Techniques of Differentiation & Integration (2011)

(A) Involving Simple Algebraic Functions

Differentiation Integration
Power Rule Reverse of Power Rule
( )
1 n n
d
ax anx
dx

=
1
( 1)
n
n
ax
ax dx c
n
+
= +
+
}
, 1 n =
Chain Rule Reverse of Chain Rule
( ) ( ) ( )
1 n n d
A ax b An ax b a
dx

(
+ = +

( ) ( )
2 2
1
(2 )
n n
d
A ax bx c An ax bx c ax b
dx

(
+ + = + + +
(

( )
( )
1
( )( 1)
n
n
ax b
ax b dx c
a n
+
+
+ = +
+
}
, 1 n =
( )
( )
( )
1
1
2
2
1
2
( )
A ax b
A
dx A ax b dx c
a ax b

+
= + = +
+
} }
( )
n
non linear dx =
}
Not in Syllabus
Note :
( )
( )
2
2
1
( 1)(2 )
n
n
An ax bx c
A ax bx c dx c
n ax b
+
+ +
+ + = +
+ +
}
Product Rule
( ) ( ) y f x g x =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
dy
f x g x f x g x
dx
' ' = +
No equivalent
Quotient Rule
( )
( )
f x
y
g x
=
| |
2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
dy f x g x f x g x
dx
g x
' '
=
No equivalent
(D) Definite Integrals
(a)
| | | | ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b
a
d
b
f x g x g x dx f x f b f a
a
dx
= = =
}
(b) ( ) 0
a
a
f x dx =
}
, (c) ( ) ( )
b
a
b
a
f x dx f x dx =
} }
,
(d) ( ) ( ) ( )
b c
a a
b
c
f x dx f x dx f x dx + =
} } }
.
(B) Involving Trigonometric Functions
Differentiation Integration
| |
| |
| |
2
sin cos
cos sin
tan sec
d
x x
dx
d
x x
dx
d
x x
dx
=
=
=
2
sin cos
cos sin
sec tan
x dx x c
x dx x c
x dx x c
= +
= +
= +
}
}
}
| | sin( ) cos( )
d
A ax Aa ax
dx
=
| | cos( ) sin( )
d
A ax Aa ax
dx
=
| |
2
tan( ) sec ( )
d
A ax Aa ax
dx
=
cos( )
sin( )
A ax
A ax dx c
a

= +
}
sin( )
cos( )
A ax
A ax dx c
a
= +
}
2
tan( )
sec ( )
A ax
A ax dx c
a
= +
}
| | | |
1
sin ( ) sin( ) cos( )
n
n
d
A ax An ax a ax
dx

( =

| | | |
1
cos ( ) cos( ) sin( )
n
n
d
A ax An ax a ax
dx

( =

| |
2
1
tan ( ) tan( ) sec ( )
n
n
d
A ax An ax a ax
dx

( ( =

Note :
1
sin ( )
sin ( )
( )( 1)
n
n
A ax
A ax dx c
a n
+
= +
+
}
Need to use trigonometric identities like double
angle formulae.
Example :
2
1 cos 2
sin
2
x
A x dx A dx

=
} }
( )
1
1 cos 2 sin 2
2
2 2
A A
x dx x x c = = +
}
by using identity :
2
cos 2 1 2sin x x =
(C) Involving Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Differentiation Integration
( )
x x
d
e e
dx
=
( )
ax ax
d
e ae
dx
=
x x
ax
ax
e dx e c
e
e dx c
a
= +
= +
}
}
( )
x x
d
Ae Ae
dx
=
( )
ax ax
d
Ae Aae
dx
=
x x
Ae dx Ae c = +
}
ax
ax
Ae
Ae dx c
a
= +
}
Note :
( )
( )
( )
1
( 1)
ax ax
ax ax
ax ax
n
n
A e e
A e e dx c
n ae ae

+
+
+ = +
+
}
| |
1
ln( )
d
x
dx x
=
| | ln( )
d A
A x
dx x
=
| | ln( )
d Aa
A ax b
dx ax b
+ =
+
1
ln dx x c
x
= +
}
, ln
A
dx A x c
x
= +
}
ln A ax b
A
dx c
ax b a
+
= +
+
}
ln
a
dx ax b c
ax b
= + +
+
}
,
2
2
2
ln
ax
dx ax b c
ax b
= + +
+
}
A
dx
non linear
=

}
where A is a constant, Not in Syllabus