Test 2 Summer 2012 SCI 1101 KEY Name________________

Form A_1

BE SURE TO PRINT YOUR NAME ON THE FIRST PAGE OF THIS TEST. Place all answers on the answer grid. 1. A group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area defines a(n) a. community b. ecosystem c. population d. biosphere e. habitat 2. What distribution pattern is the most common in the natural world? a. random b. uniform c. clumped d. stratified or layered e. bimodal 3. A(n) ______ is the type of place where individuals of a species typically live. a. biome b. habitat c. niche d. ecosystem 4. Which density-dependent factor controls the size of a population? a. wind velocity b. light intensity c. supply d. rainfall e. wave action in an intertidal zone 5. Which factor(s) do not shape community structure. a. Climate and topography b. Available foods and resources c. Adaptations of species in community d. Species interactions e. All of these shape community structure nutrient

6-14. Complete using this word bank. a. life history pattern b. Type I c. carrying capacity d. demographic transition model e. r ab. family planning programs ac. Type II ad. weather ae. logistic growth bc. None of these

6. As long as __ e. r _______ is positive, the population will continue to increase at everincreasing rates: easily measured by noting the doubling time. 7. ___ ae. logistic growth ________deals with density-dependent controls. 8. Each species has a(n)___ life history pattern ________ that influences survival, fertility, and the age of first reproduction. 9. A(n)___ b. Type I _________ curve is typical of large mammals where few offspring are produced and cared for so that infant mortality is low; death usually comes after an extended life.
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10. Some events, such as,___ ad. weather __________ tend to increase the death rate without respect to the number of individuals present. 11. In the_ d. demographic transition model _________________, changes in population growth are linked to four stages of economic development. 12. Effective __ ab. family planning programs ____________ can achieve a faster decline in birth rate than economic development alone. 13. The sustainable supply of resources defines the ___ c. carrying capacity _________ for a particular population in a given environment. 14. ___ bc. None of these ______refers to the general pattern in which the population members are dispersed through its habitat.

15- 25. Matching: The following may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a. competitive exclusion b. riparian zone c. density-dependent control d. biological magnification e. energy pyramid ab. food web ac. ecosystem ad. biotic potential ae. decomposer bc. pioneer species bd. zero population growth be. None of these

15. c. density-dependent control Any factor, such as disease, that operates at high population densities; the birth rate falls and/or the death rate increases. 16. bd. zero population growth No overall increase or decrease in population size during a specified interval. 17. ad. biotic potential The maximum rate of increase per individual of a population under ideal conditions. 18. be. None of these A population's vital statistics (e.g., size, distribution, density, age structure). 19. competitive exclusion Theory that two or more species that require identical resources cannot coexist indefinitely. 20. bc. pioneer species Any opportunistic colonizer of barren or disturbed habitats. Adapted for rapid growth and dispersal. 21. b. riparian zone Narrow corridor of vegetation along a stream or river. 22. ae. decomposer Fungal or bacterial heterotroph that obtains carbon and energy from remains, products, or wastes of organisms.
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23. ab. food web Cross-connecting food chains. 24. d. biological magnification A nondegradable or slowly degradable substance becomes more concentrated in body tissues as it moves up through food chains. 25. An array of species and their physical environment. ac. ecosystem

26. The niche of each species is defined as: A. The adaptive traits that enable individuals to exploit specific resources. B. a form of symbiosis, which implies an intimate and rather permanent interdependence of the two species on one another for survival and reproduction. C. a place where an organism lives; it is characterized by distinctive physical features, vegetation, and the array of species living in it. D. the sum of activities and relationships in which it engages to secure and use the resources necessary for its survival and reproduction. E. none of these

27. True/false (True = A and False = B) The yucca moth feeds only on the yucca plant, which is completely dependent on the moth for pollinationa classic example of mutualism that is transitional.

28. __________: one species benefits while the other is not affected (for example, birds nest in tree). A. commensalism b. interspecific competition c. mutualism d. parasitism e. none of these

29. True/false (True = A and False = B) Natural selection tends to favor parasite and host adaptations that promote some level of mutual tolerance and less-than-lethal effects.

30. Asians use a starch made from______, so we harvest, process, and ship it to them. A. sweet potatoes b. kudzu c. rice roots d. corn stalks e. none of these

31. ________include small invertebrates that feed on partly decomposed particles of organic matter. A. Herbivores b. Detritivores c. Carnivores d. Omnivores e. Decomposers

32. True/false (True = A and False = B) Large-scale agriculture accounts for nearly twothirds of the human populations use of freshwater. 33. ________moves from land, to sediments in the seas, and back to the land in its long-term geochemical phase of the cycle. A. Carbon b. Nitrogen c. Phosphorus d. Hydrogen e. none of these

34. What do Asian carp do to an ecosystem? A. They improve the base of aquatic food chains. b. They biologically magnify mercury. c. They feed on the primary producers and eliminate food for other fish species. D. They provide a source of oxygen for aquatic ecosystems. e. none of these

35-40. Matching: The following may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a. Secondary succession b. community c. intraspecific competition d. carrying capacity
e. per capita
ab. survivorship curve ac. interspecific competition ad. None of these

35. c. intraspecific competition Type of ecological interaction in which individuals of the same population
compete for a share of resources.

36. Per species. ad. None of these 37. Secondary succession Ecological pattern by which a disturbed area of a community recovers and moves
back toward the climax state.

38. Per individual. e. per capita 39. d. carrying capacity The maximum number of individuals in a population (or species) that a given
environment can sustain indefinitely.

40. All populations in a habitat. b. community

BE SURE TO PRINT YOUR NAME ON THE FIRST PAGE OF THIS TEST. Place all answers on the answer grid.

Matching: The following may be used once, more than once, or not at all. b. Secondary succession b. community c. intraspecific competition d. carrying capacity
e. per capita
ab. survivorship curve ae. None of these

35. Type of ecological interaction in which individuals of the same population compete for a share of resources. 36. Per species. 37. Ecological pattern by which a disturbed area of a community recovers and moves back toward the climax state. 38. Per individual. 39. The maximum number of individuals in a population (or species) that a given environment can sustain
indefinitely.

40. All populations in a habitat.