Various food types and their purine content.

Total Purines in 224 Foods (alphabetically) mg uric Min Max acid/100 g (Average) HIGHEST IN PURINES (400 mg. uric acid/100 g and higher) Fish, sardines in oil 480 399 560 Liver, Calf's 460 Mushroom, flat, edible Boletus, dried 488 Neck sweet bread, Calf's 1260 Ox liver 554 Ox spleen 444 Pig's heart 530 Pig's liver 515 Pig's lungs (lights) 434 Pig's spleen 516 Sheep's spleen 773 Sprat, smoked 804 Theobromine 2300 Yeast, Baker's 680 Yeast, Brewer's 1810 MODERATELY HIGH IN PURINES (100 to 400 mg. uric acid/100g) Bean, seed, white, dry 128 Bean, Soya, seed, dry 190 Beef, chuck 120 Beef, fillet 110 Beef, fore rib, entrecote 120 Beef, muscles only 133 Beef, roast beef, sirloin 110 110 120 Beef, shoulder 110 Black gram (mungo bean), seed, dry 222 Caviar (real) 144 Chicken (breast with skin) 175 Chicken (chicken for roasting), average 115 Chicken, boiling fowl, average 159 Nutr. Density in mg/MJ 519.5 837.5 932.8 3012.9 1013.3 1052.6 1382 937.9 911.2 1208.2 1702.6 795.6 1611.3 2071.3 1866.6 127.1 139.1 192 216.4 185.4 292.1 201.4 203.9 194.3 141.6 288.4 165.8 149.2

Chicken, leg with skin, without bone Duck, average Fish, Anchovy Fish, Carp Fish, Cod Fish, Haddock Fish, Halibut Fish, Herring roe Fish, Herring, Atlantic Fish, Herring, Matje cured Fish, Mackerel Fish, Pike-perch Fish, Redfish (ocean perch) Fish, Saithe (coalfish) Fish, salmon Fish, sardine, pilchard Fish, Sole Fish, trout Fish, Tuna Fish, Tuna in oil Goose Grape, dried, raisin, sultana Ham, cooked Heart, Sheep's Horse meat Kidney, Calf's Lamb (muscles only) Lentil, seed, dry Linseed Liver, chicken Lobster Lungs, Calf's Mussel Ox heart Ox kidney Ox lungs (lights) Ox tongue Peas, chick (garbanzo), seed, dry Pig's kidney Pig's tongue

110 138 239 160 109 139 178 190 210 219 145 110 241 163 170 345 131 297 257 290 165 107 131 241 200 218 182 127 105 243 118 147 112 256 269 399 160 109 334 136

95

194

110 125

250 137

114.45 164.65

60

175

152.2 146.2 560 330.9 335.9 425.2 439.9 342.4 216.9 197.6 191.2 311.3 544.1 473.4 202 693.2 376.2 686.7 273.7 246.2 116.7 86.4 248.1 367.6 438.8 419.6 371 93.8 67.4 426.3 346.4 389.1 391.5 504.3 569.5 961.4 186 84.2 784.5 208.2

Pike Poppy seed, seed, dry Pork belly Pork belly, raw, smoked dried Pork chop with bone Pork chuck Pork fillet Pork hip bone (hind leg) Pork leg (hind leg) Pork muscles only Pork shoulder with skin (blade of shoulder) Rabbit meat, average with bone Rabbit/Hare (average) Sausage "Jagdwurst" Sausage salami, German Sausage, liver (liverwurst) Sausages, frying, from pork Scallop Shrimp, brown Spleen, Calf's Sunflower seed, dry Turkey, young animal, average, with skin Veal chop, cutlet with bone Veal fillet Veal knuckle with bone Veal, leg of veal with bone Veal, muscles only Veal, neck with bone Veal, shoulder Venison back Venison haunch (leg) Almond, sweet Apple Apricot Artichoke Asparagus Aubergine Avocado Bamboo Shoots

140 170 100 127 145 140 150 120 160 166 150 132 105 112 104 165 101 136 147 343 143 150 140 140 150 150 172 150 140 105 138

80 140 135 145 115 150 145 95

110 150 145 150 130 160 150 150

60

234

140 140

160 150

105

154

406.7 86 92.3 82.6 260 170.4 334.8 155 357.4 374.9 165.2 207.7 219.4 127.8 65.9 122.2 80.2 505.8 397.9 815.9 59.5 237.3 309.6 347.3 353.2 310.2 438.7 326.9 309.3 205 336.5 15.7 60.1 71.6 834.6 310.9 290 20.9 402.1

LOWEST IN PURINES (100 mg. uric acid/100 g and less) 37 14 73 78 23 19.71 21 19 29

29.57

Banana Barley without husk, whole grain Bean sprouts, Soya Beans, French (string beans, haricot) Beans, French, dried Beef, corned (German) Beer, alcohol free Beer, Pilsner lager beer, regular beer, German Beer, real, light Beet root Bilberry, blueberry, huckleberry Brain, Calf's Bread, wheat (flour) or (white bread) Broccoli Brussel sprouts Cabbage, red Cabbage, savoy Cabbage, white Carrot Cauliflower Caviar substitute Celeriac Cheese, Brie Cheese, Cheddar/Cheshire cheese, 50% fat cont Cheese, cottage Cheese, edam, 30% fat content in dry matter Cheese, edam, 40% fat content in dry matter Cheese, edam, 45% fat content in dry matter Cheese, Limburger, 20% fat content in dry matter Cherry, Morello Cherry, sweet Chicory Chinese leaves Chives Cocoa powder, oil partially removed, not includin Corn, sweet Fish, Crayfish Cress Crispbread Cucumber

57 96 80 37 45 57 8.1 13 14 19 22 92 14 81 69 32 37 22 17 51 18 30 7.1 6 9.4 7.1 7.1 7.1 32 17 7.1 12 21 67 71 52 60 28 60 7.3

20 40

43 50

15

21

19.79 19.87 14

36.62 42.71 25

152.4 71.1 378.3 266.9 39.4 96.5 75.4 75.2 86 108.5 143.7 203.1 13.9 691.6 456 350.2 342.6 210.3 155.9 537.9 37.8 390.6 5 4.3 22 6.8 5.4 4.8 41.7 75.5 64.2 171.8 412.4 581.2 49.7 140.9 220.3 200.8 44.9 141.7

Currant, red Date, dried Elderberry, black Endive Fennel leaves Fig (dried) Fish, eel (smoked) Frankfurter sausages Gooseberry Grape Grass, Viper's (black salsify) Kale Kiwi fruit (Chinese gooseberry, strawberry peach Kohlrabi Leek Lettuce Lettuce, Lamb's Meat, luncheon Melon, Cantelope Millet, shucked corn Morel Mushroom Mushroom, flat, edible Boletus, cep Mushrooms, canned, solid and liquid Mushrooms, Chanterelle Mushrooms, Chanterelles, canned, solids & liqui Nuts, Brazil Nuts, hazelnut (cobnut) Nuts, peanut Oats, without husk, whole grain Olive, green, marinated Onion Orange Ox brain Oyster Oyster, mushroom Parsley, leaf Pasta made with egg (noodles, macaroni, spagh Pea, pod and seed, green Pea, seed, dry

17 35 33 17 14 64 78 89 16 27 71 48 19 25 74 13 38 70 33 62 30 58 92 29 17 17 23 37 79 94 29 13 19 75 90 50 57 40 84 95

122.6 29.9 144.4 297.7 10 16 139 60.4 45 110 57.2 68.74 129.52 80.2 101.3 94.6 939.4 309.1 88.5 10.86 29.61 243.9 714.1 9.75 29.25 274.4 645.3 58.8 143 41.9 748.9 55.48 60.52 858.2 1011.6 488.5 356.2 114.2 8.3 27 42 13.9 33.8 63.6 51.1 112.4 105.9 140.7 322.6 1054.6 266.2 26.6 245.7 84.78 166.56 82.7

Peach Pear Peppers, green Pig's brain Pineapple Plaice Plum Plum, dried Potato Potato, cooked with skin Pudding, black Pumpkin Quince Radish Radishes Raspberry Rhubarb Rolls, bread Rye, whole grain Sauerkraut, dripped off Sausage "Bierschincken" Sausage "Fleischwurst" Sausage "Mortadella" Sausage "Munich Weisswurst" Sausage, Vienna Sausages, frying, from veal Sausages, German (Mettwurst) Sesame (gingelly) seed, Oriental, dry Spinach Squash, summer Strawberry Tench Tofu Tomato Nuts, Walnut Wheat, whole grain Yogurt, min. 3.5% fat content

21 12 55 83 19 93 24 64 16 18 55 44 30 15 13 18 12 21 51 16 85 78 96 73 78 91 74 62 57 24 21 80 68 11 25 51 8.1

17

37.23

90.55

47 12

63 20

79

130

11.81

25.59

40.2

83.41

119.6 51.5 681 161.71 81.4 257.6 116.8 67.9 53.6 60.3 42.8 422 185 234.3 210.6 126.3 212.6 18.2 41 224.7 117.3 66.8 67.4 65.7 65.7 81.5 45.9 26.5 844.7 296.2 156.8 243.8 196.4 145.7 9.1 39.4 27.7

It should be remembered that food is usually responsible for only ca. 30% of the uric acid content in the blood serum. Diet is very important to those who wish to lower

their uric acid, yet other considerations should not be overlooked. Extremely physical exertion or traumatic injuries may contribute to the occurrence of gout. Also foods that elevate the blood acidity, despite their low purine content, may cause an aggravation of gout. Some examples may be: very spicy and greasy food, coffee, alcohol, excess tea, deeply fried food and more. In Chinese medicine concepts, these foods fall under the category of Heat and damp producing foods and beverages.