.

123

124

The transformers capacity is limited by metering equipment; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 64/67 MVA (summer/winter). The transformers capacity is limited by HV protection equipment; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 32/34 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

14.8.8 Paraparaumu transmission security and supply transformer capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: PRM-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid) and customerspecific New capacitors: 2013 A third supply transformer or new grid exit point: 2015 New capacitors: A A third supply transformer: B A new grid exit point: C

Issue The Paraparaumu load is supplied by: two 110 kV circuits, each rated at 95/105 MVA (summer/winter), from Takapu Road via Pauatahanui to Paraparaumu two 110 kV circuits, each rated at 49/60 MVA (summer/winter), from Mangahao to Paraparaumu, and two 110/33 kV supply transformers, providing: a nominal installed capacity of 120 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 70/74 MVA (summer/winter). A system split is permanently in place north of Paraparaumu. This prevents the 110 kV circuits becoming a parallel path to the 220 kV BunnythorpeHaywards circuits and consequently constraining those circuits. Paraparaumu substation is also configured with a split 110 kV bus. The issues at Paraparaumu involve the following: Paraparaumus forecast peak load will exceed the supply transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 4 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 17 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-13). An outage of one ParaparaumuPauatahanuiTakapu Road circuit will cause the remaining circuit to: exceed the n-1 capacity of the ParaparaumuPauatahanui circuit section from 2012, and exceed the n-1 capacity of the PauatahanuiTakapu Road circuit section from 2015.
Table 14-13: Paraparaumu supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Paraparaumu 0.98 4 2013 5 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 5 2015 6 2016 2017 7 8 2019 10 5-15 years out 2021 11 2023 13 2025 15 2027 17

Solution The Paraparaumu peak load occurs for only a short period each day during winter evenings. Possible interim solutions include: post-contingency load reduction, or operating the supply transformers at their short-term thermal ratings over the short peak period, and/or installing capacitors at the Paraparaumu 33 kV bus. Possible long-term solutions include: an additional supply transformer (or transformers) at Paraparaumu, supplied from the MangahaoParaparaumu circuits, so the Paraparaumu load is divided into two grid exit points, or

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

a new grid exit point near Paraparaumu (Otaki) supplied from the Mangahao Paraparaumu circuits. Some of the load at Paraparaumu can be transferred to the new grid exit point. An additional supply transformer (or transformers) and/or a new grid exit point will allow some load to be supplied from the south via Pauatahanui from Takapu Road, while the rest is supplied from the north via Mangahao from Bunnythorpe. Following some contingencies during periods of high load, it will be necessary to transfer load from the north to the south infeed to prevent some circuit overloading. Property issues are not anticipated for the new capacitors and/or additional supply transformers at Paraparaumu because the existing substation has sufficient room to accommodate the new equipment. However, designated land will be required for the new grid exit point near Paraparaumu. We are discussing future supply options with Electra. Future investment will be customer driven. 14.8.9 Pauatahanui supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This is for information only

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Pauatahanuis load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 40 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 22/24 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Pauatahanui is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 8 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-14).
Table 14-14: Pauatahanui supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Pauatahanui 0.98 1 2013 1 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2 2015 2 2016 2017 3 3 2019 4 5-15 years out 2021 5 2023 6 2025 7 2027 8

Solution One supply transformer at Pauatahanui will approach its expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years. We will discuss future supply options with Wellington Electricity. Future investment will be customer driven. 14.8.10 Takapu Road supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Increase protection and metering limits: TKR- POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Upgrade transformers capacity: TKR-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Increase protection and metering limits: Base Capex, minor enhancement Upgrade transformers capacity: possible, customer-specific Increase protection and metering limits: Q4 2012 Upgrade transformers capacity: to be advised Increase protection and metering limits: A Upgrade transformers capacity: B

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Takapu Roads load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 180 MVA, and

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

n-1 capacity of 90/90 MVA

125

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Takapu Road is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 17 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 51 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-15)
Table 14-15: Takapu Road supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Takapu Road 0.99 17 2013 19 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 22 2015 24 2016 2017 26 28 2019 33 5-15 years out 2021 38 2023 42 2025 47 2027 51

Solution Resolving the protection and metering equipment limits will solve the overload issue until 2014. We will discuss future options with Wellington Electricity. In the short term, we will manage the load operationally. Possible longer-term options include: replacing the existing supply transformers with two 120 MVA units and limit the load growth to the transformers n-1 capacity installing a third supply transformer, and transferring load to another grid exit point. Future investment will be customer driven. In addition, we also plan to convert the Takapu Road 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. 14.8.11 Upper Hutt supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: UHT- POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2013 A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Upper Hutts load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 80 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 38/38 MVA
126

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Upper Hutt is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 9 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-16).
Table 14-16: Upper Hutt supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Upper Hutt 0.99 1 2013 1 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2 2015 2 2016 2017 3 3 2019 5 5-15 years out 2021 6 2023 7 2025 8 2027 9

125

126

The transformers capacity is limited by protection, followed by metering equipment (110 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 111/116 MVA (summer/winter). The transformers capacity is limited by protection equipment, followed by the metering (41MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 51/54 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

Solution Resolving the protection equipment limit and recalibrating the metering parameters will provide sufficient n-1 capacity for the forecast period. In addition, the Upper Hutt 33 kV outdoor switchgear will be converted to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. Also, both the supply transformers have an expected end-of-life at the end of the forecast period. We will discuss the rating and timing for these replacement transformers with Wellington Electricity. Future investment will be customer driven. 14.8.12 Wilton supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: WIL- POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2023 A

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Wiltons load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 200 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 82/82 MVA
127

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Wilton is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2023, increasing to approximately 5 MW in 2027 (see Table 14-17).
Table 14-17: Wilton supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Wilton 0.99 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 0 5-15 years out 2021 0 2023 1 2025 3 2027 5

Solution Resolving the protection equipment limit will provide sufficient n-1 capacity for the forecast period. In addition, the Wilton 33 kV outdoor switchgear will be converted to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. We will also investigate the options to rationalise the Wilton 110 kV bus for better maintenance safety and increased Wilton supply security.

14.9
14.9.1

Other regional items of interest


Central Park supply security during maintenance There are three 110 kV Central ParkWilton circuits that supply the Central Park load. There is no 110 kV bus at Central Park, so an outage of one circuit will cause the loss of one transformer connected in series with the circuit. Wellington Electricity has indicated concern over a lack of supply security at Central Park. When a circuit is taken out of service for maintenance, a loss of another circuit during high load periods will cause the third supply transformer to overload and trip, resulting in a total loss of supply.

127

The transformers capacity is limited by protection, followed by cable (112 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 116/121 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 14: Wellington Region

This issue is being addressed in the short term by installing a 110/33 kV special protection scheme at Central Park to automatically shed load. This issue can be addressed in the long term by installing a 110 kV bus at Central Park.

14.10 Wellington generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected at any substation depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. 128 See our website for more information about connecting generation. See also Chapter 11, Section 11.10.3 for more information about connecting wind generation in the Bunnythorpe/Wellington region. 14.10.1 Generation connection options - general Most of the transmission network in the region is used to supply load rather than connect generation. In general, there are no issues with connecting up to several hundred megawatts of generation to these circuits. Higher generation levels reverse the power flow direction, and approach the circuits ratings. As a result, depending on where generation is located, some comparatively minor upgrades may be required, such as increasing the 220/110 kV interconnection capacity. However, the capacity of the core grid between regions may constrain the generation. 14.10.2 Puketiro wind station This proposed wind generation station can connect to the 220 kV circuits between Bunnythorpe and Haywards/Wilton. There are no regional transmission capacity issues with connecting this generation, although the capacity of the grid backbone may sometimes limit generation. 14.10.3 Long Gully wind station A wind generation station at Long Gully embedded within the 33 kV distribution system at Central Park will not cause any connection issues. 14.10.4 Generation connection to the 110 kV network in the Wairarapa area There is a 110 kV double-circuit line from Haywards to Upper Hutt, Greytown, and Masterton, and a single-circuit line from Masterton to Mangamaire and Woodville (in the Central North Island region). The amount of generation that can be installed depends on its location along the 110 kV line, and any line upgrades. Approximately 230 MW of generation can connect at Masterton under normal operating conditions. Other generation locations and upgrade options may result in maximum generation levels ranging from approximately 0 (zero)-230 MW.

128

http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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Chapter 15: Nelson-Marlborough Region

15

Nelson-Marlborough Regional Plan


15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.10 Regional overview Nelson-Marlborough transmission system Nelson-Marlborough demand Nelson-Marlborough generation Nelson-Marlborough significant maintenance work Future Nelson-Marlborough projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Nelson-Marlborough transmission capability Other regional items of interest Nelson-Marlborough generation proposals and opportunities

15.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Nelson-Marlborough regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 15-1: Nelson-Marlborough region

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Chapter 15: Nelson-Marlborough Region

The Nelson-Marlborough region includes a mix of significant and growing provincial cities (Nelson, and Blenheim) together with smaller rural service centres. We have assessed the Nelson-Marlborough regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

15.2

Nelson-Marlborough transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Nelson-Marlborough regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 15-1 and schematically in Figure 15-2.
Figure 15-2: Nelson-Marlborough transmission schematic
33 kV

Motupipi

66 kV 66 kV

Upper Takaka
66 kV

Motueka
11 kV

Cobb
66 kV 66 kV KEY
220kV CIRCUIT 110kV CIRCUIT 66kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER LOAD CAPACITOR 3 WDG TRANSFORMER REACTOR GENERATOR

110 kV 220 kV

Stoke

33 kV 110 kV

Blenheim

33 kV

110 kV

Kikiwa

WEST COAST
Kikiwa

Argyle

15.2.1 Transmission into the region The Nelson-Marlborough region is connected to the rest of the National Grid via 220 kV circuits from the Waitaki Valley with significant load off-take in the South Canterbury and Canterbury regions. Therefore, supply to the Nelson-Marlborough region is affected by transmission capacity from the Waitaki Valley. The region is predominantly supplied by three 220 kV circuits between the Islington and Kikiwa substations, with some generation from the hydro power stations connected at Cobb (which is strategic to the Golden Bay spur) and Argyle. 15.2.2 Transmission within the region The transmission within the region comprises: 220 kV circuits from Kikiwa to Stoke parallel 110 kV circuits forming a triangle between Kikiwa, Stoke, and Blenheim

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Chapter 15: Nelson-Marlborough Region

220/110 kV and 110/66 kV interconnecting transformers at Stoke, and a 66 kV transmission spur supplying the Golden Bay area. The reactive power support in this region is provided from the 60 Mvar capacitors at Stoke and 20.4 Mvar capacitors at Blenheim. 15.2.3 Longer-term development path The two existing 220 kV KikiwaStoke circuits have enough capacity to provide n-1 security within the region for the next 20-30 years. As the Nelson-Marlborough region relies on generation several hundred kilometres away, there will be an on-going need for investment in reactive support (such as the STATCOM at Kikiwa and additional capacitors) to support the voltage. The 110 kV BlenheimArgyleKikiwa line may need upgrading if there is more than one significant new generator connected along the line, at Blenheim or embedded behind the Blenheim grid exit point. Increased 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer capacity will be required beyond the forecast period at Kikiwa and/or Stoke. The capacity of the 110 kV KikiwaStoke circuit may also need to be increased as this circuit is an important connection between the 220/110 kV transformers at Kikiwa and Stoke. In the longer term, it may be economic to convert the section of 66 kV line from Stoke to Motueka to 110 kV. This conversion does not need to be investigated until approximately 2020, with possible implementation in approximately 2025.

15.3

Nelson-Marlborough demand
The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Nelson-Marlborough region is forecast to grow on average by 1.4% annually over the next 15 years, from 243 MW in 2012 to 298 MW by 2027. This is lower than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 15-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 129 demand (after diversity ) for the Nelson-Marlborough region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.

129

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 15: Nelson-Marlborough Region

Figure 15-3: Nelson-Marlborough region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Nelson-Marlborough
Load (MW) 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 1997 2011 APR Forecast 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 15-1 lists the peak demand forecast (prudent growth) for each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 15-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at Nelson-Marlborough grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Blenheim Motueka Motupipi Stoke 1.
1

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2013 82 21 8 147 2014 84 21 9 149 2015 86 21 9 152 2016 88 22 9 155 2017 90 22 9 158 2019 94 22 10 164 80 20 8 144 5-15 years out 2021 98 23 10 169 2023 102 24 10 175 2025 106 24 10 181 2027 110 25 11 186

0.98 0.98 0.95 1.00

Additional 4 MW load allowed at Stoke from 2012 for any migration of load from Canterbury due to the earthquakes.

15.4

Nelson-Marlborough generation
The Nelson-Marlborough regions generation capacity is 56 MW, which is lower than local demand, requiring power to be imported through the National Grid. Table 15-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known generation stations, including those embedded within the relevant local lines companys network 130 (Network Tasman or Marlborough Lines). No new generation is known to be committed in the Nelson-Marlborough region for the forecast period.

130

Only generators with capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt.

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Chapter 15: Nelson-Marlborough Region

Table 15-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at Nelson-Marlborough grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) Argyle - Branch River Scheme Cobb Blenheim (Lulworth Wind) Blenheim (Marlborough Lines Diesel) Blenheim (Waihopai) Motupipi (Onekaka) Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 11 32 1 2013 11 32 1 2014 11 32 1 2015 11 32 1 2016 11 32 1 2017 11 32 1 2019 11 32 1 5-15 years out 2021 11 32 1 2023 11 32 1 2025 11 32 1 2027 11 32 1

9 3 1

9 3 1

9 3 1

9 3 1

9 3 1

9 3 1

9 3 1

9 3 1

9 3 1

9 3 1

9 3 1

15.5

Nelson-Marlborough significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 15-3 lists the 131 significant maintenance related work proposed for the Nelson-Marlborough region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.
Table 15-3: Proposed significant maintenance work
Description Blenheim supply transformers expected end-of-life Blenheim 33 kV capacitor banks replacement Stoke 11 kV capacitor bank replacement Stoke 110/66 kV interconnecting transformer expected end-of-life Stoke supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Tentative year Related system issues 2018-2020 2015-2017 The option to replace or extend transformer life is under investigation. See Chapter 6 for information about the Upper South Island voltage issue. The rating of replacement capacitors is yet to be determined. See Chapter 6 for information about the Upper South Island voltage issue. The rating of replacement capacitors is yet to be determined. Upgrading the transformers capacity is one of the possible options to resolve the transformer overloading issue. See Section 15.8.2 for more information The supply transformer replacement work is currently underway. See Section 15.8.7 for more information.

2014-2016

2019-2021

2012-2014

15.6

Future Nelson-Marlborough projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 15-4 lists projects to be carried out in the Nelson-Marlborough region within the next 15 years. Figure 15-4 shows the possible configuration of Nelson-Marlborough transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.

131

This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Table 15-4: Projects in the Nelson-Marlborough region up to 2027


Site Blenheim Brightwater Motueka Motueka-Stoke Motupipi Riwaka Stoke Projects Replace supply transformers. Replace 33 kV capacitor banks. New grid exit point. Upgrade supply transformer branch limiting components. New capacitors. Upgrade conductor capacities. New capacitor. New grid exit point. New 110/66 kV interconnecting transformer. Replace 110/66 kV interconnecting transformer. Replace 220/33 kV supply transformers with two higher-rated units. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace 11 kV capacitor banks. Status Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex Possible Possible Possible Preferred Preferred Base Capex Committed Base Capex Base Capex

Figure 15-4: Possible Nelson-Marlborough transmission configuration in 2027


33 kV

Motupipi

Riwaka
66 kV 33 kV

66 kV 66 kV

Motueka

Upper Takaka

66 kV

11 kV

Cobb

66 kV 110 kV 220 kV

66 kV KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

Stoke

33 kV 110 kV

Brightwater
33 kV 220 kV

33 kV

Blenheim

MINOR UPGRADE

110 kV

Kikiwa

Argyle

WEST COAST
Kikiwa

15.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 6-1 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 15-5: Changes Since 2011
Issues Stoke 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer capacity KikiwaStoke 110 kV transmission capacity Change New issue. New issue.

15.8

Nelson-Marlborough transmission capability


Table 15-6 summarises issues involving the Nelson-Marlborough region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.

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Chapter 15: Nelson-Marlborough Region

Table 15-6: Nelson-Marlborough region transmission issues


Section number Regional 15.8.1 15.8.2 Stoke 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer capacity Stoke 110/66 kV interconnecting transformer capacity Issue

Site by grid exit point 15.8.3 15.8.4 15.8.5 15.8.6 15.8.7 CobbMotueka 66 kV transmission capacity Motueka supply transformer capacity Motupipi single supply security KikiwaStoke 110 kV transmission capacity Stoke supply transformer capacity

15.8.1 Stoke 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: STK-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Resolving station equipment limits: Base Capex, minor enhancement 2020 A

Issue A single 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer at Stoke provides a 110 kV interconnection to the Nelson-Marlborough region. This transformer has: a nominal installed capacity of 150 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 160/160
132

MVA (summer/winter).

The Stoke 220/110 kV transformer is effectively operating in parallel with the 150 MVA interconnecting transformer at Kikiwa. An outage of the Kikiwa transformer results in the Stoke transformer supplying the Nelson-Marlborough and West Coast 133 regions and may cause the Stoke transformer to overload. The loading on the Stoke transformer depends on the generation in the Nelson-Marlborough and West Coast regions. Solution In the short term, this issue will be managed operationally via generation rescheduling and load management. Removing station equipment constraints on the interconnecting transformer and managing the generation level in the NelsonMarlborough and West Coast regions will resolve the issue for the forecast period. In the longer term, a second 220/110 kV transformer may be required at Kikiwa. 15.8.2 Stoke 110/66 kV interconnecting transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: STK-POW_TFR-EHMT-02 Preferred, customer-specific To be advised B

132

133

The transformers capacity is limited by 110 kV disconnectors; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 180/188 MVA (summer/winter). The normal operating arrangement is only Kikiwa T2 (150 MVA) provides a 110 kV interconnection to the West Coast region, and Kikiwa T1 (50 MVA) supplies the local 11 kV load.

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Issue The Golden Bay loads at the Motueka and Motupipi grid exit points are supplied by: a single 23 MVA 110/66/11 kV transformer at Stoke, and the Cobb generation station. With no Cobb generation, the peak load at Golden Bay is forecast to exceed the Stoke transformers continuous rating by approximately 5 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 11 MW in 2027 (see Table 15-7).
Table 15-7: Stoke 110/66 kV transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Golden Bay 0.98 5 2013 5 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 6 2015 6 2016 7 2017 7 2019 8 5-15 Years out 2021 9 2023 10 2025 11 2027 11

Solution The short-term operational solution requires Cobb to generate at a minimum output to avoid overloading the Stoke transformer. We are discussing longer-term solutions with Network Tasman and Trustpower. The preferred option is to install a 40 MVA transformer in parallel with the existing interconnecting transformer. This (in conjunction with some generation from Cobb) will provide secure supply to the Golden Bay area for the forecast period and beyond. Installing a second Stoke 110/66 kV interconnecting transformer does not raise property issues as the existing substation has sufficient room to accommodate the new transformer. Future investment will be customer driven. 15.8.3 CobbMotueka 66 kV transmission capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The three circuits connecting Cobb, Motueka and Upper Takaka include the: CobbMotueka 2 circuit rated at 21/26 MVA (summer/winter) MotuekaUpper Takaka 1 circuit rated at 21/25 MVA (summer/winter), and CobbUpper Takaka 1 circuit rated at 29/35 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of one of the CobbMotueka 2, MotuekaUpper Takaka 1 or CobbUpper Takaka 1 circuits will limit the Cobb generation stations output. Solution The issue is managed operationally with an automatic generation runback scheme to constrain Cobb generation to match the remaining circuits rating. This is considered adequate and future investment will be customer driven. 15.8.4 Motueka supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Upgrade protection: MOT-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 New capacitors: MOT-C_BANKS-DEV-01 New grid exit point: MOT-SUBEST-DEV-01 Upgrade protection: Base Capex, minor enhancement New capacitors and grid exit point: preferred, customer-specific Upgrade protection: 2012

Project status/purpose: Indicative timing:

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Chapter 15: Nelson-Marlborough Region

Indicative cost band:

New capacitors: 2013 New grid exit point: 2016 Upgrade new capacitor: A New grid exit point: C

Issue Two 66/11 kV transformers supply Motuekas load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 40 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 21/21 MVA
134

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Motueka is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 2 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 7 MW in 2027 (see Table 15-8).
Table 15-8: Motueka supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Motueka 0.98 2 2013 2 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 3 2015 3 2016 2017 3 4 2019 4 5-15 years out 2021 5 2023 5 2025 6 2027 7

Solution We have discussed future supply options with Network Tasman. We will raise the protection limit to provide a short-term solution. The preferred long-term development option involves: installing capacitors at Motueka, which extends the transformers real power capacity, and establishing a new grid exit point near Riwaka, connecting to the 66 kV StokeUpper Takaka lines. Installing new capacitor banks does not raise new property issues as the existing substation has sufficient room to accommodate the new equipment. Network Tasman has designated land for the new Riwaka grid exit point. 15.8.5 Motupipi single supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Motupipi is supplied by a single 66 kV circuit from Upper Takaka, which means it has no n-1 security. The forecast load growth at Motupipi will not exceed the present circuit rating for the forecast period and beyond. Motupipis point of connection is the 66 kV line termination, so the loading of the supply transformer rests with the customer. Solution The lack of n-1 security can be managed operationally. However, we will discuss options for increasing security with Network Tasman. Future investment will be customer driven.

134

The transformers capacity is limited by protection limit, followed by the bus section limit of 23 MVA, and cable limit of 24 MVA; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 24/25 MVA (summer/winter).

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15.8.6 KikiwaStoke 110 kV transmission capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: KIK_STK-TRAN-EHMT-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid) Beyond 2020 To be advised

Issue There are two 110 kV circuits connecting the Nelson-Marlborough and West Coast regions: KikiwaStoke 3 circuit rated at 56/68 MVA (summer/winter), and KikiwaArgyleBlenheimStoke 1 circuit rated at 56/68 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of a Stoke 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer results in NelsonMarlborough region supply from the interconnection at Kikiwa, via the two 110 kV circuits. The KikiwaStoke 3 circuit may overload when Nelson-Marlborough region load is high coupled with low local generation. Solution This issue can be managed operationally by constraining generation levels at Cobb and Argyle. A longer-term solution is to thermally upgrade the KikiwaStoke 110 kV circuit. 15.8.7 Stoke supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Replace transformer: STK-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 New grid exit point: STK-SUBEST-DEV-01 Replace transformer: committed, replacement New grid exit point: possible, customer-specific Replace transformer: 2012-2014 New grid exit point: 2015 Replace transformer: C New grid exit point: C

Issue Three 220/33 kV transformers supply Stokes load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 150 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 114/114 MVA
135

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Stoke already exceeds the transformers n-1 winter capacity, and the overload is forecast to increase to approximately 76 MW in 2027 (see Table 15-9).
Table 15-9: Stoke supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Stoke 1.00 33 2013 36 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 39 2015 42 2016 2017 45 48 2019 53 5-15 years out 2021 59 2023 65 2025 70 2027 76

Solution The supply transformers are made up of single-phase units with a contracted on-site spare, allowing replacement within 8-14 hours following a unit failure.

135

The transformers capacity is limited by protection equipment; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 124/133 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 15: Nelson-Marlborough Region

We are replacing the existing transformers with two 120 MVA units with a post contingency rating of 143 MVA, which gives an additional 29 MVA n-1 capacity. The transformer overloading issue can be resolved initially by operational measures and, in the longer term, by a new grid exit point at Brightwater connected to the 220 kV KikiwaStoke circuits. Network Tasman has designated land for a new grid exit point. The existing single-phase supply transformers at Stoke are approaching their end-oflife within the next five years. We also plan to convert the Stoke 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. The replacement of these transformers and the 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion will be coordinated.

15.9

Other regional items of interest

15.9.1 Golden Bay voltage quality and transmission security


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: New capacitor: MOT-C_BANKS-DEV-01 Upgrade conductor: STK_UTK-TRAN-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific To be advised New capacitor: A Upgrade conductor: to be advised

Issue Two 66 kV circuits connect Cobb generation to the transmission grid. Disconnection of Cobb generation from the grid during a planned maintenance outage of the Cobb Upper Takaka 1 circuit and loss of the CobbMotuekaStoke 2 circuit, causes low voltage and transmission security issues at Golden Bay. Solution Possible development options include: installing capacitors at Motueka and/or Motupipi for voltage support, and reducing voltage step post contingency, or upgrading the limiting conductor on the StokeUpper Takaka A and B lines. Installation of capacitor banks at Motueka will also help to extend the Motueka supply transformers n-1 real power capacity for the forecast period and beyond (see Section 15.8.4).

15.10 Nelson-Marlborough generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. See our website for more 136 information about connecting generation. 15.10.1 Maximum regional generation Maximum generation estimates assume a light South Island load profile, and that high generation in the Nelson-Marlborough region (with Cobb generating 27 MW).

136

http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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For generation connected at the Stoke 220 kV bus, the maximum generation that can be injected under n-1 is approximately 380 MW. The constraint is due to the 220 kV KikiwaStoke circuit overloading when the other circuit is out of service. Generation up to approximately 150 MW can be connected at the Blenheim 110 kV bus, or to the two 110 kV BlenheimStoke circuits. Higher levels of generation (approximately 170 MW generation injection under n-1) requires a protection upgrade on the BlenheimStoke 1 circuit. Further increases require a thermal upgrade of the 110 kV BlenheimArgyleKikiwa circuit. 15.10.2 Generation on the BlenheimArgyleKikiwa circuit BlenheimArgyleKikiwa is a single 110 kV circuit rated at 56/68 MVA. The maximum generation that can be connected to this circuit depends on the location of the connection. With all circuits in service, approximately 50 MW can be connected, in addition to the existing generation injected at Argyle. Generation levels above this will need to be embedded within the Marlborough Lines network. Generation restrictions may also be needed for some outages. Alternatively, increasing the rating of the circuit is also technically possible. 15.10.3 Generation connection to the 66 kV network The existing Cobb hydro generation station is already connected to the 66 kV transmission network, and its output must occasionally be constrained if a circuit is out of service or to prevent overloading of the Stoke 110/66 kV transformer. Approximately 10 MW of additional generation can be connected if controls are installed to automatically reduce generation for some outages, and the Stoke 110/66 kV transformer capacity is increased. The 66 kV transmission lines have a variety of conductor types and ratings. Thermally upgrading or replacing the sections with the lowest capacities allows an additional 15-30 MW of generation before the remaining sections require upgrading.

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

16

West Coast Regional Plan


16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 Regional overview West Coast transmission system West Coast demand West Coast generation West Coast significant maintenance work Future West Coast projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report West Coast transmission capability Other regional items of interest West Coast generation proposals and opportunities

16.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the West Coast regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 16-1: West Coast region

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

The West Coast region includes a mix of provincial towns (Dobson, Greymouth, Hokitika), and smaller, lower-growth rural localities. We have assessed the West Coast regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

16.2

West Coast transmission system


This section highlights the state of the West Coast regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 16-1 and schematically in Figure 16-2.
Figure 16-2: West Coast transmission schematic

16.2.1 Transmission into the region The West Coast region is connected to the National Grid via a 220/110 kV interconnection at Kikiwa and two 66 kV circuits from Coleridge. The 220/110 kV interconnection at Kikiwa is effectively operating in parallel with the transformer at Stoke.

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

The regional generation is lower than the regional demand. Most of the regional load is supplied from remote generation in the Waitaki Valley, with significant load off-take in the South Canterbury and Canterbury regions. 16.2.2 Transmission within the region The transmission within the region: comprises 110 kV and 66 kV transmission circuits, with two 110/66 kV interconnecting transformers at Dobson connects to the rest of the National Grid through two 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers at Kikiwa (one on standby) and two 66 kV circuits at Coleridge, and derives reactive support from a STATCOM at Kikiwa and capacitor banks at Greymouth and Hokitika. Most of the assets at Orowaiti, Reefton, Atarau, Greymouth, and Hokitika are owned by the associated local lines company (Westpower or Buller Network). The West Coast load is mostly supplied from the northern infeed, with power flowing through the region via the: 110 kV circuits from Kikiwa to Dobson via Inangahua, and 110 kV spur from Inangahua to Westport via Orowaiti. The second 110 kV InangahuaReeftonDobson circuit and a new interconnecting transformer at Dobson were recently commissioned to reinforce the 110 kV transmission network from the northern infeed. Some loads are fed from the south via low capacity 66 kV circuits from Coleridge, which also provide significant support to the region. 16.2.3 Longer-term development path The 220/110 kV interconnection at Kikiwa is effectively operating in parallel with the transformer at Stoke. In the longer term, transformer capacity needs to be increased at Kikiwa and/or Stoke to meet load growth and transmission security requirements to the West Coast region. Possible transmission reinforcement via a third 110 kV circuit connecting between Kikiwa and Inangahua, additional reactive support, 66 kV transmission reconfiguration (Kawhaka bonding), and DobsonGreymouth capacity upgrades may be required to support the load growth and transmission security in the West Coast region in the longer term. The above system developments may also be required for generation developments. If there is a significant increase in generation, then some of the circuits between Kikiwa and Inangahua may need to be operated at 220 kV.

16.3

West Coast demand


The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the West Coast region is forecast to grow on average by 2.7% annually over the next 15 years, from 70 MW in 2012 to 104 MW by 2027. This is higher than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 16-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 137 demand (after diversity ) for the West Coast region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where

137

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit points peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.
Figure 16-3: West Coast region after diversity maximum demand forecast

West Coast
Load (MW) 140

120

100

80

60

40 2011 APR Forecast 20 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 0 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 16-1 lists forecast peak demand (prudent growth) for each grid exit point in the West Coast region for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 16-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at West Coast grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Arthurs Pass Atarau
1

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2013 0.5 11.0 0.9 16.3 15.3 17.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 19.2 0.9 11.2 10.3 2014 0.5 11.0 0.9 16.6 15.6 19.8 3.0 2.0 3.0 19.3 0.9 11.4 10.5 2015 0.5 11.0 0.9 20.9 15.9 20.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 19.5 0.9 11.7 10.6 2016 0.5 11.0 0.9 21.2 16.2 20.3 3.0 2.0 3.0 19.7 0.9 11.9 10.8 2017 0.5 11.0 0.9 21.5 16.6 20.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 19.9 1.9 12.1 10.9 2019 0.5 11.0 0.9 26.1 17.2 21.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 20.2 1.9 12.6 11.3 0.5 1.0 0.9 16.0 15.0 16.8 3.0 2.0 3.0 11.0 0.9 11.0 10.2 5-15 years out 2021 0.5 11.0 0.9 26.6 17.8 21.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 20.5 1.9 13.1 11.6 2023 0.5 11.0 0.9 27.2 18.4 21.9 3.0 2.0 3.0 20.9 1.9 13.5 11.9 2025 0.5 11.0 0.9 27.7 18.9 22.4 3.0 2.0 3.0 21.2 1.9 13.9 12.2 2027 0.5 11.0 0.9 28.0 19.3 22.7 3.0 2.0 3.0 21.4 1.9 14.2 12.4

0.99 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.95 0.99 1.00 0.78 0.99 0.96

Castle Hill Dobson


2

Greymouth Hokitika3 Kikiwa Kumara Murchison Orowaiti Otira Reefton Westport 1. 2. 3. 4.


4

The customer advised of a possible load increase in 2013. The customer advised of a possible load increase in 2015 and 2019. The customer advised of a possible load increase in 2014. The customer advised of a possible new load in 2013.

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

16.4

West Coast generation


The West Coast regions generation capacity is 20 MW, which is lower than the local demand and the deficit is imported through the National Grid. Table 16-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point in the West Coast region for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known generation stations including those embedded within the relevant local lines 138 companys network (Westpower, Buller Networks, Network Tasman, or Orion) . Kumara does not have significant water storage but is expected to supply a minimum of 2 MW during summer peaks. The construction of the 6 MW Amethyst hydro project is currently underway and is expected to be operational by 2013.
Table 16-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at West Coast grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) Dobson (Arnold) Hokitika (Amethyst) Hokitika (McKays Creek) Hokitika (WahapoOkarito Forks) Kumara (Kumara and Dillmans)1 Kumara (Hokitika Diesel) 1. Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 3 0 1 3 10 3 2013 3 6 1 3 10 3 2014 3 6 1 3 10 3 2015 3 6 1 3 10 3 2016 3 6 1 3 10 3 2017 3 6 1 3 10 3 2019 3 6 1 3 10 3 5-15 years out 2021 3 6 1 3 10 3 2023 3 6 1 3 10 3 2025 3 6 1 3 10 3 2027 3 6 1 3 10 3

Kumara and Dillmans share the same water and are offered into the market as a single 10 MW generator.

16.5

West Coast significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 16-3 lists the 139 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the West Coast region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.
Table 16-3: Proposed significant maintenance work
Description Arthurs Pass supply transformer expected end-oflife Castle Hill supply transformer expected end-of-life Murchison supply transformer expected end-of-life Tentative year 2013-2015 Related system issues No n-1 security at Arthurs Pass. Future investment will be customer-driven. See Section 16.8.2 for more information. No n-1 security at Castle Hill. Future investment will be customer-driven. See Section 16.8.5 for more information. No n-1 security at Murchison. Future investment will be customer-driven. See Section 16.8.7 for more information.

2012-2014

2016-2018

138

139

Only generators with capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt. This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

16.6

Future West Coast projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 16-4 lists projects to be carried out in the West Coast region within the next 15 years. Figure 16-4 shows the possible configuration of West Coast transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 16-4: Projects in the West Coast region up to 2027
Site Arthurs Pass Castle Hill Dobson Projects Replace supply transformer. Replace supply transformer. Resolve protection limits on the supply transformers. Replace supply transformers with higher-rated units. Install new capacitors. Increase the line thermal capacity. Replace Kikiwa T1 with a higher-rated unit. Replace supply transformer. Status Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible Possible Possible Possible Base Capex

Inangahua MurchisonKikiwa Kikiwa Murchison

Figure 16-4: Possible West Coast transmission configuration in 2027


NELSON - MARLBOROUGH
Stoke Argyle 110 kV
STC

Stoke

11 kV 220 kV

Kikiwa Waimangaroa
110 kV 110 kV 11 kV

Murchison Orowaiti
110 kV

Islington

CANTERBURY Westport
11 kV 110 kV

Inangahua

Atarau Greymouth
110 kV

11 kV

33 kV

Reefton

*
11 kV 66 kV

Dobson
33 kV 66 kV 66 kV KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

11 kV

Kumara Hokitika

*
66 kV

MINOR UPGRADE

Otira
66 kV 66 kV

Arthurs Pass

Castle Hill

66 kV

Coleridge CANTERBURY

16.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 16-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

Table 16-5: Changes since 2011


Issues West Coast 110 kV and 66 kV transmission security Kikiwa interconnecting transformer capcity West Coast low voltage Hokitika transmission capacity Change Removed. This is no longer an issue with the commissioning of Hokitika capacitors and the second DobsonReefton circuit. New issue. New issue. New issue.

16.8

West Coast transmission capability


Table 16-6 summarises issues involving the West Coast region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.
Table 16-6: West Coast region transmission issues
Section number Regional 16.8.1 16.8.2 16.8.3 InangahuaMurchisonKikiwa transmission capacity Kikiwa interconnecting transformer capacity West Coast low voltage Issue

Site by grid exit point 16.8.4 16.8.5 16.8.6 16.8.7 16.8.8 16.8.9 Arthurs Pass transmission and supply security Castle Hill transmission and supply security Dobson supply transformer capacity Hokitika transmission capacity Murchison transmission and supply security Otira supply security

16.8.1 InangahuaMurchisonKikiwa transmission capacity


Project context: Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Modelled project in the West Coast Grid Upgrade Plan (approved in July 2008). Commission cost recovery approval has not yet been sought. IGH_KIK-TRAN-EHMT-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid) 2017 Thermal upgrade: A Special protection scheme: To be advised

Issue There are two parallel 110 kV circuits between Inangahua and Kikiwa, which include the: 110 kV InangahuaMurchisonKikiwa circuit, rated at 56/68 MVA (summer/winter), and 110 kV InangahuaKikiwa 2 circuit, rated at 92/101 MVA (summer/winter). An outage of the 110 kV InangahuaKikiwa 2 circuit will cause: the parallel 110 kV InangahuaMurchisonKikiwa circuit to overload from approximately 2017, and low voltage at the West Coast 110 kV bus from approximately 2021 (see Section 16.8.3 for more information).

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

Solution Possible options to resolve the transmission capacity issue include: thermally upgrading the 110 kV InangahuaMurchisonKikiwa circuit, or a special protection scheme to trip load post-contingency. The preferred option is to thermally upgrade the 110 kV InangahuaMurchison Kikiwa circuit. However, initial application of the Grid Investment Test indicates that this option has no overall economic benefit. We are investigating other options to resolve this issue. See 16.8.3 for possible options to resolve the low voltage issue. Easements may be required for some parts of the thermal upgrade project. 16.8.2 Kikiwa interconnecting transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue There are two 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers at Kikiwa, T1 and T2 rated at 50 MVA and 150 MVA, respectively. The normal operating arrangement is to have Kikiwa T1 supply the local 11 kV load only and Kikiwa T2 provide a 110 kV interconnection to the West Coast region. Kikiwa T2 also operates in parallel with a 150 MVA interconnecting transformer at Stoke (Nelson-Marlborough region) due to the 110 kV network connections between them. The loss of one 150 MVA interconnecting transformer at Stoke will cause the Kikiwa interconnecting transformer to overload under certain conditions, including a combination of: regional peak loads, and low generation in the West Coast and Nelson-Marlborough regions. Solution This issue can be managed operationally by Cobb and Kumara generation within the forecast period. Transpower will work with the generators to manage this constraint. A possible longer-term option is to replace Kikiwa T1 with a higher-rated transformer and operate in parallel with Kikiwa T2 and the interconnecting transformer at Stoke. 16.8.3 West Coast low voltage
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: WCST-REA_SUP-DEV-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid) 2021 New capacitors: A Special protection scheme: To be advised

Issue Low voltage will occur at the Atarau 110 kV bus following an outage of a: 110 kV InangahuaKikiwa 2 circuit from 2021, or Kikiwa T2 interconnecting transformer from 2024. The low voltage issue progressively arises at other buses with increasing load in the West Coast region.

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Solution We are investigating options to mitigate the low voltage issues. A local voltage quality agreement may be appropriate in the short term for 110 kV voltages. Possible transmission solutions include: installing new capacitors at West Coast a special protection scheme to shed load post contingency, and replacing Kikiwa T1 with a higher-rated transformer and operate in parallel with the Kikiwa T2 interconnecting transformer (this option also resolves the Kikiwa interconnecting transformer capacity issue described in Section 16.8.2). 16.8.4 Arthurs Pass transmission and supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The two circuits supplying Arthurs Pass do not have circuit breakers at Arthurs Pass. A fault on either circuit will cause a loss of supply to Arthurs Pass, resulting in no n-1 security. Additionally, a single 66/11 kV, 3 MVA transformer supplies load at Arthurs Pass resulting in no n-1 security. This transformer is also approaching its expected end-oflife within the next five years. Solution The lack of n-1 security can be managed operationally. There is a non-contracted on-site spare transformer, allowing possible replacement within 8-14 hours following a unit failure (if the spare unit is available). However, we will discuss options with Orion for increasing security and coordinating outages to minimise supply interruptions when replacing this transformer. 16.8.5 Castle Hill transmission and supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The two circuits supplying Castle Hill do not have line protection to clear faults. A fault on either circuit will cause a loss of supply to Castle Hill, resulting in no n-1 security. Additionally, a single 66/11 kV, 3.75 MVA transformer supplies load at Castle Hill resulting in no n-1 security. This transformer is also approaching its expected end-oflife within the next five years. Solution The lack of n-1 security can be managed operationally. There is a non-contracted on-site spare transformer, allowing possible replacement within 8 to 14 hours following a unit failure (if the spare unit is available). However, we will discuss with Orion options for increasing security and coordinating outages to minimise supply interruptions when replacing this transformer. 16.8.6 Dobson supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Upgrade protection: DOB-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Upgrade transformer capacity: DOB-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Upgrade protection: Base Capex, minor enhancement Upgrade transformer capacity: possible, customer-specific

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Upgrade protection: 2014 Upgrade transformer capacity: 2015-2017 Upgrade protection: A Upgrade transformer capacity: B

Issue Two 66/33 kV transformers supply Dobsons load, providing: a nominal installed capacity of 40 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 17/17 MVA
140

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Dobson is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2014, increasing to approximately 12 MW in 2027 (see Table 16-7). This forecast makes the assumption that Arnold generation is 3 MW. If Arnolad generation decreases, the issue may arise earlier.
Table 16-7: Dobson supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Dobson 0.98 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 1 2015 5 2016 2017 5 6 2019 10 5-15 years out 2021 11 2023 11 2025 12 2027 12

Solution Resolving the transformers protection and LV cable limits will provide sufficient n-1 capacity until 2018. We will look into raising the protection limits which will resolve the overload issue until 2015. Possible longer-term options include increasing the embedded generation at Dobson which we are discussing with Westpower and Trustpower. Operational measures or replacing the existing supply transformers with two 40 MVA units are also possible longer-term options. Future investment will be customer driven. 16.8.7 Hokitika transmission capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two circuits supply the Hokitika grid exit point: HokitikaKumara rated at 27/32 MVA (summer/winter), and HokitikaOtira rated at 27/32 MVA (summer/winter) An outage of one circuit will cause the other to exceed its thermal capacity when Kumara generation is low. The 66 kV line from Coleridge to Kumara is predominantly strung with a copper conductor, and therefore cannot be thermally upgraded. Solution This issue can be managed operationally by Kumara generation within the forecast period.

140

The transformers capacity is limited by protection equipment, followed by the LV cable (21 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 22/23 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

Transpower is also investigating an option to upgrade the 66 kV transmission network by bonding the copper circuits around Hokitika and Kumara, resulting in two highercapacity circuits to Hokitika. 16.8.8 Murchison transmission and supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue The two circuits supplying Murchison do not have any circuit breakers at Murchison. A fault on either circuit will cause a loss of Murchisons supply resulting in no n-1 security. There is a short loss of supply whenever the circuits supplying Murchison are switched for maintenance. Additionally, a single 110/11 kV, 5 MVA transformer supplies load at Murchison resulting in no n-1 security. This transformer has an expected end-of-life within the forecast period. Solution The lack of n-1 security can be managed operationally. We are investigating options to mitigate loss of supply to Murchison during switching for line maintenance. We will also discuss options with Network Tasman for increasing security and coordinating outages to minimise supply interruptions when replacing the Murchison supply transformer. 16.8.9 Otira supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 66/11 kV, 2.5 MVA transformer supplies load at Otira resulting in no n-1 security. Load growth is not forecast to exceed the transformer rating within the forecast period. Solution There is a non-contracted on-site spare transformer, allowing possible replacement within 8-14 hours following a unit failure (if the spare unit is available). The lack of n-1 security can be managed operationally.

16.9

Other regional items of interest


There are no other items of interest identified to date beyond those set out in Section 16.8. See Section 16.10 for information about generation proposals relevant to this region.

16.10 West Coast generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early

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Chapter 16: West Coast Region

stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. See our website for more 141 information about connecting generation. 16.10.1 Maximum regional generation Maximum generation estimates assume a South Island light load profile and that the generation in the West Coast region is high (with Kumara generating 10 MW). For generation connected at the Kikiwa 220 kV bus, the maximum generation that can be injected under n-1 is approximately 800 MW. The constraint is the Islington Kikiwa 3 circuit when either one of the other two circuits connecting Islington and Kikiwa is out of service. The estimate for maximum generation injection at the Kikiwa 110 kV bus and the Inangahua 110 kV bus assumes West Coast load of 53 MW, and the maximum generation that can be injected under n and n-1 is approximately: 285 MW and 135 MW, respectively, at the Kikiwa 110 kV bus, with the constraint being due to the Kikiwa interconnecting transformer overloading, and 110 kV KikiwaStoke circuit overloading when the Kikiwa interconnecting transformer is out of service. 165 MW and 95 MW, respectively, at the Inangahua 110 kV bus, with the constraint being due to the 110 kV InangahuaMurchisonKikiwa 1 circuit overloading under an n condition, and under an n-1 condition when the other InangahuaKikiwa 2 circuit is out of service. Depending on the point of connection, generation connection on the West Coast 66 kV transmission network may be constrained by several low capacity 66 kV circuits. 16.10.2 Generation connected to the Waimangaroa 110 kV bus Two circuits connect Waimangaroa to Inangahua and the rest of the National Grid. The InangahuaWaimangaroa 1 circuit is rated at 101/111 MVA (summer/winter), and has a higher rating than the InangahuaWaimangaroa 2 circuit, which is rated at 56/68 (summer/winter). There is also a lower rating circuit connecting between Inangahua and Kikiwa. Depending on the amount of generation connected at the Waimangaroa 110 kV bus, it may be necessary to: join the Waimangaroa 110 kV bus install a special protection scheme to allow unconstrained generation injection, and/or increase the circuit capacity between Waimangaroa, Inangahua, and Kikiwa.

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http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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Chapter 17: Canterbury Region

17

Canterbury Regional Plan


17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.10 Regional overview Canterbury transmission system Canterbury demand Canterbury generation Canterbury significant maintenance work Future Canterbury projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Canterbury transmission capability Other regional items of interest Canterbury generation proposals and opportunities

17.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Canterbury regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 17-1: Canterbury region

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Chapter 17: Canterbury Region

The Canterbury region load includes Christchurch together with smaller rural localities. We have assessed the Canterbury regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

17.2

Canterbury transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Canterbury regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 17-1 and schematically in Figure 17-2.
Figure 17-2: Canterbury transmission schematic
66 kV 33 kV 66 kV

NELSON - MARLBOURGH
Kikiwa KEY
220kV CIRCUIT 66kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER TEE POINT LOAD CAPACITOR 3 WDG TRANSFORMER REACTOR GENERATOR
SC svc

Kikiwa

Kaikoura
33 kV

Culverden

Lines company assets 1 May 2012

Waipara
33 kV 66 kV

Ashley
66 kV 11 kV

SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSER STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR

Southbrook
33 kV 66 kV 66 kV 11 kV

Lines company assets 1 June 2012


Papanui
11 kV

Middleton 66 kV Addington
11 kV 11 kV

WEST COAST
Otira Castle Hill

66 kV

Kaiapoi

Bromley Coleridge
66 kV 11 kV 66 kV 33 kV 66 kV
SC
SVC

66 kV 33 kV
SC

11 kV 66 kV

SVC

Islington Hororata

220 kV

220 kV

Tekapo B Livingstone 66 kV Twizel 66 kV 220 kV 33 kV

33 kV

SOUTH CANTERBURY

Springston

Ashburton

17.2.1 Transmission into the region The Canterbury region has some of the highest load densities in the South Island, coupled with relatively low levels of local generation. As Canterburys peak electricity demand is supplied by generation located in the South Canterbury region, transmission is necessary to keep power flowing into and through the region to the top of the South Island.

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Chapter 17: Canterbury Region

17.2.2 Transmission within the region From the Waitaki Valley, the region is supplied by four 220 kV transmission circuits, three from Twizel and one from Livingstone. The transmission network within this region comprises 220 kV and 66 kV transmission circuits, with 220 kV to 66 kV 142 interconnections at Islington, Bromley, Culverden , and Waipara. There are eight 220/66 kV interconnecting transformers: two at Bromley, three at Islington, two at Waipara, and one at Culverden. Reactive support for the region (and grid backbone) is provided by: synchronous condensers, static var compensators, and capacitor banks at Islington capacitor banks at Bromley, and a single 33 Mvar capacitor at Southbrook. We have a number of projects planned or underway to support demand growth and supply security in the Canterbury region. We have improved the dynamic voltage support and reactive power management in the region, and the upper South Island by installing a new static var compensator (SVC) at Islington, and a reactive power controller in the Christchurch area. 17.2.3 Longer-term development path We are investigating transmission capacity enhancement and future reactive support requirements in the Canterbury and Upper South Island to increase both thermal constraints and voltage stability limits. This is to ensure that the Canterbury has secure transmission into and through the region, as demand continues to grow. Beyond the next 30 years, new transmission capacity may be required into the Canterbury region. The new capacity may be provided by a new 220 kV line, HVDC tap-off or the refurbishment of the existing lines. New generation in the Upper South Island or demand-side response may defer transmission investment.

17.3

Canterbury demand
The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Canterbury region is forecast to grow on average by 2.0% annually over the next 15 years, from 817 MW in 2012 to 1,103 MW by 2027. This is higher than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. The Christchurch earthquakes during 2011 caused a 10-15% reduction in peak demand. The extreme snow storm during the winter of 2011 masked the reduction in demand, and winter load in 2012 is expected to be down given normal winter conditions. When the Christchurch earthquake recovery plan becomes clearer our forecast will be adjusted accordingly. Figure 17-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 143 demand (after diversity ) for the Canterbury region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.

142

143

At Culverden, the 220 kV to 66 kV interconnection is done in two stages, via: two 220/33 kV transformers, stepping down the voltage to supply the local load, and one 33/66 kV transformer stepping the voltage back up to 66 kV to supply Kaikoura. The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 17: Canterbury Region

Figure 17-3: Canterbury region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Canterbury
Load (MW) 1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600 2011 APR Forecast 500 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 400 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 17-1 lists forecast peak demand (prudent growth) for each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 17-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at Canterbury grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 35 25 133 55 133 12 56 171 1 21 10 31 27 73 128 113 29 30 43 43 37 26 138 56 137 12 58 183 1 21 10 25 42 75 129 112 29 31 45 34 38 27 142 29 149 13 60 188 1 22 10 25 32 76 135 112 30 31 46 34 40 28 145 29 154 22 61 194 1 25 11 25 32 78 152 113 30 32 39 36 41 28 148 30 158 23 62 198 1 26 11 26 36 79 154 114 31 33 40 38 41 29 150 15 167 23 63 199 1 27 11 19 44 81 156 115 32 33 41 33 42 29 149 16 176 24 61 209 1 28 12 19 44 84 159 118 33 35 43 34 5-15 years out 35 24 136 8 187 25 63 294 1 29 12 20 45 87 162 82 34 36 45 35 36 25 139 9 194 26 65 301 1 30 12 20 46 89 165 83 35 37 47 36 37 26 143 9 201 27 67 308 1 31 13 21 46 92 168 84 36 38 49 37 38 26 146 9 207 28 69 315 1 32 13 21 47 94 171 86 37 39 51 38 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 Addington 11 kV -11 Addington 11 kV -2 Addington 66 kV
1 1

0.99 0.99 0.99 0.92 0.92 0.87 0.99

Ashburton 33 kV2 Ashburton 66 kV Ashley


3 2

Bromley 11 kV Bromley 66 kV Coleridge Culverden 33 kV Culverden 66 kV Hororata 33 kV Hororata 66 kV Islington 33 kV Islington 66 kV


6 5 5 4 1

1.00 0.99 0.97 0.99 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.97

Islington 66 kV Papanui1 Kaiapoi Middleton Southbrook


3,7

0.95 0.99

Springston 33 kV5

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Chapter 17: Canterbury Region

Grid exit point

Power factor

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 21 13 12 32 13 13 48 14 13 49 14 13 50 14 13 58 22 14 61 23 14 5-15 years out 64 23 15 66 24 15 69 24 16 72 24 16 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Springston 66 kV5 Waipara 33 kV8 Waipara 66 kV 1. 2.

0.99 0.96 0.97

The customer has indicated load shifts planned for 2020 from Addington 11 kV, Addington 66 kV, Papanui 11 kV and Papanui 66 kV to Bromley 66 kV. This forecast includes allowance for strong growth including some migration of load from Christchurch, load switching between Ashburton 33 kV and Ashburton 66 kV and a staged migration from Ashburton 33 kV over 2014 to 2021. Ashley load will increase from 2015, with the addition load transferred from Southbrook. The customer indicates an expected irrigation load increase in 2015. The customer provided this forecast. The customer advised the step change to Islington 66 kV in 2015 is due to the creation of a new zone sub "Waimakariri" which will pick up some load from Papanui 11 kV and Islington 33 kV. The customer indicates an expected irrigation load increase in 2012. The customer indicates an expected irrigation load increase in 2017.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

17.4

Canterbury generation
The Canterbury regions generation capacity is 79 MW, which is lower than local demand and the deficit is imported through the National Grid from the Waitaki valley. Table 17-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations including those embedded within the relevant local 144 lines companys network (Electricity Ashburton, Orion or Mainpower). No new generation is known to be committed in the Canterbury region for the forecast period.
Table 17-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at Canterbury grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) Ashburton (Highbank) Ashburton (Montalto) Bromley (City Waste) Bromley (QE2 diesel) Coleridge Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 25 2 3 4 45 2013 25 2 3 4 45 2014 25 2 3 4 45 2015 25 2 3 4 45 2016 25 2 3 4 45 2017 25 2 3 4 45 2019 25 2 3 4 45 5-15 years out 2021 25 2 3 4 45 2023 25 2 3 4 45 2025 25 2 3 4 45 2027 25 2 3 4 45

17.5

Canterbury significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 17-3 lists the significant maintenance-related work proposed for the Canterbury region that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties over the next 15 years.
145

144

145

Only generators with a capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt. This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Chapter 17: Canterbury Region

Table 17-3: Proposed significant maintenance work


Description Addington 11 kV switchboard No.2 replacement Addington supply transformers expected end-of-life Ashley supply transformers expected end-of-life Bromley 220/66 kV transformers expected end-of-life Tentative year Related system issues 2012-2014 2023-2024 2016-2018 Orion is planning reconfiguring its 11 kV distribution system, which will be co-ordinated with the switchboard replacement. See Section 17.9.4 for more information. The forecast load at Ashley exceeds the transformers n-1 capacity from 2012. See Section 17.8.3 for more information. The forecast load at Bromley exceeds the transformers n-1 capacity from 2012. See Section 17.8.4 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. The peak load is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 capacity from 2019. See Section 17.8.1 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. No system issues are identified within the forecast period.

2018-2020

Bromley 66/11 kV transformers expected end-of-life Bromley 11 kV reactor decommission Hororata 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Islington T3 and T7 interconnecting transformers expected-end-of-life Islington 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Kaiapoi 11 KV switchgear replacement Springston 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Waipara 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion

2022-2024 2013-2014 2018-2020 2022-2023 2017-2019 2019-2020 2015-2017 2016-2018

17.6

Future Canterbury projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 17-4 lists projects to be carried out in the Canterbury region within the next 15 years. Figure 17-4 shows the possible configuration of Canterbury transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 17-4: Projects in the Canterbury region up to 2027
Site Addington Ashburton Ashley Bromley Projects Replace 11 kV switchboard No.2. Replace T5, T6, and T7 supply transformers. Install new 220/66 kV supply transformer. Replace existing supply transformers with higher-rated units. Install new 220/66 kV transformer. Replace existing 220/66 kV transformers. Replace existing 66/11 kV supply transformers. Dismantle 11 kV reactor. Replace 220/33 kV transformers with higher-rated 220/66 kV transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Install new 220/66 kV interconnecting transformer. Replace existing 220/66 kV interconnecting transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace 11 kV switchgear Resolve supply transformers branch component limits. Status Base Capex Base Capex Preferred Base Capex Committed Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex Possible Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible

Culverden Hororata Islington

Kaiapoi Southbrook

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Chapter 17: Canterbury Region

Site Springston Waipara

Projects Install two new 66 kV feeders. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. New 220/66 kV grid exit point. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard.

Status Possible Base Capex Possible Base Capex

Figure 17-4: Possible Canterbury transmission configuration in 2027


NELSON - MARLBOURGH
Kikiwa Kikiwa 33 kV

KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

66 kV

Culverden

MINOR UPGRADE

Waipara
33 kV 66 kV

Ashley
66 kV 11 kV

Southbrook
33 kV

* kV 66
66 kV 11 kV

Middleton
66 kV

Addington
11 kV 11 kV

WEST COAST
Otira Castle Hill

Kaiapoi

Coleridge
66 kV

11 kV 66 kV 33 kV 66 kV
SVC

66 kV 33 kV 220 kV

11 kV 66 kV

SVC

Islington Hororata

220 kV

Bromley

66 kV Tekapo B Livingstone 33 kV 66 kV

SOUTH CANTERBURY Twizel

Springston
220 kV 33 kV

Ashburton

17.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 17-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 17-5: Changes since 2011
Issues Ashley supply transformer capacity Culverden supply transformer capacity Hororata supply transformer capacity Kaikoura supply security and transformer capacity Change New issue. New issue. New issue. Removed. These assets will be transferred to Mainpower on 1 May 2012.

17.8

Canterbury transmission capability


Table 17-6 summarises issues involving the Canterbury region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.

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Chapter 17: Canterbury Region

Table 17-6: Canterbury region transmission issues


Section number Regional 17.8.1 Islington 220/66 kV transformer capacity Issue

Site by grid exit point 17.8.2 17.8.3 17.8.4 17.8.5 17.8.6 17.8.7 17.8.8 17.8.9 17.8.10 Ashburton 220/66 kV supply transformer capacity Ashley supply transformer capacity Bromley 220/66 kV transformer capacity and voltage quality Coleridge supply transformer security Culverden supply transformer capacity Hororata supply transformer capacity and voltage quality Southbrook supply transformer capacity Springston transmission capacity Waipara supply transformer security

17.8.1 Islington 220/66 kV transformer capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: ISL-POW_TFR-DEV-01 New 220/66 kV grid exit point: possible, customer specific A fourth 220/66 kV transformer: to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid) New 220/66 kV grid exit point: about 2020 A fourth 220/66 kV transformer: to be advised New 220/66 kV grid exit point: C A fourth 220/66 kV transformer: B

Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Issue Three 220/66 kV interconnecting transformers at Islington supply the loads for North Canterbury, Christchurch, and Springston, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 650 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 504/532 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at the Islington 66 kV bus is forecast to exceed the transformers winter n-1 capacity from 2019. The forecast assumes Coleridge generation is 13 MW. Solution A staged development plan was developed in discussion with Orion. The plans first stage increases the 220/66 kV transformer capacity at Bromley, and transfers load from Islington to Bromley in 2019 (see Section 17.8.4). Additional longer-term development options being investigated include: establishing a new 220/66 kV grid exit point south of Christchurch (see Section 17.9.2), which will also resolve the Springston transmission line capacity 146 issue (see Section 17.8.9) . installing a fourth 220/66 kV interconnecting transformer at Islington. This does not raise new property issues, as the existing substation has sufficient room to accommodate a new transformer. However, installing a new transformer will increase the fault level at Islington, downstream substations, and associated supply buses, which would then need resolution.

146

Acquisition of substation land is required for establishing a new 220/66 kV southern grid exit point.

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17.8.2 Ashburton 220/66 kV supply transformer capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: New 220/66 kV transformer: ASB-POW_TFR-DEV-02 New grid exit point: ASB-SUBEST-DEV-01 New 220/66 kV transformer: preferred, customer-specific New grid exit point: possible, customer-specific New 220/66 kV transformer: 2015 New grid exit point: approximately 2020 New 220/66 kV transformer: A New grid exit point: to be advised

Issue Two 220/66 kV transformers supply Ashburtons 66 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 220 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 120/126 MVA (summer/winter). The Ashburton 66 kV bus is connected to embedded generation at Highbank and Montalto, which may export power to the National Grid during periods of low demand. The peak load connected to the Ashburton 66 kV bus is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 11 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 84 MW in 2027 (see Table 17-7).
Table 17-7: Ashburton 220/66 kV supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 11 14 27 31 35 44 53 5-15 years out 64 71 78 84 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 Ashburton (66 kV) 0.92

Solution The preferred option is to install a third 220/66 kV, 120 MVA supply transformer. This will address the transformers n-1 capacity issue. As an interim measure, the load can be secured by transferring load to the Ashburton 33 kV transmission network and/or utilising the embedded generation. In the longer term, load will be transferred to a new grid exit point (see Section 17.9.1). 17.8.3 Ashley supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: ASY-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Base Capex, replacement 2015 A

Issue Two 66/11 kV transformers supply Ashleys load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 20 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 11/12 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Ashley is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 2 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 18 MW in 2027 (see Table 17-8).

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Table 17-8: Ashley supply transformer overload forecast


Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Ashely 0.87 2 2013 3 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 3 2015 12 2016 2017 13 14 2019 15 5-15 years out 2021 16 2023 16 2025 17 2027 18

Solution The existing supply transformers are approaching their expected end-of-life within the next five years. We are discussing with Mainpower the appropriate rating and timing for the replacement transformers. A longer-term solution involves replacing the existing transformers with two 40 MVA units. 17.8.4 Bromley 220/66 kV transformer capacity and voltage quality
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: BRY-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Committed, customer-specific 2012-2013 B (cost band for one transformer)

Issue Two 220/66 kV transformers supply Bromleys 66 kV and 11 kV loads, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 200 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 116/125 MVA (summer/winter). The load on the transformers is radially connected, enabling them to be analysed as supply transformers. The peak load at Bromley is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 80 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 229 MW in 2027 (see Table 17-9). Orion advises that some load from Papanui and Addington will be shifted to Bromley in 2020. This will adversely affect the voltage quality at the Bromley 220 kV and 66 kV buses for an outage of the 220 kV BromleyIslington circuit from 2020.
Table 17-9: Bromley interconnecting transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Bromley (66 kV) 1.00 80 2013 93 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 99 2015 106 2016 2017 111 113 2019 121 5-15 years out 2021 203 2023 211 2025 220 2027 229

Solution Following discussions with Orion, a new 220/66 kV transformer with on-load tap changer is being installed in parallel with the two existing transformers. This will be followed by replacing the two existing transformers with higher rated units in 2019. Both Bromley transformers have an expected end-of-life within the next 5-10 years. Installing capacitors at the Bromley transformers tertiary winding will resolve the low voltage issue. Installing a new 220/66 kV transformer and capacitors does not raise any property issues, as the existing substation has sufficient room to accommodate the new equipment.

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17.8.5 Coleridge supply transformer security


Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 66/11 kV, 2.5 MVA three phase supply transformer supplies the load at Coleridge, resulting in no n-1 security. Solution There is an off-site spare transformer that can take several days to install. Orion accepts this level of security. Future investment will be customer driven. 17.8.6 Culverden supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: CUL-POW_TFR-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific To be advised To be advised

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply the load at Culverden and Kaikoura, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 31/32 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Culverden and Kaikoura is forecast to exceed the supply transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2014, increasing to approximately 12 MW in 2027 (see Table 17-10).
Table 17-10: Culverden supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Culverden 0.97 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 1 2015 4 2016 2017 5 6 2019 7 5-15 years out 2021 9 2023 10 2025 11 2027 12

Solution We are discussing options with Mainpower. Operational measures are expected to be sufficient in the short term. Longer-term options include replacing the existing supply transformers with higher capacity units and changing the operating voltage to 220/66 kV. Future investment will be customer driven. 17.8.7 Hororata supply transformer capacity and voltage quality
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Hororata is supplied from: Islington by two 66 kV HororataIslington circuits, each rated at 59/62 MVA (summer/winter), and Coleridge and the West Coast by two 66 kV ColeridgeHororata circuits, each rated at 30/37 MVA (summer/winter). With low Coleridge generation (three of the five machines out of service), the summer n-1 capacity of the 66 kV HororataIslington circuits is limited to 56 MW to avoid low voltages at the Hororata 66 kV bus.

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Two 66/33 kV transformers supply Hororata 33 kV load, providing: a total nominal capacity of 34 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 23/23 MVA
147

(summer/winter).

Hororatas load peaks in summer. The peak load at Hororata 33 kV is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 11 MW in 2012 (see Table 17-11).
Table 17-11: Hororata supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 11 5 5 5 6 0 0 5-15 years out 0 0 1 1 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 Hororata (33 kV) 0.95

Solution There is a low voltage intertrip scheme installed at Hororata to manage the Hororata voltage quality constraint in the short term. We have discussed the supply options for the Plains area (supplied from Springston and Hororata) with Orion. The supply transformer capacity issue can be managed operationally in the short term by shifting load to Hororata 66 kV bus. In the longer term, Orion will shift load from the 33 kV to the 66 kV, which will remove the overload issue. Future investment will be customer driven. 17.8.8 Southbrook supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: SBK-TRAN-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific To be advised To be advised

Issue Two 66/33 kV transformers supply Southbrooks load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 80 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 47/47 MVA
148

(summer/winter).

Southbrooks load peaks in summer. The peak load at Southbrook is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2013. The overload will decrease when Mainpower transfers some load from the Southbrook 33 kV bus to the 66 kV bus. However, the Southbrook load will exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity again by approximately 2 MW in 2021, increasing to approximately 8 MW in 2027 (see Table 17-12).
Table 17-12: Southbrook supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Southbrook 0.95 0 2013 1 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 0 5-15 years out 2021 2 2023 4 2025 6 2027 8

147

148

The transformers capacity is limited by bus section rating; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 23/24 MVA (summer/winter). The transformers capacity is limited by circuit breaker and disconnector, followed by the LV cable (49 MVA) and protection equipment (50 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 55/57 MVA (summer/winter).

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Solution The issue can be managed operationally. Alternatively, resolving all transformers branch component limits will solve the overloading issue until 2027. Mainpower intends to transfer some load from the Southbrook 33 kV bus to 66 kV. This can be achieved by establishing two new 66 kV feeders from Southbrook. We are discussing the options with Mainpower. Future investment will be customer driven. 17.8.9 Springston transmission capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 66 kV IslingtonSpringston circuits supply Springstons load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 110/121 MVA (summer/winter), and n-1 capacity of 55/61 MVA (summer/winter). Springstons load peaks in summer. The peak load at Springston is forecast to exceed the circuits n-1 summer capacity from 2012. Solution In the short term, Orion can transfer load between Springston and Hororata following a contingency. Longer-term solutions include the following: during 2011, Orion installed new 66 kV capacity in the area from Islington, which will relieve the loading on the existing circuits in the short term; (they intend to progressively extend the 66 kV capacity in the area to reduce load on Springston over the next 10 years), and a new 220/66 kV grid exit point south of Christchurch to remove load from Springston (see Section 17.9.2). In addition, we also plan to convert Springston 33 kV outdoor switchyard to an indoor switchboard within the next 5-10 years. 17.8.10 Waipara supply transformer security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 66/33 kV, 16 MVA transformer supplies load at Waipara resulting in no n-1 security. Solution Mainpower is capable of transferring load from their 33 kV to their 66 kV network, and has indicated it will continue with the present level of security. Future investment will be customer driven.

17.9

Other regional items of interest

17.9.1 New Ashburton grid exit point We are investigating a second Ashburton grid exit point to supply the distribution load to the west of Ashburton. The connection configuration for the new grid exit point is via two transformer feeders connected to the 220 kV IslingtonLivingstone and

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IslingtonTekapo B circuits. The new grid exit point will be required in about 4-10 years time. 17.9.2 New southern grid exit point for Orion We are investigating one or two new 220/66 kV grid exit points for Orion south of Christchurch. The new grid exit point may connect to the 220 kV Islington Livingstone circuit, the IslingtonTekapo B circuit, or both. The new grid exit point(s) will be required by about 2020. 17.9.3 Decommissioning of Bromley 30 Mvar reactor Bromley has a 30 Mvar reactor connected to the tertiary of the T5 220/66/11 kV transformer. It is used to prevent high 220 kV voltages throughout the South Island during light load conditions. Following the commissioning of the second Islington SVC and the Kikiwa STATCOM, the reactor will be decommissioned in 2011. 17.9.4 Decommissioning two Addington 66/11 kV transformers Orion is planning a staged development of their 11 kV distribution system supplied from Addington, which will reduce the 11 kV load at Addington. Two 66/11 kV transformers (T2 and T3) are relatively new three-phase units and will remain. The other three transformers (T5, T6, and T7) are made up of single-phase units, and are scheduled for replacement by approximately 2023. Following discussions with Orion, the intention is to decommission T5 in approximately 2013 and decommission T6 and T7 in approximately 2019. The Addington 11 kV load will be limited to within the capacity of the two remaining transformers (n-1 capacity of 39/40 MVA summer/winter). In addition, the Addington 11 kV No. 2 indoor switchboard is scheduled for replacement in approximately 2012. The configuration of the replacement switchboard will be compatible with the longer-term site developments. 17.9.5 Fonterra load connection at Hororata Fonterra has constructed a new 5.5 MW dairy processing plant at Darfield in 2011/12, and planning for an additional 6 MW expansion in 2013. Further upgrades may be required in the future. The existing plant is connected to the Orion 33 kV subtransmission network supplied from Hororata 33 kV bus. This step load will adversely affect the voltage quality at Hororata. We are discussing options with Orion to increase the security of supply and resolve the low voltage issue at Hororata.

17.10 Canterbury generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. See our website for more 149 information about connecting generation.

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http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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17.10.1 Maximum regional generation The Canterbury region has some of the highest load densities in the South Island, coupled with relatively low levels of local generation. Therefore, there is no practical limit to the maximum generation that can be connected within the region. However, there will be limits on the maximum generation that can be connected at a substation or along an existing line due to the rating of the existing circuits. 17.10.2 Mount Cass wind station There is a proposal to install a 60 MW (approximately) wind station at Mount Cass, which can be connected to the Waipara 66 kV bus without any restrictions when all transmission assets are in service. Generation greater than 60 MW will require automatic controls to limit generation following some outages, to prevent circuits from overloading. 17.10.3 Inland Canterbury wind sites Wind maps show that inland Canterbury has good wind resources for wind generation, but most of the area is distant from significant transmission. There are two 66 kV IslingtonHororata circuits rated at 60/63 MVA, and two HororataColeridge circuits rated at 30/37 MVA (reconductoring a section of which increases this rating to 48/53 MVA). It is possible to connect over 100 MW of generation if connected directly to the Hororata 66 kV bus or up to approximately the rating of a single circuit if the generation is connected onto a circuit. Hundreds of megawatts of generation can be connected to the 220 kV Islington Kikiwa circuits north of Christchurch. The maximum generation depends on the location of the connection point, and the number of circuits it is connected to. There is some spare capacity south of Christchurch to connect generation into the 220 kV IslingtonLivingstone circuit. The primary purpose of this circuit is to supply loads in and north of Christchurch. Connecting too much generation to this circuit will overload it, and reduce the amount of load that can be supplied in and north of Christchurch. Approximately 400 MW can be connected (more if the circuit section from the Rangitata River to Islington is thermally upgraded).

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Chapter 18: South Canterbury Region

18

South Canterbury Regional Plan


18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 18.10 Regional overview South Canterbury transmission system South Canterbury demand South Canterbury generation South Canterbury significant maintenance work Future South Canterbury projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report South Canterbury transmission capability Other regional items of interest South Canterbury generation proposals and opportunities

18.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the South Canterbury regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 18-1: South Canterbury region

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Chapter 18: South Canterbury Region

The South Canterbury region includes Timaru and Oamaru (both predominantly service centres for the surrounding region) and agricultural industries (Bells Point, Black Point, Studholme, Temuka, and Waitaki). We have assessed the South Canterbury regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

18.2

South Canterbury transmission system


This section highlights the state of the South Canterbury regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 18-1 and schematically in Figure 18-2.
Figure 18-2: South Canterbury transmission schematic
CANTERBURY
Islington Ashburton

33 kV

Tekapo A
110 kV 11 kV

220 kV

Temuka
110 kV 33 kV 110 kV 220 kV 110 kV 11 kV

Tekapo B Twizel
33 kV 220 kV 220 kV 11 kV

Albury

Ohau A Ohau B Ohau C


220 kV 220 kV 220 kV 11 kV

Timaru
* Note: Studholme split is 110 kV closed during peak dairy 11 kV season (October-April)

Waitaki

Black Point
110 kV 33 kV

Studholme

Bells Pond
110 kV KEY

Benmore
220 kV

Glenavy
220 kV

220kV CIRCUIT 110kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS

Aviemore Livingstone
Cromwell Naseby 220 kV 110 kV

TRANSFORMER TEE POINT LOAD CAPACITOR GENERATOR

OTAGO - SOUTHLAND Oamaru

33 kV

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18.2.1 Transmission into the region Several major 220 kV lines serve the South Canterbury region, connecting it to Christchurch and the upper South Island to the north, and the Otago Southland region to the south. This region contributes a major portion of the generation in the South Island, feeding the 220 kV transmission network from the Tekapo, Ohau, and Waitaki Valley generation stations. Peak load in the region (approximately 150 MW in 2011) is approximately 10% of the regions generation capacity, so the need for transmission capacity into the region is driven by generation export requirements, and the need to transfer power from the lower South Island to the upper South Island. 18.2.2 Transmission within the region The South Canterbury regional transmission network comprises 220 kV and 110 kV transmission circuits, with interconnecting transformers at Timaru and Waitaki. All significant loads in the South Canterbury region are supplied via the 110 kV transmission network running up the east coast from Oamaru to Temuka. The 110 kV transmission network is normally split at Studholme, but this split is closed during the peak dairy season (October-April) to increase the supply security. The split creates two radial feeds incorporating the: Timaru 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer banks supplying Timaru, Albury, Tekapo A and Temuka, and Waitaki 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer banks supplying Studholme, Bells Pond, Black Point, and Oamaru. Up to 25 MW of generation is injected directly into the 110 kV transmission network from Tekapo A. Much of the 110 kV transmission network is reaching its capacity, as are the interconnecting transformers at Timaru. This is mainly due to growth associated with the dairy industry, and irrigation in particular. We have a number of investigations and projects planned or underway to support the demand growth and supply security in the South Canterbury region. These include: the Lower Waitaki Reliability project, upgrading supply security to the area between the Waitaki, Oamaru and Studholme grid exit points, and supply security upgrades at Timaru and Temuka. 18.2.3 Longer-term development path The investigations underway include long-term development plans for the area. This is likely to include new 220 kV connections to offload the highly loaded 110 kV transmission network. Some demand response may be appropriate to allow the economic connection of large rural loads such as irrigation.

18.3

South Canterbury demand


The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the South Canterbury region is forecast to grow on average by 3.4% annually over the next 15 years, from 194 MW in 2012 to 303 MW by 2027. This is higher than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually.

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Figure 18-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 150 demand (after diversity ) for the South Canterbury region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.
Figure 18-3: South Canterbury region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Load (MW) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100

South Canterbury

2011 APR Forecast 50 0 1997 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 18-1 lists forecast peak demand (prudent growth) for each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 18-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at South Canterbury grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Albury Bells Pond
1

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2013 4 8 20 46 0 18 6 68 72 6 7 2014 4 17 21 62 0 25 6 70 81 6 7 2015 4 17 22 65 0 26 7 73 81 6 11 2016 4 17 23 68 0 28 7 75 82 7 11 2017 4 17 23 69 35 33 7 78 82 7 11 2019 5 17 24 73 45 36 8 87 83 7 17 4 8 12 44 0 17 6 65 71 6 7 5-15 years out 2021 5 17 24 75 45 38 9 92 84 7 17 2023 5 17 24 77 45 38 9 97 85 7 22 2025 5 17 24 78 45 39 9 102 86 8 22 2027 5 17 24 80 45 39 9 106 87 8 23

0.91 0.95 0.92 0.92


1

Black Point1 Oamaru


1

St Andrews Studholme Tekapo A Temuka Timaru2 Twizel Waitaki 1.


3

0.95 0.94 1.00 0.96 0.96 1.00 0.95

The customer and Covec (an independent consultant) provided the new load forecast. The forecast includes major new irrigation and manufacturing loads.

150

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Chapter 18: South Canterbury Region

Grid exit point

Power factor

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 5-15 years out 2023 2025 2027

2. 3.

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2021 The forecast includes step-change information provided by the customer.

The customer indicates an expected irrigation load increase in 2015, 2019, and 2023.

18.4

South Canterbury generation


The South Canterbury regions generation capacity is 1,746 MW. This represents a major portion of total South Island generation and significantly exceeds local demand. Surplus generation is exported via the National Grid to other demand centres in the South Island, and via the HVDC link to the North Island. Table 18-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point in the South Canterbury region for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations including those embedded within the relevant local lines companys network (either Network Waitaki or Alpine 151 Energy). No new generation is known to be committed in the South Canterbury region for the forecast period.
Table 18-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at South Canterbury grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) Albury (Opuha) Aviemore Benmore Ohau A Ohau B Ohau C Tekapo A Tekapo B Waitaki Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2012 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 2013 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 2014 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 2015 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 2016 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 2017 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 2019 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 5-15 years out 2021 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 2023 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 2025 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 2027 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105

18.5

South Canterbury significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 18-3 lists the 152 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the South Canterbury region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.
Table 18-3: Proposed significant maintenance work
Description Albury supply transformer expected end-of-life Tentative year 2016-2018 Related system issues No n-1 security at Albury. Future investment will be customer driven. See Section 18.8.5 for more information.

151

152

Only generators with capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt. This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Description Studholme supply transformer expected end-of-life Studholme 11 kV switchboard replacement Timaru 110 kV bus rationalisation and bus protection upgrade Timaru supply transformers T2 and T3 expected end-of-life Twizel 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Waitaki interconnecting transformers expected end-oflife

Tentative year 2014-2016 2014-2016 2012-2015

Related system issues Load at Studholme exceeds the supply transformers n-1 capacity. See Section 18.8.11 for more information. The switchboard needs to be replaced with new supply transformers. The 110 kV rationalisation and protection work needs to be coordinated with the supply and interconnecting transformer development work at Timaru. See Sections 18.8.2 and 18.8.14 for more information. The load at Timaru exceeds the supply transformers n-1 capacity. See Section 18.8.14 for more information. No system issues are identified within the forecast period. The options to replace the interconnecting transformers are related to the Lower Waitaki Valley Reliability project. See Sections 18.8.1 and 18.8.4 for more information.

2017-2019 2018-2020 2015-2019

18.6

Future South Canterbury projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 18-4 lists projects to be carried out in the South Canterbury region within the next 15 years. Figure 18-4 shows the possible configuration of South Canterbury transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 18-4: Projects in the South Canterbury region up to 2027
Site Albury BenmoreTwizel Geraldine Oamaru Studholme St Andrews Tekapo A TemukaTimaru Temuka Timaru Projects Replace supply transformer. Upgrade circuit thermal capacity (see Chapter 6, Section 6.6.3 for more information). New switching station (see Chapter 6, Section 6.6.1 for more information). Upgrade supply transformer branch limiting components. Replace existing supply transformers with higher-rated units. Replace 11 kV switchboard. New grid exit point. Resolve protection limits on 11/33 kV supply transformer. Upgrade circuit thermal capacity. Install a new supply transformer. Install a 110 kV bus coupler and upgrade 110 kV bus protection. Rationalise 110 kV bus. Install additional interconnecting transformer(s). Upgrade supply transformer capacity. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to indoor. Replace interconnecting transformers. Install a second 11/33 kV supply transformer. Upgrade 11/33 kV supply transformer. Replace the following circuits with duplex conductor: 220 kV AviemoreBenmore 1 and 2 circuits. 220 kV AviemoreWaitakiLivingstone 1 circuits. 220 kV LivingstoneNasebyRoxburgh 1 circuits. 220 kV ClydeRoxburgh 1 and 2 circuits (Otago-Southland region). Status Base Capex Possible Possible Possible Possible Base Capex Possible Base Capex Possible Possible Possible Base Capex Possible Possible Base Capex Base Capex Possible Possible Committed

Twizel Waitaki

Clutha-Upper Waitaki Line Project

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Chapter 18: South Canterbury Region

Site

Projects Thermal upgrade the 220 kV CromwellTwizel 1 and 2 circuits. (See Chapter 6, Section 6.6.3 for more information).

Status

Lower Waitaki Valley Reliability Project

Possible options include the following. Build a new 110 kV line between Livingstone and Oamaru, Build a new 110 kV Glenavy switching station. Reconductor/thermally upgrade the 110 kV circuits between Waitaki, Oamaru and Timaru. Install capacitors at Oamaru.

Possible

Figure 18-4: Possible South Canterbury transmission configuration in 2027


CANTERBURY
Islington Ashburton

33 kV

Tekapo A

*
110 kV

11 kV

220 kV 220 kV

Geraldine
110 kV

Temuka
33 kV 110 kV

Tekapo B
11 kV

33 kV Twizel 220 kV

Albury St Andrews
220 kV

220 kV 110 kV 11 kV

Timaru
110 kV 11 kV

Ohau A
220 kV

11 kV

Ohau B Waitaki
220 kV 11 kV 33 kV

Ohau C

Black Point
110 kV

**

Studholme
KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

220 kV 220 kV

110 kV

Bells Pond Glenavy

Benmore
220 kV

220 kV

** 110 kV

Aviemore Livingstone
Cromwell Naseby 220 kV 110 kV ** 33 kV

* *

MINOR UPGRADE

** This diagram shows several

110 kV

possible upgrade paths for the South Canterbury region.

Oamaru

OTAGO - SOUTHLAND

18.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 18-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 18-5: Changes since 2011
Issues Albury supply transformer capacity. Tekapo A transformer capacity Change New issue. New issue.

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Chapter 18: South Canterbury Region

18.8

South Canterbury transmission capability


Table 18-6 summarises issues involving the South Canterbury region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.
Table 18-6: South Canterbury region transmission issues
Section number Regional 18.8.1 18.8.2 18.8.3 18.8.4 OamaruWaitaki voltage quality and transmission security Timaru interconnecting transformer capacity Timaru 110 kV transmission security Waitaki 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer capacity Issue

Site by grid exit point 18.8.5 18.8.6 18.8.7 18.8.8 18.8.9 18.8.10 18.8.11 18.8.12 18.8.13 18.8.14 18.8.15 Albury single supply security and supply transformer capacity Albury and Tekapo A transmission security Bells Pond single supply security Black Point single supply security Oamaru supply transformer capacity Studholme single supply security Studholme supply transformer capacity Tekapo A supply security and supply transformer capacity Temuka transmission security and supply transformer capacity Timaru supply transformer capacity Waitaki single supply security and supply transformer capacity

18.8.1 OamaruWaitaki voltage quality and transmission security


Project context: Project reference: Project status/purpose: Lower Waitaki Valley Reliability Reactive support: OAM-C_BANKS-DEV-01 Upgrade transmission capacity: LWTK-TRAN-DEV-01 Reactive support: possible, customer-specific Upgrade transmission capacity: possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid) Reactive support: Between 2012 and 2017 Upgrade transmission capacity: post 2012 Reactive support: A Upgrade transmission capacity: C

Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Issue Two 110 kV circuits from Waitaki supply the Oamaru, Black Point, Bells Pond, and Studholme grid exit points, which include the: OamaruBlack PointWaitaki 1 circuit (which supplies Black Point via a tee connection), and OamaruStudholmeBells PondWaitaki 2 circuit (which supplies the Bells Pond and Studholme loads from tee connections). The underlying load growth forecast for this area is considerably higher than the national average. The growth is mainly due to irrigation and dairy industry. There is also a possible major new industrial load at Oamaru.

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Voltage The load at these four grid exit points peaks in summer. The voltage at the Oamaru 110 kV bus can fall below 0.9 pu with the loss of the: OamaruBlack PointWaitaki circuit, or OamaruStudholmeBells PondWaitaki circuit. There is also a voltage quality issue with a large voltage step immediately following the outage of either circuit. There are no steady state voltage problems at Oamaru 33 kV, due to the range of the supply transformer on-load tap changers. In the medium-term, there are voltage stability issues. These may occur from: 2014 if the large industrial load connects at Oamaru, or 2017 with underlying Oamaru load growth but no additional step load at Oamaru. Overloading Thermal overloads occur by: summer 2012 on one GlenavyOamaru circuit section following an outage of the parallel circuit summer 2012 on the Bells PondWaitaki section during an outage of the OamaruBlack PointWaitaki circuit or any of the TwizelTimaruAshburton circuits, and summer 2012 on the Black PointWaitaki section during an outage of the OamaruStudholmeBells PondWaitaki circuit. Solution We are investigating a range of short-term options. The solution may include one or more of the following: load management at the Oamaru and Waitaki Valley grid exit points implementing system splits installing reactive support at Oamaru post-contingency load shedding at Oamaru, and implementing variable line ratings. Having a Wider Voltage Agreement at 110 kV buses may be appropriate in the short term. In the medium term, the voltage issues at Oamaru can be resolved by installing approximately 30 Mvar of reactive support at Oamaru. This also provides approximately 7 MW additional capacity on the GlenavyOamaru circuits. We are discussing the preferred options with the local lines companies (Network Waitaki and Alpine Energy). Additional reactive support will be required in the longer-term, however, the reactive supports size and the location will depend on the development undertaken to resolve the capacity issue. A range of long-term options is being investigated to resolve the capacity issue, including: establishing a new switching station at Glenavy reconductoring and thermally upgrading the existing 110 kV circuits, and/or building a new 110 kV LivingstoneOamaru line, or a new grid exit point supplying load in the Ngapara area west of Oamaru. A major driver of the transmission upgrade is the possible major new industrial load at Oamaru. We do not expect to propose major upgrades in the short-term, unless this load becomes committed.

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Easements may be required for the line upgrade work, and will be required for any new lines. 18.8.2 Timaru interconnecting transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Load shifting: See Section 18.8.14 Interconnecting transformer capacity: TIM-POW_TFR-EHMT-02 Load shifting: See Section 18.8.14 Interconnecting transformer capacity: possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid). We anticipate seeking approval from the Commerce Commission in third quarter of 2012. Interconnecting transformer capacity: to be advised Interconnecting transformer capacity: C

Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Issue Two 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers at Timaru supply the loads at Timaru, Temuka, Albury and Tekapo A, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 240 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 122/125 MVA
153

(summer/winter).

An outage of one transformer may cause the other transformer to exceed its n-1 capacity from 2012, if Tekapo A is not generating. In addition, some development options for the Lower Waitaki Valley area may increase the loading on these transformers, one of which is supplying Studholme from Timaru instead of Waitaki (see Sections 18.8.1 and 18.8.10). Solution The options to address this issue include one or more of the following: peak load management or load shedding 110 kV reactive support to reduce reactive power flow through the Timaru interconnecting transformers shifting the Timaru supply bus load from the 110 kV to the 220 kV side of the Timaru interconnecting transformers (see also Section 18.8.14), and increasing installed capacity using one of several possible configurations of the existing and new interconnecting transformers. 18.8.3 Timaru 110 kV transmission security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: TIM-BUSC-DEV-01 Possible, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (not core grid) 2013-2014 A

Issue The Timaru 110 kV bus supplies the entire loads at Timaru and Temuka, and connects directly to Albury and Tekapo A via a single 110 kV circuit. At present, a 110 kV bus fault at Timaru will cause a total loss of supply to substations at Timaru and Temuka, disconnect Tekapo A and Albury from the Grid, and possibly cause an outage at Studholme (depending on the status of the Studholme split). Solution We will investigate the economic benefit of installing a 110 kV bus coupler at Timaru, to provide n-1 protection for 110 kV bus faults.
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The transformers winter capacity is limited by protection equipment; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 122/127 MVA (summer/winter).

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18.8.4 Waitaki 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: WTK-POW_TFR-REPL-01 Base Capex, replacement 2014-2019 B

Issue Two 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers (T23 and T24) at Waitaki supply the Waitaki 110 kV loads at Black Point, Bells Pond, Oamaru, and Studholme, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 130 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 80/85 MVA (summer/winter). The loading on the two transformers is unequal because of the system configuration (no 110 kV bus at Waitaki and only Oamaru is connected to both circuits). These transformers have a higher capacity than the circuits they supply, so they are not the first constraint. However, under some upgrade scenarios the capacity of the 110 kV WaitakiOamaru circuits (as well as the load placed on them) will exceed the interconnecting transformers n-1 capacity. In addition, the tap changers on these transformers are unable to be operated due to their condition. This exacerbates voltage issues on the Lower Waitaki 110 kV transmission system (see Section 18.8.1). Solution These transformers have an expected end-of-life within the next 10 years. The need to increase the interconnection capacity in conjunction with the necessary maintenance work will depend on the preferred option from the Lower Waitaki Valley Reliability investigation (see Section 18.8.1). 18.8.5 Albury single supply security and supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 110/11 kV, 5 MVA transformer supplies load at Albury resulting in no n-1 security. In addition, Albury is connected to embedded generation at Opuha, which may export power to the National Grid during periods of low demand. The peak load at Albury is forecast to exceed the transformers summer capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2023, only increasing slightly until 2027 (see Table 18-7).
Table 18-7: Albury supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Albury 0.91 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 0 5-15 years out 2021 0 2023 1 2025 1 2027 1

Solution Alpine Energy can supply Alburys load from Timaru after a short loss of supply, and considers the issue can be managed operationally for the forecast period. Future investment will be customer driven.

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An additional consideration is that this supply transformer has an expected end-of-life within the next 10 years. We will discuss options with Alpine Energy for increasing supply security and coordinating outages to minimise supply interruptions when replacing this transformer. 18.8.6 Albury and Tekapo A transmission security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 110 kV Tekapo AAlburyTimaru circuit connects Tekapo A, Albury, and Opuha to the National Grid. If the circuit trips, demand located at Albury and Tekapo A will lose supply, and generation located at Tekapo A and Opuha will disconnect from the National Grid. Solution Albury and Tekapo A demand may be restored by local Opuha and Tekapo A generation. Alpine Energy considers the issue can be managed operationally for the forecast period. Future investment will be customer driven. 18.8.7 Bells Pond single supply security
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: BPD-BUSC-DEV-01 Possible, customer-specific To be advised To be advised

Issue Bells Pond has a single 110 kV circuit connected to an OamaruWaitaki circuit, resulting in no n-1 security. Solution Alpine Energy has requested a higher security level. We are discussing possible options with Alpine Energy, which include: building a 110 kV bus at Bells Pond connection to the other 110 kV OamaruWaitaki circuit, and a new grid exit point connected to the IslingtonLivingstone circuit. 18.8.8 Black Point single supply security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Black Point has a single 110 kV circuit connected to an OamaruWaitaki circuit, resulting in no n-1 security. Solution Network Waitaki has not requested a higher security level and there are currently no plans to increase supply security at this grid exit point. Future investment will be customer driven. 18.8.9 Oamaru supply transformer capacity
Project reference: OAM-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

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Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Base Capex, minor enhancement 2013 A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Oamarus load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 120 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 62/62 MVA
154

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Oamaru is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 12 MW in 2014, increasing to approximately 30 MW in 2027 (see Table 18-8).
Table 18-8: Oamaru supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Oamaru 0.92 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 12 2015 15 2016 2017 18 19 2019 23 5-15 years out 2021 25 2023 27 2025 28 2027 30

Solution The 110 kV circuits supplying these transformers have a lower capacity than the transformers (see Section 18.8.1). Therefore, the transformers are not the first constraint on Oamaru load. Resolving the protection limits will provide sufficient n-1 capacity until 2016. Future investment will be customer driven. 18.8.10 Studholme single supply security
Project status/purpose: See Section 18.8.1 for more information

Issue The StudholmeTimaru circuit is split during the off-peak dairy season (May to September), and Studholme is supplied by the OamaruStudholmeBells Pond Waitaki circuit. This reduces losses that occur when power flows through the 110 kV system from Waitaki to Timaru. In the event of a fault on the OamaruStudholme Bells PondWaitaki circuit, the supply automatically transfers to the Studholme Timaru line. This results in approximately 25 seconds loss of supply at Studholme before the switching occurs. However, a brief loss of supply to the local dairy factory at Studholme can cause significant economic losses, so the split is closed during the peak dairy season (October to April). As load increases in the Lower Waitaki area, closing the split will create overloading issues on the WaitakiBells Pond section of the OamaruStudholmeBells Pond Waitaki circuit. We expect to be unable to close the split during peak summer load periods from 2014. Solution We are investigating options to increase supply security at Studholme. The long-term solution will be part of the Lower Waitaki Reliability project (see Section 18.8.1).

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The transformers capacity is limited by protection equipment limits, followed by the circuit breaker (71 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 72/76 MVA (summer/winter).

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18.8.11 Studholme supply transformer capacity


Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: STU-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific Upgrade transformer capacity: 2014 (subject to Alpine Energy agreement) New grid exit point: to be advised Upgrade transformer capacity: B New grid exit point: C

Issue Two 110/11 kV transformers supply Studholmes load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 20 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 11/12 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Studholme already exceeds the transformers n-1 summer capacity, and the overload is forecast to increase to approximately 74 MW in 2027 (see Table 18-9). However, part of this increase is due to a single load from a proposed irrigation scheme in 2017. This may be supplied from a new grid exit point in the area north of Studholme.
Table 18-9: Studholme supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Studholme 0.94 7 2013 8 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 15 2015 16 2016 2017 17 58 2019 71 5-15 years out 2021 73 2023 73 2025 74 2027 74

Studholme has an unusual 110 kV bus arrangement, where the two transformers have no dedicated 110 kV circuit breakers. This means that both supply transformers will be tripped to clear a transformer fault, causing a loss of supply at Studholme. Supply can be restored after the faulted transformer is disconnected. Solution We are discussing possible solutions with Alpine Energy, which include: replacing the existing transformers with higher-rated units, and building a new grid exit point north of Studholme near St Andrews (if the new irrigation load is committed) on the 220 kV IslingtonLivingstone circuit, and transferring some of the Studholme load. Acquisition of substation land will be required for establishing a new grid exit point. An additional consideration is that both Studholme supply transformers are approaching their expected end-of-life within the next five years. If an agreement to proceed with the transformer upgrade has not been made prior to the need for replacement, we will discuss the transformer capacity upgrade project with Alpine Energy in conjunction with the replacement work. 18.8.12 Tekapo A supply security and supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 110/11 kV, 35 MVA transformer in series with a single 11/33 kV, 10 MVA transformer supplies load at Tekapo resulting in no n-1 security.
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The transformers protection limit of 7 MVA and metering equipment limit of 8 MVA prevent the full nominal installed capacity being available.

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The peak load at Tekapo A is forecast to exceed the transformers winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2019, increasing to approximately 2 MW in 2027 (see Table 18-10).
Table 18-10: Tekapo A supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Tekapo A 1.00 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 1 5-15 years out 2021 1 2023 2 2025 2 2027 2

Solution Alpine Energy considers the issue can be managed operationally for the forecast period. Resolving the protection limits will provide sufficient capacity for the duration of the forecast period. Future investment will be customer driven. 18.8.13 Temuka transmission security and supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Additional transformer: TMK-POW_TFR-DEV-02 Upgrade circuit capacity: TIM_TMK-TRAN-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific To be advised Additional transformer: B Upgrade circuit capacity: B

Issue Two 110 kV TimaruTemuka circuits, each rated at 70/77 MVA (summer/winter), supply the Temuka 33 kV load. An outage of one of these circuits will cause the other circuit to exceed its thermal capacity from 2012 during summer peak demand periods. Also, there is no 110 kV bus at Temuka. Therefore, a circuit outage will also result in the loss of the 110/33 kV supply transformer connected to this circuit. At Temuka, two 110/33 kV transformers supply the 33 kV load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 108 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 61/63 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Temuka is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 12 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 53 MW in 2027 (see Table 18-11).
Table 18-11: Temuka supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Temuka 0.96 12 2013 14 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 16 2015 19 2016 2017 21 24 2019 33 5-15 years out 2021 38 2023 43 2025 48 2027 53

Solution We are discussing options with Alpine Energy. A long-term solution involves: paralleling the existing transformers and installing a new 120 MVA transformer, and upgrading the 110 kV circuits between Timaru and Temuka, or a new connection to the 220 kV IslingtonWaitaki circuits, west of Temuka.

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The addition of a new transformer will not raise new property issues as it can be implemented within the existing substation boundary. However, upgrading the capacity of the 110 kV TemukaTimaru circuits may require easements. A long-term solution will depend on whether there is likely to be further growth at the Clandeboye dairy factory, which accounts for more than half the demand at this grid exit point. 18.8.14 Timaru supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: TIM-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific 2014 C

Issue Three 110/11 kV transformers supply Timarus load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 77 MVA (one 27 MVA and two 25 MVA), and n-1 capacity of 54/56 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Timaru already exceeds the transformers n-1 winter capacity, and the overload is forecast to increase to approximately 34 MW in 2027 (see Table 1812).
Table 18-12: Timaru supply transformer forecast overload
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Timaru 0.96 18 2013 19 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 28 2015 28 2016 2017 29 29 2019 30 5-15 years out 2021 31 2023 32 2025 33 2027 34

There is a non-contracted spare transformer unit on site, allowing possible replacement within 8-14 hours following a unit failure (if the spare unit is available). Alpine Energy can also transfer some load from Timaru following a transformer fault. Solution We are discussing the options with Alpine Energy, including: replacing the existing three 110/11 kV supply transformers with three 40 MVA units, and installing two 220/33 kV, 120 MVA supply transformers and a new 33 kV switchboard, and retaining some or all of the 110/11 kV transformers. The solution will also affect the loading on the Timaru interconnecting transformers (see Section 18.8.2), and these two issues need to be resolved together. An additional consideration is that Timaru supply transformers have an expected endof-life within the next 5-10 years. We will discuss options with Alpine Energy for increasing supply security at Timaru. No property issues are anticipated, as it is likely that either option can be implemented within the existing substation boundary. 18.8.15 Waitaki single supply security and supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: WTK-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific Install a second supply transformer: to be advised Increase transformer capacity by adding fans and pumps: 2014 Install a second supply transformer: A

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Increase transformer capacity by adding fans and pumps: A

Issue A single 11/33 kV, 5.5 MVA transformer supplies load at Waitaki resulting in no n-1 security. Network Waitaki can supply some of the Waitaki load from Twizel after a short loss of supply. However, the peak Waitaki load is forecast to exceed the continuous supply transformer capacity by approximately 2 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 18 MW in 2027 (see Table 18-13). Network Waitaki has requested options for security and capacity enhancements.
Table 18-13: Waitaki supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Waitaki 0.95 2 2013 2 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2 2015 6 2016 2017 6 7 2019 12 5-15 years out 2021 12 2023 17 2025 18 2027 18

Solution We are investigating options with Network Waitaki to increase capacity and security of supply in the area. A possible solution to increase the security of supply involves installing a second supply transformer. Possible options to resolve the capacity issues include: transferring 2 MW of load to another grid exit point, delaying the issue until 2014, or increasing the capacity of the supply transformer.

18.9

Other regional items of interest


There are no other items of interest identified to date beyond those set out in Section 18.8. See Section 18.10 for more information about specific generation proposals relevant to this region.

18.10 South Canterbury generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. See our website for more 156 information about connecting generation. 18.10.1 North Bank project The proposed North Bank hydro project, located on the north bank of the Waitaki River, consists of two hydro generation stations with total generation capacity of approximately 265 MW. The proposed connection option is one generation station connecting to the 110 kV GlenavyWaitaki A line, and the other generation station connecting to the 220 kV
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http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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RoxburghIslington A line. It is likely that the Lower Waitaki Valley grid upgrade plan may have some effect on the generation dispatch for the power station connecting to the 110 kV line. At times, depending on the connection configuration, some generation may be constrained post-contingency. The generation connection configuration is yet to be finalised. 18.10.2 Wind generation There are no issues with connecting wind or other generation at existing substations within the Waitaki Valley at 220 kV. Connecting too much generation to one of the four circuits to Christchurch may cause it to overload and reduce the total amount of load that can be supplied across all four circuits. The maximum generation that can be connected varies with the point of connection and the circuit. Connections close to the Waitaki Valley enable the most generation, approximately equal to the circuit rating. The best case location and circuit will enable 400-700 MW of generation. The worst case location and circuit will not support the dispatch of generation. Unless the 110 kV Tekapo AAlburyTimaru circuit is upgraded, there is limited opportunity to connect new generation because of the existing generation at Tekapo A, and the Opuha generation embedded at Albury. The other 110 kV circuits in the South Canterbury region can support generation connections up to or slightly higher than the circuit rating.

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19

Otago-Southland Regional Plan


19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9 19.10 Regional overview Otago-Southland transmission system Otago-Southland demand Otago-Southland generation Otago-Southland significant maintenance work Future Otago-Southland projects summary and transmission configuration Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report Otago-Southland transmission capability Other regional items of interest Otago-Southland generation proposals and opportunities

19.1

Regional overview
This chapter details the Otago-Southland regional transmission plan. We base this regional plan on an assessment of available data, and welcome feedback to improve its value to all stakeholders.
Figure 19-1: Otago-Southland region

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The Otago-Southland region includes a mix of significant provincial cities (Dunedin and Invercargill) together with smaller rural localities (Queenstown and Wanaka), and the largest electricity consumer in New Zealand, Tiwai Point Aluminium Smelter. We have assessed the Otago-Southland regions transmission needs over the next 15 years while considering longer-term development opportunities. Specifically, the transmission network needs to be flexible to respond to a range of future service and technology possibilities, taking into consideration: the existing transmission network forecast demand forecast generation equipment replacement based on condition assessment, and possible technological development.

19.2

Otago-Southland transmission system


This section highlights the state of the Otago-Southland regional transmission network. The existing transmission network is set out geographically in Figure 19-1 and schematically in Figure 19-2.
Figure 19-2: Otago-Southland transmission schematic
SOUTH CANTERBURY
Twizel

Cromwell
220 kV

33 kV

Naseby

SOUTH CANTERBURY
Livingstone

33 kV

Frankton
33 kV 110 kV 220 kV 33 kV

220 kV

Palmerston
33 kV 110 kV

Clyde Roxburgh
220 kV

Manapouri

110 kV 110 kV

33 kV 220 kV

220 kV

Three Mile Hill


220 kV

Halfway Bush

220 kV 33 kV 110 kV 33 kV 33 kV 110 kV

South Dunedin

Gore Berwick Brydone


110 kV 33 kV KEY
220kV CIRCUIT 110kV CIRCUIT 33kV CIRCUIT SUBSTATION BUS TRANSFORMER 3 WDG TRANSFORMER TEE POINT LOAD

North Makarewa
220 kV

110 kV 11 kV 110 kV 33 kV

Balclutha

Edendale
220 kV 33 kV

Invercargill
220 kV

CAPACITOR GENERATOR

Tiwai

19.2.1 Transmission into the region There are issues with the transmission capacity to transfer power into or out of the Otago-Southland region. When Otago-Southland generation is high, transmission capacity from Roxburgh may constrain generation dispatch within the region for some outages. With low OtagoSouthland generation, the transmission capacity of the circuits from Twizel and

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Livingstone to Roxburgh may exceed their thermal ratings to supply the deficit power to the region. Under the Clutha-Upper Waitaki Lines Project (formerly known as Lower South Island Facilitating Renewables), we have committed to upgrading the ClydeRoxburgh and AviemoreWaitakiLivingstone circuits by 2014. By mid 2013, we will review the timing for the delivery of the remaining sections, namely: reconductoring the LivingstoneNasebyRoxburgh, AviemoreBenmore circuits, and thermally upgrading the CromwellTwizel circuits. See Chapter 6, Section 6.6.3 for more information. 19.2.2 Transmission within the region The transmission within the Otago-Southland region comprises 220 kV and 110 kV transmission circuits with interconnecting transformers located at Cromwell, Halfway Bush, Roxburgh and Invercargill. Capacitors are installed at North Makarewa to improve the system voltage and voltage stability performance. There are also capacitors on the supply bus at Brydone for power factor correction and system voltage. The region can be divided into four load centres. The Southland 220 kV region, comprising Tiwai, Invercargill, and North Makarewa substations, is predominantly supplied from Manapouri, or via the 220 kV InvercargillRoxburgh circuits at times of low Manapouri generation. The Dunedin region, comprising South Dunedin, Halfway Bush and Palmerston, is predominantly supplied via Three Mile Hill. The Southland 110 kV network is supplied via the three interconnecting transformers at Halfway Bush, Roxburgh, and Invercargill. The Central Otago area represents load supplied from Cromwell and Frankton via the Cromwell interconnecting transformers. The 110 kV transmission network within the Otago-Southland region predominantly comprises low-capacity circuits supplying the smaller centres within the region. Both capacity and voltage issues arise during outages. In addition, most of the transformers connected to the 110 kV transmission network are older, single-phase units, with an expected end-of-life within the next 20 years. We have committed to implementing the Lower South Island Reliability Project to increase the capacity of the 110 kV and 220 kV transmission network within the region. It addresses existing issues and provides the foundation for future upgrades when required. The project includes a new 220/110 kV interconnection at the Gore substation, replacing the Roxburgh 220/110 kV transformer with a higher rated unit, and a series capacitor on a North MakarewaThree Mile Hill circuit. See Chapter 6, Section 6.6.4 for more information. 19.2.3 Longer-term development path The Lower South Island Reliability Project addresses existing issues and provides the foundation for future upgrades when required, which will potentially include additional reactive support and increased line compensation.

19.3

Otago-Southland demand
The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the Otago-Southland region is forecast to grow on average by 0.8% annually over the next 15 years, from 1,107 MW

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in 2012 to 1,247 MW by 2027. This is lower than the national average demand growth of 1.7% annually. Figure 19-3 shows a comparison of the 2011 and 2012 forecast 15-year maximum 157 demand (after diversity ) for the Otago-Southland region. The forecasts are derived using historical data, and modified to account for customer information, where appropriate. The power factor at each grid exit point is also derived from historical data, and is used to calculate the real power capacity for power transformer and transmission line. See Chapter 4 for more information about demand forecasting.
Figure 19-3: Otago-Southland region after diversity maximum demand forecast

Otago-Southland
Load (MW) 1500

1400

1300

1200

1100

1000 2011 APR Forecast 900 2012 APR Forecast Actual Peak 800 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Table 19-1: lists forecast peak demand (prudent growth) for each grid exit point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report.
Table 19-1: Forecast annual peak demand (MW) at Otago-Southland grid exit points to 2027
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Balclutha Brydone
1

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2013 31 12 35 11 32 58 40 121 2014 32 12 37 11 33 60 61 123 2015 32 12 38 12 34 62 62 109 2016 33 12 40 12 38 64 82 111 2017 34 12 41 12 39 65 83 112 2019 35 12 44 13 41 69 84 116 31 12 34 11 31 57 34 120 5-15 years out 2021 36 12 46 13 44 72 86 119 2023 37 12 49 14 46 75 87 121 2025 39 12 52 14 48 79 88 124 2027 39 12 54 14 50 82 89 126

0.97 0.79 1.00 0.95


1

Cromwell Clyde Edendale Frankton Gore


1

0.98 0.99 0.97 0.99

Halfway Bush -1

157

The after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) for the region will be less than the sum of the individual grid exit point peak demands, as it takes into account the fact that the peak demand does not occur simultaneously at all the grid exit points in the region.

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Grid exit point

Power factor 2012 2013 113 105 34 58 10 78 640 2014 114 108 35 59 10 79 640

Peak demand (MW) Next 5 years 2015 115 110 35 61 11 96 645 2016 117 112 36 62 11 97 650 2017 118 114 37 63 11 98 655 2019 121 118 38 66 12 100 665 111 103 33 57 10 77 640 5-15 years out 2021 124 123 40 68 12 102 675 2023 126 127 41 70 12 104 685 2025 129 131 42 72 13 107 690 2027 131 136 43 73 13 109 690

Halfway Bush -2 Invercargill Naseby North Makarewa Palmerston South Dunedin Tiwai 1.

0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.99 0.97

Step-change information identified through customer discussions and from the Covec (an independent consultant) forecast study prior to publishing the 2011 Annual Planning Report. The forecast includes potential major new manufacturing loads.

19.4

Otago-Southland generation
The Otago-Southland regions generation capacity is 1,831 MW. This generation usually contributes a major portion of the total South Island generation and exceeds local demand. Surplus generation is exported over the National Grid to other demand centres in the South Island. Table 19-2 lists the generation forecast for each grid injection point for the forecast period, as required for the Grid Reliability Report. This includes all known and committed generation stations, including those embedded within the relevant local 159 lines companys network (PowerNet, OtagoNet, or Aurora).
Table 19-2: Forecast annual generation capacity (MW) at Otago-Southland grid injection points to 2027 (including existing and committed generation)
Grid injection point (location if embedded) 2012 Clyde Manapouri Roxburgh Balclutha (Mt. Stuart) Berwick/Halfway Bush (Waipori and Mahinerangi) Clyde (Fraser) Clyde (Horseshoe Bend hydro and wind) Clyde (Talla Burn) Clyde (Teviot and Kowhai) Cromwell (Roaring Meg) Frankton (Wye Creek) Halfway Bush (Deep Stream) 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 2013 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 2014 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2015 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 2016 2017 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 2019 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 5-15 years out 2021 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 2023 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 2025 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 2027 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5
158

158

159

This excludes the resource consent applications for the Clyde and Roxburgh generation station capacity increases. Only generators with a capacity greater than 1 MW are listed. Generation capacity is rounded to the nearest megawatt.

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Grid injection point (location if embedded) 2012 Naseby (Falls Dam) Naseby (Paerau) North Makarewa (Monowai) North Makarewa (White Hills) 1 10 7 58 2013 1 10 7 58 2014 1 10 7 58

Generation capacity (MW) Next 5 years 2015 1 10 7 58 2016 2017 1 10 7 58 1 10 7 58 2019 1 10 7 58 5-15 years out 2021 1 10 7 58 2023 1 10 7 58 2025 1 10 7 58 2027 1 10 7 58

19.5

Otago-Southland significant maintenance work


Our capital project and maintenance works are integrated to enable system issues to be resolved if possible when assets are replaced or refurbished. Table 19-3 lists the 160 significant maintenance-related work proposed for the Otago-Southland region for the next 15 years that may significantly impact related system issues or connected parties.
Table 19-3: Proposed significant maintenance work
Description Balclutha 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Edendale 110/33 kV supply transformers expected end-of-life Gore 110/33 kV supply transformers expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Halfway Bush interconnecting transformer expected end-of-life Halfway Bush 110/33 kV supply transformer expected end-of-life 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion 220/33 kV supply transformer expected end-of-life Invercargill interconnecting transformer expected end-of-life North Makarewa 220 kV capacitor bank replacement Naseby 220/33 kV supply transformers replacement and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Tentative year 2013-2015 Related system issues Addition of capacitors incorporated into the Lower South Island reliability Project will be installed at the same time. See Section 19.8.1 for more information. The forecast load at Edendale exceeds the transformer n-1 capacity from 2013. See Section 19.8.5 for more information. We will investigate the timing and rating of the replacement transformers. See Section 19.8.7 for more information. This work will be coordinated with the replacement of the supply transformers to minimize outages. The Halfway Bush load already exceeds the transformers n-1 capacity. The overloading issue is currently managed operationally. This work will be coordinated with the replacement of the interconnecting transformers. See Section 19.8.8 for more information. The transformer replacement is incorporated into the Lower South Island Reliability Project. See Section 19.8.1 for more information. Increasing the rating of the capacitor banks will be investigated as part of the replacement. See Section 19.8.1 for more information. The forecast load at Naseby exceeds the transformer n-1 capacity from 2014. We will investigate the timing and rating of the replacement transformers. See Section 19.8.10 for more information. No n-1 security at Palmerston. Discussion about future supply security at Palmerston is currently underway. See Section 19.8.12 for more information. We have committed to replace this transformer with a higher-rated unit as part of the Lower South Island Reliability Project. See Section 19.8.2 for more information.

2027-2029

2025-2027 2016-2018 2014-2016 2015-2017 2016-2017 2024-2026 2013-2015

2020-2022

2018-2020

Palmerston supply transformer expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion Roxburgh interconnecting transformer replacement

2016-2018

2012-2015

160

This may include replacement of the asset due to its condition assessment.

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Description South Dunedin 220/33 kV supply transformer expected end-of-life, and 33 kV outdoor to indoor conversion

Tentative year 2024-2026 2014-2015

Related system issues Resolving the metering and protection limits will solve the transformers n-1 capacity issue for the forecast period. See Section 19.8.14 for more information.

19.6

Future Otago-Southland projects summary and transmission configuration


Table 19-4 lists projects to be carried out in the Otago-Southland region within the next 15 years. Figure 19-4 shows the possible configuration of Otago-Southland transmission in 2027, with new assets, upgraded assets, and assets undergoing significant maintenance within the forecast period.
Table 19-4: Projects in the Otago-Southland region up to 2027
Site Balclutha Projects Upgrade supply transformer branch limiting components. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Install 33 kV capacitors. Increase 220 kV circuit capacities by duplexing the lines connecting Clyde and Roxburgh. Upgrade supply transformer branch limiting components. Thermally upgrade the circuits. Increase 220 kV circuit capacities by thermally upgrade the lines connecting Cromwell and Twizel. Upgrade cable on the supply transformers. Resolve protection and replace supply transformers. Upgrade supply transformer branch limiting components. Increase supply transformer capacities by adding pumps. Install two 220/110 kV interconnecting transformers. Replace supply transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace two 110/33 kV supply transformers with one 220/33 kV unit. Replace 220/33 kV supply transformer. Replace 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace 220/110 kV transformer with a higher-rated unit. Upgrade supply transformer metering equipment. Increase the 220 kV circuit capacity by duplexing the line connecting Livingstone and Naseby. Increase the 220 kV circuit capacity by duplexing the line connecting Naseby and Roxburgh. Replace supply transformers. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Install series capacitor on one of the North MakarewaThree Mile Hill circuits. Replace shunt capacitors. Replace 220/33 kV transformers with 220/66 kV units. Replace supply transformer. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Replace 220/110 kV transformer with a higher-rated unit. Upgrade supply transformer metering equipment. Replace 220/33 kV T1 supply transformer. Convert 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard. Status Base Capex Base Capex Committed Committed Base Capex Possible Committed Possible Base Capex Base Capex Possible Committed Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Possible Base Capex Committed Committed Base Capex Base Capex Committed Base Capex Possible Base Capex Base Capex Committed Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex

ClydeRoxburgh Cromwell Cromwell Frankton CromwellTwizel Edendale Frankton Gore

Halfway Bush

Invercargill Livingstone Naseby Naseby Roxburgh Naseby North Makarewa Three Mile Hill North Makarewa Palmerston Roxburgh South Dunedin

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Figure 19-4: Possible Otago-Southland transmission configuration in 2027


SOUTH CANTERBURY
Twizel

Cromwell

33 kV

Naseby

*
33 kV

220 kV

Livingstone

SOUTH CANTERBURY

Frankton
33 kV * 110 kV 220 kV 33 kV

220 kV

Palmerston
33 kV

Clyde Roxburgh
220 kV

110 kV

Manapouri

110 kV 110 kV 33 kV 220 kV

220 kV

Three Mile Hill


220 kV

Halfway Bush

*
220 kV 33 kV 110 kV

110 kV 66 kV 33 kV

South Dunedin

Gore Berwick

Brydone North Makarewa


220 kV 110kV 110 kV 11 kV 110 kV 33 kV

110 kV

KEY
NEW ASSETS UPGRADED ASSETS ASSETS SCHEDULED FOR REPLACEMENT

33 kV

*
220 kV

Balclutha

Edendale

MINOR UPGRADE

* 33 kV
220 kV

Invercargill

Tiwai

19.7

Changes since the 2011 Annual Planning Report


Table 19-5 lists the specific issues that are either new or no longer relevant within the forecast period when compared to last year's report.
Table 19-5: Changes Since 2011
Issues Balclutha supply transformer capacity Naseby supply transformer capacity Palmerston supply transformer capacity Change New issue. New issue. New issue.

19.8

Otago-Southland transmission capability


Table 19-6 summarises issues involving the Otago-Southland region for the next 15 years. For more information about a particular issue, refer to the listed section number.
Table 19-6: Otago-Southland region transmission issues
Section number Regional 19.8.1 19.8.2 Southland transmission capacity and low voltage Roxburgh interconnecting transformer capacity Issue

Site by grid exit point 19.8.3 Balclutha supply transformer capacity

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Section number 19.8.4 19.8.5 19.8.6 19.8.7 19.8.8 19.8.9 19.8.10 19.8.11 19.8.12 19.8.13 19.8.14 19.8.15

Issue Cromwell supply transformer capacity Edendale supply transformer capacity Frankton transmission and supply security Gore supply transformer capacity Halfway Bush supply transformer capacity Invercargill supply transformer capacity Naseby supply transformer capacity North Makarewa supply transformer capacity Palmerston supply security and supply transformer capacity Palmerston transmission security South Dunedin supply transformer capacity Waipori transmission security

19.8.1 Southland transmission capacity and low voltage


Project context: Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: Lower South Island Reliability STLD-TRAN-EHMT-01 Committed, to meet the Grid Reliability Standard (core grid) 2012-2015 E

Issue The 220 kV Southland transmission network forms a geographical triangle linking the substations at Roxburgh, Halfway Bush and Invercargill. At each corner of this triangle, a 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer supplies the 110 kV network. The 110 kV network features a similar geographical triangle between Roxburgh, Halfway Bush, and Gore, with a single 110 kV circuit from Gore to Brydone, Edendale, and Invercargill. This configuration can result in 110 kV network overloading and low voltages. At the times when Manapouri generation is low, the 220 kV network may also overload. Overloading Some of the Southland 110 kV circuits and/or interconnecting transformers may overload for an outage of: some of the Southland 110 kV circuits one of the 220 kV InvercargillRoxburgh circuits, or one of the 220 kV RoxburghThree Mile Hill circuits. A 220 kV InvercargillRoxburgh circuit may also overload for an outage of the parallel circuit. The severity of these overloads depends on Roxburgh, Manapouri, and Waipori generation at the time of the outage. Low voltages An outage of some of the Southland transmission circuits or interconnecting transformers may result in low voltages at Palmerston, Halfway Bush, Balclutha, Gore, and Edendale.

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An outage of the 110 kV BalcluthaBerwickHalfway Bush circuit may result in low voltage at Balclutha and Gore. Solution The overloading issues can be managed operationally by regulating the amount of generation at Manapouri, Waipori and Roxburgh. The extent to which generation may need to be regulated will depend on the generation dispatched in the South Island at the time. In addition, some load can be transferred from the Halfway Bush 110 kV bus to the 220 kV bus, and some low voltage problems can be resolved using the existing transformer off-load tap changers. We have committed to implementing the Lower South Island Reliability Project to increase the transmission capacity between Roxburgh and Invercargill. The development plans include the following. Install Special Protection Schemes to allow sufficient build time. Replace the existing Roxburgh 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer with a 150 MVA unit (see also Section 19.8.2). Replace the existing Invercargill 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer with a 100 MVA unit. Install shunt capacitors for reactive support at Balclutha. Install a new 220/110 kV interconnection point comprising two 220/110 kV transformers at Gore, and a two kilometre 220 kV double-circuit line connected from the Gore substation to the 220 kV North MakarewaThree Mile Hill line. Install a series capacitor on one of the North MakarewaThree Mile Hill 161 circuits. 19.8.2 Roxburgh interconnecting transformer capacity
Project context: This project forms part of Lower South Island Reliability Project. See Section 19.8.1

Issue The loading on the 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer at Roxburgh mainly depends on generation levels at the Roxburgh 110 kV bus, and the load supplied by the Southland 110 kV transmission network. During low generation on the Roxburgh 110 kV bus, the Roxburgh interconnecting transformer may overload with an outage of: the 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer at Halfway Bush the 110 kV BalcluthaBerwick circuit one of the 220 kV InvercargillRoxburgh circuits, or one of the 220 kV RoxburghThree Mile Hill circuits. The Roxburgh interconnecting transformer may also overload following an outage for some instances of high generation on the Roxburgh 110 kV bus. Solution The interim solution is to operationally manage the loading on the interconnecting transformer by regulating the generation on the Roxburgh 110 kV bus to prevent the interconnecting transformers overload. The extent of the interconnecting transformer overload depends on the generation dispatched in the South Island at the time.

161

We are reviewing the appropriate timing of the series capacitor. A decision is expected by the end of 2012 with tentative commissioning by 2016.

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We have committed to replace the Roxburgh interconnecting transformer with a 150 MVA unit. This longer-term solution forms part of the Lower South Island Reliability Project. 19.8.3 Balclutha supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: BAL-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 Upgrade protection: Base Capex, minor enhancement 2012-2013 A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Balcluthas load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 31/31 MVA
162

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Balclutha is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 3 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 11 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-7).
Table 19-7: Balclutha supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Balclutha 0.97 3 2013 3 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 4 2015 4 2016 2017 5 6 2019 7 5-15 years out 2021 8 2023 9 2025 10 2027 11

Solution The overloading issues can be managed operationally, but we will study the possibility of resolving the protection limit, which will solve the issue until 2014. The installation of new capacitors at 33 kV (as part of the Lower South Island Reliability Project) will release some additional capacity. This work is planned for 2013-2015 in coordination with the 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard conversion, which could remove some of the other transformer branch limiting components. 19.8.4 Cromwell supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: CML-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2019 A

Issue Two 220/110/33 kV transformers (rated at 73 MVA 33 kV loads, with: n-1 capacity of 41/41 MVA
164 163

and 50 MVA) supply Cromwells

a total nominal installed capacity of 123 MVA, and (summer/winter).

162

163

164

The transformers capacity is limited by the protection limit, followed by the metering limit of 34 MVA, and circuit breaker limit of 37 MVA; with these limits resolved the n-1 capacity will be 37/39 MVA (summer/winter). This is a bank of two transformers connected in parallel, and operated as a single unit, with the 33 kV transformer windings providing a combined nominal installed capacity of 73 MVA. The transformers capacity is limited by the protection limit, followed by the current transformer, circuit breaker and disconnector limit of 46 MVA, and a bus section limit of 50 MVA; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 65/68 MVA (summer/winter).

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The peak load at Cromwell is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 3 MW in 2019, increasing to approximately 13 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-8).
Table 19-8: Cromwell supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Cromwell 1.0 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 3 5-15 years out 2021 5 2023 8 2025 11 2027 13

Solution Resolving the protection limit will provide sufficient n-1 capacity until 2020. Upgrading other transformer branch limiting components will resolve the issue for the forecast period and beyond. Future investment will be customer driven. 19.8.5 Edendale supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Upgrade protection and transformer capacity: EDN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Upgrade cable: EDN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Upgrade protection/transformer capacity: Base Capex, minor enhancement/replacement Upgrade cable: possible, customer-specific Upgrade cable and protection: 2012 Upgrade transformer capacity: 2017 Upgrade cable and protection: A Upgrade transformer capacity: B

Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Edendales load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 32/32 MVA
165

(summer/winter).

The peak load at Edendale is forecast to exceed the n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2013, increasing to approximately 17 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-9).
Table 19-9: Edendale supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Edendale 0.98 0 2013 1 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 2 2015 3 2016 2017 4 5 2019 8 5-15 years out 2021 10 2023 12 2025 15 2027 17

Solution Resolving the cable and protection limits will provide sufficient n-1 capacity until 2017. We will discuss future supply options with PowerNet, including: operational management by transferring or limiting the load to within the capability of the supply transformer, or replacing the existing transformers with two higher-rated units. In addition, both supply transformers at Edendale have an expected end-of-life at the end of the forecast period. We will discuss the rating and timing for the replacement transformers with PowerNet. Future investment will be customer driven.
165

The transformers capacity is limited by the cable and protection limit; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 34/36 MVA (summer/winter).

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19.8.6 Frankton transmission and supply security


Project reference: Upgrade protection and metering: FKN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Upgrade line thermal capacity: CML_FKN-TRAN-EHMT-01 Upgrade transformer capacity: FKN-POW_TFR-EHMT-02 Upgrade protection and metering: Base Capex, minor enhancement Upgrade line and transformer capacities: possible, customer-specific Upgrade line thermal capacity: 2019 Upgrade protection and metering, and transformer capacity: 2022 Upgrade line thermal capacity: to be advised Upgrade protection and metering: A Upgrade transformer capacity: A

Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band:

Issue Two 110 kV CromwellFrankton circuits supply Franktons load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 127/155 MVA (summer/winter), and n-1 capacity of 63/76 MVA
166

(summer/winter).
167

Two 110/33 kV transformers (rated at 66 MVA load, providing: n-1 capacity of 80/80 MVA
168

and 85 MVA) supply Franktons

a total nominal installed capacity of 151 MVA, and (summer/winter).

There is no 110 kV bus at Frankton. A fault on either a circuit or Frankton supply transformer will cause both the circuit and supply transformer to be taken out of service. The peak load at Frankton is forecast to exceed the circuits n-1 winter thermal capacity from approximately 2019, and the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2023, increasing to approximately 8 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-10).
Table 19-10: Frankton supply transformer and CromwellFrankton circuit overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 2013 Frankton supply transformer Cromwell Frankton circuits 0.99 0.99 0 0 0 0 Transformer/circuit overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 0 2015 0 0 2016 2017 0 0 0 0 2019 0 2 5-15 years out 2021 0 5 2023 1 8 2025 4 12 2027 8 15

Solution We will discuss future supply options with Aurora closer to the time the issue arises. Possible options are: thermally upgrading the CromwellFrankton circuits resolving the protection limit and recalibrating metering parameters on the newly commissioned transformer at Frankton, and increasing the thermal capacity of the two older supply transformers by adding pumps.
166

167

168

The circuits capacity is limited by a line trap; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 63/77 MVA (summer/winter). This is a bank of two transformers connected in parallel, and operated as a single unit, providing a total nominal installed capacity of 66 MVA. The transformers capacity is limited by the protection limit, followed by the metering (82 MVA) and LV cable (90 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 113/119 MVA (summer/winter).

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Easements on some small parts of the line may be required for the thermal upgrade work. Future investment will be customer driven. 19.8.7 Gore supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: GOR-POW_TFR-REPL-01 Base Capex, replacement 2014 Replace transformers with higher-rated units: A

Issue Two 110/33 kV transformers supply Gores load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 60 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 37/39 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Gore is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 19 MW in 2014, increasing to approximately 47 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-11).
Table 19-11: Gore supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Gore 0.97 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 19 2015 20 2016 2017 40 41 2019 42 5-15 years out 2021 44 2023 45 2025 46 2027 47

Solution We will discuss future supply options with PowerNet, including: load projections and developments in the area managing the load to within the capability of the existing transformers, or replacing the existing transformers with two higher-rated units. In addition, we also plan to convert the Gore 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. The solutions do not raise property issues as the existing substation has sufficient room to accommodate the transformers and an indoor switchboard. 19.8.8 Halfway Bush supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: HWB-POW_TFR-REPL-01 Base Capex, replacement 2017-2025 To be advised

Issue Three transformers supply Halfway Bushs 33 kV load, comprising: two 110/33 kV transformers, each with nominal capacity of 50 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 54/57 MVA (summer/winter), and one 220/33 kV transformer, with a nominal capacity of 100 MVA, and n-1 169 capacity of 112/112 MVA (summer/winter).
169

The transformers capacity is limited by a protection limit; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 124/131 MVA (summer/winter).

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We operate the 33 kV bus split with: both 110/33 kV transformers connected in parallel supplying one bus section, and the 220/33 kV transformer supplying the other bus section, resulting in no continuous n-1 supply security. The 33 kV bus split can be closed during an outage of any one of the three supply transformers supplying the 33 kV load. This provides an n-1 capacity of 107/114 MVA (summer/winter) for an outage of the 220/33 kV transformer. The peak load at Halfway Bush is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 17 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 25 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-12).
Table 19-12: Halfway Bush supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Halfway Bush -1 & -2 0.99 17 2013 19 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 20 2015 7 2016 2017 8 10 2019 13 5-15 years out 2021 17 2023 20 2025 23 2027 25

The Halfway Bush supply transformer loading may be reduced by: transferring load between the Halfway Bush 110 kV and 220 kV buses with the 33 kV bus split, and/or increasing the output from Waipori generation injecting into the Halfway Bush 33 kV bus, and/or transferring up to 5 MW via Auroras distribution network to South Dunedin. Solution We are investigating closing the 33 kV bus permanently. This requires the 33 kV fault level, load sharing between the transformers, and the 33 kV bus voltage set-point and voltage control to be checked for satisfactory system operation. All three supply transformers have an expected end-of-life within the forecast period. After discussions with Aurora we are intending to replace the two 110/33 kV, 50 MVA supply transformers with a single 220/33 kV, 120 MVA supply transformer by 2017. The old 220/33 kV, 100 MVA supply transformer will be replaced with a 120 MVA unit by 2025. Converting the 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard is also scheduled to be carried out within the next five years, and we are co-ordinating this with some of Auroras feeder rationalization projects. Future investment will be customer driven. 19.8.9 Invercargill supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: INV-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2013 A

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Invercargills load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 240 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 105/105MVA
170

170

(summer/winter).

The transformers capacity is limited by metering equipment; with this limit resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 155/162 MVA (summer/winter).

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The peak load at Invercargill is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 2 MW in 2013, increasing to approximately 33 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-13).
Table 19-13: Invercargill supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Invercargill 0.99 0 2013 2 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 5 2015 7 2016 2017 9 11 2019 16 5-15 years out 2021 20 2023 24 2025 29 2027 33

Solution Recalibrating the metering parameters at Invercargill will solve the issue within the forecast period. 19.8.10 Naseby supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: NSY-POW_TFR_EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific 2014-2020 A

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply Nasebys load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 70 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 35/35 MVA (summer/winter). The peak load at Naseby is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 summer capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2014, increasing to approximately 9 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-14).
Table 19-14: Naseby supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Naseby 1.0 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 1 2015 1 2016 2017 2 3 2019 4 5-15 years out 2021 6 2023 7 2025 8 2027 9

Solution We will discuss future supply options with PowerNet, which include: managing the load to within the capability of the existing transformers, or replacing the existing transformers with two higher-rated units. In addition, both transformers are scheduled for replacement within the next 5-10 years and converting the 33 kV outdoor switchgear to an indoor switchboard is also scheduled to be carried out at around the same time. We will discuss the rating and timing for the replacement transformers with PowerNet, and co-ordinate the outdoor to indoor conversion project with the replacement work. Future investment will be customer driven. 19.8.11 North Makarewa supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: NMA-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Possible, customer-specific 2019 To be advised

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Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply North Makarewas load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 120 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 67/67 MVA
171

(summer/winter).

The peak load at North Makarewa is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 3 MW in 2021, increasing to approximately 8 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-15).
Table 19-15: North Makarewa supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 North Makarewa 0.99 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 0 2016 2017 0 0 2019 0 5-15 years out 2021 3 2023 5 2025 7 2027 8

Solution We have discussed future supply options with PowerNet and they intend to replace the two existing 220/33 kV supply transformers with new 220/66 kV units by 2019. Future investment will be customer driven. 19.8.12 Palmerston supply security and supply transformer capacity
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue A single 110/33 kV, 10 MVA supply transformer comprising three single-phase units supplies the load at Palmerston, resulting in no n-1 security. This transformer also has an expected end-of-life within the next five years. The peak load at Palmerston is forecast to exceed the transformers capacity by approximately 1 MW in 2012, increasing to approximately 4 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-16).
Table 19-16: Palmerston supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 Palmerston 0.97 1 2013 1 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 1 2015 1 2016 2017 1 2 2019 2 5-15 years out 2021 3 2023 3 2025 3 2027 4

Solution There is a non-contracted spare on-site unit providing backup after a unit failure, with replacement taking 8-14 hours. A limited amount of load can also be back-fed through the OtagoNet transmission network. We are discussing future development options with OtagoNet. Converting the transmission to Palmerston to 33 kV (see Section 19.8.13) avoids the need to replace the Palmerston 110/33 kV supply transformer and improves the security of supply. Future investment will be customer driven.
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The transformers capacity is limited by an LV cable limit, followed by the circuit breaker (69 MVA) and disconnector (71 MVA) limits; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 76/79 MVA (summer/winter).

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Chapter 19: Otago-Southland Region

19.8.13 Palmerston transmission security


Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Two 110 kV circuits supply Palmerstons load, which include the: Halfway BushPalmerston 1 circuit, and Halfway BushPalmerston 2 circuit. Neither circuit has a circuit breaker at Palmerston, preventing the two circuits from normally operating in parallel. The Halfway BushPalmerston 2 circuit is normally open and the loss of the Halfway BushPalmerston 1 circuit will result in a short loss of supply to Palmerston until the other circuit can be put into service. Consequently, Palmerston has no continuous n-1 supply security. Solution The issue can be managed operationally. One possible option is to operate both circuits at 33 kV, and reconfigure the distribution network to provide continuous n-1 security at Palmerston. Future investment will be customer driven. 19.8.14 South Dunedin supply transformer capacity
Project reference: Project status/purpose: Indicative timing: Indicative cost band: SDN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 Base Capex, minor enhancement 2015 A

Issue Two 220/33 kV transformers supply South Dunedins load, providing: a total nominal installed capacity of 200 MVA, and n-1 capacity of 81/81 MVA
172

(summer/winter).

The peak load at South Dunedin is forecast to exceed the transformers n-1 winter capacity by approximately 16 MW in 2015, increasing to approximately 30 MW in 2027 (see Table 19-17).
Table 19-17: South Dunedin supply transformer overload forecast
Grid exit point Power factor 2012 South Dunedin 0.99 0 2013 0 Transformer overload (MW) Next 5 years 2014 0 2015 16 2016 2017 17 18 2019 20 5-15 years out 2021 23 2023 25 2025 27 2027 30

Solution Recalibrating the metering parameters at South Dunedin resolves the issue within the forecast period. In addition: the South Dunedin 33 kV outdoor switchyard will be converted to an indoor switchboard within the next five years. If appropriate, we will resolve the metering limits during the conversion work.
172

The transformers capacity is limited by metering equipment, followed by the protection limit of 110 MVA; with these limits resolved, the n-1 capacity will be 132/139 MVA (summer/winter).

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The South Dunedin T1 supply transformer has an expected end-of-life in the next 10-15 years. We will discuss the rating and timing for the replacement transformer with Aurora. 19.8.15 Waipori transmission security
Project status/purpose: This issue is for information only

Issue Waipori generation injects into the Berwick 110 kV bus. The 110 kV Balclutha Berwick and BerwickHalfway Bush circuits presently have no line protection at the Berwick end, and both circuits will trip in the event of a line fault. This will disconnect Waipori generation from the National Grid, resulting in no n-1 connection security. Solution Trustpower has not requested a higher security level and there are no plans to increase supply security at this grid injection point. Future investment will be customer driven. If n-1 connection security is eventually required, then line protection, together with the associated 110 kV current transformers and a voltage transformer at Berwick, will need to be installed.

19.9

Other regional items of interest


There are no other items of interest identified to date beyond those set out in Section 19.8. See Section 19.10 for more information about specific generation proposals relevant to this region.

19.10 Otago-Southland generation proposals and opportunities


This section details relevant regional issues for selected generation proposals that are under investigation by developers and in the public domain, or other generation opportunities. The maximum generation that can be connected depends on several factors and usually falls within a range. Generation developers should consult with us at an early stage of their investigations to discuss connection issues. See our website for more 173 information about connecting generation. 19.10.1 Maximum regional generation Otago-Southland is a generation-rich region. Surplus generation export is constrained by the 220 kV NasebyRoxburghLivingstone circuit ratings. At times, existing generation needs to be constrained under light load conditions to avoid overloading of the 220 kV NasebyRoxburghLivingstone circuit under both normal operating conditions and during contingent events (see Chapter 6 for more information). We have committed to implementing the Clutha-Upper Waitaki Lines Project to reinforce the Twizel and Livingstone circuits to Roxburgh. This in turn increases the generation export capability to the region, which enables new generation connections.

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http://www.transpower.co.nz/connecting-new-generation.

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Chapter 19: Otago-Southland Region

19.10.2 Mahinerangi wind station Expansion of the Mahinerangi wind generation station beyond stage 1 can be accommodated on the National Grid via the two 110 kV Halfway BushRoxburgh circuits. Only relatively minor upgrades within the Otago-Southland region are required to enable the connection of over 200 MW of Mahinerangi generation. Potential upgrades include increasing the Roxburgh 220/110 kV transformer capacity (an approved project that is part of the Lower South Island Reliability Project), a thermal upgrade of part of the two 110 kV RoxburghHalfway Bush circuits, and increasing the Halfway Bush 220/110 kV transformer capacity. Some or all of these upgrades may not be required, depending on the staged development of the wind station, load growth, and the economic level of trade-off between Mahinerangi generation, Waipori, and generation connections to the Roxburgh 110 kV bus. 19.10.3 EdendaleGore wind stations There are a number of wind generation prospects in the area to the south-east of the line between Edendale and Gore. One option is to connect wind generation to the relatively low capacity 110 kV singlecircuit line that runs between the Invercargill and Halfway Bush substations, which connects through the Edendale, Brydone, and Gore substations. This 110 kV line cannot be thermally upgraded. Approximately 100-120 MW of wind generation can be connected at a substation (or less if at a new connection point along the line), but will need to be constrained for outages of circuits within the region. Another option is to connect the wind generation stations to the 220 kV double-circuit North MakarewaThree Mile Hill line. Approximately 350 MW of generation can be connected, but parts of the line will need to be thermally upgraded.

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Appendix A
A.1

Grid reliability report

Ten year forecast of demand at each grid exit point


12.76 12.76(1) 12.76(1)(a) Transpower to publish grid reliability report Transpower must publish a grid reliability report setting out: a forecast of demand at each grid exit point over the next ten years

The table below provides a forecast of demand at each grid exit point. These can also be viewed within the respective regional plans in Chapters 7-19.
Table A.1: Ten year forecast of demand at each grid exit point
Prudent peak demand (MW) forecast NORTHLAND Albany 33 kV Albany 110 kV (Wairau Road) Bream Bay Dargaville Henderson Hepburn Road Kensington Maungatapere 33 kV Maungatapere 110 kV Maungaturoto Silverdale Wellsford Region peak Region demand at island peak 160 160 45 13 130 165 70 54 63 18 80 35 910 886 165 165 46 13 134 170 71 55 65 18 82 36 937 914 170 170 46 14 138 175 73 56 66 18 85 37 959 931 175 175 47 14 142 180 74 57 68 19 87 38 982 938 180 180 48 14 146 186 75 59 70 19 90 39 1010 963 186 186 49 14 151 191 77 60 71 19 93 40 1036 988 191 191 49 15 155 197 78 61 73 20 96 41 1060 1005 197 197 52 15 160 203 79 62 75 20 98 42 1079 1015 203 203 53 15 165 209 80 64 77 20 101 43 1107 1033 207 207 53 16 168 213 82 65 78 21 103 43 1122 1046 211 211 54 16 171 218 83 66 80 21 105 44 1144 1061 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

AUCKLAND Bombay 33 kV Bombay 110 kV Glenbrook 33 kV Glenbrook NZ Steel Hobson Street Mangere 33 kV Mangere 110 kV Meremere Mt Roskill 22 kV Mt Roskill 110 kV Kingsland Otahuhu 25 51 32 116 0 115 55 14 130 66 66 26 52 33 116 0 119 55 14 134 68 69 26 53 33 120 126 122 55 15 138 70 71 27 54 34 120 130 126 55 15 142 72 73 14 69 35 120 134 129 55 0 146 74 75 14 70 35 120 137 133 55 0 151 76 77 14 72 36 120 141 137 55 0 155 78 80 14 73 37 120 144 141 55 0 160 80 82 0 89 38 120 148 146 55 0 165 82 84 0 90 38 120 150 149 55 0 168 83 86 0 92 39 120 153 152 55 0 171 84 89

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Prudent peak demand (MW) forecast Pakuranga Penrose 22 kV Penrose 33 kV Penrose 110 kV Liverpool Street Penrose 110 kV - Quay Street Takanini Wiri Region peak Region demand at island peak

2012 163 50 300 238 0 125 82 1535 1429

2013 167 52 309 246 0 129 85 1569 1468

2014 171 53 318 126 0 133 87 1605 1499

2015 174 55 328 130 0 137 90 1637 1515

2016 178 56 338 134 0 141 92 1680 1540

2017 182 58 348 137 0 145 95 1723 1576

2018 185 60 358 141 0 149 98 1762 1605

2019 189 62 369 144 0 154 101 1787 1623

2020 192 63 380 148 0 158 104 1819 1653

2021 196 65 388 150 0 162 106 1849 1674

2022 200 66 395 153 0 165 108 1878 1697

WAIKATO Cambridge Hamilton 11 kV Hamilton 33 kV Hamilton NZR Hangatiki Hinuera Huntly Kopu Piako Putaruru Te Kowhai Te Awamutu Waihou Waikino Whakamaru Region peak Region demand at island peak 38 47 148 8 30 47 25 50 0 0 105 37 67 41 11 501 454 39 48 151 8 31 48 25 52 28 0 110 37 41 42 11 521 467 39 49 154 8 31 42 26 53 28 7 112 38 43 44 11 535 478 40 25 182 8 32 43 26 55 29 8 117 39 44 45 11 545 487 40 0 212 8 33 44 42 56 30 8 120 39 45 46 12 549 513 41 0 216 8 33 45 43 58 31 8 122 40 47 48 12 568 526 42 0 221 8 34 46 43 60 32 8 124 41 48 49 12 580 538 42 0 225 8 35 47 44 62 33 8 127 41 49 50 12 586 548 43 0 230 8 35 48 45 63 34 8 129 42 51 52 13 600 561 43 0 234 8 36 49 45 65 35 9 131 43 52 53 13 605 570 38 0 238 8 36 50 46 66 35 9 133 44 53 54 13 614 580

BAY OF PLENTY Edgecumbe Kaitimako Kawerau Horizon Kawerau T6-T9 Kawerau T11/ T14 Kinleith 11 kV Kinleith 33 kV Lichfield Mt Maunganui 33 kV Owhata Papamoa 65 22 21 90 85 85 28 9 72 16 0 67 27 21 90 85 85 29 9 74 16 0 70 34 22 90 85 85 29 9 76 17 0 72 35 23 90 85 85 30 9 74 17 10 75 36 23 90 85 85 30 9 76 17 10 77 37 24 90 85 85 31 9 79 18 10 80 38 24 90 85 85 32 9 81 18 10 83 39 25 90 85 85 32 9 84 18 10 86 41 26 90 85 85 33 9 86 19 10 88 41 26 90 85 85 33 9 88 19 10 90 42 26 90 85 85 34 9 90 19 10

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Prudent peak demand (MW) forecast Rotorua 11 kV Rotorua 33 kV Tauranga 11 kV Tauranga 33 kV Tarukenga 11 kV Te Kaha Te Matai Waiotahi Region peak Region demand at island peak

2012 35 42 30 88 12 2 33 10 564 552

2013 35 42 31 91 12 2 34 10 573 554

2014 36 43 26 93 12 2 35 11 579 564

2015 36 43 27 96 13 2 31 11 580 573

2016 36 43 28 99 13 2 32 11 590 585

2017 36 44 28 102 13 2 33 11 605 598

2018 37 44 29 105 13 2 34 12 613 608

2019 37 44 30 108 13 2 35 12 619 618

2020 37 45 30 112 14 2 36 12 630 629

2021 38 45 31 114 14 2 37 12 636 623

2022 38 46 32 116 14 2 38 13 642 629

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND Bunnythorpe 33 kV Bunnythorpe NZR Dannevirke Linton Mangamaire Mangahao Marton Mataroa National Park Ohaaki Ohakune Ongarue Tokaanu Tangiwai 11 kV Tangiwai NZR Woodville Waipawa Wairakei Region peak Region demand at island peak 110 8 15 75 12 39 16 8 8 6 11 11 11 44 10 4 22 50 334 286 112 8 15 77 12 40 16 8 8 6 11 11 11 44 10 4 23 51 342 298 114 8 16 78 13 41 17 8 8 6 9 11 11 47 10 4 23 52 348 305 117 8 16 80 13 41 17 9 8 6 10 11 11 47 10 4 24 53 352 307 119 8 16 81 13 42 17 9 8 6 10 11 11 48 10 5 24 54 357 317 121 8 17 83 13 43 18 9 8 6 10 11 11 48 10 5 25 55 360 328 124 8 17 85 14 44 18 9 8 6 10 11 12 49 10 5 25 56 364 334 126 8 17 86 14 45 18 9 8 7 11 11 12 49 10 5 26 57 365 337 129 8 18 88 14 46 19 9 8 7 11 12 12 50 10 5 26 59 365 345 131 8 18 89 14 46 19 10 9 7 11 12 12 50 10 5 27 60 370 349 133 8 18 91 15 47 19 10 9 7 11 12 12 51 10 5 27 60 371 355

TARANAKI Brunswick Carrington Street Huirangi Hawera Hawera (Kupe) Motunui Moturoa Opunake Stratford 33 kV 43 62 28 32 12 9 22 11 31 44 63 29 33 12 9 23 11 32 45 65 29 33 12 9 23 11 32 46 66 30 34 12 9 24 12 32 47 67 30 35 12 9 25 12 33 48 69 31 35 12 9 25 12 33 48 70 32 36 12 9 26 12 34 49 71 32 37 12 9 27 13 34 50 73 33 38 12 9 27 13 35 51 74 33 38 12 9 28 13 35 52 75 34 39 12 9 28 13 36

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Prudent peak demand (MW) forecast Stratford 220 kV Taumarunui Wanganui Waverley Region peak Region demand at island peak

2012 11 11 50 4 218 214

2013 11 11 51 4 223 218

2014 11 11 52 4 227 222

2015 12 11 53 4 229 224

2016 12 11 54 4 232 228

2017 12 11 55 4 236 232

2018 12 11 56 4 239 234

2019 13 11 57 4 240 235

2020 13 11 59 4 242 237

2021 13 11 60 4 243 238

2022 13 11 60 5 245 240

HAWKES BAY Fernhill Gisborne Redclyffe Tuai Wairoa Whirinaki Whakatu Region peak Region demand at island peak 60 49 70 1 10 82 95 318 284 61 50 76 1 10 82 96 322 293 62 52 77 1 10 82 98 327 297 63 53 78 1 11 82 99 330 299 64 54 79 1 11 82 101 333 306 65 55 80 1 11 82 102 339 314 66 57 82 1 11 82 104 343 319 67 58 83 1 12 82 105 346 321 68 60 84 1 12 82 107 351 326 68 61 85 1 12 82 108 354 329 69 62 86 1 12 82 110 356 334

WELLINGTON Central Park 11 kV Central Park 33 kV Gracefield Greytown Haywards 11 kV Haywards 33 kV Kaiwharawhara Masterton Melling 11 kV Melling 33 kV Pauatahanui Paraparaumu Takapu Road Upper Hutt Wilton Region peak Region demand at island peak 27 175 60 16 23 20 43 51 30 50 23 68 103 37 65 755 707 33 174 61 17 24 20 44 52 31 51 24 69 105 37 66 768 730 33 177 62 17 24 21 45 53 31 52 24 70 107 38 68 783 743 34 181 64 17 24 21 46 54 32 53 25 71 110 38 69 799 748 34 184 65 18 25 22 47 55 33 54 25 71 112 39 70 809 768 35 188 66 18 25 22 48 56 33 55 26 72 114 40 72 821 788 35 192 68 19 26 23 49 57 34 56 26 73 116 40 73 833 802 36 196 69 19 26 23 50 59 35 57 26 74 119 41 75 841 808 37 200 70 19 27 23 51 60 35 59 27 75 121 41 76 856 823 37 203 71 20 27 24 52 61 36 60 27 76 123 42 77 865 832 38 206 72 20 28 24 52 62 36 60 28 77 125 42 79 874 844

NELSON-MARLBOROUGH Blenheim Motueka Motupipi Stoke 80 20 8 144 82 21 8 147 84 21 9 149 86 21 9 152 88 22 9 155 90 22 9 158 92 22 9 161 94 22 10 164 96 23 10 166 98 23 10 169 100 23 10 172

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Prudent peak demand (MW) forecast Region peak Region demand at island peak

2012 244 210

2013 248 214

2014 254 217

2015 258 221

2016 260 226

2017 266 229

2018 268 231

2019 270 234

2020 272 233

2021 275 236

2022 278 239

WEST COAST Arthurs Pass Atarau Castle Hill Dobson Greymouth Hokitika Kikiwa Kumara Murchison Orowaiti Otira Reefton Westport Region peak Region demand at island peak 0.5 1.0 0.9 16.0 15.0 16.8 3.0 2.0 3.0 11.0 0.9 11.0 10.2 62 47 0.5 11.0 0.9 16.3 15.3 17.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 19.2 0.9 11.2 10.3 67 59 0.5 11.0 0.9 16.6 15.6 19.8 3.0 2.0 3.0 19.3 0.9 11.4 10.5 73 57 0.5 11.0 0.9 20.9 15.9 20.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 19.5 0.9 11.7 10.6 76 61 0.5 11.0 0.9 21.2 16.2 20.3 3.0 2.0 3.0 19.7 0.9 11.9 10.8 78 62 0.5 11.0 0.9 21.5 16.6 20.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 19.9 1.9 12.1 10.9 80 63 0.5 11.0 0.9 25.8 16.9 20.8 3.0 2.0 3.0 20.0 1.9 12.4 11.1 82 67 0.5 11.0 0.9 26.1 17.2 21.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 20.2 1.9 12.6 11.3 84 68 0.5 11.0 0.9 26.4 17.6 21.3 3.0 2.0 3.0 20.4 1.9 12.9 11.4 86 68 0.5 11.0 0.9 26.6 17.8 21.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 20.5 1.9 13.1 11.6 88 69 0.5 11.0 0.9 26.9 18.1 21.7 3.0 2.0 3.0 20.7 1.9 13.3 11.7 90 69

CANTERBURY Addington 11 kV -1 Addington 11 kV -2 Addington 66 kV Ashburton 33 kV Ashburton 66 kV Ashley Bromley 11 kV Bromley 66 kV Coleridge Culverden 33 kV Culverden 66 kV Hororata 33 kV Hororata 66 kV Islington 33 kV Islington 66 kV Islington 66 kV Papanui Kaiapoi Middleton Southbrook Springston 33 kV Springston 66 kV 35 25 133 55 133 12 56 171 1 21 10 31 27 73 128 113 29 30 43 43 21 37 26 138 56 137 12 58 183 1 21 10 25 42 75 129 112 29 31 45 34 32 38 27 142 29 149 13 60 188 1 22 10 25 32 76 135 112 30 31 46 34 48 40 28 145 29 154 22 61 194 1 25 11 25 32 78 152 113 30 32 39 36 49 41 28 148 30 158 23 62 198 1 26 11 26 36 79 154 114 31 33 40 38 50 41 29 150 15 167 23 63 199 1 27 11 19 44 81 156 115 32 33 41 33 58 42 29 152 16 171 24 61 203 1 27 11 19 44 82 158 117 32 34 42 34 60 42 29 149 16 176 24 61 209 1 28 12 19 44 84 159 118 33 35 43 34 61 35 24 135 8 184 25 62 291 1 29 12 20 45 86 161 81 33 35 44 35 63 35 24 136 8 187 25 63 294 1 29 12 20 45 87 162 82 34 36 45 35 64 36 25 138 9 190 26 64 297 1 29 12 20 46 88 164 82 34 36 46 36 65

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Prudent peak demand (MW) forecast Waipara 33 kV Waipara 66 kV Region peak Region demand at island peak

2012 13 12 808 792

2013 13 13 837 821

2014 14 13 860 848

2015 14 13 887 864

2016 14 13 917 882

2017 22 14 941 894

2018 22 14 958 907

2019 23 14 976 924

2020 23 15 995 953

2021 23 15 1010 966

2022 23 15 1023 978

SOUTH CANTERBURY Albury Bells Pond Black Point Oamaru St Andrews Studholme Tekapo A Temuka Timaru Twizel Waitaki Region peak Region demand at island peak 4 8 12 44 0 17 6 65 71 6 7 190 138 4 8 20 46 0 18 6 68 72 6 7 199 146 4 17 21 62 0 25 6 70 81 6 7 213 172 4 17 22 65 0 26 7 73 81 6 11 227 176 4 17 23 68 0 28 7 75 82 7 11 233 179 4 17 23 69 35 33 7 78 82 7 11 261 197 5 17 24 71 45 34 8 85 83 7 12 277 205 5 17 24 73 45 36 8 87 83 7 17 292 208 5 17 24 75 45 37 8 90 84 7 17 298 210 5 17 24 75 45 38 9 92 84 7 17 301 212 5 17 24 76 45 38 9 94 85 7 17 305 213

OTAGO-SOUTHLAND Balclutha Brydone Cromwell Clyde Edendale Frankton Gore Halfway Bush -1 Halfway Bush -2 Invercargill Naseby North Makarewa Palmerston South Dunedin Tiwai Region peak Region demand at island peak 31 12 34 11 31 57 34 120 111 103 33 57 10 77 640 1107 1057 31 12 35 11 32 58 40 121 113 105 34 58 10 78 640 1114 1069 32 12 37 11 33 60 61 123 114 108 35 59 10 79 640 1129 1090 32 12 38 12 34 62 62 109 115 110 35 61 11 96 645 1142 1106 33 12 40 12 38 64 82 111 117 112 36 62 11 97 650 1152 1139 34 12 41 12 39 65 83 112 118 114 37 63 11 98 655 1165 1151 34 12 42 12 40 67 84 114 119 116 38 64 11 99 660 1178 1162 35 12 44 13 41 69 84 116 121 118 38 66 12 100 665 1190 1175 36 12 45 13 43 70 85 117 122 121 39 67 12 101 670 1201 1176 36 12 46 13 44 72 86 119 124 123 40 68 12 102 675 1209 1190 37 12 48 13 45 74 86 120 125 125 40 69 12 103 680 1216 1201

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A.2

Ten year forecast of supply at each grid injection point


12.76 12.76(1) 12.76(1)(b) Transpower to publish grid reliability report Transpower must publish a grid reliability report setting out: a forecast of supply at each grid injection point over the next ten years

The table below provides a forecast of supply at each grid injection point. These can also be viewed within the respective regional plans in Chapters 7-19.
Table A.2: Ten year forecast of generation capacity at each grid injection point
Grid injection point (location if embedded) NORTHLAND Albany (Rosedale) Kaikohe (Ngawha) Maungatapere (Wairua) Silverdale (Redvale) 3 27 5 10 3 27 5 10 3 27 5 10 3 27 5 10 3 27 5 10 3 27 5 10 3 27 5 10 3 27 5 10 3 27 5 10 3 27 5 10 3 27 5 10 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

AUCKLAND Glenbrook Mangere (Watercare Mangere) Otahuhu B CCGT Otahuhu (Greenmount Landfill) Penrose (Auckland Hospital) Southdown CCGT Takanini (Whitford Landfill) 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3 112 7 380 5 4 170 3

WAIKATO Arapuni Atiamuri Huntly Karapiro Maraetai Mokai Ohakuri Te Kowhai (Te Rapa) Te Kowhai (Te Uku) Waipapa Whakamaru 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100 197 84 1448 90 360 112 112 44 64 51 100

BAY OF PLENTY Aniwhenua 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Grid injection point (location if embedded) Edgecumbe (Bay Milk) Kawerau (BOPE) Kawerau (TPP) Kawerau - KAG Kawerau (KA24) Kawerau (Norske Skog) Kinleith Matahina Mount Maunganui (Ballance Agri) Rotorua (Fletcher Forests) Rotorua (Wheao, Flaxy, Kaingaroa) Tauranga (Kaimai)

2012 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

2013 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

2014 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

2015 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

2016 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

2017 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

2018 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

2019 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

2020 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

2021 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

2022 10 6 37 105 9 25 28 72 7 3 24 42

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND Aratiatia Bunnythorpe (Tararua Wind Stage 2) Linton (Tararua Wind Stage 1) Linton (Totara Road) Mangahao Nga Awa Purua Nga Awa Purua Ngatamariki Ohaaki Ongarue (Mokauiti, Kuratau and Wairere Falls) Poihipi Rangipo Tararua Wind Central (Tararua Stage 3) Tararua Wind Central (Te Rere Hau) Te Mihi Tokaanu Wairakei Wairakei (Hinemaiaia) Wairakei (Rotokawa) Wairakei (Te Huka) Woodville - Te Apiti 78 36 32 1 37 140 0 46 13 51 120 93 49 0 240 161 7 35 23 90 78 36 32 1 37 140 110 46 13 51 120 93 49 0 240 161 7 35 23 90 78 36 32 1 37 140 110 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 78 36 32 1 37 140 110 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 78 36 32 1 37 140 110 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 78 36 32 1 37 140 110 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 78 36 32 1 37 140 110 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 78 36 32 1 37 140 110 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 78 36 32 1 37 140 110 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 78 36 32 1 37 140 110 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90 78 36 32 1 37 140 110 46 13 51 120 93 49 166 240 109 7 35 23 90

TARANAKI Carrington St (Mangorei) Hawera - Kiwi Dairy (Whareroa) 5 70 5 70 5 70 5 70 5 70 5 70 5 70 5 70 5 70 5 70 5 70

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Grid injection point (location if embedded) Hawera Patea Hawera (Patearoa) Huirangi (Mangahewa) Huirangi (Motukawa) Kapuni Motunui Deviation (MPP) Stratford Stratford peaking plant Stratford (Stratford Austral Pacific)

2012 31 2 9 5 25 0 385 200 1

2013 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

2014 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

2015 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

2016 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

2017 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

2018 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

2019 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

2020 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

2021 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

2022 31 2 9 5 25 100 385 200 1

HAWKES BAY Gisborne Gisborne (Matawai) Kaitawa Piripaua Redclyffe (Ravensdown) Tuai Wairoa (Waihi) Whirinaki Whirinaki (Pan Pac) 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13 4 2 36 42 8 60 5 155 13

WELLINGTON Central Park (Southern Landfill) Central Park (Wellington Hospital) Greytown (Hau Nui) Masterton (Kourarau A and B) Haywards (Silverstream) West Wind 1 8 9 1 3 143 1 8 9 1 3 143 1 8 9 1 3 143 1 8 9 1 3 143 1 8 9 1 3 143 1 8 9 1 3 143 1 8 9 1 3 143 1 8 9 1 3 143 1 8 9 1 3 143 1 8 9 1 3 143 1 8 9 1 3 143

NELSON-MARLBOROUGH Argyle - Branch River Scheme Cobb Blenheim (Lulworth Wind) Blenheim (Marlborough Lines Diesel) Blenheim (Waihopai) Motupipi (Onekaka) 11 32 1 9 3 1 11 32 1 9 3 1 11 32 1 9 3 1 11 32 1 9 3 1 11 32 1 9 3 1 11 32 1 9 3 1 11 32 1 9 3 1 11 32 1 9 3 1 11 32 1 9 3 1 11 32 1 9 3 1 11 32 1 9 3 1

WEST COAST Dobson (Arnold) Hokitika (Amethyst) 3 0 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Grid injection point (location if embedded) Hokitika (McKays Creek) Hokitika (Wahapo-Okarito Forks) Kumara (Kumara and Dillmans) Kumara (Hokitika Diesel)

2012 1 3 10 3

2013 1 3 10 3

2014 1 3 10 3

2015 1 3 10 3

2016 1 3 10 3

2017 1 3 10 3

2018 1 3 10 3

2019 1 3 10 3

2020 1 3 10 3

2021 1 3 10 3

2022 1 3 10 3

CANTERBURY Ashburton (Highbank) Ashburton (Montalto) Bromley (City Waste) Coleridge 25 2 3 45 25 2 3 45 25 2 3 45 25 2 3 45 25 2 3 45 25 2 3 45 25 2 3 45 25 2 3 45 25 2 3 45 25 2 3 45 25 2 3 45

SOUTH CANTERBURY Albury (Opuha) Aviemore Benmore Ohau A Ohau B Ohau C Tekapo A Tekapo B Waitaki 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105 8 220 540 264 212 212 25 160 105

OTAGO-SOUTHLAND Clyde Manapouri Roxburgh Balclutha (Mt. Stuart) Berwick/Halfway Bush (Waipori and Mahinerangi) Clyde (Fraser) Clyde (Horseshoe Bend hydro and wind) Clyde (Talla Burn) Clyde (Teviot and Kowhai) Cromwell (Roaring Meg) Frankton (Wye Creek) Halfway Bush (Deep Stream) Naseby (Falls Dam) Naseby (Paerau) North Makarewa (Monowai) North Makarewa (White Hills Wind Farm) 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58 432 840 320 8 84 36 3 4 2 3 11 2 4 1 5 1 10 7 58

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

A.3

Issues impacting on N-1 supply


12.76 12.76(1) 12.76(1)(c) Transpower to publish grid reliability report Transpower must publish a grid reliability report setting out: whether the power system is reasonably expected to meet the N-1 criterion, including in particular whether the power system would be in a secure state at each grid exit point, at all times over the next ten years. proposals for addressing any matters identified in accordance with rule 12.76(1)(c).

12.76(1)(d)

The issues impacting n-1 are listed in the table below together with the projects resolving those issues. Details on both issues and projects are available from Chapters 6-19 of this document.

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Table A.3: Backbone issues and resolving projects


Issue affecting n-1 Projects Indicative timing (June year) 2011/12-2014/15 To be advised 2011/12 Project references Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years) Approved Q2 2012/13 Approved Investment purpose To meet GRS To meet GRS To meet GRS

Upper North Island voltage stability Upper North Island transmission capacity Taranaki transmission capacity Upper South Island voltage stability

Upper North Island reactive support Stage 2 Upper North Island reactive support Post-NIGUP A new 220/400 kV double-circuit transmission line from Pakuranga to Whakamaru. See Chapter 6 for more information. Re-tune generator excitation systems and/or install power system stabilisers. Stage 1 a sixth bus coupler at Islington. Stage 2 - Install additional shunt reactive support around Islington and Bromley, or bus the existing circuits between Waitaki Valley and Islington where they converge near Geraldine. See Chapter 6 for more information. Options include: an HVDC tap-off from the existing line north of Christchurch, and a new transmission line to Ashburton or Islington. See Chapter 6 for more information. The projects include: Install special protection schemes on the 220 kV and 110 kV network. Replace interconnecting transformers at Roxburgh and Invercargill. A new 220/110 kV interconnection at Gore. Install capacitor banks at Balclutha. Install a series capacitor on one of the North MakarewaThree Mile Hill circuits. See Chapter 6 for more information.

UPNI-REA_SUP-DEV-02 UPNI-REA_SUP-DEV-03 NIGU-TRAN-DEV-01

To be advised

TRNK-GEN_PSS-DEV-01

NA

Minor enhancement To meet GRS To meet GRS

2015/16 2016/17

ISL-BUS_SEC-EHMT-01 WTKV-REA_PWRS-DEV-01 GRD-BUSG_TRAN-DEV-01

Q2 2012/13 Q2 2013/14

Upper South Island transmission capacity

To be advised

UPSI-TRAN-DEV-01

To be advised

To meet GRS

Transmission capacity south of Roxburgh

2012/13-2014/15

LWSI-TRAN-EHMT-01

Approved

To meet GRS

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A.4: Regional issues and resolving projects


Region Issue affecting n-1 Projects Indicative timing (June year) 2013/14 2023/24 2024/25 Project references Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years) NA NA To be advised Investment purpose

Northland

Henderson interconnecting transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2023) HendersonWellsford transmission capacity (Issue arises from 2024) Marsden interconnecting transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2023) North Auckland and the Northland region transmission capacity North of Henderson transmission capacity (Issue already exists) North of Huapai transmission security (Issue already exists) North of Marsden low voltage (Issue arises from 2013) Upper North Island voltage instability for grid backbone contingencies Albany supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2023) Bream Bay supply

New grid exit point at Wairau Road. Replace limiting switchgear on the Henderson T1 if required. Automatic split the 110 kV network between Henderson and Maungatapere or thermal upgrade the HendersonWellsford circuits. Install a 3rd 220/110 kV transformer, and convert the 220 kV and 110 kV buses to three zones. North Auckland and Northland project (NAaN). North Auckland and Northland project (NAaN) provides a 2nd 220 kV connections into Albany from the south. Splitting Huapai 220 kV bus once the NAaN project is complete. Additional voltage support at Kaitaia or Maungatepere. Upper North Island reactive support (see Chapter 6). Resolve protection and circuit breaker limits.

WRR-SUBEST-DEV-01 HEN-POW_TFR_DIS-EHMT-01 HEN-MPE-TRAN-EHMT-01

Customer-specific Minor enhancement To meet GRS

2023/24

MDN-POW_TFR-DEV-01

To be advised

To meet GRS

Q2 2013/14

ALB_PAK-TRAN-DEV-01

Approved

To meet GRS

NA

NA

NA

NA

Q2 2013/14

HPI-BUSC-DEV-01

NA

Minor enhancement

To be advised

MDN-C_BANKS-DEV-01

NA

To meet GRS and/or customerspecific See backbone

See backbone

See backbone

See backbone

2023/24

ALB-POW_TFR_EHMT-01

NA

Minor enhancement

Resolve protection limits.

2021/22

BRB-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01

NA

Minor enhancement

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2021) Dargaville transmission security (Issue already exists) Dargaville supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Henderson supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) KaikoheMaungatapere 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue arises from 2014) Kensington transmission security and supply transformer capacity (Supply transformer capacity issue already exists, transmission security issue arrises from 2016) Maungatapere supply transformer capacity Maungaturoto supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2019) Silverdale supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2023) Wellsford supply transformer capacity Transpower is investigation removing the protection limit. 2012/13 WEL-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 NA Minor enhancement Resolve the metering limits. 2023/24 SVL-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 NA Minor enhancement Issue can be managed operationally. Longer term solution is to install a third supply transformer. Issue can be managed operationally. Longer term solution is to thermal upgrade 110 kV KaikoheMaungatapere circuits. Issue can be managed operationally. Longer term solution is to replace supply transformers and upgrade the 33 kV switchboard, and upgrade branch limiting components on the Kensington Maungatapere circuits. Issue can be managed operationally. (Issue already exists) Resolve the protection and metering limits. 2019/20 MTO-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 NA Minor enhancement To be advised HEN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 NA Customer-specific Transpower will discuss the timing and capacity of the Maungatapere supply transformers replacement with Northpower. Issue can be managed operationally, followed by adding fans and/or pumps. 2012/132014/15 2013/14 MPE-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 NA Replacement

DAR-POW-TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

To be advised

KOE_MPE-TRAN-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

NA To be advised

NA KEN-SUB-EHMT-01

NA NA

NA Customer-specific

NA

NA

NA

NA

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

(Issue already exists) Auckland Auckland region voltage quality North Auckland and Northland regional transmission security Otahuhu interconnecting transformer capacity Hobson Street supply security (Issue arises from 2014) Mangere supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Mount Roskill supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2014) Otahuhu supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) OtahuhuWiri 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue arises from 2011) Limit the peak load to the transformer capacity, or add a third supply transformer, or replace with existing transformers with higher-rated units. Several options being investigated, they are: A new cable from Otahuhu connecting to a new 110/33 kV transformer at Wiri. A new 110/33 kV transformer at Otahuhu and a new 33 kV cable to Wiri Reconductor OtahuhuWiri circuit. A new 220/110 kV connection at Bombay and supply Wiri from here and a 110 kV bus at Wiri. The issue will be managed operationally before the commissioning of a new 220 kV 2013/14 PAK_PEN-TRAN-DEV-01 Approved To meet GRS To be advised OTA-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 NA Customer-specific Limit the peak load to the transformer capacity and/or increase the transformer protection limits which will resolve the issue until 2018. Remove the circuit breaker and protection limits will resolve the issue until 2019. Q4 2011/12 MNG-POW_TFR_PTN-01 NA Minor enhancement Upper North Island Reactive Support and North Island Grid Upgrade (see Chapter 6). Install new 220 kV cables between Pakuranga, Penrose and Albany. Issue can be managed operationally. New substation at Hobson Street. See backbone Q2 2013/14 See backbone ALB_PAK-TRAN-DEV-01 See backbone Approved To meet GRS To meet GRS

NA 2013/14

NA HOB-SUBEST-DEV-01

NA NA

NA Customer-specific

2014/15

ROS-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

To be advised

OTA_WIR-TRAN-DEV-01

NA

To be advised

Penrose 220 kV transmission security

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

(Issue already exists) OtahuhuPenrose 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue arises from 2020)

cable connecting Pakuranga and Penrose. Resolve the constraint on the terminal spans at Otahuhu and Penrose substations. Longer-term solutions include replace Otahuhu T2 & T4 with higher impedance transformers, or upgrade the Otahuhu Penrose circuit capacity. Limit the peak load to the transformer capacity. Remove protection constraints will delay the overload until 2014. Upgrade the circuit breaker and busbar rating will resolve the issue within the forecast period. Remove protection constraints will delay the overload until 2020. Longer term options will be limit the peak load to the transformer capacity or replace existing transformers with higher-rated units. Likely to be resolved by OtahuhuWiri solution. Issue can be managed operationally. 2020/21 To be advised OTA_PEN-TRAN-EHMT-01 OTA_PEN-TRAN-DEV-01 NA To be advised Minor enhancement To meet GRS

Penrose 33 kV supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Takanini supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012)

NA

NA

NA

NA

2012/13 2014/15

TAK-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 TAK-SUBEST-EHMT-01

NA NA

Minor enhancement Customer-specific

Wiri supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2019)

2019/20 2020/21

WIR-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 WIR-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA NA

Minor enhancement Customer-specific

Wiri Tee transmission capacity (Issue already exists) Waikato ArapuniHamilton 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue already exists) ArapuniKinleith 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue already exists) Hamilton interconnecting transformer capacity (Issue already exists)

To be advised

OTA_WIR-TRAN-DEV-01

NA

To be advised

NA

NA

NA

NA

Possible short-term options are: System splits Special protection scheme, or Kinleith 110 kV bus reconfiguration Issue can be managed operationally in the short-term. The longer term option is to install a new

2020/212026/27

ARI_KIN-TRAN-EHMT-01

2012/13

To meet GRS

NA 2025/26

NA HAM-POW_TFR-DEV-01

NA To be advised

NA To meet GRS

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

interconnecting transformer. HamiltonWaihou 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue arises from 2016) Issue can be managed operationally in the short-term. Longer term options are to construct a new HamiltonWaihou or upgrade existing HamiltonWaihou circuits. Install capacitors, either on the grid or within the distribution network, or install supply transformers with onload tap changers. Upgrade bus section and protection limits. NA 2016/17 NA HAM_WHU-TRAN-DEV-01 NA NA Customer-specific Customer-specific

WaihouWaikinoKopu spur low voltage (Issue already exists) Cambridge supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Hamilton supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists)

2014/152016/17 2013/142014/15 2012/132013/14 2012/13

VLYS-REA_PWS-DEV-01

2014/15

To meet GRS

CBG-SUBEST-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

Increase the rating of the two existing Te Kowhai transformer by installing radiators and fans and transfer load to Te Kowhai. Longer term options are to install a third 220/33 kV supply transformer at Hamilton or at Te Kowhai. Contracted spare unit on site. Longer-term options are replace existing transformers with two 40 MVA units. New grid exit point at Putaruru, and replace the 30 MVA with a 60 MVA unit. New grid exit point at Putaruru.

TWH-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

2017/18

HAM-SUBEST-DEV-01

NA

Customer-specific

Hangatiki supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Hinuera supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Hinuera transmission security (Issue already exists) Kopu supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) MaraetaiWhakamaru

2014-15

HTI-POW_TFR-REPL-01

NA

Replacement

2014/15 To be advised 2014/15

PTR-SUBEST-DEV-01 HIN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 PTR-SUBEST-DEV-01

NA NA NA

Customer-specific Customer-specific Customer-specific

Reomove the protection constraints will resolve the issue until 2018. Issue can be managed operationally by an

Q2 2012/13

KPU-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01

NA

Minor enhancement

NA

NA

NA

NA

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

transmission capacity (Issue already exists) Te Awamutu supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2015) Te Awamutu transmission security (Issue already exists) Waihou supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Waikino supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Bay of Plenty Tarukenga interconnecting transformer capacity

existing generation runback scheme. Resolve the protection limits. 2015/16 TMU-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 NA Minor enhancement

A second transmission circuit either from Hangatiki or Karapiro. New grid exit point at Piako, and replace the supply transformers with higherrated units. Issue can be managed operationally. Longer-term option includes increase the supply transformers capacity. Thermally upgrade the KaitimakoTarukenga circuits and change the operating voltage from 110 kV to 220 kV and install two 220/110 kV, 150 MVA transformers at Kaitimako. A third 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer at Kaitimako. New grid exit point at Papamoa.

2014/15

HTI_TMU-TRAN-DEV-01

NA

Customer-specific

2012/13 2022/232026/27 NA 2020/21 Q2 2012/13

PAO-SUBEST-DEV-01 WHU-POW_TFR-REPL-01

NA NA

Customer-specific replacement

NA WKO-POW_TFR- REPL-01 KMO_TRK-TRAN-EHMT-01

NA NA Approved

NA replacement To meed GRS

2017/18 To be advised

KMO-POW_TFR-DEV-01 PPM-SUBEST-DEV-01

To be advised NA

To meed GRS Customer-specific

Tauranga and Mount Maunganui transmission security (Issue arises from 2013 and from 2018) Edgecumbe supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Kaitimako supply security (Issue already exists)

Upgrade protection limit, and replace transformers with higher-rated units. Issue can be managed operationally.

2012/13 To be advised NA

EDG-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 EDG-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 NA

NA NA NA

Minor enhancement Customer-specific NA

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year) NA

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years) NA

Investment purpose

KinleithTarukenga 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue already exists) Kinleith 110/33 kV supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Mount Maunganui supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2019) OkereTe Matai 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue already exists)

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

Replace the 20 MVA supply transformer with a 40 MVA unit. Issue can be managed operationally.

2015/16

KIN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

NA

NA

NA

NA

Thermally upgrading the Kaitimako Tarukenga circuits and changing the operating voltage from 110 kV to 220 kV and install two 220/110 kV, 150 MVA transformers at Kaitimako will alleviate the issue until 2023. Increase the existing transformers capacity. Three options are currently under reviewed. Increase 110/11 kV supply transformer capacity or transfer some 11 kV load to the 33 kV bus and Owhata. Issue can be managed operationally in the short-term. In the longer term, thermally upgrade the RotoruaTarukenga circuits. Issue can be managed operationally. Issue can be managed operationally.

Q2 2012/13

KMO_TRK-TRAN-EHMT-01

Approved

To meet GRS

Owhata supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Rotorua supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Rotorua transmission security (Issue already exists) Tarukenga supply security (Issue already exists) Tauranga 11 kV supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Tauranga 33 kV supply

2014/15

OWH-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

2013/142014/15 NA 2014/15 NA NA

ROT-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

NA ROT_TRK-TRAN-EHMT-01 NA NA

NA NA NA NA

NA Customer-specific NA NA

The transformer capacity issue will be

NA

NA

NA

NA

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2017) Te Matai supply transformer capacity (Issue arises in 2014, the from 2019) Waiotahi supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Waiotahi and Te Kaha supply security (Issue already exists) Central North Island Bunnythorpe interconnecting transformer capacity (Issue aready exists) BunnythorpeMataroa 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue already exists)

resolved when the limiting component on the supply transformer is removed on completion of the 33 kV indoor switchboard project. Issue can be managed operationally. NA NA NA NA

Replace the existing transformers with two higher-rated units. Issue can be managed operationally.

2019/20

WAI-POW_TFR-REPL-01

NA

Replacement

NA

NA

NA

NA

Issue can be managed operationally in the short-term. In the longer term, replace the existing transformers with higher-rated units. Short-term, the issue can be resolved by managing HVDC north power flow or increasing Arapuni generation, or opening the ArapuniOngarue circuit. Longer term, to install either series reactors or phase shifting transformers. Short-term, the issue can be managed operationally. Longer-term, install an SPS to automatically open the MangamaireWoodville circuit, reconductor the BunnythorpeWoodville circuits with higher-rated conductors, or convert the BunnythorpeWoodville circuits to 220 kV operation. Issue can be managed operationally.

2014/152016/17

BPE-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

To be advised

To meet GRS

NA

NA

NA

NA

To be advised NA 2013/14 2015/162020/21

BPE_MTR-TRAN-EHMT-01 NA BPE_WDV-TRAN-EHMT-01

2013/14 NA 2013/14

To meet GRS NA To meet GRS

BunnythorpeWoodville 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue already exists)

Bunnythorpe supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012)

NA

NA

NA

NA

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year) NA

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years) NA

Investment purpose

Linton supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2015) Mangahao supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Marton supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2023) Mataroa supply security (Issue already exists) National Park transmission and supply transformer security (Issue already exists) Ohakune supply transformer security and capacity (Issue arises from 2011) Ongarue supply transformer security (Issue already exists) Tokaanu supply transformer security (Issue already exists) Waipawa supply capacity and security (Security issue already exists, and capacity issue arises from 2015) Taranaki North Taranaki transmission capacity and low voltage

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

NA

NA

Resolve metering limits.

2023/24

MTN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Minor enhancement

Issue can be managed operationally. Issue can be managed operationally.

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

A new feeder from Tangiwai.

2012/2013

TNG-SUBEST-DEV-01

NA

Customer-specific

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

NA

NA

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

NA

NA

Resolve the metering and protection limits on the 110/33 kV transformers. Issue can be managed operationally for lack of n-1 security for 11 kV load. Possible options are:

2015/16 NA

WPW-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 NA

NA NA

Minor enhancement NA

2015/16-

TRNK-TRAN-EHMT-01

To be advised

To meet GRS

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year) 2020/21

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

issues (Issue already exists)

A second transformer at New Plymouth. Convert 220 kV New PlymouthStratford circuits to 110 kV operation. Constraining on generation. Upgrade terminating spans capacity on the Carrington StreetStratford circuits Replace Huirangi supply transformers with transformers with on load tap changers. Add a second transformer. Upgrade protection equipment, and upgrade the LV bus section, disconnectors and current transformers. Install reactive support at Hawera, or contract for aditional reactive support, or install under-voltage load shedding capability. Issue can be managed operationally.

Brunswick supply security (Issue already exists) Carrington Street supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Hawera voltage quality (Issue already exists)

2017/18 2012/13

BRK-POW_TFR-DEV-01 CST-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 CST-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 HWA-C_BANKS-DEV-01

NA NA NA To be advised

Customer-specific Minor enhancement Customer-specific To meet GRS

2015/162020/21

Hawera (Kupe) supply security (Issue already exists) Hawera supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2013) Huirangi supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Opunake supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2019) Stratford supply transformer capacity

NA

NA

NA

NA

Issue can be managed operationally in the short-term. Longer term option is to replace the existing transformers with two 50 MVA units. Issue can be managed operationally in the short-term. Longer term option is to replace existing supply transformers with two 50 MVA units. Resolve the metering and protection limits.

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA 2018/2019 2019/20

NA HUI-POW_TFR-REPL-01 OPK_POW-TFR-EHMT-01

NA NA NA

NA Replacement Minor enhancement

Replace the supply transformers with two 40 MVA units.

2012/132014/15

SFD-POW_TFR-REPL-01

NA

Replacement

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

(Issue already exists) Wanganui supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Possible options are: Replace existing transformers with two 80 MVA units. New 110 kV feeders from Wanganui. Install new supply transformer at Brunswick. Issue can be managed operationally. Issue can be managed operationally. Issue can be managed operationally. 2013/142015/16 WGN-POW_TFR-REPL-01 NA Replacement

Waverly supply security (Issue already exists) Hawkes Bay Hawkes Bay voltage quality (Issue already exists) FernhillRedclyffe 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue already exists) RedclyffeTuai 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue already exists) Redclyffe interconnecting transformer capacity (Issue already exists)

NA NA NA

NA NA NA

NA NA NA

NA NA NA

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

NA

NA

Issue can be managed operationally by transfer load from the 110 kV network to the 220 kV network and constraining-on generation at Waikaremoana. Replace the 30 MVA with an 80 MVA unit.

NA

NA

NA

NA

Fernhill supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Gisborne 110 kV voltage quality Gisborne supply capacity (Issue arises from 2015)

2018/19

FHL-POW_TFR-REPL-01

NA

Replacement

Issue can be managed operationally. Longer term option is to install new capacitors at Gisborne. Thermally upgrade, or reconductor part or all of both GisborneTuai circuits, and recalibrate Gisborne supply transformers

To be advised

To be advised

To be advised

To meet GRS

2015/16 2023/24

GIS_TUI-TRAN-EHMT-01 GIS-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA NA

Customer-specific Minor enhancement

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

metering parameters. Redclyffe supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Tuai supply security (Issue already exists) Wairoa supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2015) Whakatu supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2021) Wellington Wellington regional transmission security (Issue arises from 2015) Central Park supply transformer capacity (110/33 kV transformer capacity issue arises from 2015) (33/11 kV transformer capcity issue arises from 2013) Greytown supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2016) Haywards supply transformer capacity and security (Issue arises from 2012) Kaiwharawhara transmission Issue can be managed operationally. NA NA NA NA Replace with two 110/33/11 kV 60 MVA supply transformers. 2013/2014 HAY-POW_TFR-DEV-01 NA Replacement Resolve metering and protection limits. 2016/17 GYT-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 NA Minor enhancement Replace 110/33 kV transformers with 120 MVA units or to extend the transformers lives. 33/11 kV transformer overload issue can be managed operationally. 2012/132013/14 CPK-POW_TFR-DEV-01 NA Replacement Install a second 250 MVA interconnecting transformer. 2015/162020/21 WIL-POW_TFR-DEV-03 To be advised To meet GRS Issue can be managed operationally. NA NA NA NA Issue can be managed operationally. NA NA NA NA Issue can be managed operationally. NA NA NA NA Replace supply transformers with two 120 MVA units. Q1 2013/14 RDF-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 NA Customer-specific

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

and supply security, and supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Masterton supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Melling supply capacity (HaywardMelling circuit capacity issue arises from 2023) (110/33 kV and 110/11 kV transformer capacity issues arise from 2012) HaywardMelling: use the short term rating for the circuit, thermally upgrade the circuits, or reconductor the line. 110/33 kV: recalibrate the metering will defer the issue until 2022. 110/11 kV: resolve HV protection limit will defer the issue until 2014. Transpower will discuss future supply options with Wellington Electricity. Interim, post-contingency load reduction, use supply transformers short-term thermal ratings, or install capacitors on the Paraparaumu 33 kV bus. Long term, additional supply transformer or a new grid exit point. Options will be discussed with Wellington Electricity. Resolve protection and metering limits will defer the issue until 2014. Long term option is to increase the supply transformer capacity. Resolve protection and metering limits. 2012/13 PRM-C_BANKS-DEV-01 To be advised To meet GRS 2023/24 HAY_MLG-TRAN-EHMT-01 NA Customer-specific Replace existing transformers with two 60 MVA units. 2012/13 MST-POW_TFR-DEV-01 NA Customer-specific

2011/12

MLG-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Minor enhancement

Paraparaumu transmission security and supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists)

2014/15 To be advised

PRM-POW_TFR-DEV-01 To be advised

NA NA

Customer-specific Customer-specific

Pauatahanui supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Takapu Road supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Upper Hutt supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Wilton supply transformer capacity

Q2 2012/13 To be advised Q2 2013/14

TKR-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 TKR-POW_TFR-DEV-01 UHT-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA NA NA

Minor enhancement Customer-specific Minor enhancement

Resolve protection limits.

2023/24

WIL-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Minor enhancement

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

(Issue arises from 2023) NelsonMarlborough Stoke 220/10 kV interconnecting transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2020) Stoke 110/66 kV interconnecting transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) CobbMotueka 66 kV transmission capacity (Issue already exists) Motueka supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2011) Motupipi single supply security (Issue already exists) KikiwaStoke 110 kV transmission capacity (Issue arises from 2020) Stoke supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) West Coast InangahuaMurchison Kikiwa transmission capacity (Issue arises from 2017) Kikiwa interconnecting transformer capacity West Coast low voltage Issue can be managed operationally. Longer term option is to thermally upgrade the KikiwaStoke 110 kV circuit. Replace existing supply transformers with two 120 MVA units, followed by establish a new grid exit point at Brightwater. Thermal upgrade the InangahuaMurchison Kikiwa circuit, or a special protection scheme to trip load post contingency. Issue can be managed operationally. Install additional capacitors, or a special protection scheme to trip load post Beyond 2020/21 2012/132013/14 2015/16 2017/18 KIK_STK-TRAN-EHMT-01 To be advised To meet GRS Resolve the protection limits, followed by install capacitors at Motueka, and establish a new grid exit point near Riwaka. Issue can be managed operationally. 2012/13 2013/14 2016/17 NA MOT-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 MOT-C_BANKS-DEV-01 MOT-SUBEST-DEV-01 NA NA NA NA NA Minor enhancement Customer-specific Customer-specific NA Issue can be managed operationally using an automatic generation runback scheme. NA NA NA NA Install a second interconnecting transformer. To be advised STK-POW_TFR-EHMT-02 NA Customer-specific Resolve the station equipment constraints, and managed operationally via generation rescheduling and load management. 2020/21 STK-POW_TFR-DEV-01 NA Minor enhancement

STK-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 STK-SUBEST-DEV-01 IGH_KIK-TRAN-EHMT-01

NA NA To be advised

Customer-specific Customer-specific To meet GRS

NA 2020/21

NA WCST-REA_SUP-DEV-01

NA To be advised

NA To meet GRS

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

(Issue arises from 2021) Arthurs Pass transmission and supply security (Issue already exists) Castle Hill transmission and supply security (Issue already exists) Dobson supply transformer capacity

contingency, or replace Kikiwa T1 with a higher-rated unit. Issue can be managed operationally. NA NA NA NA

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

NA

NA

Upgrade protection will defer the issue until 2015. Longer term options are operational measures or replace the existing transformers with higher-rated units. Issue can be managed operationally. Longer term option is to implement the Kawaka bonding project. Issue can be managed operationally.

Q4 2013/14 2015/162017/18 NA

DOB-POW_TFR_PTN-EHMT-01 DOB-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA NA

Minor enhancement Customer-specific

Hokitika transmission capacity Murchison transmission and supply security (Issue already exists) Otira supply security (Issue already exists) Canterbury Islington 220/66 kV transformer capacity (Issue arises in 2019)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Issue can be managed operationally. Options include: establish a new 220/66 kV grid exit point south of Christchurch, and install a fourth 220/66 kV interconnecting transformer at Islington. Install a third 220/66 kV transformer.

NA

NA ISL-POW_TFR-DEV-01

NA To be advised

NA To be advised

2020/21 To be advised 2014/15 ASB-POW_TFR-DEV-02 NA Customer-specific

Ashburton supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Ashley supply transformer capacity

Replace the existing 66/11 kV transformers with two 40 MVA units.

2015/16

ASY-POW_TFR-REPL-01

NA

Replacement

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year) 2012/132013/14

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years) NA

Investment purpose

Bromley 220/66 kV transformer capacity and voltage quality (Issue already exists) Coleridge supply transformer security (Issue already exists) Culverden supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2014)

Install one 220/66 kV transformer, then a second and third transformer at later date.

BRY-POW_TFR-DEV-01

Customer-specific

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

NA

NA

Issue can be managed operationally in the short term. Longer term options include increasing the existing supply transformers capacity and changing the operating voltage to 220/66 kV transformers, Issue can be managed operationally.

To be advised

CUL-POW_TFR-DEV-01

NA

Customer-specific

Hororata supply transformer capacity and voltage quality (Issue already exists) Southbrook supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2013) Springston transmission security (Issue already exists) Waipara single supply security (Issue already exists) South Canterbury OamaruWaitaki voltage quality and transmission security (Issue arises from summer 2012) Timaru interconnecting

NA

NA

NA

NA

Transfer load from 33 kV to 66 kV bus by establishing two new 66 kV feeders from Southbrook. Short-term: transfer load to Hororata. Long-term: shift load via distribution network or establish a new 220/66 kV grid exit point south of Christchurch. Issue can be managed operationally.

To be advised

SBK-TRAN-DEV-01

NA

Customer-specific

NA To be advised

NA To be advised

NA NA

NA Customer-specific

NA

NA

NA

NA

Upgrade transmission capacity (several options are being investigated). Install reactive support at Oamaru.

Post 2012/13 2012/132017/18 To be advised

LWTK-TRAN-DEV-01 OAM-C_BANKS-DEV-01

To be advised NA

To meet GRS Customer-specific

Increase interconnecting transformer

TIM-POW_TFR-EHMT-02

Q1 2012/13

To meet GRS

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

transformer capacity (Issue alreadt exists) Timaru 110 kV transmission security (Issue already exists) Waitaki 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Albury single supply security and supply transformer capacity (Security issue already exists, and capacity issue arises from 2023) Albury and Tekapo A transmission security (Issue already exists) Bells Pond single supply security (Issue already exists) Black Point single supply security (Issue already exists) Oamaru supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2014) Studholme single supply security (Issue already exists) Studholme supply

capacity. Install a 110 kV bus coupler. 2013/14 TIM-BUSC-DEV-01 To be advised To meet GRS

The need to increase the interconnection capacity will depend on the preferred option form the Lower Waitaki Valley Reliability investigation. Issue can be managed operationally.

2014/152018/19

WTK-POW_TFR-REPL-01

NA

Replacement

NA

NA

NA

NA

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

NA

NA

Possible options include building a 110 kV bus at Bells Pond, connection to the other 110 kV circuit, and a new grid exit point. Issue can be managed operationally.

To be advised

BPD-BUSC-DEV-01

NA

Customer-specific

NA

NA

NA

NA

Resolve protection limits.

2013/14

OAM-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Minor enhancement

The long term solution will be part of the Lower Waitaki reliability project. Replace with higher-rated units, and

see above

see above

see above

see above

2014/15

STU-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year) To be advised 2019/20

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years) NA NA

Investment purpose

transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Tekapo A supply security and supply transformer capacity (Security issue already exists, and capacity issue arises from 2019) Temuka transmission security and supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Timaru supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Waitaki single supply security and supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists)

transfer load to a new grid exit point. Resolve protection and metering limits.

To be advised NA

Customer-specific Minor enhancement

Install a new 120 MVA transformer, upgrade the 110 kV TimaruTemuka circuits, or a new connection to the 220 kV Islington Waitaki circuits, west of Temuka. Replace the existing transformers with three 40 MVA units, or install two 220/33 kV transformers, new 33 kV switchboard and transfer some loads from 11 kV to 33 kV. Install a second supply transformer to resolve supply security issue. Transfer load within lines companys network, or increase supply transformers capacity by adding fans and pumps to solve supply capacity issue. Projects include: An SPS to delay large investment and to allow sufficient build time. Replace Roxburgh and Invercargill interconnecting transformers with highercapacity units. Install shunt capacitors at Balclutha. Install a new 220/110 kV interconnection at Gore. Install a series capacitor on one of the North MakarewaThree Mill Hill circuit. Part of Lower South Island Reliability project.

To be advised

TMK-POW_TFR-DEV-02 TIM_TMK-TRAN-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

2014/15

TIM-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

To be advised 2013/14

WTK-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

OtagoSouthland

Southland transmission capacity and low voltage

2011/122014/15

STLD-TRAN-EHMT-01

Approved

To meet GRS

Roxburgh interconnecting

See above

See above

See above

See above

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Appendix A: Grid Reliability Report

Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years)

Investment purpose

transformer capacity Balclutha supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2012) Cromwell supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2019) Edendale supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2013) Limit the load within the capability of the supply transformer, or resolve the cable and protection limits will defer the issue until 2017 and replace the supply transformers with two higher-rated units. Thermally upgrade the CromwellFrankton circuits, and increase the protection and metering limits on Frankton T4 transformer, and increase Frankton T2A & T2B supply transformers capacities by adding pumps. Replace with two higher-rated units. NA 2012/13 NA EDN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 NA NA NA Customer-specific Resolve protection limits will defer the issue until 2014. New capacitors (part of the Lower South Island Reliability project) will relief some additional capacity. Resolve protection limits will defer the issue until 2020. 2012/132013/14 BAL-POW_TFR_EHMT-01 NA Minor enhancement

2019/20

CML-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Minor enhancement

Frankton transmission and supply security (Issue arises from 2019)

2019/20 2022/23 2022/23

CML_FKN-TRAN-EHMT-01 FKN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01 FKN-POW_TFR-EHMT-02

NA NA NA

Customer-specific Minor enhancement Customer-specific

Gore supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2014) Halfway Bush supply transformer capacity (Issue already exists) Invercargill supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2013) Naseby supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2014)

2014/15

GOR-POW_TFR-REPL-01

NA

Replacement

Replace two 110/33 kV transformer with one 220/33 kV 120 MVA unit, and replace 220/33 kV transformer with one 120 MVA unit. Recalibrate metering parameters.

2017/18 2025/26 2012/13

HWB-POW_TFR-REPL-01

NA

Replacement

INV-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Minor enhancement

Issue can be managed operationally, or replace the existing transformers with two higher-rated units.

2014/152019/20

NSY-POW_TFR_EHMT-01

NA

Customer-specific

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Region

Issue affecting n-1

Projects

Indicative timing (June year) 2018/19

Project references

Investment proposal to CC (Forecast June years) NA

Investment purpose

North Makarewa supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2021) Palmerston single supply security (Issue already exists) Palmerston transmission security (Issue already exists) South Dunedin supply transformer capacity (Issue arises from 2015) Waipori transmission security (Issue already exists)

Replace 220/33 kV transformers with two 220/66 kV units. Issue can be managed operationally.

NMA-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

Customer-specific

NA

NA

NA

NA

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

NA

NA

Recalibrate metering parameters

2014/15

SDN-POW_TFR-EHMT-01

NA

Minor enhancement

Issue can be managed operationally.

NA

NA

NA

NA

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.

345

Appendix B: Grid Economic Investment Report

Appendix B
12.115(1)

Grid Economic Investment Report


Transpower must publish a grid economic investment report on whether there are investments that it considers, other than the investments identified under clause 12.114 (Investmens to meet the grid reliability standards), could be made in respect of the interconnection assets.

Issues impacting economic operation of the New Zealand electricity system are listed in the table below, together with the projects resolving those issues. Details on both issues and projects are available from Chapters 6-19 of this document.
Table B.1: Backbone economic investments
Issue Projects Indicative timing (June year) 2013/14 To be advised Project references Forecast submission date (June years) Approved 2013/14

Wairakei Ring circuit transmission capacity Central North Island transmission capacity

A new 220 kV double circuit transmission line between Wairakei and Whakamaru. Tranche 1, range of options includes: limit power flow on the 110 kV regional network reconductor TokaanuWhakamaru circuits, and thermal upgrade or reconductor BunnythorpeTangiwaiRangipo circuits. Tranche 2, range of options includes: reconductor BunnythorpeTokaanu circuits provide new transmission capacity between Bunnythorpe and Whakamaru a new line in the Taranaki area, from Taumarunui to Whakamaru, and Lower North Island wide System Protection Scheme. Install reactive support.

WKM_WRK-TRAN-DEV-01 CNI-TRAN-EHMT-01

Kawerau 110 kV generation constraint Taranaki transmission capacity

Replace Kawerau T12 with a 250 MVA 10% impedance transformer. Interim solution is 110 kV grid reconfigurations. Range of options includes: thermal upgrade and/or reconductor the BrunswickStratford circuits

2013/14 2012/13-2013/14 To be advised

KAW-POW_TFR-DEV-01 EDG_MAT-TRAN-DEV-01 TRNK-TRAN-EHMT-01

Submitted To be advised

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Appendix B: Grid Economic Investment Report

Issue

Projects

Indicative timing (June year)

Project references

Forecast submission date (June years)

reconductor the HuntlyStratford circuits, and a new line between Taumarunui and Whakamaru. Transmission capacity between Bunnythorpe and Haywards Insufficient transmission capacity through the Waitaki Valley, and between Roxburgh and the Waitaki Valley Replace the conductor on the 220 kV BunnythorpeHaywards 1 and 2 circuits. 2012/13-2018/19 BPE_HAY-TRAN-EHMT-01 Submitted

The project includes: thermally upgrading the 220 kV CromwellTwizel 1 & 2 circuits reconductoring the following 220 kV circuits with duplex conductor: AviemoreWaitakiLivingstone circuits. AviemoreBenmore 1 and 2 circuits. ClydeRoxburgh 1 and 2 circuits, and LivingstoneNaseby and NasebyRoxburgh circuits Upgrade the capacity of the 220 kV BenmoreTwizel 1 circuit. To be advised 2014/15 To be advised 2013/14 To be advised To be advised 2012/13-2013/14 To be advised 2017/18

LWSI-TRAN-DEV-01

Approved

BEN_TWZ-TRAN-EHMT-01

To be advised

Transmission capacity between North and South Islands

HVDC projects includes: Pole 3 - Stage 1 and Stage 2 Increase the HVDC line rating HVDC link expansion Stage 3 HVDC-TRAN-DEV-01 HVDC-TRAN-DEV-02 HVDC-TRAN-DEV-03 Approved To be advised 2014/15

Table B.2: Regional economic investments


Region Issue Project Indicative Timing (June years) Q2 2012/13 Project Reference Forecast Submission date (June years) Approved

Taranaki

StratfordHaweraWaverlyWanganui 110 kV transmission capacity

Replace conductor on the 110 kV circuits between Stratford and Wanganui

SFD_WGN-TRAN-EHMT-01

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Appendix C: Fault Levels

Appendix C

Fault Levels

The Connection Code contained in Schedule 8 to the Benchmark Agreement requires Transpower: 4.2(g) to publish annually a 10 year forecast of the expected minimum and maximum fault level at each customer point of service.

Calculated fault levels are very dependent on the assumptions used in the calculation and the method of calculation. The calculation of minimum fault levels depends on what generation is assumed to be dispatched and what grid assets are out of service. Minimum fault levels have limited meaning unless the assumptions made in the calculation of the minimum fault level are understood. Minimum fault levels can be used for ensuring the coordination of protection relays between asset owners. Protection coordination has very important consequences for power system security and safety of people and assets. Accordingly, we are not going to publish minimum fault levels which may be misunderstood and used in a way that threatens security and safety. We encourage connected parties to talk with us in matters concerning protection coordination. Table C.2 lists the maximum three-phase fault current for all points of service. Table C.3 lists the maximum single-phase to ground fault current for the 220 kV and 110 kV points of service. In both tables, the listed value is the initial RMS symmetrical short circuit current ( ) as defined by IEC 60909 2001. The 10 year forecast of maximum fault levels is based on information currently known by Transpower. The values in the tables should be regarded as being indicative only. We have modelled committed future transmission upgrades and generation projects using the best information we have at this time. We know that towards the end of the 10 year period, there may be additional transmission upgrades and additional generation required to meet the power and energy requirements of New Zealand. We do not know exactly the nature or location of these future transmission upgrades and new generation. The maximum fault level at a point of service may also change where the number of supply transformers are increased or replaced as part of a Service Change to meet load growth or provide supply security. Therefore, the maximum short-circuit currents listed should not be relied upon for specifying short-circuit requirements for new substation equipment. The forecast fault levels provide an early warning of when plant capability may be exceeded. Accordingly, while Transpower endeavours to forecast fault levels accurately, the levels may change for a number of reasons and Transpower does not accept liability for other parties reliance on the fault values contained in the forecast. Transpower encourages asset owners to consult with us for detailed information on maximum fault levels at specific sites relating to new equipment connection. The Connection Code (5.1(h)) puts an obligation on Transpower and the customer to ensure its equipment does not cause the maximum short circuit power and current limits in Appendix B Table B2 of the Connection Code to be exceeded on or nearby to the grid. Table C.1 shows the short circuit power and limits in Table B2 of Appendix B of the Connection Code. Note that the fault levels at some buses are already near or exceed these values.

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Appendix C: Fault Levels

Table C.1: Maximum short-circuit power and current limits


Nominal voltage (kV) 220 110 66 50 33 22 11 Maximum short-circuit power and current limits (MVA) (kA) 12,000 6,000 1,800 1,350 1,400 950 475 31.5 31.5 16 16 25 25 25

We calculated maximum fault levels in Tables C.2 and C.3 using the 2001 IEC 60909 method. The values are the initial RMS symmetrical short circuit levels. The fault levels have been calculated using the following basis: All generating units are assumed to be in service. A full representation of the existing transmission grid, directly connected generation and embedded generation above 1 MW known to us. The existing wind farms are assumed to provide only full load current into a fault. Motor loads are not modelled. The breaker time is 0.1 seconds and the fault clearing time is 1 second. The fault impedence is zero ohms. Future committed changes to the power system including transmission upgrades and new generation detailed in this APR. We represented new transmission lines in the model with electrical parameters estimated from the best matches with existing lines of the same conductor type. We have represented committed generation in our power system model with their electrical parameters scaled from the latest example which their type is known to us. We based the timing of these connections on open discussion with the asset owner, and from the generators website. The actual commissioning date may vary.
Table C.2: Ten year forecast of three-phase maximum fault levels, of service
Grid exit point NORTHLAND Albany Albany Albany Bream Bay Bream Bay Dargaville Henderson Henderson Henderson Hepburn Road Hepburn Road Huapai Kensington Marsden ALB0331 ALB1101 ALB2201 BRB0331 BRB2201 DAR0111 HEN0331 HEN1101 HEN2201 HEP0331 HEP1101 HPI2201 KEN0331 MDN1101 19.2 12.3 9.9 10.3 5.0 4.8 18.7 20.0 13.0 21.1 18.7 10.6 9.4 7.7 19.2 12.3 9.9 10.3 5.0 4.8 18.7 20.1 13.0 21.2 18.7 10.6 9.4 7.7 20.6 14.0 13.1 10.5 5.4 4.8 19.2 22.3 15.1 21.8 20.5 12.7 9.5 8.1 20.7 14.2 13.3 10.5 5.4 4.8 19.3 22.7 15.4 21.9 20.8 13.0 9.5 8.1 20.8 14.3 13.5 10.6 5.5 4.8 19.4 23.0 15.7 22.0 21.0 13.1 9.6 8.2 21.2 14.9 14.7 11.6 7.9 4.9 19.7 24.5 17.0 22.3 22.1 14.7 10.0 10.0 21.2 14.9 14.8 11.6 8.0 4.9 19.7 24.7 17.3 22.4 22.3 14.8 10.1 10.0 21.2 14.9 14.8 11.6 8.0 4.9 19.7 24.7 17.3 22.4 22.3 14.8 10.1 10.0 21.6 15.5 16.0 11.7 8.1 4.9 20.0 26.4 18.9 22.8 23.7 16.0 10.2 10.1 21.6 15.5 16.0 11.7 8.1 4.9 20.0 26.6 19.0 22.9 24.0 16.0 10.3 10.1 21.6 15.6 16.1 11.8 8.7 4.9 20.0 27.0 19.0 23.0 24.7 16.1 10.3 10.7 Point of service 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

(kA) of each point


2020 2021 2022

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Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point Marsden Maungatapere Maungatapere Maungaturoto Maungaturoto Maungaturoto Silverdale Wairau Road Wellsford

Point of service MDN2201 MPE0331 MPE1101 MTO0331 MTO1101 MTO1102 SVL0331 WRD0331 WEL0331

2012 5.0 7.8 6.8 4.6 6.7 6.7 17.0 12.2 7.6

2013 5.1 7.9 6.8 4.6 6.7 6.7 17.0 12.2 7.6

2014 5.4 8.0 7.1 4.7 7.0 7.0 18.2 19.8 7.7

2015 5.5 8.0 7.1 4.7 7.0 7.0 18.2 19.9 7.7

2016 5.5 8.0 7.1 4.7 7.0 7.0 18.3 20.0 7.7

2017 7.9 8.3 8.1 4.8 8.0 8.0 18.6 20.3 7.9

2018 7.9 8.3 8.1 4.8 8.0 8.0 18.6 20.4 7.9

2019 7.9 8.3 8.1 4.8 8.0 8.0 18.6 20.4 7.9

2020 8.1 8.4 8.5 4.8 8.4 8.3 18.9 20.7 8.2

2021 8.1 8.5 8.7 4.8 8.6 8.6 18.9 20.7 8.2

2022 9.0 8.5 8.7 4.8 8.5 8.5 18.9 20.7 8.2

AUCKLAND Bombay Bombay Drury Glenbrook Glenbrook Glenbrook Mangere Mangere Mt Roskill Mt Roskill Otahuhu Otahuhu Otahuhu Otahuhu Otahuhu B Pakuranga Penrose Penrose Penrose Penrose Southdown Takanini Wiri BOB0331 BOB1102 DRY2201 GLN0331 GLN0332 GLN2201 MNG0331 MNG1101 ROS0221 ROS1101 OTA0221 OTA1101 OTA1102 OTA2201 OTC2201 PAK0331 PEN0221 PEN0331 PEN1101 PEN2201 SWN2201 TAK0331 WIR0331 9.1 11.1 14.5 16.0 16.6 11.2 14.8 17.1 21.8 17.9 26.8 18.2 24.6 20.1 20.1 16.5 21.0 32.0 22.8 16.1 17.0 17.6 19.5 9.1 11.0 14.6 16.0 16.6 11.2 14.8 17.2 21.8 17.9 26.8 18.2 24.2 20.2 20.2 25.2 21.3 32.8 22.0 17.6 17.1 17.6 19.5 9.1 11.2 15.3 16.1 16.7 11.6 15.1 18.2 22.2 19.4 27.2 19.3 26.2 22.6 22.6 25.8 21.6 33.8 25.0 19.7 18.7 17.8 19.8 9.2 11.3 15.7 16.2 16.7 11.8 15.1 18.5 22.3 19.7 27.3 19.6 26.7 23.4 23.4 26.0 21.6 34.1 25.6 20.4 19.3 21.3 19.9 9.2 11.4 15.9 16.2 16.7 11.9 15.2 18.6 22.4 19.9 27.4 19.8 27.1 24.0 24.0 26.1 21.7 34.4 25.9 20.9 19.7 21.3 19.9 9.2 11.4 16.3 16.3 16.7 12.1 15.4 19.8 22.6 20.7 27.5 20.9 27.7 24.9 24.9 26.3 21.8 34.7 26.6 21.7 20.5 21.4 20.0 9.2 11.5 16.3 16.3 16.7 12.1 15.4 19.8 22.6 20.9 27.6 20.9 28.0 25.4 25.4 26.3 21.8 34.8 26.9 22.1 20.8 21.4 20.1 9.2 11.5 16.8 16.3 16.7 12.4 15.4 20.1 22.7 21.1 27.6 21.3 28.2 26.0 26.0 26.4 21.8 34.9 27.0 22.4 21.3 21.5 20.1 9.2 11.7 17.5 16.4 16.8 12.8 15.6 21.0 22.9 22.3 28.0 22.3 30.2 29.8 29.8 26.9 22.1 35.9 29.0 25.2 23.5 21.7 20.4 9.2 11.7 18.2 16.5 16.8 13.1 15.6 21.3 23.0 22.6 28.0 22.6 30.2 29.8 29.8 26.9 22.1 35.9 29.0 25.2 23.5 21.7 20.4 9.2 11.7 19.5 17.1 17.0 16.1 15.7 21.7 23.2 23.5 28.0 23.0 30.3 29.8 29.8 26.9 22.1 35.9 29.0 25.2 23.5 21.7 20.4

WAIKATO Arapuni Atiamuri Cambridge Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hangatiki ARI1101 ATI2201 CBG0111 HAM0111 HAM0331 HAM1101 HAM2201 HTI0331 11.8 17.1 22.4 13.4 21.3 15.2 13.4 5.0 11.9 17.8 22.4 13.4 21.3 15.2 13.4 5.0 11.7 18.1 22.4 13.4 21.3 15.2 13.5 4.9 11.7 18.1 22.4 13.4 21.4 15.3 13.7 4.9 11.9 18.4 22.4 13.4 21.4 15.5 13.9 5.1 11.9 18.4 22.4 13.4 21.5 15.5 13.9 5.1 12.0 25.6 22.4 13.4 21.4 15.5 13.9 5.1 12.2 25.7 22.4 13.4 21.5 15.7 14.1 5.1 12.3 25.8 22.5 13.4 21.5 15.7 14.2 5.1 12.4 25.8 22.5 13.4 21.6 15.7 14.3 5.1 12.3 25.8 22.4 13.4 21.6 15.7 14.2 5.1

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2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012.All rights reserved.

Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point Hangatiki Hinuera Huntly Huntly Karapiro Kopu Maraetai Ohakuri Te Awamutu Te Awamutu Te Kowhai Te Kowhai Waihou Waikino Waipapa Whakamaru

Point of service HTI1101 HIN0331 HLY0331 HLY2201 KPO1101 KPU0661 MTI2201 OHK2201 TMU0111 TMU1101 TWH0331 TWH2201 WHU0331 WKO0331 WPA2201 WKM2201

2012 4.1 6.9 15.0 27.3 7.7 2.7 20.4 16.6 17.4 3.7 21.2 9.5 7.0 6.2 12.9 24.9

2013 4.1 6.9 15.0 27.4 7.8 2.7 20.9 17.3 17.4 3.7 21.2 9.5 7.0 6.2 13.1 25.8

2014 4.1 6.9 15.0 28.1 7.8 2.7 22.0 17.6 17.4 3.7 21.3 9.5 7.0 6.2 13.5 27.7

2015 4.1 6.9 15.1 30.0 7.8 2.7 23.5 17.7 17.4 3.7 21.4 9.7 7.0 6.2 14.1 30.5

2016 4.4 6.9 15.1 30.4 7.8 2.7 23.8 17.9 17.4 3.7 21.4 9.7 7.0 6.2 14.2 31.0

2017 4.4 7.0 15.1 30.8 7.8 2.7 23.8 18.0 17.4 3.7 21.4 9.8 7.0 6.2 14.2 31.1

2018 4.4 7.0 15.1 30.5 7.8 2.7 25.8 23.2 17.4 3.7 21.4 9.8 7.0 6.3 14.8 34.9

2019 4.4 7.0 15.1 32.2 7.8 2.7 25.9 23.2 17.4 3.7 21.5 9.9 7.0 6.3 14.9 35.3

2020 4.4 7.0 15.1 30.4 7.8 2.7 26.1 23.3 17.4 3.7 21.4 9.8 7.0 6.3 14.9 35.7

2021 4.6 7.0 15.1 31.9 7.8 2.7 26.2 23.3 17.4 3.7 21.5 9.9 7.0 6.3 14.9 35.8

2022 4.6 7.0 15.1 30.5 7.8 2.7 26.1 23.3 17.4 3.7 21.4 9.8 7.0 6.3 14.9 35.5

BAY OF PLENTY Edgecumbe Edgecumbe Edgecumbe Kaitimako Kaitimako Kawerau Kawerau Kawerau Kawerau Kawerau Kawerau Kawerau Kawerau Kawerau Kawerau Kawerau Kinleith Kinleith Lichfield Tee Matahina Mt Maunganui Mt Maunganui Owhata Owhata Rotorua EDG0331 EDG1101 EDG2201 KMO0331 KMO1101 KAW0111 KAW0114 KAW0115 KAW0116 KAW0117 KAW0118 KAW1101 KAW2201 KIN0111 KIN0112 KIN0113 KIN0331 KIN1101 LFD1101 MAT1101 MTM0331 MTM1101 OWH0111 OWH1101 ROT0111 14.5 7.8 7.4 7.6 9.3 19.2 16.7 16.7 17.4 17.1 34.5 10.3 7.3 14.4 14.1 14.9 5.0 9.1 6.9 9.0 11.1 7.3 10.0 5.9 18.4 14.6 8.0 7.6 7.6 9.3 19.4 16.9 16.9 17.5 17.2 34.7 10.9 7.4 14.4 14.2 14.9 5.0 9.2 6.9 9.3 11.1 7.3 10.0 6.0 18.4 14.6 8.0 7.6 7.6 9.4 19.4 16.9 16.9 17.5 17.3 34.7 10.9 7.5 14.2 14.0 14.7 5.0 8.6 6.4 9.3 11.1 7.4 9.9 5.8 17.5 14.6 8.1 7.6 7.6 9.4 19.4 16.9 16.9 17.5 17.3 34.7 10.9 7.5 14.2 14.0 14.7 5.0 8.6 6.4 9.3 11.1 7.4 9.9 5.8 17.5 14.7 9.0 7.8 7.7 9.6 20.0 17.3 17.3 18.0 17.7 35.1 13.0 7.8 14.3 14.1 14.8 5.0 8.8 6.6 10.6 11.2 7.5 10.0 5.9 17.9 14.7 9.0 7.8 7.7 9.6 20.0 17.3 17.3 18.0 17.7 35.1 13.0 7.8 14.3 14.1 14.8 5.0 8.8 6.6 10.6 11.2 7.5 10.0 5.9 17.9 15.8 9.6 11.0 8.8 20.6 20.2 17.5 17.5 18.2 17.9 36.8 14.0 9.8 14.4 14.2 14.9 5.0 9.2 6.9 11.2 13.8 12.9 10.2 6.8 18.4 15.8 9.6 11.0 8.8 20.6 20.2 17.5 17.5 18.2 17.9 36.8 14.0 9.8 14.4 14.2 14.9 5.0 9.3 7.0 11.2 13.8 12.9 10.2 6.8 18.4 15.9 9.8 11.0 8.8 20.6 20.4 17.6 17.6 18.3 18.0 36.8 14.7 9.9 14.4 14.2 14.9 5.0 9.3 7.0 11.6 13.8 12.9 10.2 6.8 18.4 15.9 9.8 11.0 8.8 20.6 20.4 17.6 17.6 18.3 18.0 36.8 14.7 9.9 14.4 14.2 14.9 5.0 9.3 7.0 11.6 13.8 12.9 10.2 6.8 18.4 15.9 9.8 11.0 8.8 20.6 20.4 17.6 17.6 18.3 18.0 36.8 14.7 9.9 14.4 14.2 14.9 5.0 9.3 7.0 11.6 13.8 12.9 10.2 6.8 18.4

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012.All rights reserved.

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Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point Rotorua Rotorua Rotorua Tarukenga Tarukenga Tarukenga Tauranga Tauranga Te Kaha Te Kaha Te Matai Te Matai Waiotahi

Point of service ROT0331 ROT1101 ROT1102 TRK0111 TRK1101 TRK2201 TGA0111 TGA0331 TKH0111 TKH0501 TMI0331 TMI1101 WAI0111

2012 9.6 8.3 7.9 10.9 17.3 10.8 14.4 13.3 0.8 0.3 7.5 6.5 8.5

2013 9.6 8.4 8.0 10.9 17.6 11.1 14.4 13.3 0.8 0.3 7.5 6.6 8.5

2014 8.9 6.9 6.5 10.6 11.8 11.0 14.4 13.3 0.8 0.3 7.5 6.5 8.5

2015 8.9 6.9 6.5 10.6 11.8 11.0 14.4 13.3 0.8 0.3 7.5 6.5 8.5

2016 9.4 8.9 7.1 10.7 13.4 11.3 14.4 13.4 0.8 0.3 7.6 6.7 8.6

2017 9.4 8.9 7.1 10.7 13.4 11.3 14.4 13.4 0.8 0.3 7.6 6.7 8.6

2018 9.8 10.0 8.0 10.9 17.3 29.1 15.7 16.3 0.8 0.3 8.3 9.2 8.6

2019 9.9 10.1 8.1 10.9 17.6 29.2 15.7 16.3 0.8 0.3 8.4 9.2 8.6

2020 9.9 10.1 8.1 10.9 17.6 29.3 15.7 16.3 0.8 0.3 8.4 9.2 8.7

2021 9.9 10.1 8.1 10.9 17.6 29.3 15.7 16.4 0.8 0.3 8.4 9.2 8.7

2022 9.9 10.1 8.1 10.9 17.6 29.3 15.7 16.4 0.8 0.3 8.4 9.2 8.7

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND Aratiatia Bunnythorpe Bunnythorpe Bunnythorpe Dannevirke Linton Linton Linton Linton Mangahao Mangamaire Mangamaire Marton Marton Marton Mataroa National Park Nga Awa Purua Ohaaki Ohaaki Ohakune Ongarue Poihipi Rangipo Tangiwai Tangiwai Tararua Wind Central Tokaanu ARA2201 BPE0331 BPE1101 BPE2201 DVK0111 LTN0331 LTN0332 LTN2201 LTN2202 MHO0331 MGM0331 MGM1101 MTN0331 MTN1101 MTN1102 MTR0331 NPK0331 NAP2201 OKI0331 OKI2201 OKN0111 ONG0331 PPI2201 RPO2201 TNG0111 TNG2201 TWC2201 TKU0331 16.2 15.8 12.6 12.2 16.2 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.9 9.0 4.6 4.8 6.6 5.2 5.2 3.6 1.6 15.7 2.3 13.3 4.7 2.6 14.2 6.7 19.7 5.0 8.5 3.8 17.9 15.9 12.8 12.6 16.3 8.8 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.0 4.6 4.8 6.6 5.3 5.3 3.6 1.6 17.1 2.3 14.2 4.7 2.6 16.5 6.8 19.7 5.0 8.6 3.8 18.5 15.9 12.9 12.6 16.3 8.9 8.8 8.9 9.2 9.0 4.6 4.8 6.6 5.3 5.3 3.6 1.6 18.0 2.3 14.7 4.7 2.6 17.0 7.1 19.8 5.1 8.6 3.8 20.7 16.0 13.1 13.1 16.3 8.9 8.8 9.2 9.7 9.0 4.6 4.9 6.6 5.3 5.3 3.6 1.6 19.9 2.3 16.0 4.7 2.6 22.9 7.2 19.8 5.1 8.9 3.8 21.3 16.0 13.1 13.1 16.3 8.9 8.8 9.2 9.7 9.0 4.6 4.9 6.6 5.3 5.3 3.6 1.6 20.4 2.3 16.3 4.7 2.6 23.6 7.2 19.8 5.1 9.0 3.8 21.3 16.0 13.1 13.2 16.3 8.9 8.8 9.2 9.7 9.0 4.6 4.9 6.6 5.3 5.3 3.6 1.6 20.4 2.3 16.7 4.7 2.6 23.6 7.3 19.8 5.2 9.0 3.8 22.6 16.1 13.3 13.8 16.4 8.9 8.9 9.5 10.3 9.0 4.6 4.9 6.6 5.3 5.3 3.6 1.6 21.8 2.3 17.8 4.7 2.6 25.2 7.4 19.9 5.2 9.4 3.8 22.7 16.3 13.7 14.8 16.4 9.0 9.0 9.9 11.4 9.0 4.6 4.9 6.7 5.4 5.4 3.6 1.6 22.0 2.3 17.8 4.7 2.6 25.4 7.4 19.9 5.2 10.1 3.8 22.8 16.3 13.7 14.8 16.4 9.0 9.0 9.9 11.5 9.1 4.6 4.9 6.7 5.4 5.4 3.6 1.6 22.0 2.3 17.9 4.7 2.6 25.5 7.4 19.9 5.2 10.1 3.8 22.8 16.3 13.7 14.8 16.4 9.0 9.0 9.9 11.5 9.1 4.6 4.9 6.7 5.4 5.4 3.6 1.6 22.0 2.3 17.9 4.7 2.6 25.5 7.4 19.9 5.2 10.1 3.8 22.8 16.4 13.8 15.2 16.4 9.0 9.1 10.1 12.0 9.1 4.6 5.0 6.7 5.5 5.4 3.6 1.6 22.0 2.3 17.9 4.7 2.6 25.4 7.4 19.9 5.2 10.4 3.8

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2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012.All rights reserved.

Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point Tokaanu Tokaanu Waipawa Waipawa Wairakei Wairakei Woodville Woodville

Point of service TKU2201 TKU2202 WPW0111 WPW0331 WRK0331 WRK2201 WDV0111 WDV1101

2012 11.6 11.6 4.2 4.8 21.3 19.8 10.1 7.5

2013 11.7 11.7 4.2 4.8 21.6 22.4 10.1 7.6

2014 11.9 11.9 4.2 4.8 21.7 23.4 10.1 7.6

2015 12.1 12.1 4.2 4.8 22.0 27.2 10.1 7.7

2016 12.2 12.2 4.2 4.8 22.1 28.2 10.1 7.7

2017 12.2 12.2 4.2 4.8 22.1 28.3 10.1 7.7

2018 12.4 12.4 4.2 4.8 22.2 30.7 10.1 7.8

2019 12.5 12.5 4.2 4.8 22.2 31.0 10.1 7.9

2020 12.5 12.5 4.2 4.8 22.2 31.1 10.1 7.9

2021 12.5 12.5 4.2 4.8 22.2 31.1 10.1 7.9

2022 12.5 12.5 4.2 4.8 22.2 31.1 10.2 8.0

TARANAKI Brunswick Brunswick Carrington Street Hawera Hawera Hawera Hawera Huirangi Huirangi Kapuni Motunui New Plymouth New Plymouth New Plymouth Opunake Stratford Stratford Stratford Taumarunui Wanganui Wanganui Waverley Waverley BRK0331 BRK2201 CST0331 HWA0331 HWA0332 HWA1101 HWA1102 HUI0331 HUI1101 KPA1101 MNI1101 NPL0331 NPL1101 NPL2201 OPK0331 SFD0331 SFD1101 SFD2201 TMN2201 WGN0331 WGN1101 WVY0111 WVY1101 8.9 10.1 12.7 8.0 4.7 7.4 7.4 6.0 7.8 5.4 7.2 10.1 11.2 8.5 4.3 7.4 11.8 12.7 4.2 6.4 5.1 2.7 4.2 9.0 10.4 13.4 8.1 4.7 7.6 7.6 6.2 9.3 5.5 9.3 10.4 12.7 9.2 4.3 7.4 12.3 13.5 4.3 6.4 5.2 2.7 4.5 9.0 10.4 13.4 8.1 4.7 7.6 7.6 6.2 9.3 5.5 9.3 10.4 12.7 9.2 4.3 7.4 12.3 13.5 4.3 6.4 5.2 2.7 4.5 9.0 10.9 13.6 8.1 4.7 7.6 7.6 6.2 9.6 5.6 9.5 10.6 13.3 10.0 4.4 7.5 12.8 15.6 4.4 6.4 5.2 2.7 4.5 9.0 11.0 13.6 8.2 4.7 7.7 7.7 6.2 9.7 5.6 9.6 10.6 13.5 10.2 4.4 7.5 13.0 16.1 4.4 6.4 5.2 2.7 4.5 9.0 11.0 13.6 8.2 4.7 7.7 7.7 6.2 9.7 5.6 9.6 10.6 13.5 10.2 4.4 7.5 13.0 16.1 4.4 6.4 5.2 2.7 4.5 9.1 11.4 13.7 8.2 4.7 7.7 7.7 6.3 9.9 5.7 9.7 10.7 13.9 10.9 4.4 7.5 13.3 17.8 4.4 6.4 5.2 2.8 4.5 9.1 11.4 13.7 8.2 4.7 7.7 7.7 6.3 9.9 5.7 9.7 10.7 13.9 10.9 4.4 7.5 13.3 17.8 4.4 6.5 5.3 2.8 4.5 9.1 11.4 14.2 8.2 4.8 7.9 7.9 6.4 10.6 5.7 10.2 11.0 16.2 11.0 4.4 7.5 13.4 17.8 4.4 6.5 5.4 2.8 5.2 9.1 11.4 14.0 8.2 4.8 7.9 7.9 6.3 10.2 5.7 9.9 10.9 15.2 10.9 4.4 7.5 13.3 17.8 4.4 6.5 5.4 2.8 5.2 9.1 11.5 14.0 8.2 4.8 7.9 7.9 6.3 10.2 5.7 9.9 10.9 15.2 10.9 4.4 7.5 13.3 17.8 4.4 6.5 5.4 2.8 5.2

HAWKES BAY Fernhill Fernhill Gisborne Gisborne Redclyffe Redclyffe Redclyffe Tuai FHL0331 FHL1101 GIS0501 GIS1101 RDF0331 RDF1101 RDF2201 TUI0111 9.1 6.6 3.5 2.2 9.5 7.4 6.0 1.1 9.2 6.7 3.6 2.2 9.5 7.5 6.2 1.1 9.2 6.7 3.6 2.2 9.5 7.6 6.2 1.1 9.2 6.7 3.6 2.2 9.6 7.6 6.4 1.1 9.2 6.8 3.6 2.2 9.6 7.7 6.5 1.1 9.3 6.8 3.6 2.2 9.6 7.7 6.6 1.1 9.3 6.8 3.6 2.2 9.6 7.7 6.6 1.1 9.3 6.9 3.6 2.2 9.6 7.8 6.7 1.1 9.3 6.9 3.6 2.2 9.6 7.8 6.7 1.1 9.3 6.9 3.6 2.2 9.7 7.9 6.8 1.1 9.3 6.9 3.6 2.2 9.7 7.9 6.8 1.1

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012.All rights reserved.

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Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point Tuai Wairoa Whakatu Whakatu Whirinaki Whirinaki Whirinaki Whirinaki

Point of service TUI1101 WRA0111 WTU0331 WTU2201 WHI0111 WHI0112 WHI0113 WHI2201

2012 5.8 9.1 12.2 5.2 22.0 21.9 22.3 5.9

2013 5.8 9.1 12.3 5.3 22.1 22.0 22.4 6.1

2014 5.8 9.1 12.4 5.3 22.1 22.0 22.5 6.1

2015 5.8 9.1 12.5 5.5 22.2 22.1 22.6 6.3

2016 5.9 9.1 12.5 5.5 22.3 22.2 22.7 6.4

2017 5.9 9.2 12.6 5.6 22.4 22.3 22.7 6.6

2018 5.9 9.2 12.6 5.6 22.4 22.3 22.7 6.6

2019 5.9 9.2 12.7 5.7 22.5 22.4 22.8 6.7

2020 5.9 9.2 12.7 5.7 22.5 22.4 22.8 6.7

2021 5.9 9.2 12.7 5.8 22.5 22.4 22.9 6.8

2022 5.9 9.2 12.7 5.8 22.5 22.4 22.9 6.8

WELLINGTON Central Park Central Park Gracefield Greytown Haywards Haywards Haywards Haywards Kaiwharawhara Masterton Melling Melling Paraparaumu Pauatahanui Takapu Road Takapu Road Upper Hutt West Wind West Wind Wilton Wilton Wilton CPK0111 CPK0331 GFD0331 GYT0331 HAY0111 HAY0331 HAY1101 HAY2201 KWA0111 MST0331 MLG0111 MLG0331 PRM0331 PNI0331 TKR0331 TKR1101 UHT0331 WWD1101 WWD1102 WIL0331 WIL1101 WIL2201 7.2 18.3 13.2 3.8 12.6 3.9 17.3 10.4 7.9 7.2 13.5 9.3 7.9 6.2 14.3 14.5 9.5 8.3 8.2 13.1 12.4 7.7 7.2 18.6 13.3 3.8 12.6 4.0 18.4 10.8 8.0 7.2 13.6 9.4 8.0 6.3 14.5 15.2 9.5 8.4 8.4 13.2 12.8 8.0 7.2 18.6 13.3 3.8 12.6 4.0 18.4 10.8 8.0 7.2 13.6 9.4 8.0 6.3 14.5 15.2 9.5 8.4 8.4 13.2 12.8 8.0 7.2 18.7 13.4 3.8 12.6 4.0 18.8 11.1 8.0 7.2 13.6 9.4 8.0 6.3 14.6 15.5 9.6 8.5 8.5 14.3 13.0 8.2 7.2 18.7 13.4 3.8 12.6 4.0 18.8 11.1 8.0 7.2 13.6 9.4 8.0 6.3 14.6 15.5 9.6 8.5 8.5 14.3 13.0 8.2 7.2 18.7 13.4 3.8 12.6 4.0 18.8 11.2 8.0 7.2 13.6 9.4 8.0 6.3 14.6 15.5 9.6 8.5 8.5 14.3 13.0 8.2 7.4 22.4 16.3 3.8 12.7 4.0 20.2 11.8 8.0 7.2 13.7 9.5 8.1 6.3 14.9 16.7 9.7 9.1 9.1 14.4 14.3 8.7 7.4 22.4 16.3 3.8 12.7 4.0 20.4 12.1 8.0 7.3 13.7 9.5 8.1 6.3 14.9 16.8 9.7 9.2 9.1 14.5 14.4 8.8 7.4 22.6 16.4 3.8 12.7 4.0 20.5 12.1 8.0 7.3 13.7 9.5 8.1 6.4 15.0 16.9 9.7 9.2 9.2 14.5 14.4 8.9 7.4 22.6 16.4 3.8 12.7 4.0 20.5 12.1 8.0 7.3 13.7 9.5 8.1 6.4 15.0 16.9 9.7 9.2 9.2 14.5 14.4 8.9 7.4 22.8 16.4 3.8 12.7 4.0 20.5 12.5 8.0 7.3 13.7 9.5 8.1 6.4 15.0 16.9 9.7 9.3 9.2 14.6 14.6 9.0

NELSON-MARLBOROUGH Argyle Blenheim Blenheim Cobb Motueka Motupipi Stoke Stoke Stoke Upper Takaka ARG1101 BLN0331 BLN1101 COB0661 MOT0111 MPI0661 STK0331 STK1101 STK2201 UTK0661 2.6 6.6 2.6 2.9 7.7 1.6 11.1 3.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 6.6 2.6 2.9 7.7 1.6 11.1 3.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 6.6 2.6 2.9 7.7 1.6 11.1 3.9 2.6 2.6 2.9 7.0 2.8 3.0 7.8 1.7 11.9 4.4 2.9 2.6 2.9 7.1 2.8 3.0 7.8 1.7 12.0 4.4 3.0 2.7 3.3 12.2 4.1 3.0 7.9 1.7 12.9 5.3 3.4 2.7 3.3 12.2 4.1 3.0 7.9 1.7 12.9 5.3 3.4 2.7 3.3 12.2 4.1 3.0 7.9 1.7 12.9 5.3 3.4 2.7 3.3 12.2 4.1 3.0 7.9 1.7 12.9 5.3 3.4 2.7 3.3 12.2 4.1 3.0 7.9 1.7 12.9 5.3 3.4 2.7 3.3 12.2 4.1 3.0 7.9 1.7 12.9 5.3 3.4 2.7

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2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012.All rights reserved.

Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point

Point of service

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

WEST COAST Arthurs Pass Atarau Castle Hill Dobson Greymouth Hokitika Inangahua Kikiwa Kikiwa Kumara Murchison Otira Reefton Orowaiti Orowaiti Orowaiti Westport APS0111 ATU1101 CLH0111 DOB0331 GYM0661 HKK0661 IGH1101 KIK0111 KIK2201 KUM0661 MCH0111 OTI0111 RFN1101 ORO1101 ORO1102 ROB0331 WPT0111 2.2 1.5 2.8 3.0 2.5 1.7 2.2 2.9 3.1 2.3 2.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 3.5 8.6 2.2 1.5 2.8 3.0 2.5 1.7 2.2 2.9 3.1 2.3 2.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 3.5 8.6 2.2 1.5 2.8 3.0 2.5 1.7 2.2 2.9 3.1 2.3 2.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 3.5 8.6 2.3 1.9 2.8 3.7 3.5 1.8 3.7 2.9 3.5 2.8 2.7 1.6 2.7 2.5 2.5 4.7 11.1 2.3 2.0 2.8 3.7 3.5 1.8 4.2 2.9 3.6 2.8 2.7 1.6 2.8 3.1 2.7 5.1 11.9 2.3 2.1 2.8 3.9 3.6 1.8 4.3 3.0 4.0 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.9 3.1 2.7 5.1 11.9 2.3 2.1 2.8 3.9 3.6 1.8 4.3 3.0 4.0 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.9 3.1 2.7 5.1 11.9 2.3 2.1 2.8 3.9 3.6 1.8 4.3 3.0 4.0 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.9 3.1 2.7 5.1 11.9 2.3 2.1 2.8 3.9 3.6 1.8 4.3 3.0 4.0 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.9 3.1 2.7 5.1 11.9 2.3 2.1 2.8 3.9 3.6 3.4 4.3 3.0 4.0 3.5 2.7 1.7 2.9 3.1 2.7 5.1 11.9 2.3 2.1 2.8 3.9 3.6 3.4 4.3 3.0 4.0 3.5 2.7 1.7 2.9 3.1 2.7 5.1 11.9

CANTERBURY Addington Addington Addington Ashburton Ashburton Ashburton Ashley Ashley Bromley Bromley Bromley Coleridge Coleridge Culverden Culverden Hororata Hororata Islington Islington Islington Kaiapoi Middleton Tee ADD0111 ADD0112 ADD0661 ASB0331 ASB0661 ASB2201 ASY0111 ASY0661 BRY0111 BRY0661 BRY2201 COL0111 COL0661 CUL0331 CUL0661 HOR0331 HOR0661 ISL0331 ISL0661 ISL2201 KAI0111 MLN0661 15.9 15.4 11.0 9.7 7.7 7.1 8.6 5.0 14.6 10.5 5.6 1.6 4.2 7.1 1.6 2.8 4.5 14.5 15.0 6.6 12.9 11.3 15.9 15.4 11.0 9.7 7.7 7.1 8.6 5.0 15.1 12.2 5.6 1.6 4.2 7.1 1.6 2.8 4.5 14.5 15.0 6.6 12.9 11.3 15.9 15.4 11.0 9.7 7.7 7.1 8.6 5.0 15.1 12.2 5.6 1.6 4.2 7.1 1.6 2.8 4.5 14.5 15.0 6.6 12.9 11.3 16.0 15.5 11.5 9.8 7.9 7.5 8.7 5.2 15.6 14.1 6.2 1.6 4.3 7.2 1.6 2.8 4.5 14.9 15.9 7.2 13.0 11.8 16.0 15.5 11.5 9.8 7.9 7.6 8.7 5.2 15.6 14.2 6.2 1.6 4.3 7.2 1.6 2.8 4.5 15.0 16.0 7.2 13.1 11.9 16.1 15.6 11.8 9.9 7.9 7.8 8.7 5.2 15.6 14.5 6.4 1.6 4.3 7.3 1.6 2.8 4.6 15.2 16.5 7.6 13.1 12.2 16.4 15.8 12.6 9.9 8.0 8.0 8.7 5.3 15.7 14.8 6.6 1.6 4.3 7.3 1.6 2.8 4.6 15.4 18.1 8.0 13.2 13.0 16.4 15.8 12.6 9.9 8.0 7.9 8.7 5.3 15.7 14.6 6.6 1.6 4.3 7.4 1.6 2.8 4.6 15.4 18.1 7.9 13.2 13.0 16.4 15.8 12.6 9.9 8.0 8.0 8.7 5.3 15.7 14.7 6.6 1.6 4.3 7.4 1.6 2.8 4.6 15.4 18.1 8.0 13.2 13.0 16.4 15.8 12.6 9.9 8.0 8.0 8.7 5.3 15.7 14.7 6.6 1.6 4.4 7.4 1.6 2.8 4.6 15.4 18.1 8.0 13.2 13.0 16.4 15.8 12.6 9.9 8.0 8.0 8.7 5.3 15.7 14.7 6.6 1.6 4.4 7.4 1.6 2.8 4.6 15.4 18.1 8.0 13.2 13.0

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012.All rights reserved.

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Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point Middleton Tee Southbrook Springston Springston Waipara Waipara

Point of service MLN0662 SBK0331 SPN0331 SPN0661 WPR0331 WPR0661

2012 11.3 6.0 6.9 7.7 1.8 8.1

2013 11.3 6.0 6.9 7.7 1.8 8.1

2014 11.3 6.0 6.9 7.7 1.8 8.1

2015 11.8 6.1 7.0 7.9 1.8 8.8

2016 11.9 6.1 7.0 7.9 1.8 8.8

2017 12.2 6.1 7.0 8.0 1.8 9.0

2018 13.0 6.2 7.2 8.4 1.8 9.1

2019 13.0 6.2 7.2 8.4 1.8 9.2

2020 13.0 6.2 7.2 8.4 1.8 9.2

2021 13.0 6.2 7.2 8.4 1.8 9.2

2022 13.0 6.2 7.2 8.4 1.8 9.2

SOUTH CANTERBURY Albury Aviemore Bells Pond Benmore Benmore Black Point Livingstone Oamaru Ohau A Ohau B Ohau C Opihi Opihi Studholme Tekapo A Tekapo A Tekapo B Temuka Timaru Twizel Twizel Waitaki Waitaki ABY0111 AVI2201 BPD1101 BEN0161 BEN2201 BPT1101 LIV2201 OAM0331 OHA2201 OHB2201 OHC2201 OPI2201 OPI2202 STU0111 TKA0111 TKA0331 TKB2201 TMK0331 TIM0111 TWZ0331 TWZ2201 WTK0331 WTK2201 4.4 15.6 2.8 97.7 19.4 3.5 7.9 5.4 17.6 19.1 17.1 7.1 7.1 7.4 14.5 1.3 11.8 6.5 20.3 9.0 20.5 0.6 12.4 4.4 15.6 2.8 97.8 19.5 3.5 7.9 5.4 17.6 19.1 17.1 7.2 7.2 7.4 14.5 1.3 11.8 6.5 20.3 9.0 20.5 0.6 12.5 4.4 15.8 2.8 97.8 19.5 3.5 9.0 5.4 17.6 19.1 17.1 7.2 7.2 7.4 14.5 1.3 11.8 6.5 20.3 9.0 20.6 0.6 13.3 4.4 17.1 2.8 98.1 20.0 3.5 9.4 5.4 18.0 19.5 17.4 7.3 7.3 7.4 14.5 1.3 12.0 6.5 20.3 9.0 21.0 0.6 14.2 4.4 17.4 2.8 98.2 20.3 3.5 9.8 5.4 18.2 19.8 17.6 7.4 7.4 7.4 14.5 1.3 12.4 6.5 20.4 9.0 21.4 0.6 14.5 4.4 17.5 2.8 98.3 20.4 3.5 9.9 5.4 18.3 20.0 17.7 7.5 7.5 7.4 14.5 1.3 12.5 6.5 20.4 9.0 21.6 0.6 14.6 4.4 19.3 2.9 99.0 21.8 3.7 11.8 5.6 18.7 20.5 18.2 7.5 7.5 7.5 14.5 1.3 12.6 6.5 20.4 9.0 22.2 0.6 16.7 4.4 19.3 2.9 99.0 21.8 3.7 11.9 5.6 18.8 20.5 18.2 7.5 7.5 7.5 14.5 1.3 12.6 6.5 20.4 9.0 22.2 0.6 16.7 4.4 19.4 2.9 99.1 22.1 3.7 11.9 5.6 19.0 20.9 18.5 7.6 7.6 7.5 14.5 1.3 12.8 6.6 20.4 9.1 22.7 0.6 16.8 4.4 19.4 2.9 99.2 22.1 3.7 11.9 5.6 19.1 20.9 18.5 7.6 7.6 7.5 14.5 1.3 12.8 6.6 20.4 9.1 22.7 0.6 16.8 4.4 19.5 2.9 99.2 22.2 3.7 12.0 5.6 19.2 21.0 18.6 7.6 7.6 7.5 14.5 1.3 12.9 6.6 20.4 9.1 22.8 0.6 16.9

OTAGO-SOUTHLAND Balclutha Berwick Brydone Clyde Clyde Cromwell Edendale Edendale Frankton Gore Gore BAL0331 BWK1101 BDE0111 CYD0331 CYD2201 CML0331 EDN0331 EDN1101 FKN0331 GOR0331 GOR1101 3.8 4.9 12.7 10.4 14.8 10.4 6.1 3.8 7.6 6.2 3.8 3.8 4.8 12.3 10.4 14.9 10.4 5.7 3.3 7.6 6.0 3.6 3.8 4.8 12.3 10.4 14.9 10.4 5.7 3.3 7.6 6.0 3.6 3.6 4.8 13.7 10.4 15.2 11.6 6.6 4.4 7.7 7.5 6.2 3.6 4.8 13.7 10.5 16.0 11.7 6.6 4.4 7.8 7.5 6.3 3.6 4.9 13.7 10.5 16.3 11.7 6.6 4.5 7.8 7.6 6.3 3.6 4.9 13.7 10.5 16.5 11.7 6.6 4.5 7.8 7.6 6.3 3.6 4.9 13.7 10.5 16.7 11.7 6.6 4.5 7.8 7.6 6.3 3.6 4.9 13.8 10.6 17.8 11.8 6.6 4.5 7.8 7.6 6.4 3.6 4.9 13.8 10.6 17.8 11.8 6.6 4.5 7.8 7.6 6.4 3.6 4.9 13.8 10.6 17.8 11.8 6.7 4.6 7.8 7.7 6.6

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2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012.All rights reserved.

Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point Halfway Bush Halfway Bush Halfway Bush Halfway Bush Invercargill Invercargill Invercargill Manapouri Naseby Naseby North Makarewa North Makarewa Palmerston Roxburgh Roxburgh South Dunedin South Dunedin Three Mile Hill Tiwai

Point of service HWB0331 HWB0332 HWB1101 HWB2201 INV0331 INV1101 INV2201 MAN2201 NSY0331 NSY2201 NMA0331 NMA2201 PAL0331 ROX1101 ROX2201 SDN0331 SDN2201 TMH2201 TWI2201

2012 16.0 13.9 9.1 7.8 17.4 5.7 9.6 11.5 7.7 5.9 10.5 9.7 1.7 8.9 15.0 17.2 7.3 8.2 8.6

2013 16.0 13.9 9.2 7.8 17.4 4.1 9.6 11.5 7.8 5.9 10.5 9.7 1.7 10.4 15.2 17.2 7.3 8.2 8.6

2014 16.0 13.9 9.2 7.8 17.4 4.1 9.6 11.5 7.8 6.2 10.5 9.7 1.7 10.4 15.2 17.2 7.3 8.2 8.6

2015 16.9 14.2 10.2 8.6 17.5 5.6 9.7 11.7 7.9 6.9 10.5 10.0 1.7 10.2 15.6 17.7 7.9 9.0 8.8

2016 16.9 14.2 10.3 8.7 17.6 5.7 9.9 11.7 8.0 7.6 10.5 10.1 1.7 10.3 16.5 17.8 8.1 9.2 8.9

2017 17.0 14.3 10.4 8.9 17.6 5.7 10.0 11.8 8.0 7.7 10.6 10.2 1.7 10.3 16.9 17.9 8.3 9.5 9.0

2018 17.0 14.3 10.4 9.0 17.8 5.7 10.3 12.0 8.1 8.3 10.6 10.6 1.7 10.4 17.2 18.0 8.3 9.5 9.3

2019 17.1 14.4 10.5 9.2 17.8 5.7 10.3 12.0 8.1 8.3 10.6 10.6 1.7 10.4 17.5 18.1 8.5 9.8 9.3

2020 17.2 14.5 10.7 9.5 17.8 5.7 10.3 12.0 8.1 8.4 10.6 10.7 1.7 10.5 19.6 18.3 8.8 10.1 9.3

2021 17.2 14.5 10.7 9.5 17.8 5.7 10.3 12.0 8.1 8.4 10.6 10.7 1.7 10.5 19.6 18.3 8.8 10.1 9.3

2022 17.4 14.6 10.8 9.9 17.9 5.8 10.6 12.2 8.1 8.4 10.7 11.0 1.7 10.5 19.7 18.5 9.1 10.6 9.5

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012.All rights reserved.

357

Appendix C: Fault Levels

Table C.3: Ten year forecast of single-phase maximum fault levels, of service
Grid exit point NORTHLAND Albany Albany Bream Bay Henderson Henderson Hepburn Road Huapai Marsden Marsden Maungatapere Maungaturoto Maungaturoto ALB1101 ALB2201 BRB2201 HEN1101 HEN2201 HEP1101 HPI2201 MDN1101 MDN2201 MPE1101 MTO1101 MTO1102 13.5 11.2 4.9 24.0 14.8 17.9 11.3 8.7 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 13.5 11.3 4.9 24.0 14.8 18.0 11.3 8.7 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 15.3 15.8 5.2 26.3 16.8 19.0 13.2 9.1 5.2 4.7 4.7 4.7 15.4 16.0 5.2 26.7 17.1 19.4 13.4 9.1 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 15.5 16.2 5.3 26.9 17.3 19.5 13.5 9.1 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 15.9 17.3 7.7 28.3 18.4 20.2 14.6 11.2 7.6 5.1 5.1 5.1 16.0 17.4 7.8 28.5 18.5 20.2 14.7 11.3 7.6 5.1 5.1 5.1 16.0 17.4 7.8 28.4 18.5 20.1 14.7 11.3 7.6 5.1 5.1 5.1 Point of service 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

(kA) of each point


2019 2020 2021

16.4 18.5 7.9 29.9 19.8 20.8 15.5 11.4 7.7 5.6 5.5 5.5

16.4 18.5 7.9 30.1 19.8 21.1 15.5 11.4 7.7 6.2 6.1 6.1

16.5 18.5 8.3 30.5 19.8 21.6 15.6 12.1 8.7 6.2 6.1 6.1

AUCKLAND Bombay Drury Glenbrook Mangere Otahuhu Otahuhu Otahuhu Otahuhu B Penrose Penrose Mt Roskill Southdown BOB1102 DRY2201 GLN2201 MNG1101 OTA1101 OTA1102 OTA2201 OTC2201 PEN1101 PEN2201 ROS1101 SWN2201 5.8 13.6 10.5 16.6 22.0 28.5 24.6 24.6 25.3 17.6 15.5 17.9 5.8 13.7 10.5 16.6 22.0 27.4 25.0 25.0 25.0 20.8 15.5 18.1 5.8 14.2 10.8 17.2 23.2 29.2 27.8 27.8 28.9 23.7 16.2 19.3 5.9 14.4 10.9 17.4 23.4 29.7 28.6 28.6 29.3 24.3 16.4 19.7 5.9 14.5 11.0 17.5 23.6 30.0 29.2 29.2 29.6 24.9 16.5 20.0 5.9 14.7 11.1 18.6 24.8 30.4 30.0 30.0 30.2 25.6 16.9 20.5 5.9 14.7 11.1 18.6 24.8 30.7 30.5 30.5 30.4 25.9 16.9 20.8 5.9 15.3 11.3 18.8 25.1 30.9 31.3 31.3 30.6 26.3 17.1 21.9 5.9 15.6 11.5 19.3 26.0 32.5 35.2 35.2 32.2 28.9 17.6 22.6 5.9 16.3 11.8 19.5 26.3 32.5 35.2 35.2 32.2 28.9 17.9 22.8 5.9 17.2 15.2 19.8 26.7 32.5 35.2 35.2 32.2 28.9 18.9 23.3

WAIKATO Arapuni Atiamuri Hamilton Hamilton Huntly Hangatiki Karapiro Maraetai Ohakuri Te Awamutu Te Kowhai Whakamaru Waipapa ARI1101 ATI2201 HAM1101 HAM2201 HLY2201 HTI1101 KPO1101 MTI2201 OHK2201 TMU1101 TWH2201 WKM2201 WPA2201 12.6 16.9 13.1 10.5 32.1 2.7 8.3 21.0 16.5 2.8 8.8 24.5 11.8 12.6 17.3 13.2 10.5 32.3 2.7 8.3 21.3 17.0 2.8 8.8 25.1 11.9 12.5 17.3 13.2 10.6 32.9 2.7 8.3 22.2 17.1 2.8 8.8 26.7 12.1 12.5 17.4 13.2 10.7 34.8 2.7 8.3 23.6 17.2 2.8 8.9 30.4 12.5 12.7 17.5 13.3 10.7 35.1 3.0 8.4 23.8 17.3 2.8 8.9 30.9 12.6 12.7 17.6 13.3 10.8 35.5 3.0 8.4 23.9 17.4 2.8 9.0 31.1 12.6 12.7 21.6 13.3 10.7 35.2 3.0 8.4 25.1 20.4 2.8 9.0 33.6 12.9 13.0 21.7 13.4 10.8 37.0 3.1 8.4 25.2 20.5 2.8 9.0 33.9 13.0 13.0 21.7 13.4 10.8 35.0 3.1 8.4 25.4 20.5 2.8 9.0 34.1 13.0 13.1 21.7 13.4 10.9 36.5 3.3 8.4 25.4 20.5 2.8 9.0 34.2 13.0 13.1 21.7 13.4 10.9 35.0 3.3 8.4 25.3 20.5 2.8 9.0 34.0 13.0

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2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012.All rights reserved.

Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point

Point of service

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

BAY OF PLENTY Edgecumbe Edgecumbe Kawerau Kawerau Kinleith Kaitimako Lichfield Tee Matahina Mt Maunganui Owhata Rotorua Rotorua Te Matai Tarukenga Tarukenga EDG1101 EDG2201 KAW1101 KAW2201 KIN1101 KMO1101 LFD1101 MAT1101 MTM1101 OWH1101 ROT1101 ROT1102 TMI1101 TRK1101 TRK2201 7.0 7.6 12.0 7.7 8.5 10.6 5.8 9.4 7.0 4.0 6.5 6.1 5.1 21.1 11.6 7.2 7.8 12.6 7.8 8.5 10.7 5.8 9.7 7.0 4.0 6.5 6.1 5.1 21.4 11.8 7.2 7.7 12.6 7.8 8.2 10.5 5.5 9.7 6.9 3.9 5.5 5.1 5.1 12.4 9.2 7.2 7.7 12.6 7.8 8.2 10.5 5.5 9.7 6.9 3.9 5.5 5.1 5.1 12.4 9.3 7.8 7.9 14.9 8.1 8.3 10.6 5.6 10.7 7.0 3.9 7.7 5.7 5.1 13.9 9.5 7.8 7.9 14.9 8.1 8.3 10.6 5.6 10.7 7.0 3.9 7.7 5.7 5.1 13.9 9.5 8.1 9.8 15.8 9.5 8.5 25.3 5.8 11.1 11.2 4.2 8.2 6.2 6.4 17.1 17.4 8.1 9.8 15.8 9.5 8.6 25.3 5.8 11.1 11.2 4.2 8.3 6.2 6.4 17.4 17.5 8.2 9.8 16.5 9.6 8.6 25.3 5.8 11.4 11.2 4.2 8.3 6.2 6.4 17.4 17.5 8.2 9.8 16.5 9.6 8.6 25.4 5.8 11.4 11.2 4.2 8.3 6.2 6.4 17.4 17.5 8.2 9.8 16.5 9.6 8.6 25.4 5.8 11.4 11.2 4.2 8.3 6.2 6.4 17.4 17.5

CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND Aratiatia Bunnythorpe Bunnythorpe Linton Linton Mangamaire Nga Awa Purua Ohaaki Poihipi Rangipo Tokaanu Tokaanu Tangiwai Tararua Wind Central Woodville Wairakei ARA2201 BPE1101 BPE2201 LTN2201 LTN2202 MGM1101 NAP2201 OKI2201 PPI2201 RPO2201 TKU2201 TKU2202 TNG2201 TWC2201 WDV1101 WRK2201 16.3 13.0 12.3 7.4 6.3 2.8 16.2 11.3 13.0 6.6 11.1 11.1 3.6 7.8 4.6 21.5 17.7 12.3 12.3 7.4 6.3 2.8 17.4 11.8 15.1 6.6 11.2 11.2 3.6 7.8 4.6 24.1 18.1 12.3 12.4 7.4 6.3 2.8 18.3 12.1 15.4 6.9 11.3 11.3 3.7 7.8 4.6 25.0 20.2 12.5 12.8 7.6 6.9 2.8 20.1 12.8 21.7 7.0 11.4 11.4 3.7 8.3 4.6 29.3 20.4 12.5 12.8 7.6 6.9 2.8 20.3 13.4 22.0 7.0 11.4 11.4 3.7 8.3 4.6 29.8 20.4 12.5 12.8 7.6 6.9 2.8 20.3 13.7 22.0 7.1 11.4 11.4 3.7 8.3 4.6 29.8 21.4 12.7 13.3 7.9 7.5 2.8 21.5 14.2 23.2 7.1 11.6 11.6 3.7 8.8 4.6 32.2 21.5 13.0 14.1 8.3 8.7 2.8 21.6 14.3 23.3 7.1 11.6 11.6 3.7 9.6 4.7 32.4 21.6 13.3 14.1 8.3 8.7 2.8 21.6 14.3 23.3 7.1 11.6 11.6 3.7 9.6 4.7 32.5 21.6 13.3 14.1 8.3 8.7 2.8 21.7 14.3 23.3 7.1 11.7 11.7 3.7 9.6 4.7 32.5 21.6 13.3 14.5 8.4 9.2 2.8 21.6 14.3 23.3 7.1 11.6 11.6 3.7 10.0 4.7 32.5

TARANAKI Brunswick Huirangi Hawera Hawera Kapuni Marton BRK2201 HUI1101 HWA1101 HWA1102 KPA1101 MTN1101 6.9 7.0 7.5 7.5 3.8 3.3 7.0 8.2 6.7 6.7 3.8 3.3 7.0 8.2 6.7 6.7 3.8 3.3 7.2 8.3 6.8 6.8 3.9 3.3 7.2 8.3 6.8 6.8 3.9 3.3 7.2 8.3 6.8 6.8 3.9 3.3 7.3 8.4 6.8 6.8 3.9 3.3 7.3 8.4 6.8 6.8 3.9 3.3 7.3 8.8 6.8 6.8 3.9 3.4 7.3 8.6 6.8 6.8 3.9 3.4 7.4 8.6 6.8 6.8 3.9 3.4

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012.All rights reserved.

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Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point Marton Motunui New Plymouth New Plymouth Stratford Stratford Taumarunui Wanganui Waverley

Point of service MTN1102 MNI1101 NPL1101 NPL2201 SFD1101 SFD2201 TMN2201 WGN1101 WVY1101

2011 3.3 7.2 12.8 7.9 12.9 14.9 2.8 3.1 2.9

2012 3.3 9.3 14.0 8.3 13.3 15.6 2.8 2.2 1.1

2013 3.3 9.3 14.0 8.3 13.3 15.6 2.8 2.2 1.1

2014 3.3 9.4 14.5 8.8 13.8 17.8 2.8 2.2 1.1

2015 3.3 9.5 14.7 8.9 13.9 18.4 2.8 2.2 1.1

2016 3.3 9.5 14.7 8.9 13.9 18.3 2.8 2.2 1.1

2017 3.3 9.6 15.0 9.2 14.2 20.1 2.8 2.2 1.1

2018 3.3 9.6 15.0 9.2 14.2 20.1 2.8 2.2 1.1

2019 3.4 9.9 17.5 9.5 14.2 20.1 2.9 2.8 1.9

2020 3.4 9.7 16.7 9.2 14.2 20.1 2.9 2.8 1.9

2021 3.4 9.7 16.7 9.2 14.2 20.1 2.9 2.8 1.9

HAWKES BAY Fernhill Gisborne Redclyffe Redclyffe Tuai Whirinaki Whakatu FHL1101 GIS1101 RDF1101 RDF2201 TUI1101 WHI2201 WTU2201 5.1 1.4 6.1 4.4 7.0 5.3 3.7 5.2 1.4 6.1 4.5 7.0 5.4 3.8 5.2 1.4 6.2 4.5 7.0 5.4 3.8 5.2 1.4 6.2 4.6 7.0 5.5 3.8 5.2 1.4 6.3 4.7 7.0 5.7 3.9 5.3 1.4 6.3 4.7 7.0 5.8 3.9 5.3 1.4 6.3 4.7 7.0 5.8 3.9 5.3 1.4 6.3 4.8 7.1 5.9 4.0 5.3 1.4 6.3 4.8 7.1 5.9 4.0 5.3 1.4 6.4 4.8 7.1 6.0 4.0 5.3 1.4 6.4 4.8 7.1 6.0 4.0

WELLINGTON Haywards Haywards Takapu Road Wilton Wilton West Wind West Wind HAY1101 HAY2201 TKR1101 WIL1101 WIL2201 WWD1101 WWD1102 19.6 12.4 11.7 10.5 7.3 6.0 6.0 20.4 12.7 11.9 10.6 7.4 6.0 6.0 20.5 12.9 12.0 10.6 7.4 6.1 6.0 20.8 13.2 12.1 10.8 7.6 6.1 6.1 20.9 13.2 12.1 10.8 7.6 6.1 6.1 20.9 13.3 12.1 10.8 7.6 6.1 6.1 22.2 13.9 12.6 11.3 7.9 6.3 6.3 22.4 14.2 12.7 11.4 8.0 6.3 6.3 22.5 14.3 12.7 11.4 8.0 6.3 6.3 22.5 14.3 12.7 11.4 8.0 6.3 6.3 22.5 14.7 12.8 11.5 8.1 6.3 6.3

NELSON-MARLBOROUGH Argyle Blenheim Stoke Stoke ARG1101 BLN1101 STK1101 STK2201 2.6 2.3 4.6 2.7 2.6 2.3 4.6 2.7 2.6 2.3 4.6 2.7 2.7 2.4 5.0 2.9 2.7 2.4 5.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 5.8 3.2 3.0 2.9 5.8 3.2 3.0 2.9 5.8 3.2 3.0 2.9 5.8 3.2 3.0 2.9 5.8 3.2 3.0 2.9 5.8 3.2

WEST COAST Atarau Inangahua Kikiwa Orowaiti Orowaiti Reefton ATU1101 IGH1101 KIK2201 ORO1101 ORO1102 RFN1101 1.5 2.1 3.5 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.5 2.1 3.5 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.5 2.1 3.5 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.8 3.5 3.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.8 3.8 3.9 2.6 2.1 2.3 1.9 3.9 4.2 2.6 2.1 2.3 1.9 3.9 4.2 2.6 2.1 2.3 1.9 3.9 4.2 2.6 2.1 2.3 1.9 3.9 4.2 2.6 2.1 2.3 1.9 3.9 4.2 2.6 2.1 2.3 1.9 3.9 4.2 2.6 2.1 2.3

CANTERBURY Ashburton ASB2201 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.2

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Appendix C: Fault Levels

Grid exit point Bromley Islington

Point of service BRY2201 ISL2201

2011 6.5 8.2

2012 6.7 8.2

2013 6.7 8.2

2014 7.3 8.8

2015 7.3 8.9

2016 7.5 9.2

2017 7.7 9.6

2018 7.0 9.5

2019 7.0 9.5

2020 7.0 9.5

2021 7.0 9.6

SOUTH CANTERBURY Aviemore Benmore Bells Pond Black Point Livingstone Ohau A Ohau B Ohau C Opihi Opihi Tekapo B Twizel Waitaki AVI2201 BEN2201 BPD1101 BPT1101 LIV2201 OHA2201 OHB2201 OHC2201 OPI2201 OPI2202 TKB2201 TWZ2201 WTK2201 17.0 22.8 1.7 2.3 6.1 18.3 21.1 18.5 5.9 5.9 11.8 22.7 13.4 17.0 22.8 1.7 2.3 6.1 18.3 21.1 18.5 5.9 5.9 11.8 22.7 13.4 17.1 22.9 1.7 2.3 6.4 18.3 21.2 18.5 5.9 5.9 11.8 22.7 14.0 17.9 23.1 1.7 2.3 6.6 18.5 21.4 18.7 6.0 6.0 11.9 23.0 14.6 18.1 23.3 1.7 2.3 6.7 18.7 21.7 18.9 6.0 6.0 12.3 23.3 14.8 18.2 23.4 1.7 2.3 6.7 18.8 21.8 19.0 6.0 6.0 12.3 23.5 14.8 19.4 24.4 1.7 2.4 8.8 19.0 22.1 19.3 6.1 6.1 12.4 23.8 16.5 19.4 24.5 1.7 2.4 8.8 19.0 22.2 19.3 6.1 6.1 12.4 23.9 16.5 19.5 24.6 1.7 2.4 8.8 19.2 22.4 19.4 6.1 6.1 12.5 24.2 16.6 19.5 24.6 1.7 2.4 8.8 19.2 22.4 19.4 6.1 6.1 12.5 24.2 16.6 19.5 24.7 1.7 2.4 8.9 19.3 22.5 19.5 6.1 6.1 12.5 24.3 16.7

OTAGO-SOUTHLAND Berwick Clyde Edendale Gore Halfway Bush Halfway Bush Invercargill Invercargill Manapouri North Makarewa Naseby Roxburgh Roxburgh South Dunedin Three Mile Hill Tiwai BWK1101 CYD2201 EDN1101 GOR1101 HWB1101 HWB2201 INV1101 INV2201 MAN2201 NMA2201 NSY2201 ROX1101 ROX2201 SDN2201 TMH2201 TWI2201 2.8 16.4 2.8 2.6 9.5 7.6 5.8 9.9 14.1 9.5 4.1 10.1 15.1 6.8 7.7 7.3 2.8 16.4 2.6 2.6 9.5 7.6 4.6 9.5 14.1 9.3 4.1 11.2 15.4 6.8 7.7 7.1 2.8 16.4 2.6 2.6 9.6 7.6 4.6 9.5 14.1 9.3 4.2 11.2 15.4 6.8 7.7 7.1 2.7 16.6 3.5 6.0 10.6 8.5 5.5 9.8 14.2 9.7 4.4 11.0 15.7 7.5 8.7 7.3 2.7 17.2 3.5 6.0 10.7 8.6 5.5 9.8 14.3 9.8 4.6 11.1 16.3 7.5 8.8 7.3 2.7 17.5 3.5 6.0 10.8 8.8 5.5 9.9 14.3 9.9 4.6 11.1 16.6 7.7 9.1 7.4 2.7 17.6 3.5 6.0 10.8 8.8 5.6 10.2 14.6 10.4 5.0 11.1 16.8 7.7 9.1 7.6 2.7 17.8 3.5 6.0 10.9 9.0 5.6 10.2 14.6 10.4 5.0 11.2 17.1 7.9 9.3 7.6 2.7 18.7 3.5 6.1 11.0 9.2 5.6 10.3 14.6 10.4 5.0 11.3 19.2 8.0 9.6 7.6 2.7 18.7 3.5 6.1 11.0 9.2 5.6 10.3 14.6 10.4 5.0 11.3 19.2 8.0 9.6 7.6 2.7 18.7 3.6 6.2 11.1 9.5 5.6 10.4 14.7 10.6 5.0 11.3 19.2 8.3 9.9 7.7

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Appendix D: Project Calendar

Appendix D

Project Calendar

Table D.1: Forecast submission dates for projects to the Commerce Commission for the next 2 June years (by quarter)
Year 2011/12 2012/13 Timaru substation development plan Upper South Island grid upgrade Stage 1 Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4

Table D.2: Forecast submission dates for projects to the Commerce Commission post-2013/14
Year 2013/14 Project Upper South Island grid upgrade Stage 2 Upper North Island reactive support post-NIGUP Lower North Island transmission capacity 2014/15 2015/16 To be advised174 Lower Waitaki Valley transmission development Bunnythorpe interconnecting transformer replacement Taranaki interconnecting transformer capacity and voltage quality Wellington 110 kV supply security Kaitimako interconnecting transformer capacity InangahuaMurchisonKikiwa transmission capacity HVDC Stage 3 Valley spur security and reactive support

174

Project submission date is pending on the outcome of investigations.

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Appendix D: Project Calendar

Table D-3: Base Capex


Projects

175

with minor enhancement


Forecast commissioning year 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2013/14 2013/14 2013/14 2013/14 2014/15 2014/15 2015/16 2015/16 2016/17 2019/20

Resolve the protection limits on the Wellsford supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Mangere supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Takanini supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Edgecumbe supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Kopu supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Carrington Street supply transformers. Resolve the metering and HV protection limits on Melling 110/33 kV and 110/11 kV supply transformers. Resolve the protection and metering limits on the Takapu Road supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Motueka supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Balclutha supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Edendale supply transformers. Recalibrate metering parameters on the Invercargill supply transformer. Splitting Huapai 220 kV bus once the NAaN project is complete. Resolve the protection and metering limits on the Upper Hutt supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Dobson supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Oamaru supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Mount Roskill supply transformers. Recalibrate metering parameters on the South Dunedin supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Te Awamutu supply transformers. Resolve the metering and protection limits on the Waipawa 11/33 kV transformers. Resolve the metering and protection limits on the Greytown supply transformers. Resolve the protection and metering limits on the Maungaturoto supply transformers.

175

These proposed projets are funded under approved Base Capex allowance.

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Appendix D: Project Calendar

Projects Resolve the protection limits on the Wiri supply transformers. Resolve the metering and protection limits on the Opunake supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Cromwell supply transformers. Resolve protection and metering limits on the Tekapo A supply transformer. Resolve the 110 kV disconnector limit on the Stoke 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer. Resolve protection limits on the Bream Bay supply transformers. Resolve the protection and metering limits on the Frankton T4 supply transformer. Replace limiting switchgear on the Henderson T1. Resolve protection and circuit breaker limits on the Albany supply transformers. Resolve the metering limits on the Silverdale supply transformers. Resolve the metering parameters on the Marton supply transformers. Recalibrate the metering parameters on the Gisborne supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Wilton supply transformers. Re-tune generator excitation systems and/or install power system stabilisers.

Forecast commissioning year 2019/20 2019/20 2019/20 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2023/24 2023/24 2023/24 2023/24 2023/24 To be advised

Table D-4: Forecast commissioning dates and project status


Forecast commissioning year 2012/13 Projects Status Cost band G E F G and D F A C

A new 220/400 kV double-circuit transmission line from Pakuranga to Whakamaru. Lower South Island Reliability projects (Commissioning years: 2012/13-2014/15). Upper North Island reactive support Stage 2 (Commissioning years: 2012/13-2013/14). HVDC Pole 3 Stage 1 and Stage 2 (Commissioning years: 2012/13-2013/14). Replace the conductor on the 220 kV BunnythorpeHaywards 1 and 2 circuits (Commissioning years: 2012/13-2018/19). Resolve the protection limits on the Mangere supply transformers. Building a grid exit point at Piako.

Committed Committed Committed Committed Proposal submitted Base Capex Committed (customer-specific)

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Appendix D: Project Calendar

Forecast commissioning year

Projects

Status

Cost band A D B A A A A A A D A A B B A A A A C B A A A

Resolve the protection limits on the Edgecumbe supply transformers. Replace the conductors on the 110 kV circuits between Stratford and Wanganui. Replace the Maungatapere 110/50 kV transformer with higher-rated units. Resolve the protection limits on the Wellsford supply transformers. Resolve protection limits on the Takanini supply transformers. Resolve the bus and protection limits on the Cambridge supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Kopu supply transformers. Increase the rating of the two existing Te Kowhai transformers by installing radiators and fans. 110 kV grid reconfigurations to relieve Kawerau generation constraint. Thermally upgrade the KaitimakoTarukenga circuits and change the operating voltage from 110 kV to 220 kV, and install two 220/110 kV 150 MVA transformers at Kaitimako. A new feeder from Tangiwai to Ohakune. Increase protection limits on the Carrington Street supply transformers. Replace the supply transformers at Stratford with two 40 MVA units (Commissioning years: 2012/13-2014/15). Replace Masterton supply transformers with two 60 MVA units. Resolve the metering and HV protection limits on Melling 110/33 kV and 110/11 kV supply transformers. Install new capacitors at Paraparaumu. Resolve the protection and metering limits on the Takapu Road supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Motueka supply transformers. Replace Stoke supply transformers with two 120 MVA units. Install one 220/66 kV transformer at Bromley (committed), followed by a second and third transformer at later date. Install reactive support at Oamaru. Resolve the protection limits on the Balclutha supply transformers. Resolve the protection limit and upgrade the cable on the Edendale supply transformers.

Base Capex Committed Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Committed (customer-specific) Base Capex Committed (customer-specific) Proposal submitted Committed Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Base Capex Committed (customer-specific) Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Base Capex Committed (customer-specific) Committed (customer-specific) Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Base Capex (protection), and not yet agreed with customer (cable)

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Appendix D: Project Calendar

Forecast commissioning year

Projects

Status

Cost band A F F A A C G D D B TBA A B B C C A A A A A A TBA

Recalibrate metering parameters on the Invercargill supply transformer. 2013/14 Clutha-Upper Waitaki Lines Project (Commissioning years: 2013/14-2016/17). Building a new 220 kV double circuit transmission line between Wairakei and Whakamaru. Splitting Huapai 220 kV bus once the NAaN project is complete. Increase supply transformer capacity at Dargaville by adding fans and/or pumps. New grid exit point at Wairau Road. North Auckland and Northland project. New grid exit point at Hobson Street. Tarukenga interconnecting transformer replacement. Replace Kawerau T12 with a 250 MVA 10 % impedance transformer. Increase 110/11 kV supply transformer capacity at Rotorua or transfer some 11 kV load to the 33 kV bus and Owhata. Install an SPS scheme to automatically open the MangamaireWoodville circuit following an outage of one Bunnythorpe Woodville circuit. Replace Wanganui supply transformers with two 80 MVA units, or install new 110 kV feeders from Wanganui, or install 2nd supply transformer at Brunswick and supply the load from Brunswick (Commissioning years: 2013/14-2015/16). Replace Redclyffe supply transformers with two 120 MVA units. Replace Central Park 110/33 kV supply transformers with 120 MVA units. Replace supply transformers at Haywards with two 110/33/11 kV 60 MVA units. Resolve the protection and metering limits on the Upper Hutt supply transformers. Install new capacitors at Motueka. Resolve the protection limits on the Dobson supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Oamaru supply transformers. Install a 110 kV bus coupler at Timaru. Increase supply transformers capacity at Waitaki. 2014/15 A sixth bus coupler at Islington.

Base Capex Committed Committed Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Committed (customer-specific) Committed Committed (customer-specific) Base Capex Proposal submitted Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted Base Capex for Wanganui transformer replacement Committed (customer-specific) Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Base Capex Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted

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Appendix D: Project Calendar

Forecast commissioning year

Projects

Status

Cost band A or B or A B C D or C A A TBA TBA B A A A or C A B C A A A E A A TBA A

Install capacitors along the Valley Spur or within Powercos network, or replace existing transformers at Waikino and Waihou with on-load tap changing transformers (Commissioning years: 2014/15-2020/21). Replace Hangatiki supply transformers with two 40 MVA units. New grid exit point at Putaruru. Construct a second transmission circuit either from Hangatiki or Karapiro to Te Awamutu. Resolve the circuit breaker limits and protection limits on the Mount Roskill supply transformers. Upgrade the circuitbreaker and busbar ratings on the Takanini supply transformer. Increase the existing transformers capacity at Owhata. Three options are currently under reviewed. Thermally upgrade the RotoruaTarukenga circuits. Replace the Bunnythorpe interconnecting transformers with two 150 MVA units (Commissioning years: 2014/15-2016/17). Thermally upgrade the Carrington StreetStratford circuits terminal spans near Carrington Street. Upgrade the LV bus section, disconnectors and current transformer limits on the CarringtonStreet supply transformers. A third supply transformer at Paraparaumu or a new grid exit point at Otaki. Install a third 220/66 kV transformer at Ashburton. Replace Studholme supply transformers with higher-rated units. Replace the Timaru supply transformers with higher-rated units or transfer some loads to 33 kV by installing two 220/33 kV supply transformers. Replace Gore supply transformers with two higher-rated units (Commissioning years: 2014/15-2024/25). Replace Naseby supply transformers with two higher-rated units (Commissioning years: 2014/15-2020/21). Recalibrate metering parameters on the South Dunedin supply transformers. 2015/16 HVDC link expansion up to 1400 MW. Resolve the protection limits on the Te Awamutu supply transformers. Replace the Kinleith 110/33 kV 20 MVA supply transformer with a 40 MVA unit. Reconductor the BunnythorpeWoodville circuits with higher-rated conductors, or convert BunnythorpeWoodville circuits to 220 kV operation (Commissioning years: 2015/16-2020/21). Resolve the metering and protection limits on the Waipawa 11/33 kV transformers.

Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Proposal not submitted Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted Base Capex

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Appendix D: Project Calendar

Forecast commissioning year

Projects

Status

Cost band TBA A B C B A D D or C A C A and/or C B B A or TBA B TBA B A TBA A A A

Install a second transformer at New Plymouth, or operate the 220 kV New PlymouthStratfird circuits at 110 kV (Commissioning years: 2015/16-2020/21). Install reactive support at Hawera, or contract for aditional reactive support, or install under-voltage load shedding capability (Commissioning years: 2015/16-2020/21). Install a second 250 MVA interconnecting transformer at Wilton (Commissioning years: 2015/16-2020/21). A new grid exit point at Brightwater. Replace the Dobson supply transformers with higher-rated units (Commissioning years: 2015/16-2017/18). Replace Ashley 66/11 kV supply transformers with two 40 MVA units. 2016/17 Install additional shunt reactive support around Islington or Bromley, or bus the existing circuits between Waitaki Valley and Islington where they converge near Geraldine. Construct a new HamiltonWaihou or upgrade existing HamiltonWaihou circuits. Resolve the metering and protection limits on the Greytown supply transformers. A new grid exit point at Riwaka. 2017/18 Install a new 220/33 kV transformer at Hamilton and/or at Te Kowhai. Install a third 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer at Kaitimako. Install a new 220/33 kV supply transformer at Brunswick. Thermally upgrade the InangahuaMurchisonKikiwa circuit, or install a special protection scheme. Replace Edendale supply transformers with two higher-rated units. Replace two Halfway Bush 110/33 kV transformers with one 220/33 kV transformer. 2018/19 Replace Huirangi supply transformers with two 50 MVA units and reconfigure the distribution system. Replace the Fernhill 30 MVA supply transformer with an 80 MVA unit. Replace the North Makarewa 220/33 kV transformers with two 220/66 kV units. 2019/20 Resolve the protection and metering limits on the Maungaturoto supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Wiri supply transformers. Replace the transformers at Waiotahi with two higher-rated units.

Proposal not submitted Proposal not submitted Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted Base Capex Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex

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Appendix D: Project Calendar

Forecast commissioning year

Projects

Status

Cost band A A TBA A A B A B A A or TBA C B A A A A A B A A A A A

Resolve the metering and protection limits on the Opunake supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Cromwell supply transformers. Thermally upgrade the 110 kV CromwellFrankton circuits. Resolve protection and metering limits on the Tekapo A supply transformer. 2020/21 Resolve the constraint on the terminal spans at Otahuhu and Penrose substations. Replace the supply transformers at Wiri with higher-rated units. Install a special protection scheme, or Kinleith 110 kV bus reconfiguration (Commissioning years: 2020/21-2026/27). Replace the supply transformers at Waikino with higher-rated units. Resolve the 110 kV disconnector limit on the Stoke 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer. Install additional capacitors in the West Coast, or install a special protection scheme Establish a new 220/66 kV grid exit point southof Christchurch. 2022/23 Replace the Waihou supply transformers with higher-rated units (Commissioning years: 2022/23-2026/27). Resolve protection and metering limits on Frankton T4 supply transformer and upgrade T2A & T2B supply transformer capacity.

Base Capex Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted Base Capex Base Capex Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Base Capex (protection and metering), and not yet agreed with customer (transformer capacity) Base Capex Not yet agreed with customer Base Capex Proposal not submitted Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex Base Capex

Resolve the protection and metering limits on the Frankton T4 supply transformer. Increase Frankton T2A & T2B supply transformers capacities by adding pumps. 2023/24 Replace limiting switchgear on the Henderson T1. Install a 3 220/110 kV transformer at Marsden, and convert the 220 kV and 110 kV buses to three zones Resolve protection and circuit breaker limits on the Albany supply transformers. Resolve the metering limits on the Silverdale supply transformers. Resolve the metering parameters on the Marton supply transformers. Recalibrate the metering parameters on the Gisborne supply transformers. Resolve the protection limits on the Wilton supply transformers.
rd

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Appendix D: Project Calendar

Forecast commissioning year 2024/25 2025/26

Projects

Status

Cost band TBA B or C TBA

Automatic split the 110 kV network between Henderson and Maungatapere or thermal upgrade the HendersonWellsford circuits. Install a new interconnecting transformer at Hamilton or at a new grid exit point. Replace Halfway Bush 220/33 kV 100 MVA transformers with one 220/33 kV 120 MVA transformer.

Proposal not submitted Proposal not submitted Base Capex

To be advised

Upper North Island reactive support post 2014. Re-tune generator excitation systems and/or install power system stabilisers. Increase the ratings of the 220 kV BrunswickStratford circuits, reconductor HuntlyStratford circuits or a new line between Taumarunui and Whakamaru. Tranche 1 an SPS/series reactor/phase shifting transformer, or increase the capacity of TokaanuWhakamaru and BunnythorpeTangiwaiRangipo circuits. Tranche 2 reconductor the BunnythorpeTokaanu circuits, or a new transmission capacity between Bunnythorpe and Whakamaru, or a new line from Taumarunui to Whakamaru, or Lower North Island-wide SPS. Increase the HVDC line rating. Increase the ratings of the 220 kV BenmoreTwizel 1 circuit. Additional voltage support at Kaitaia or Maungatapere. Install a third supply transformer at Henderson. Thermal upgrade the 110 kV KaikoheMaungatapere circuits. Upgrade the Kensington 33 kV switchboard, and upgrade branch limiting components on the KensingtonMaungatapere circuits. Install a third supply transformer at Otahuhu, or replace with existing transformers with higher-rated units. Install a new cable from Otahuhu connecting to a new 110/ 33 kV transformer at Wiri, or a 110/33 kV transformer at Otahuhu and 33 kV cable to Wiri, or reconductor OtahuhuWiri circuit, or a new 220/110 kV connection at Bombay and supply Wiri from here and a 110 kV bus at Wiri. Replace Otahuhu T2 & T4 with higher impedance transformers, or upgrade the OtahuhuPenrose circuit capacity. Replace the Hinuera 30 MVA supply transformer with a 60 MVA unit. A new grid exit point at Papamoa. Replace Edgecumbe supply transformers with higher-rated units. Install either series reactors or phase shifting transformers to reduce the power flows on the BunnythorpeMataroa circuits.

Proposal not submitted Base Capex Proposal not submitted Proposal not submitted

TBA A C and E F or G

Proposal not submitted Proposal not submitted Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Under investigation

TBA B TBA B TBA TBA B D

Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted

TBA A B C TBA

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Appendix D: Project Calendar

Forecast commissioning year

Projects

Status

Cost band TBA B B TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA B TBA TBA TBA B and B A

Install new capacitors at Gisborne 110 kV bus. Upgrade the Takapu Road supply transformer capacity. Install a second 110/66 kV interconnecting transformer at Stoke. Thermal upgrade KikiwaStoke 110 kV circuit. Replace Kikiwa T1 with a higher-rated unit. Implement Kawaka bonding project. Replace existing two 220/33 kV transformers with 220/66 kV higher-rated units at Culverden. Install two new 66 kV feeders from Southbrook. Install a new 220/66 kV transformer at Islington. To increase supply security at Bells Pond. A new grid exit point near St Andrews. Increase interconnecting transformer capacity at Timaru. Install a new 120 MVA transformer at Temuka, and upgrade the 110 kV TimaruTemuka circuits. Install a second supply transformer at Waitaki.

Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted Proposal not submitted Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer Proposal not submitted Not yet agreed with customer Not yet agreed with customer

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Appendix E: Investment Approvals Process

Appendix E

Transpowers Investment Approvals Process (IAP)

E.1

Purpose of the Investment Approvals Process


The Investment Approvals Process (IAP) is the decision making framework for preparing investment proposals. It is a robust and replicable process, adaptable to the range of investment situations that arise: - large and small value proposals with many or few options to investigate. The output is a high quality investment proposal for approval by the Commerce Commission or a Customer. Transpowers Board and stakeholders can be confident that the investment and delivery decisions are driven by a verified need and are efficient, appropriate and defensible. There are two approval routes: Regulatory approval of proposals for investment in interconnection assets allows Transpower to add the assets to its regulated asset base (RAB) and to recover costs via the Transmission Pricing Methodology (TPM), and Investment in connection assets which are paid for by customers are not added to Transpowers regulated asset base. The exception to this, which has not yet ever occurred, is where investment in connection assets is required to meet GRS and is approved by the Commerce Commisison via a Major Capex proposal.

E.2

IAP Framework
The Framework consists of five stages with generic actions occurring through each 176 (outlined in Figure 1). Specific actions are required according to the rules for investment in interconnection assets and rules for investment in connection assets, e.g. proposals that require individual Regulator approval (for investment in interconnection assets) must comply with rules for consultation and methodology for economic analysis.

Need

Options Identification

Options Analysis

Proposal

Transition to Delivery

176

Relevant rules as at March 2012 are those in Part 12 Electricity Industry Participation Code 2010 and Capex Input Methodology 2012.

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Appendix E: Investment Approvals Process

Outline of IAP Stages


Needs are identified through Annual Planning Report process, including consultation with Customers. Each need is investigated and verified as an investment case.

Need

Interconnection
A range of investment options is considered, including possible nontransmission solutions Consultation on need, approach, assumptions, long list options; and request additional information, through consultation document and/or Stakeholder forum. The long list options are refined to a set of credible options, using specific criteria (high-level cost, feasibility, GEIP).

Connection

Options Identification

TP produces a High Level Response for investment options, taking into account Customer need.

Costs and benefits are assessed under the regulated cost/benefit test (the Investment Test) with analysis commensurate with the likely investment cost. Customer decides on preferred option and signs a contract for detailed study design. TP must assess any implications for the Grid Reliability Standards (GRS) arising from the investment. Both TP and Customers have requirements under the Code depending on the GRS assessment.

Options Analysis

A short-list of investments options is identified from economic, technical and feasibility analysis of credible options. Decision rule for proposed investment is based on maximum net benefits or least net cost (depending on whether investment is to meet the Grid Reliability Standards and / or to create net benefits to the market).

Proposal

Investment option confirmed including through feedback from stakeholders on short list options and/or preferred option. Investment proposal submitted to Commerce Commission.

Investment option confirmed and Transpower and the Customer enter into an Investment Contract.

Transition to Delivery

The approved investment enters a detailed design (equipment and placement) stage and approvals processes under the RMA are undertaken Consultation continues within communities affected by ensuing works.

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Appendix F: Grid Support Contracts

Appendix F
F.1 Background

Grid Support Contracts

Following the 2007 - 2008 demand-side participation trials and the consideration of the many complex issues and trade-offs involved, Transpower designed a grid support contract (GSC) product incorporating feedback from its industry consultation process. The design and sample contracts are available on Transpowers project 177 website. Transpower has introduced grid support contracts (GSCs) to enable it to contract with proponents of non-transmission options to augment or substitute for grid capacity in specific circumstances.

F.2

Use of GSCs
GSCs as a risk management tool Transpower has significant concerns over the risk to reliability of supply from insufficient transmission capacity that could arise from: delayed build of new transmission assets - whether for reasons of regulatory approval, obtaining consents under the RMA, acquiring property, or due to competition in world markets for transmission assets and expertise higher demand growth than was forecast at the time of investment decision, which would bring forward the need date, or major asset failure - which is a growing concern given the age of Transpowers asset base. GSCs are designed to provide a useful product as part of a toolbox of approaches to managing such risks. GSCs as a transmission deferral tool GSCs may also be used to contract for products that can defer transmission investments where there is genuine option value in deferring an investment decision. Where such option values do not exist, Transpower would not propose to use GSCs to push investment to the very edge of modelled just in time limits. There are huge asymmetries of risk, with transmission better a year early than a day late. Critically, to plan to use GSCs for deferring an investment in this way would remove their advantage as an insurance against the delivery risks outlined above.

177

http://www.gridnewzealand.co.nz/gsc-publications.

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Appendix F: Grid Support Contracts

F.3

Key parameters
Key parameters of Transpowers GSC product design include the following. GSCs will be specific to transmission capacity problems and offered only for specific regions and periods when these are occurring or are forecast to occur. GSCs will not be offered to address generation adequacy problems. Transpower will not pick winners or losers: Transpower will identify a need, a potential provider may propose a commercial solution to the need, and Transpower will decide whether or not to offer a GSC for that proposal. To encourage innovation in non-transmission solutions, GSCs will be open to all non-transmission options, but with clear qualification and evaluation criteria to ensure reliability. To encourage competition in procurement, GSCs will be offered to successful tenders through a full request for information (RFI) and request for proposal (RFP) process: qualification and evaluation criteria will be applied. GSCs will be contracts for services, not for Transpower ownership. Transpower will offer them in its capacity as grid owner. For those GSCs that require to be called or dispatched, this will be done by the System Operator on behalf of the grid owner. As cost recovery will be through the transmission pricing methodology (TPM), approval of the GSCs will be required from the Commerce Commission (unless pre-approved by the former Electricity Commission). GSCs will be offered only as part of a reliability investment proposal for assets on the interconnected grid: they will not be offered for connection asset issues or for economic investments.

F.4

Design issues
Transpower has concerns about some specific issues around GSC design and operation and the GSC product on offer is intended to minimise these risks. Transpowers main concern is how to obtain the benefits possible from GSCs without: compromising reliability significant interference in the wholesale electricity market significant distortions in electricity generation investment incentives, or Transpower becoming relied on for energy as well as transmission capacity provision. Reliability Historically, the transmission grid was developed to link previously unconnected regions to provide greater levels of reliability through access to more generation resources. While initially undertaken for energy transport reasons, more recently investment has been for market efficiency too. Using GSCs to maintain reliability therefore requires them to be highly reliable. It is unrealistic to expect local generation or demand-side response to be able to achieve transmission levels of reliability. Rather, a reliability level of around 99% to 99.9% may be achievable, which may be adequate if exposure to these lower reliability levels is limited to system peaks for limited periods. Using these options it must be appreciated that reliability may decline, but the options still add value as a risk management tool. Even lower levels of reliability, or prolonged exposure to such levels, would in Transpowers view not be acceptable for the backbone, interconnected grid. A key issue in GSC design and operation is therefore ensuring that appropriate reliability criteria are set for proponents wishing to enter into GSCs.

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Appendix F: Grid Support Contracts

Market distortion A significant issue for our GSC design process is to what extent the use of GSCs could distort existing markets, in particular the wholesale generation investment and operations market. The wholesale electricity market is a multi-billion dollar per annum market, whereas the GSC market is likely to be in the order of some tens of millions per annum at most. Designing and operating GSCs to minimise interference in the wholesale market is essential.

F.5

Forms of GSC
The design encompasses three forms of GSC: Demand-side participation (DSP), including non-market generation Transpower has trialled small aggregated DSP in its 2007 Pilot and 2008 Trial. These demonstrated that, under certain conditions, blocks of aggregated small DSP sources can be made reliable. Significant issues arose in forecasting the time and size of need sufficiently accurately at the time of call. Transpower is investigating improvements to the load forecasting processes and also the criteria for calling Demand Response as a means to address the issues identified at the time of those trials. A Demand-side participation GSC may include a variety of Demand Response (DR) resources, including aggregated blocks of multiple small DR resources, blocks made up of single load, and in principle, non-market generation sources (although the latter are likely to be part of an aggregated block). Blocks would be called individually by the System Operator in accordance with instructions from Transpower as grid owner reflecting the contract terms. Blocks would be expected to deliver the contracted capacity: their reliability would be a paramount consideration in the design, procurement and operation of this form of GSC. Blocks would either be called ahead of time using a Demand Response Management System (DRMS), or be operated automatically post-contingency. Voltage support Transpower will use GSCs for contracting for voltage support over medium to long term planning horizons. They will in effect replace the voltage support ancillary service contracts over these timeframes. This will provide improved integration in grid planning, as the grid planner can better co-optimise real and reactive power issues and transmission and non-transmission reactive support options, over planning horizons from technical, good electricity industry practice and economic perspectives. In particular, the grid planner can test and contract for the availability and cost of future voltage support, rather than simply assume that this will be the eventual outcome of ancillary service voltage support contracts. Cost allocation would change from zonal under Part 8 (of the Electricity Industry Participation Code) to national under the Part 12 transmission pricing methodology, aligning cost allocation for transmission and non-transmission reactive support solutions. The System Operator would still procure contracts of a short-term nature to cover for unanticipated reactive power requirements. Market generation For market generation, avoiding interference in the operational market is paramount. GSCs will not be offered to define how generators would offer real power into the market, whether in time, quantity or price. Rather, GSCs will be limited to contributions to capital or other fixed up front costs. In effect, GSCs will be used to buy certainty over a particular generators development path be it for example in time, equipment or location to allow transmission to be safely designed around it. Proponents will be required to demonstrate that they are sufficiently committed to be able to deliver and that their contract price is a fair and reasonable reflection of actual cost.

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Appendix F: Grid Support Contracts

F.6

Process for offering GSCs


As GSCs are specific to transmission capacity problems, GSCs will be offered only as part of a reliability investment proposal for assets on the interconnected grid. Thus, GSCs will become a routine part of Transpowers grid planning process. Where there is a proponent of a non-transmission option (identified through Transpowers RFI and RFP process) that meets the GSC qualification and evaluation criteria, the option will become part of the preferred option that is submitted as an investment proposal under a GUP. The diagram on the next page illustrates how GSCs are integrated into the existing grid planning process.

F.7

Updates and further information


In 2011, Transpower released a request for proposal for the procurement of 60 MW of demand-side response in the Upper North Island. No demand response was procured through this process, due to the offers being deemed uneconomic as a transmission deferral option for Upper North Island. A key finding from the tender process was that demand response needs to be established if it is to be an economic transmission deferral product. Requiring proponents to provide adequate demand response within a condensed timeframe and for a relatively short contract period only drives prices upward. Reliability demand response needs to be established as a sustained programme and not as a reactive just in time measure. Transpower has re-scoped the Upper North Island Demand Side Initiatives (UNI DSI) project to investigate whether reliable demand can be delivered at economic cost. The re-scoped project builds on what we learnt during the tender process in 2011. The project includes implementing a pilot which will: test a demand response management system for effective dispatch of demand response. assess whether the management system reduces barriers to entry for different types of demand response. discover the economic price points for different types of demand response. determine whether a sustainable demand response programme can be established. The implementation of the pilot will be conducted over a number of months, with a review at each stage. It is anticipated that the GSC product will be progressively refined with experience. The current design details of the product may differ slightly from those outlined above.

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378

Investment Approval Process

Integration of Grid Support Contracts for transmission alternatives

Identification
APR with GRR, GEIR

Need

Project assumptions

Long term plans for the grid assist potential proponents of transmission alternatives to develop concept

RFI

Industry responses to RFI

Evaluation
Long-list Evaluate industry responses to RFI

Qualification criteria

Options Identification

Qualification criteria

Transmission & transmission alternatives

RFP

Industry responses to RFP

Transpower issues an RFP if there could be practical transmission alternatives. Transpower short lists proposals that meet qualification criteria and have technical, economic and commercial merit.

Short-list

Evaluate industry responses to RFP

To ensure reliability requirements, minimise market distortion and manage commercial risk to Transpower: Capacity Operating Conditions Reliability Degree of Commitment Range of Services Prudential requirements

Options Analysis

Procurement
Agree technical and commercial terms

Consultation document

Standard Contract

Standard contract

GUP

Proposal CCs notice of intention

Contract signed conditional on CC approval

If a short-listed transmission alternative becomes the preferred solution, or is part of the solution, a conditional contract is negotiated.

Approval
CCs final decision Grid Support Contract

2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.
Transpower ensures that costs can be recovered under the Code and under the Commerce Act

Appendix F: Grid Support Contracts

Operating criteria Performance and testing Proof of compliance Interface with other markets Penalty provisions Fees and pricing structure Other standard contractual terms

Transition to Delivery

Appendix G Generation Scenarios

Appendix G

Generation Scenarios

This section details the timing, type, location and size of new generators assumed in each of the generation scenarios. The scenarios range from being renewable to being more thermally oriented.

The generation scenarios assume specific points of connection for new modelled generators. The choice of connection point is often arbitrary, but required in order to effectively model future transmission grids. Changes to these connection points may be necessary when testing proposed transmission investment into a region.

G.1

Scenario 1: Sustainable Path


The major features of the Sustainable Path scenario are: Carbon charges and gas prices are both very high. As a result, renewable energy production exceeds 90% of total generation (on average) from 2020 onwards. Major development of renewable generation takes place in both North and South Islands. By 2027, geothermal capacity has reached 1500 MW, wind capacity exceeds 3,000 MW, and 1,000 MW of new hydro has been constructed. Tidal and wave energy, distributed solar power, and biomass cogeneration also feature. Baseload thermal generation is largely phased out, with all four Huntly coal-fired units, Otahuhu B, Taranaki CC and Southdown decommissioned by 2027. Thermal peaking plants are required in order to balance intermittent generation, provide dry-year swing, and supply reliable capacity to meet peak demand. By 2027, over 1,400 MW of thermal peakers are available. Interruptible load (IL) and price-responsive demand, driven by advanced metering, time-of-use tariffs, and other initiatives, have an important role to play in balancing intermittent generation and meeting peak demand. The extent of demand-side management, however, is substantially less than was assumed in the 2010 Statement of Opportunities (and hence the last APR). The total (firm) demand-side management capacity increases by 400 MW between 2011 and 2027.

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Appendix G: Generation Scenarios

Installed capacity by technology - Sustainable path (mds1)


14000

12000

10000

MW

8000

6000

4000

2000

Wind Wave Tidal Solar Cogeneration, other Open cycle gas turbine - gas Interruptible load Coal, IGCC w ith CCS Hydro, schedulable Hydro, run of river Hydro, peaking Hydro, pumped storage Geothermal Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Cogeneration, gas-fired Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Price-responsive load curtailment Coal Combined cycle gas turbine Cogeneration, biomass-fired

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Year
Projects and commission dates Sustainable Path scenario
Year 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 2017 Plant description Huntly coal unit 1 Wairakei Kawerau Norske Skog Te Mihi Remaining part of Wairakei Waitara McKee peaker Ngatamariki Huntly coal unit 2 Tauhara stage 2 Demand side response 1 NI Demand side response 1 SI Generic solar 1 Mill Creek Generic geo 1 Pukaki Gates Arnold New IL 1 Wairau Technology description Coal Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Geothermal Coal Geothermal Price-responsive load curtailment Price-responsive load curtailment Solar Wind Geothermal Hydro, peaking Hydro, run of river Interruptible load Hydro, run of river Capacity MW 0 0 25 165 110 100 82 0 200 50 50 50 60 100 35 46 50 73 Substation (approx) (Decomm.) Huntly (Decomm.) Wairakei Kawerau Wairakei Wairakei Motunui Deviation Nga Awa Purua (Decomm.) Huntly Wairakei Takapuna Bromley Penrose Wilton Kawerau Pukaki Dobson Penrose Blenheim

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Appendix G Generation Scenarios

Year 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2022 2022 2023

Plant description Stockton Demand side response 2 NI Castle Hill 1 Central Wind Southdown Generic geo 2 Generic geo 4 Generic geo 5 Diesel fired OCGT 1 Diesel fired OCGT 10 Diesel fired OCGT 19 Demand side response 3 NI Generic solar 3 Taranaki CC Kaituna Diesel fired OCGT 9 Gas fired OCGT 9 Maungaharuru Castle Hill 2 Hauauru ma raki 1 Taharoa Mt Cass Huntly coal unit 3 Otahuhu B Biomass Cogen, Kawerau North Bank Tunnel Diesel fired OCGT 3 Gas fired OCGT 2 Gas fired OCGT 5 Demand side response 4 NI Generic tidal 1 Waverley Generic solar 2 Mahinerangi stage 2 Hauauru ma raki 2 Clutha River New IL 2 Diesel fired OCGT 6

Technology description Hydro, run of river Price-responsive load curtailment Wind Wind Combined cycle gas turbine Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Price-responsive load curtailment Solar Combined cycle gas turbine Hydro, run of river Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Coal Combined cycle gas turbine Cogeneration, biomass-fired Hydro, peaking Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Price-responsive load curtailment Tidal Wind Solar Wind Wind Hydro, peaking Interruptible load Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT

Capacity MW 30 50 200 120 0 100 100 100 40 40 40 50 50 0 15 100 160 94 200 250 54 50 0 0 31 280 100 100 100 50 200 135 50 170 250 200 50 100

Substation (approx) Westport Mangere Linton Rangipo (Decomm.) Southdown Ohaaki Whakamaru Rotorua Marsden Kaitemako Gracefield Central Park Addington (Decomm.) Stratford Tarukenga Huntly Huntly Whirinaki Linton Huntly Hangatiki Waipara (Decomm.) Huntly (Decomm.) Otahuhu Kawerau Waitaki Marsden Southdown Otahuhu Penrose Wellsford Waverley Mt Roskill Halfway Bush Huntly Roxburgh Mt Roskill Otahuhu

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Appendix G: Generation Scenarios

Year 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025 2025 2025 2025 2026 2026 2026 2027 2027 2027

Plant description Castle Hill 3 Long Gully Hurleyville Generic run of river 1 Waitahora Taumatatotara Huntly coal unit 4 Waikato upgrade Generic run of river 9 Generic run of river 5 Diesel fired OCGT 15 Demand side response 12 NI Cape Campbell Generic run of river 8 Generic solar 4 Generic wind North Isthmus 1 Diesel fired OCGT 12 Generic wave 2 Kaiwera Downs

Technology description Wind Wind Wind Hydro, run of river Wind Wind Coal Hydro, peaking Hydro, run of river Hydro, run of river Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Price-responsive load curtailment Wind Hydro, run of river Solar Wind Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Wave Wind

Capacity MW 200 12.5 100 50 175 44 0 150 50 50 100 50 150 50 50 200 100 38 240

Substation (approx) Linton Central Park Hawera Stoke Linton Hangatiki (Decomm.) Huntly Whakamaru Tarukenga Culverden Whirinaki Mt Roskill Blenheim Wanganui Stoke Maungatapere Kaitemako Waimangaroa North Makarewa

G.2

Scenario 2: South Island Wind


The key features of the South Island Wind scenario are: Carbon prices and gas prices are both high. As a result, renewable energy production exceeds 85% of total generation (on average) from 2020 onwards. By 2020, over 600 MW of new hydro and 600 MW of new wind generation have been added in the South Island. This is less than assumed in the 2010 Statement of Opportunities (and hence the last APR), but still a substantial amount. There is also substantial development of wind generation in the lower North Island, with nearly 1,000 MW added by 2022. Overall there is strong wind and hydro development in both islands. By 2027, wind capacity exceeds 3000 MW, and 1000 MW of new hydro has been constructed. Geothermal development is slower than in other scenarios, with capacity maxing out at 1,000 MW. Baseload thermal generation is considerably reduced, with three out of four Huntly coal-fired units, Taranaki CC and Southdown decommissioned by 2027. Over 1400 MW of thermal peakers are available by 2027. Interruptible load and price-responsive demand increase by 350 MW over the same period.

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Appendix G Generation Scenarios

Installed capacity by technology - SI wind (mds2)


14000

12000
Wind Solar Cogeneration, other Open cycle gas turbine - gas Interruptible load Coal, IGCC w ith CCS Hydro, schedulable Hydro, run of river Hydro, peaking Geothermal Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Cogeneration, gas-fired Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Price-responsive load curtailment Coal Combined cycle gas turbine Cogeneration, biomass-fired

10000

8000
MW

6000

4000

2000

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Year
Projects and commission dates South Island Wind scenario
Year 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 Plant description Huntly coal unit 1 Wairakei Kawerau Norske Skog Te Mihi Remaining part of Wairakei Waitara McKee peaker Ngatamariki Central Wind Huntly coal unit 2 Hawea Control Gate Retrofit Mohikinui Gas fired OCGT 9 Mill Creek Mt Cass Turitea Generic geo 4 Stockton New IL 1 Taharoa Technology description Coal Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Geothermal Wind Coal Hydro, peaking Hydro, run of river Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Wind Wind Wind Geothermal Hydro, run of river Interruptible load Wind Capacity MW 0 0 25 165 110 100 82 120 0 17 85 160 60 50 180 100 30 50 54 Substation (approx) (Decomm.) Huntly (Decomm.) Wairakei Kawerau Wairakei Wairakei Motunui Deviation Nga Awa Purua Rangipo (Decomm.) Huntly Cromwell Inangahua Huntly Wilton Waipara Linton Whakamaru Westport Penrose Hangatiki

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Appendix G: Generation Scenarios

Year 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2026

Plant description Wairau Demand side response 1 NI Demand side response 2 NI Mahinerangi stage 2 Project Hayes stage 1 Southdown North Bank Tunnel Demand side response 3 NI Castle Hill 1 Taranaki CC Gas fired OCGT 3 Gas fired OCGT 8 Gas fired OCGT 11 Castle Hill 2 Castle Hill 3 Project Hayes stage 2 Huntly coal unit 3 Clutha River Kaituna Diesel fired OCGT 3 Diesel fired OCGT 6 Diesel fired OCGT 12 Demand side response 4 NI Long Gully Taumatatotara Hauauru ma raki 1 Generic wind North Isthmus 1 Puketoi Puketiro Generic run of river 9 Generic run of river 10 Generic wind Wellington Biomass Cogen, Kawerau Biomass Cogen, Central Generic run of river 8 Waikato upgrade Hurleyville Arnold

Technology description Hydro, run of river Price-responsive load curtailment Price-responsive load curtailment Wind Wind Combined cycle gas turbine Hydro, peaking Price-responsive load curtailment Wind Combined cycle gas turbine Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Wind Wind Wind Coal Hydro, peaking Hydro, run of river Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Price-responsive load curtailment Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Wind Hydro, run of river Hydro, run of river Wind Cogeneration, biomass-fired Cogeneration, biomass-fired Hydro, run of river Hydro, peaking Wind Hydro, run of river

Capacity MW 73 50 50 170 150 0 280 50 200 0 160 100 100 200 200 160 0 200 15 100 100 100 50 12.5 44 250 200 175 90 50 50 80 31 63 50 150 100 46

Substation (approx) Blenheim Takapuna Mangere Halfway Bush Roxburgh (Decomm.) Southdown Waitaki Central Park Linton (Decomm.) Stratford Southdown Huntly Stratford Linton Linton Roxburgh (Decomm.) Huntly Roxburgh Tarukenga Marsden Otahuhu Kaitemako Penrose Central Park Hangatiki Huntly Maungatapere Linton Pauatahanui Tarukenga Wairoa Takapu Rd Kawerau Tangiwai Wanganui Whakamaru Hawera Dobson

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Appendix G Generation Scenarios

Year 2026 2027 2027 2027 2027

Plant description Demand side response 12 NI Biomass Cogen, Whirinaki Generic run of river 2 Gas fired OCGT 5 Demand side response 13 NI

Technology description Price-responsive load curtailment Cogeneration, biomass-fired Hydro, run of river Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Price-responsive load curtailment

Capacity MW 50 63 50 100 50

Substation (approx) Mt Roskill Whirinaki Inangahua Otahuhu Central Park

G.3

Scenario 3: Medium Renewables


The key features of the Medium Renewables scenario are: Gas prices are lower than in the previous two scenarios, though the volume available is still limited. Carbon prices are moderate. The NZAS aluminium smelter is progressively phased out between 2022 and 2027. No new generation build is required over the phase-out period. Baseload thermal generation is considerably reduced, with two out of four Huntly coal-fired units, Taranaki CC and Southdown decommissioned. However, an efficient new coal-fired power station is constructed in 2022. There is moderate geothermal and wind development, mainly in the North Island. By 2020, geothermal and wind capacity each exceed 1,400 MW. There is little new hydro generation. Over 1,400 MW of thermal peakers are available by 2022. The demand side contributes relatively little, with interruptible load and price-responsive demand increasing by just 150 MW over the same period.

Installed capacity by technology - Medium renewables (mds3)


12000

10000
Wind Cogeneration, other Open cycle gas turbine - gas Interruptible load Hydro, schedulable Hydro, run of river Hydro, peaking Hydro, pumped storage Geothermal Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Cogeneration, gas-fired Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Price-responsive load curtailment Coal Combined cycle gas turbine Cogeneration, biomass-fired

8000

MW

6000

4000

2000

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Year

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Appendix G: Generation Scenarios

Projects and commission dates Medium Renewables scenario


Year 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2022 Plant description Wairakei Kawerau Norske Skog Te Mihi Waitara McKee peaker Ngatamariki Mahinerangi stage 2 Mill Creek Generic geo 2 Mohikinui Maungaharuru Huntly coal unit 1 Tauhara stage 2 Hawea Control Gate Retrofit Demand side response 1 NI Demand side response 1 SI Central Wind Generic geo 1 New IL 1 Southdown Generic geo 3 Generic geo 5 Diesel fired OCGT 16 Puketoi Taranaki CC Diesel fired OCGT 18 Gas fired OCGT 6 Gas fired OCGT 12 Turitea Huntly coal unit 2 Generic run of river 4 Diesel fired OCGT 12 Gas fired OCGT 3 Gas fired OCGT 9 Marsden Coal Technology description Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal Peaker, fast start gasfired peaker Geothermal Wind Wind Geothermal Hydro, run of river Wind Coal Geothermal Hydro, peaking Price-responsive load curtailment Price-responsive load curtailment Wind Geothermal Interruptible load Combined cycle gas turbine Geothermal Geothermal Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Wind Combined cycle gas turbine Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Peaker, fast start gasfired peaker Peaker, fast start gasfired peaker Wind Coal Hydro, run of river Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Peaker, fast start gasfired peaker Peaker, fast start gasfired peaker Coal Capacity MW 0 25 165 100 82 170 60 100 85 94 0 200 17 50 50 120 100 50 0 100 100 40 175 0 100 160 160 180 0 50 100 160 160 320 Substation (approx) (Decomm.) Wairakei Kawerau Wairakei Motunui Deviation Nga Awa Purua Halfway Bush Wilton Ohaaki Inangahua Whirinaki (Decomm.) Huntly Wairakei Cromwell Takapuna Bromley Rangipo Kawerau Penrose (Decomm.) Southdown Wairakei Rotorua New Plymouth Linton (Decomm.) Stratford New Plymouth Otahuhu Stratford Linton (Decomm.) Huntly Hokitika Kaitemako Southdown Huntly Marsden

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Appendix G Generation Scenarios

G.4

Scenario 4: Coal
The key features of the Coal scenario are: Gas prices are lower than in the Sustainable Path and South Island Wind scenarios, though the volume available is still limited. This is the scenario with the lowest carbon prices. Most existing baseload thermal generation remains online. Taranaki CC is decommissioned, and one coal-fired Huntly unit follows in 2025. An efficient new coal-fired power station is commissioned in 2022; a second, burning Southland lignite, in 2025. There is also some renewable development. Geothermal capacity climbs to 1,400 MW, and 250 MW of new hydro and 250 MW of wind are added. The output of existing hydro generation is curtailed due to difficulties in obtaining water rights. Over 1,000 MW of thermal peakers are available by 2027 (less than in the more renewable scenarios). Interruptible load and price-responsive demand increase by 400 MW over the same period.

Installed capacity by technology - Coal (mds4)


12000

10000
Wind Cogeneration, other Open cycle gas turbine - gas Lignite Interruptible load Hydro, schedulable Hydro, peaking Geothermal Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Cogeneration, gas-fired Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Price-responsive load curtailment Coal Combined cycle gas turbine Cogeneration, biomass-fired

8000
MW

6000

4000

2000

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Year
Projects and commission dates Coal scenario
Year 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 Plant description Wairakei Kawerau Norske Skog Te Mihi Waitara McKee peaker Ngatamariki Technology description Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Geothermal Capacity MW 0 25 165 100 82 Substation (approx) (Decomm.) Wairakei Kawerau Wairakei Motunui Deviation Nga Awa Purua

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387

Appendix G: Generation Scenarios

Year 2016 2016 2017 2017 2017 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2021 2022 2024 2025 2025 2025 2026

Plant description Generic geo 5 Demand side response 1 NI New IL 1 Demand side response 2 NI Demand side response 1 SI Demand side response 3 NI Demand side response 2 SI Kaiwera Downs Generic geo 1 Generic geo 4 Taranaki CC Tauhara stage 2 Generic geo 3 North Bank Tunnel Gas fired OCGT 12 New IL 2 Generic coal 1 Glenbrook Gas fired OCGT 6 Huntly coal unit 1 Generic lignite 1 Southland Demand side response 12 NI Gas fired OCGT 9

Technology description Geothermal Price-responsive load curtailment Interruptible load Price-responsive load curtailment Price-responsive load curtailment Price-responsive load curtailment Price-responsive load curtailment Wind Geothermal Geothermal Combined cycle gas turbine Geothermal Geothermal Hydro, peaking Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Interruptible load Coal Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Coal Lignite Price-responsive load curtailment Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker

Capacity MW 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 240 100 100 0 200 100 280 160 50 400 160 0 400 50 160

Substation (approx) Rotorua Takapuna Penrose Mangere Bromley Central Park Islington North Makarewa Kawerau Whakamaru (Decomm.) Stratford Wairakei Wairakei Waitaki Stratford Mt Roskill Glenbrook Otahuhu (Decomm.) Huntly North Makarewa Mt Roskill Huntly

G.5

Scenario 5: High Gas Discovery


The key features of the High Gas Discovery scenario are: Substantial volumes of natural gas are available at affordable prices. Carbon prices are moderate. All four coal-fired Huntly units are decommissioned by 2020. However, existing gas-fired generators remain online. Efficient new CCGTs are constructed - a 200 MW plant in Taranaki in 2015, a 240 MW plant in Northland in 2017, and 400 MW plants in Auckland in 2020 and 2025. New gas-fired peakers are added, with thermal peaking capacity reaching 1,100 MW by 2027. There is also new gas-fired cogeneration. There is also some renewable development. Geothermal capacity climbs to 1,200 MW, and 650 MW of new wind is added. There is little new hydro generation.

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Appendix G Generation Scenarios

Interruptible load and price-responsive demand increase by 200 MW (rather less than in the 2010 SOO, and hence the last APR).

Installed capacity by technology - High gas discovery (mds5)


12000

10000
Wind Cogeneration, other Open cycle gas turbine - gas Interruptible load Hydro, schedulable Hydro, run of river Hydro, peaking Geothermal Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Cogeneration, gas-fired Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Price-responsive load curtailment Coal Combined cycle gas turbine Cogeneration, biomass-fired

8000

MW

6000

4000

2000

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Year
Projects and commission dates High Gas Discovery scenario
Year 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2017 2018 Plant description Huntly coal unit 1 Wairakei Kawerau Norske Skog Te Mihi Remaining part of Wairakei Waitara McKee peaker Ngatamariki Huntly coal unit 2 Todd CCGT Arnold Demand side response 1 NI Demand side response 1 SI Taranaki Cogen Generic geo 3 New IL 1 Rodney CCGT stage 1 Huntly coal unit 3 Technology description Coal Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Geothermal Coal Combined cycle gas turbine Hydro, run of river Price-responsive load curtailment Price-responsive load curtailment Cogeneration, gas-fired Geothermal Interruptible load Combined cycle gas turbine Coal Capacity MW 0 0 25 165 110 100 82 0 200 46 50 50 50 100 50 240 0 Substation (approx) (Decomm.) Huntly (Decomm.) Wairakei Kawerau Wairakei Wairakei Motunui Deviation Nga Awa Purua (Decomm.) Huntly Stratford Dobson Takapuna Bromley Stratford Wairakei Penrose Huapai (Decomm.) Huntly

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Appendix G: Generation Scenarios

Year 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2020 2020 2020 2021 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2025 2027

Plant description Wairau Diesel fired OCGT 19 Gas fired OCGT 9 Gas fired OCGT 12 Demand side response 2 SI Huntly coal unit 4 Generic gas 1 Auckland Generic geo 2 Diesel fired OCGT 13 Generic geo 1 Kaituna Gas fired OCGT 3 Hauauru ma raki 1 Generic wind Wellington Mahinerangi stage 2 Slopedown Otahuhu C Gas fired OCGT 6

Technology description Hydro, run of river Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Price-responsive load curtailment Coal Combined cycle gas turbine Geothermal Peaker, diesel-fired OCGT Geothermal Hydro, run of river Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker Wind Wind Wind Wind Combined cycle gas turbine Peaker, fast start gas-fired peaker

Capacity MW 73 40 160 160 50 0 410 100 40 100 15 160 250 80 170 150 407 160

Substation (approx) Blenheim Gracefield Huntly Stratford Islington (Decomm.) Huntly Otahuhu Ohaaki Whirinaki Kawerau Tarukenga Southdown Huntly Takapu Rd Halfway Bush Gore Otahuhu Otahuhu

G.6

Plots of installed capacity for major generation technologies


Installed capacity of coal and lignite
1600 1400 1200 1000
Sustainable path (mds1) SI w ind (mds2) Medium renew ables (mds3) Coal (mds4) High gas discovery (mds5)

MW

800 600 400 200 0 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026

Year

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Appendix G Generation Scenarios

Installed capacity of gas


Sustainable path (mds1) SI w ind (mds2) Medium renew ables (mds3) Coal (mds4) High gas discovery (mds5)

2500

2000

MW

1500

1000

500 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026

Year Installed capacity of geothermal


1600 1500 1400 1300 1200
Sustainable path (mds1) SI w ind (mds2) Medium renew ables (mds3) Coal (mds4) High gas discovery (mds5)

MW

1100 1000 900 800 700 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026

Year
Installed capacity of hydro
Sustainable path (mds1) SI w ind (mds2) Medium renew ables (mds3) Coal (mds4) High gas discovery (mds5)

6200

6000

5800

MW
5600 5400 5200 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026

Year

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Appendix G: Generation Scenarios

Installed capacity of interruptible load and price-responsive load curtailment


600
Sustainable path (mds1) SI w ind (mds2) Medium renew ables (mds3) Coal (mds4) High gas discovery (mds5)

500

400

MW
300 200 100 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026

Year

Installed capacity of thermal peakers


Sustainable path (mds1) SI w ind (mds2) Medium renew ables (mds3) Coal (mds4) High gas discovery (mds5)

1400

1200

MW

1000

800

600

400 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026

Year
Installed capacity of wind
3000
Sustainable path (mds1) SI w ind (mds2) Medium renew ables (mds3) Coal (mds4) High gas discovery (mds5)

2500

MW

2000

1500

1000

500

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Year

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Appendix H: Project Naming

Appendix H

Transpower Project Naming

Transpower assigns a unique project reference to each project. This is to assist internally and externally in ensuring unambiguous project references between Transpower and its customers, industry, the Electricity Authority and the wider New Zealand public. All projects are named according to the following convention: LocationIdentifier-AssetCategory-TypeOfWork-UniqueID

Location

Asset Category

Work Type

Unique ID

Region AKLD WAKT BOPE WGTN CHCH etc

or

Site Existing Station codes: + GRD PAO PTR or Line code: ADD_ISL ARI_EDG MTI_WKM etc

or

Parent NIGU NAAN SIGU Asset Categories: POW_TFR TRAN REA_SUP SUBEST BUSC BUS_PTN C_BANKS POW_TFR_DIS POW_TFR_PTN BUSZ_PTN

Work Types: DEV EHMT REPL

Unique ID: 01 02 03 ...

H.1

Location Identifier
The first block of letters is the location identifier, which can be one of three types: region site, or major project parent. The region/site codes are largely based on Transpowers existing site/line specific abbreviations (e.g. OTA for Otahuhu). Where new sites are contemplated, a new abbreviation will be formed (e.g. GRD for Geraldine). Unique codes of four characters will be made for regions or cities where a project is not sufficiently well defined in location to use a site/line abbreviation (for example, AKLD for Auckland, CHCH for Christchurch). Unique four character codes will also be used for parent projects (e.g. large umbrella projects encompassing a number of individual projects). Examples used in the APR include:

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Appendix H: Project Naming

NIGU North Island Grid Upgrade NAAN North Auckland and Northland HVDC HVDC UPNI Upper North Island

H.2

Asset Category
Codes for the asset category are to be based on Transpowers internal coding practices. These include: C_BANKS Capacitor banks SYN_COND Synchronous Condenser TRAN Transmission REA_PWRC Reactive Power Controller REA_PWRS Reactive Power Support BUSG Bussing POW_TFR Power Transformer SUBEST Substation Establishment

H.3

Work Type
Codes for the work type also reflect Transpowers internal coding. Examples include: DEV Development EHMT Enhancement REPL Replacement

H.4

Unique ID
Finally, a unique numeric identifier is added at the end of the code sequence to distinguish projects for which all other parts of the name are identical. This can occur in particular over a ten year forecast period.

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Appendix I: Glossary

Appendix I
Term After Diversity Maximum Demand automatic under frequency load shedding availability

Glossary
Description The peak consumption of energy (averaged over a half-hour period and expressed in Watts) that incorporates the non-simultaneous nature of each point of supplys load peak time. The automatic disconnection of customers for severe or prolonged under frequency. Implemented on relays installed within the distribution network or at Transpowers substations, customers are tripped in two, nominally, 20% groups. The number of hours per year the network or part thereof is in service. Unavailability is the opposite of availability (for example, the hours per year the network or part thereof is not providing service). That part of a substation or power station where a given circuits switchgear is located. According to the type of circuit, a substation or power station may include: feeder bays, transformer bays, bus coupler bays, etc. A double-bus substation where, for two circuits, three circuit-breakers are connected in series between the two buses, the circuits being connected on each side of the central circuit-breaker. The common primary conductor of power from a power source to two or more separate circuits. A circuit-breaker located between two busbars that can both be accessed by the same external circuit. The bus coupler circuit-breaker permits the busbars to be connected together or separated under load or fault conditions. Part of a bus that can be isolated from another part of the same bus. One or more insulated conductors forming a transmission circuit above or below ground. A number of capacitors connected together in series and/or parallel to form the requisite capacitance and voltage rating for reactive compensation and harmonic filters on the HVAC and HVDC power systems. The current taken by a transmission circuit to energise its conductors due to the capacitive effect of the circuit. A set of conductors (normally three) plus associated hardware and insulation on a transmission line, which together form a single electrical connection between two or more stations and which, when faulted, is removed automatically from the system (by circuitbreakers) as a single entity. A switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal conditions, such as those of short circuit. The use of high-pressure steam from a turbo-generator set for an industrial process. The production of electricity is usually secondary to the requirements of the industrial process. The operational state of equipment that has undergone the commissioning process and is brought under the operational control of a service centre/controller. Refers to actual proposed projects that satisfy a number of criteria indicating that they are extremely likely to proceed in the near future. For example: land has been acquired for construction of the project planning consents, construction approvals and licences have been obtained construction has begun, or a firm commencement date has been set contracts for supply and construction have been finalised, and financing arrangements are largely complete.

bay (of a station)

breaker-and-a-half station bus bus coupler circuitbreaker bus section cable capacitor bank

charging current (line) circuit (transmission) (cct)

circuit-breaker

co-generation commissioned committed projects

constraint contingency

A local limitation in the transmission capacity of the grid required to maintain grid security or power quality. The uncertainty of an event occurring, and the planning to cover for this. For example, a single contingency could be: a. b. in relation to transmission, the unplanned tripping of a single item of equipment, or in relation to a fall in frequency, the loss of the largest single block of generation in service, or the loss of one HVDC pole.

contingent event

Those events for which, in the reasonable opinion of the system operator, resources can be economically provided to maintain the security of the grid and power quality without the

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Appendix I: Glossary

Term continuous rating decommissioned demand demand-side management disconnector dispatch

Description shedding of demand. The maximum rating to which equipment can be operated continuously. The status of equipment which is permanently disconnected from the power system, made permanently inoperable, and free of any operational identification. A measure of the rate of consumption of electrical energy. Initiatives or mechanisms used to control electricity demand. Examples include ripple controls on water heating or contracted shedding of load (demand). A switch that, when in the open position, provides an isolating distance in accordance with specified requirements. The process of : a. pre-dispatch scheduling to allocate active and reactive power generation, including additional ancillary services and reserve, to match expected demand, within the limitations of the grid and equipment b. rescheduling to meet forecast demand, and c. issuing instructions based on the schedule and the real-time conditions to manage resources to meet the actual demand.

distribution (of electricity) distribution line double circuit line duplicate protection

The transfer of electricity between the transmission network and end users through a local network. An electric line that is part of a local network. A transmission line carrying two circuits. A protection scheme for a plant item such that any fault on the plant item can be cleared by two independent sets of relays, either of which is able to operate correctly even if the other fails completely. An asset owner whose assets are predominantly for the distribution of electricity to customers. The Electricity Governance Regulations 2003 and all amendments and codes of practice following therefrom. The rules made pursuant to the Electricity Governance Regulations 2003. Embedded generators are smaller power plants connected to a regional electricity line businesss distribution network (as opposed to the high voltage transmission network). An entity connected to the power system for the primary purpose of consuming electricity. A term identifying undesired or untoward operational happenings, principally: a. b. c. d. e. f. accidents (resulting in loss) near-misses (which, under slightly different circumstances, could have caused loss) to people, process, equipment, material or the environment a disturbance to the power system a significant change in the state of the grid equipment defects, and fire or intruder alarm operation.

electricity distributor Electricity Governance Regulations Electricity Governance Rules embedded generators end user event

feeder firm capacity forced outage frequency (power) frequency excursion gas turbine (GT) generating set

A circuit that provides a direct connection to a customer. Power capacity intended to be available at all times during the period covered by a guaranteed commitment to deliver, even under adverse conditions. The automatic or urgent removal from service of an item of equipment. The rate of cyclic change in value of current and voltage, quantified by the international standard term Hertz (Hz). A variation of the power system frequency above 50.25 Hz or below 49.75 Hz. A heat engine that uses the energy of expanding gases passing through a multi-stage turbine to create rotational power. A group of rotating machines transforming mechanical or thermal energy into electricity. Note: For the purposes of the operating codes and the output ratings referred to, the set is taken to include the limitations of the energy source, turbine, generator, cable, set transformer and switchgear. [GOSP glossary - IEC 50 (602-02-01)]

generation

The electrical energy produced by a generator, a generating station or within a power system as a whole.

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Appendix I: Glossary

Term generator

Description The process of producing electricity. A person who owns and/or manages one or more generating sets that are physically connected to the grid assets or to a network or to other assets connected to the grid assets. That part of the New Zealand electricity transmission system, the operation of which is undertaken by the grid operator. Transpower New Zealand Limited. At any time, the plant, transmission lines and other facilities, owned or managed by the grid asset owner, and which are used to interconnect all the points of connection for connected parties. A point of connection where electricity may flow out of the grid. A point of connection where electricity may flow into the grid. High voltage alternating current. High voltage direct current. The state of equipment that is connected to a source of energy or may be connected to a source of energy by an operating action. The maximum instantaneous current drawn. It consists of continuous, non-continuous and momentary currents. A protection signalling system whereby a signal initiated at one station trips a circuitbreaker at another station. The condition that arises when a section of the power system is disconnected from and operating independently of the remainder of the power system. The date where replacement/major refurbishment is necessary. A series of structures carrying overhead one or more transmission circuits. Types of load control include: automatic under frequency load shedding (see MW reserve of a power system) interruptible load (see MW reserve of a power system), and manual load shedding (see manual load shedding).

grid grid asset owner grid assets

grid exit point (GXP) grid injection point HVAC HVDC in service instantaneous load intertrip islanded operation life expectancy line [overhead] load control

load shedding main protection manual load shedding maximum continuous rating (MCR) maximum demand MegaVoltAmpere (MVA) n-1, n

The forced disconnection of load, in stages. This is either manual (see load control) or automatic (see MW reserve [of a power system]). Protection equipment (or a system) expected to have priority in initiating either a fault clearance or an action to terminate an abnormal condition in the power system. The forced disconnection of load by an operator/controller. The value assigned to an equipment parameter by the manufacturer, and at which the equipment may be operated for an unlimited period without damage. The peak consumption of energy (averaged over a half-hour period and expressed in watts) recorded during a given time, for example, a day, week, or year. 1000 kVA. The flow of active power is measured in megaWatts (MW). When compounded with the flow of reactive power, which is measured in Mvar, the resultant is measured in MegaVoltAmperes (MVA). Refers to the planning standard that Transpower generally plans the grid to. The n-1 security level provides supply security to the connected loads under a single credible contingency with all the assets that can reasonably be expected in service. The single credible contingencies that are defined in the Rules are: a single transmission circuit interruption the failure or removal from operational service of a single generating unit an HVDC link single pole interruption the failure or removal from service of a single bus section a single interconnecting transformer interruption, and the failure or removal from service of a single shunt connected reactive component. An n security standard means that any outage will trip load. It is often found in smaller supply areas, where just one transmission circuit or supply transformer provides supply.

nominal rating

The design rating of the equipment or transmission circuit. For equipment, this is often referred to as the 'nameplate rating'.

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Appendix I: Glossary

Term nominal system frequency non-continuous load

Description 50 Hertz. A load that is energised for a portion of the duty cycle greater than one minute. It may be for a set period, and removal may be automatic or by operator action or it may continue to the end of the duty cycle. The state of the power system when it is operating in accordance with statutory requirements as regards quality of supply and within basic design and operational parameters. Equipment fitted to a power transformer by which the voltage ratio between the windings can be varied while the transformer is on-load. The state of an item of equipment when it is not available to perform its intended function. An outage may or may not cause an interruption of supply to customers. A transmission line. A load greater than the maximum continuous rating. See maximum demand. The maximum peak load (in amps) that can be expected to be carried within a twelve month period on the circuit or by the equipment/component. A deliberate outage scheduled for maintenance purposes. The ratio between active power (expressed in watts, W) and true power (expressed in volt-amperes, VA). Can vary between 1 and 0. A load with a low power factor uses more reactive current than a load with a high power factor for the same amount of useful power transferred. Simulation of the actual power system using computer models, so as to analyse the effects of changes to inputs (like demand, supply, and asset ratings), and identify constraints or other issues that might affect security of supply to a region. The capability of a power system to regain a steady state, characterised by the synchronous operation of the generators after a disturbance due, for example, to variation of power or impedance. A transformer that primarily changes voltage and current for the efficient conveyance of electricity over the circuits connected to it. The equipment provided for detecting abnormal conditions in a power system and then initiating fault clearance or actuating signals or indications. Energy that flows in the power system between alternators, capacitors, SVCs, etc., and inductive and capacitive equipment such as transmission lines and low power factor loads. It is the product of the voltage and out-of-phase components of the alternating current and is measured in vars. A device designed to produce predetermined changes in one or more electrical output circuits, when certain conditions are fulfilled in the electrical input circuits controlling the device. The failure rate. For example, the number of failures per year based on experience over a long time period, say 10 years or more. A consent to use land, air or water granted by the local government under the Resource Management Act. The consent usually imposes limits on that use. The statistical return period of a weather-related event, load or load effect. An automatic limit on generation or HVDC transfer, which typically would be enabled when there is loss of a particular circuit, transformer, signalling or control system. A term used to describe the ability or capacity of a network to provide service after one or more equipment failures. It can be defined by deterministic planning criteria such as (n), (n-1), (n-2) security contingency. A security contingency of (n-m) at a particular location in the network means that m component failures can be tolerated without loss of service. The three second fault rating of equipment. The maximum rating to which equipment can be operated for a specified duration. A transmission line carrying one circuit. A circuit connected to the transmission system at only one point. The critical value of a given system state variable that cannot be exceeded without endangering power system stability.

normal system conditions on-load tap-changer (OLTC) outage overhead line overload peak demand peak load planned outage power factor

power flow analysis

power system stability power transformer protection reactive power

relay

reliability resource consent return period runback scheme security

short circuit rating short term rating single-circuit line spur circuit stability limit

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Appendix I: Glossary

Term

Description For a power system without a fault, this concept is related to the steady state stability of the system.

steady state stability substation switchgear switchgear group switching station synchronous condenser system frequency system normal

A power system stability in which disturbances have only small rates of change and small relative magnitudes. A building, structure or enclosure incorporating equipment used principally for the control of the transmission or distribution of electricity. A collective term for switches of all types and their associated equipment, including circuit-breakers, disconnectors, and earthing switches. A circuit-breaker and related disconnectors. The relationship is determined by switchgear numbering. A station existing solely for the purpose of transmission rather than supply. A synchronous machine running without mechanical load and supplying or absorbing reactive power to regulate local voltage. At any instant the value of the frequency of the power in the North Island or South Island. See also Hertz, nominal system frequency, and frequency. The power system is operating in the normal state when: generation meets the demand at 50Hz (0.2 Hz) voltage requirements are met grid equipment is operated within design ratings, and reserve margins and the power system configuration provide an adequate level of operational security.

system operator tee (or T) point tee-off thermal constraints/limits/ capacities thermal upgrade transformer

The person responsible from time to time for the operation of the grid system. The system operator is Transpower New Zealand Limited. The point at which a branch transmission circuit is solidly and permanently connected to a main circuit, usually without switchgear. See also tee-off. A branch transmission circuit joining a main circuit and that is protected as part of the main circuit. Refers to the temperature ratings of the assets (lines, generators, transformers) connected to the power system, beyond which the assets cannot securely be operated. The increase in temperature ratings of assets to provide more capacity. A static electric device consisting of a winding or two or more coupled windings which transfer power by electromagnetic induction between circuits of the same frequency, usually with changed values of voltage and current. Refers to the response of the power system when it experiences a large disturbance like a line fault or outage of a generator. The conveying of bulk electricity from power stations to points of supply (compared with distribution). An electrical circuit the primary purpose of which is the transmission of electricity from one geographical location to another. A series of structures carrying one or more transmission circuits overhead. That part of the power system primarily intended for the conveyance of bulk electricity. The nominal potential difference between conductors or the nominal potential difference between a conductor and earth, whichever is applicable. A sudden and large decrease in the voltage of the electrical system. Refers to the power systems ability to maintain a satisfactory voltage at all buses for any disturbance, such as a variation in load or an outage of plant.

transient (in)stability transmission transmission circuit transmission line transmission system voltage voltage collapse voltage (in)stability

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Appendix J: Grid Exit and Injection Points

Appendix J

Grid Exit and Injection Points


North Island

Table J-1: North Island Grid Exit and Injection Points

North Isthmus Albany Bream Bay Dargaville Henderson Hepburn Road Huapai Kensington Maungatapere Maungaturoto Silverdale Wellsford Marsden GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP

Auckland Bombay Glenbrook Hobson Street Mangere Meremere Mount Roskill Pakuranga Penrose Takanini Wiri Otahuhu Southdown Drury GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP/ GXP GIP SWI

Waikato Cambridge Hamilton Hangatiki Hinuera Kopu Piako Putaruru Te Awamutu Te Kowhai Waihou Waikino Huntly Arapuni Atiamuri Karapiro Maraetai Mokai Ohakuri GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP/ GXP GIP GIP GIP GIP GIP GIP

Bay of Plenty Edgecumbe Kaitimako Kinleith Lichfield Mt Maunganui Owhata Rotorua Tarukenga Tauranga Te Kaha Te Matai Waiotahi Kawerau Matahina GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP/ GXP GIP

Central North Island Bunnythorpe Dannevirke Linton Mangamaire Marton Mataroa GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP

Taranaki Brunswick GXP

Hawkes Bay Fernhill Gisborne Redclyffe Tokomaru Bay Wairoa Whakatu Tuai Whirinaki GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP GIP

Wellington Central Park Gracefield Greytown Haywards GXP GXP GXP GXP

Carrington St GXP Hawera Huirangi Motunui Opunake Taumarunui Wanganui Waverley Kapuni New Plymouth GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP GIP GIP

Kaiwharawhara GXP Masterton Melling Paraparaumu Pauatahanui Takapu Rd Upper Hutt Wilton West Wind GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP

National Park GXP Ohakune Ongarue Tangiwai Waipawa Woodville Aratiatia Mangahao Nga Awa Purua Ohaaki Poihipi Rangipo GXP GXP GXP GXP

GXP/ Stratford GIP GIP GIP GIP GIP GIP GIP

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Appendix J: Grid Exit and Injection Points

North Island
North Isthmus Auckland Waikato Waipapa Whakamaru Ohinewai GIP GIP SWI Bay of Plenty Central North Island Tararua Tokaanu Wairakei GIP GIP GIP Taranaki Hawkes Bay Wellington

Table J-2: South Island Grid Exit and Injection Points

South Island
Nelson/Marlborough Argyle Blenheim Motueka Motupipi Stoke Cobb Upper Takaka GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP SWI West Coast Arthurs Pass Atarau Castle Hill Dobson Greymouth Hokitika Kikiwa Murchison Otira Reefton Orowaiti (Robertson Rd) Westport Kumara Inangahua GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP SWI Canterbury Addington Ashburton Ashley Bromley Culverden Hororata Islington Kaiapoi Middleton Southbrook Springston Waipara Coleridge GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP South Canterbury Albury Bells Pond Black Point Oamaru Studholme Temuka Timaru Twizel Aviemore Benmore Ohau A Ohau B Ohau C Tekapo A GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP GIP GIP GIP GIP GIP Otago/Southland Balclutha Brydone Cromwell Edendale Frankton Gore GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP

Halfway Bush GXP Invercargill Naseby North Makarewa Palmerston South Dunedin Tiwai Berwick GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GXP GIP

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Appendix J: Grid Exit and Injection Points

South Island
Nelson/Marlborough West Coast Waimangaroa SWI Canterbury South Canterbury Tekapo B Waitaki Livingstone GIP GIP SWI Otago/Southland Clyde Manapouri Roxburgh Three Mile Hill GIP GIP GIP SWI

GXP Grid Exit Point GIP Grid Injection Point

SWI Switching Station

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2012 Annual Planning Report Transpower New Zealand Limited 2012. All rights reserved.

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