Bibliography Johnson CP, Myers SM. Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Pediatrics 1 Nov 2007; 120 (5): 11831215. Autism is a neural developmental disorder, with impairment in social interaction and communications exhibiting repetitive and restricted behavior. Autism has the genetic basis, is not clear, complex and is because of rare mutations. Autism exhibits three disorders recognized till the date. The first and the most recognized disorder is, Autism shows its impact on processing of information by altering the synapse of the brain nerve cells, but is not well understood how it exactly takes place. Second and third are as follows, Asperger syndrome, this means lacks delay of language and cognitive development, and pervasive developmental disorder. Matthew, Belmonte, and Ruth, Carper. Neuro imaging in Child Neuropsychiatric Disorders. New York. Springer.1997. (pages 157-171). Autism is mysterious, and most fascinating, as it impacts on every aspect of a perception of childs behavior, attitude and interaction with the social community in the world; mysterious, since it involves the complexity of almost all the interacting systems of the brain that it perturbs; telling, since it hits, touch at cognitive, social and linguistic abilities seen, at least to surface, very essential to gain one's humanity. From the past few decades, the riddle of autism has showed its progress to achieve and yield to advances in the study of behavior of autistics patients and the Basic of biological abnormalities those affect this behavior. Courchesne, E & al. Unusual brain growth patterns in early life in patients with autistic disorder An MRI study. Neurology 24 Jul 2001; 57: 245254. Here, this article mainly focuses on anatomical abnormalities of nervous system found in autistic patients. Autism involved with abnormal and unusual regulation and growth of brain during the early ages of life. The resultant of autism is an unusual, abnormal developmental or growth of neuro anatomic phenotype which is characterized by hyperplasia of cerebellar white matter, neocortical gray matter, and cerebral white matter is seen to show slow growth at the younger ages with slow growth observed thereafter in life; with slow growth observed in the cerebellar hemispheres; and a small vermis observed in all age groups of autistic patients. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. United States of America. 4rth edition. ISBN 0-89042-025-4. Jun 2004. The psychological behavior of the autistic patients is covered, with the mental disorders observed in the autistic patients with their growth and development in brain. In here, the

American Psychiatric Association has proposed some optimal treatment proposals for the patients suffering with autism. These approaches should be made in an order that they donot show impact on the mental health of the patient. In this the entire disorders of brain, anatomical relation is covered for the children and adults suffering from autism. Just, Marcel Adam; Cherkassky, Vladimir L.; Keller, Timothy A.; Kana, Rajesh K.; and Minshew, Nancy J., "Functional and anatomical cortical under connectivity in autism: Evidence from an fMRI study of an executive function task and corpus callosum morphometry". Cerebral Cortex 13 Jun 2006; Department of Psychology. Paper 230. http://repository.cmu.edu/psychology/230 It was experimented with the autistic patients with the anatomical development in cortical region of brain. The activation of the brain was observed with the highly participating autistic patients and the control group, and was observed to have lower activation in autistic patients, when exposed to same cortical areas and similar degree. The first was degree of synchronization between Frontal and Parietal lobe. And the second was the improper development of the corps callosum and the third was the size of genu of the corpus callosum. All these show that there was as improper cognition in the information access in certain cortical regions of the brain. Christopher A. Walsh, Eric M. Morrow, John L.R. Rubenstein. Autism and Brain Development. Cell. 31 Oct 2008; 135: 396-400. To proceed further in research towards Autism and its relationship with brain development, it is necessary to understand the Genetical studies to refine understanding capability of the neurodevelopmental mechanism in autism. Gene replacement studies are carried out in mice to indicate the development of ameliorate symptoms are wider in range than the previous. Matthew K. Belmonte, Greg Allen, Andrea Beckel-Mitchener, Lisa M. Boulanger, Ruth A. Carper, and Sara J. Webb. Autism and Abnormal development of Brain Connectivity. Te journal of neuroscience 20 Oct 2004; 24(42): 9228-9231. The neurological connectivity, and explanation provided on the genetic and neuropathological findings on the autism has shown that the defects are observed to unite with autism and all these are dependent on the neuroanatomic and neurophysiologic behavior. The communication between these levels has shown better understanding underlying between the cognitive and neural systems. Eric Courchesne. Brain development in autism: Early overgrowth followed by premature arrest of growth. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 7 Sep 2004; 10: 106111. The clinical diagnosis and relative tests has shown that the children are effected to overgrowth with respective to their brain area, in the early stages of the child. And it was

even observed the brain pathology at the early stages of the children is unstudied. Because of the most impeculiar overgrowth of cerebellum or the cerebral regions of the brains, this overgrowth was being observed and the improper receiving ad response in these children is because of lapse of transfer of signals in the brain. Toshiaki Hashimoto, Masanobu Tayama, Kazuyosi Murakawa, Tsutomu Yoshimoto, Masahito Miyazaki, Midori Harada and Yasuhiro Kuroda. Development of Brain stem and Cerebellum in autistic patients. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 1995; 25(1): 1-18. From the previous research carried out, it was seen that the brain was affected in autistic patients, and was observed to have abnormal growth. Here, in this article, it was studied about the development of brain stem and cerebellum in autistic patients, and how it is affected. The inner cause was experimented, why this abnormality is seen with development of brain in the autistic patients. And from the results it was observed that this abnormality is because of hypoplasia at the early stages of life. Paolo Brambilla, Antonio Hardan,Stefania Ucelli di Nemi, Jorge Perez, Jair C Soares, Francesco Barale. Brain anatomy and development in autism: review of structural MRI studies. Brain Research Bulletin. 15 Oct 2003; 61(6): 557-569. Autism is a neural developmental disorder, disrupting the cognitive and social activities. As there observed several abnormalities in brain growth and development it is necessary to study those abnormalities. Here, in this article it was mainly about the study of the MRI of brain with autism. It was observed to show the main abnormalities are found with increased size of brain, parieto-temporal lobe, and cerebellar hemisphere volumes.