GLENCOE - Gr. 9 Grammar SAT Workbook

SAT A ND P - 9 * RAC P REPARATI ON TICE WORK BOOK
& TEN DAYS TO THE SAT-9

GLENCOE LANGUAGE ARTS
GRADE 9
Test-Taking Strategies to Help Students Succeed!

*Stanford Achievement Test, 9th edition
This booklet was written by The Princeton Review, the nations leader in test preparation. The Princeton Review helps millions of students every year prepare for standardized assessments of all kinds. Through its association with McGraw-Hill, The Princeton Review offers the best way to help students excel on the SAT-9.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Copyright 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN 0-07-820603-0 Printed in the United States of America 23456789 024 03 02 01 00
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Preparation and Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Reading Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Reading Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Study Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Language SA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Practice Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Ten Days to the Stanford 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Reading Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Reading Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Study Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Language SA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Introduction to the Stanford 9

What is the Stanford 9?
The Stanford 9 (also called the SAT-9) is an assessment test designed to find out what you have learned in school so far. Students from all over the country take the SAT-9.
Why do I have to read this booklet?

This booklet was created to prepare you for the SAT-9. It is an interactive, helpful guide to each portion of the test.
Does the SAT-9 measure how smart I am?

No, definitely not. The SAT-9 assesses how well you can utilize the skills youve learned in class. Like anything else in life, the more you practice for the SAT-9, the better you will score.
Can I study for the SAT-9?

Cramming for the SAT-9 will not help you get a higher score. However, you can review the types of questions you will see on the test, and you can practice some simple test-taking techniques and tips for doing your best.
What is this booklet?

This booklet is a step-by-step tool designed to prepare you for the SAT-9. It includes practice exercises to complete throughout the school year, a full-length Abbreviated Practice Test, and test-taking strategies developed specifically for the SAT-9. To do as well as you can on the SAT-9, youll need to complete each set of exercises, take the Practice Test, and study the test-taking tips and strategies.
Will this booklet really help me?

Yes, it will. This booklet will acquaint you with the types of questions youll see on the real SAT-9. You are less likely to freak out on the day of the test if you have practiced taking the test beforehand. If you are not nervous on the day of the test, you will be less likely to make careless mistakes.
Will I get a higher score on the SAT-9 if I complete this booklet?

Completing this booklet will certainly not hurt your chances of getting a better score. To really improve your score, though, youll have to put some effort into it. Pay close attention to the test-taking tips, and always ask your teacher when you dont understand something.
Preparing for the SAT-9

As you practice for the SAT-9 throughout the school year, try to do each of the following:
Complete this booklet. Complete the practice exercises throughout the year, complete the Practice Test under simulated test conditions, and learn the test-taking tips and techniques. Practice the questions and sections that give you the most trouble. Get comfortable using test-taking techniques to answer difficult questions. Practice completing some SAT-9 exercises under timed conditions. The SAT-9 is a timed test, although different versions of the test have different time limits. Wear a watch to keep track of how fast or slow youre working. Take the Practice Test seriously. This is your chance to confront the SAT-9 without the pressure of the real test. Youll be able to evaluate your test-taking strengths and weaknesses and change your habits before the day of the real test. Learn from your mistakes. This booklet includes extra practice. Think about your weakest areas in advance, and make sure to allot extra study time for strengthening your weaknesses. Dont be afraid to ask questions. Ask your teacher if you dont understand why an answer is wrong. Read books that challenge you. When you come across words you dont understand, look them up in a dictionary. Carry note cards with you. Whenever you hear a word that is new to you, jot it down and look it up. This test has a strong emphasis on reading comprehension and vocabulary. Practice using word parts to figure out words. You can often figure out the meaning of a word by concentrating on its root, prefix, or suffix. Eliminate wrong answers. If you dont know the answer to a question, eliminate as many answers as you can; then guess! Generally, it is better to guess than to leave a question blank. Practice good study habits. Eat a good breakfast every morning because your brain doesnt like to work on an empty stomach. Also, take short breaks when you study to keep your mind refreshed. Dont try to prepare for the whole test at once. You will learn more if you only study one section of the test at a time. Focus on the parts of the test that cause you the most trouble.
Stanford 9 Introduction
Five Tips for Completing the Practice Exercises

There are several important strategies and techniques that will help you to do your best on the SAT-9. We will work through each technique in detail in Ten Days to the SAT-9.
In the meantime, keep these five tips in mind as you complete the practice exercises:
Tip No. 1: Pay attention to the Directions and Samples

Directions. Read the directions carefully when you begin each test section. The directions tell you how to answer the type of question that appears on each section of the test. Always make sure you understand the directions before starting a new section. Sample Questions. The sample questions show how the questions will look on each part of the test. On the real test, a sample will appear before each new section of the test. Dont waste time choosing the right answer on the sample questions. Just review them to get the look and feel of each test section.
Tip No. 2: Read the questions and answer choices slowly and carefully
If you read carelessly, you may misunderstand a question or answer choice and pick a wrong answer. It is especially important to read all of the answer choices, even if you think one of the first choices is correct! Sometimes you will find a better answer as you read on.
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Tip No. 3: Eliminate wrong answer choices first

Process of Elimination (POE). Sometimes you will not know the answer to a question. In these cases, you should try to get rid of as many wrong answers as you can. Even if you can only rule out one or two answers, your chances of guessing correctly will increase.
For example, lets use POE to find the answer to the question below.
Something that is extensive is A tiresome B defensive C thorough D irritating
Look at the underlined word. Do you know what it means? If not, heres what you should do:
1.
Decide if there are any parts of the word that you can define or recognize as parts of other words. In this case, you may know the prefix ex- from the words extra and extend. Keep those words in mind as you look at all of the answer choices.
2. 3. 4.
Look at answer choice (A). Does tiresome have anything in common with extra or extend? No. Tiresome means boring. Get rid of this answer. Look at answer choice (B). Does defensive have anything in common with extra or extend? No. Defensive means protective. Eliminate answer (B). Look at answer choice (C). Does thorough have anything in common with extra and extend? Yes! If you do a thorough search for something, it means that youve looked everywhereeven in extra places other people may not have thought to look. Keep answer choice (C). Now look at answer choice (D). Does irritating have anything in common with extra and extend? No. Irritating means annoying. Get rid of this answer. By thinking about what you know about part of the underlined word, youve determined that answer (C) is your best answer choice.
5. 6.
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Tip No. 4: If you dont know an answer, guess!

You will not be penalized for guessing on the SAT-9. Eliminate as many wrong answers as you can; then guess. Even if you cannot eliminate any answers, you still have a twenty-five percent chance of guessing the right answer.
Tip No. 5: Dont spend too much time on one question

The SAT-9 is a timed test, so you have to pace yourself. Try to answer as many of the questions as you can without being careless. Here are some tips to help you pace yourself:
Think only about the question you are working on at any given time. Read each question once slowly and carefully to make sure that you understand it.
Try to eliminate answers you know are wrong. If you can eliminate only one answer, take your best guess and move on. You can always come back to the question if you have time. Try not to read a question more than twice.
Dont be fooled!
Some wrong answer choices are included just to confuse you! These answer choices are called distractors. If you had not been careful in answering the question above, you might have been tricked into choosing wrong answer (B) because the word defensive ends in -ensive just like the word extensive.
Watch out for distractors!

Stanford 9 Introduction
Preparation and Practice
Reading Vocabulary
DIRECTIONS Mark the answer that means the same or almost the same as the underlined word. 1 A person who is prudent is A B C D proper quiet fearful careful
A B C
DIRECTIONS Read the sentence in the box. Mark the answer in which the underlined word is used the same way as in the sentence.
The terms of the agreement were vague. In which of the following does terms mean the same thing as in the sentence above? F They negotiated extensively regarding the terms of the contract. G He consulted a medical dictionary to understand the terms of the procedure. H He had studied college literature for two consecutive terms. J They shook hands to signal that they were still on good terms.
A thing that is veritable is F G H J broad natural real quick
To shirk is to A B C D neglect struggle repeat contract
The captain declared the craft ready for sailing. In which of the following does craft mean the same thing as in the sentence above?
To whittle is to F G H J build up cut down wear often fuse together
Treason has to do with A B C D damage betrayal generals fortune
A Building homes was his craft for decades. B The radar could not identify the mysterious craft. C She preferred the craft of sculpture to other hobbies. D The editor helped the author craft a title for her novel.
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A B C
The nurse dressed the soldiers wound. In which of the following does dressed mean the same thing as in the sentence above? F He dressed himself for the rain. G She dressed the cut on her leg before applying a new bandage. H The clerk dressed the store window with seasonal items. J We dressed our dolls for the makebelive tea party.
DIRECTIONS Read each sentence. For each question, mark the answer that means the same, or almost the same, as the underlined word. The need to find shelter from the storm was paramount in the campers minds. What does paramount mean? F G H J 11 Weaker Larger Uppermost Attractive
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The government announced that it would harbor refugees. In which of the following does harbor mean the same thing as in the sentence above? A The ship avoided the storm by staying in the harbor. B The nature center will harbor the injured birds until they can be returned to the wild. C He was known to harbor doubts about what happened. D A home can be a safe harbor from some dangers in life.
The dog would not relinquish the ball after struggling to win it for so long. What does relinquish mean? A B C D Get Abandon Notice Chase
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The audience members could not help but be convinced by the candidates cogent speech. What does cogent mean? F G H J Brief Courageous Dull Persuasive
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Not until she knew the steps and had practiced for weeks could the dancer appear unfettered. What does unfettered mean? A B C D Inhibited Clumsy Free Talented
Stanford 9 Preparation & Practice
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Reading Comprehension
DIRECTIONS Read the passage before reading the questions about the passage. Mark the best answer for each question.
A Lucky Break
Kelly and Karen Lange had been running every morning before school in hopes of making the New Hope High cross-country team. The sisters ran along a broad path that was flanked on one side by the Delaware River and on the other by long stretches of woodland broken by the appearance of an occasional cottage. The girls liked running by the houses. They were friendly havens of civilization along the picturesque and somewhat secluded route. Except for old Mrs. Darbys house. It was a rambling place surrounded by a high wooden fence. Every time the girls ran by, they could hear large dogs barking as they raced along the other side of the confine. The girls always sprinted along this stretch. Ill race you! shouted Kelly one morning as the girls approached the Darby property. She charged ahead, but stopped short when she heard her sister cry out. She turned around to see Karen lying in the path, holding her ankle. Kelly quickly returned to her sisters side. I tripped and sprained my ankle, explained Karen as Kelly helped her up. I cant walk on it. Youll have to get me to Mrs. Darbys house. No way! Those dogs will tear us to shreds! Well go to the front of the house. The dogs are in the back. Karen was becoming impatient. Come on, Kelly, this really hurts. We have to call Mom to come get us. The girls made their way to the front of the house. When Mrs. Darby saw them from her window, she met them and helped get Karen inside. While Kelly called home, Mrs. Darby poured cups of tea for herself and each of the girls. I hope you didnt fall because the dogs frightened you, she said kindly. Every morning I have a devil of time with them. When you go by, they want to run along. The girls were startled as two large, but now quiet dogs made their way in through the open back door. Greyhounds! Kelly exclaimed. No wonder theyre so excited when we run by! Yes, continued Mrs. Darby. I adopted them from a local organization that finds homes for retired racing dogs. Since my granddaughter left for college, theres been no one to run with them. Im afraid Im not much of a jogger. Hey! said Kelly. When Karen recovers, she and I can run with them in the morning. They can get some exercise and we would sure appreciate the company. I hope your ankles not hurt too bad, she said, turning to her sister. No, its not too bad, said Karen. And it looks like this turned into a lucky break for us!
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On which team are the girls hoping to win a place? A B C D Field hockey Soccer Cross-country Swim
What is the main idea of this story? A B C D Things arent always as they seem. Dont ever go far from home. Neighbors are not trustworthy. All dogs are really friendly.
6 2 In the first paragraph, the word broken is used to mean F G H J sprained interrupted spoiled made more attractive
What probably happened next in the story? F G H J Mrs. Darby drove the girls home. The girls walked home with the dogs. Mrs. Lange picked up the girls. Karen decided she would never run again.
Based on the story, we can describe Mrs. Darby as A B C D fearful and suspicious kind and helpful funny and silly angry and forbidding
The main purpose of the first paragraph is to A describe Mrs. Darbys house B let us know that the sisters are both good athletes C introduce the setting and characters of the story D teach a lesson
When Kelly did not want to take Karen to Mrs. Darbys, Karen F G H J agreed happily became frustrated became furious was sad
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Spelling
DIRECTIONS Read each sentence. It is possible that the underlined word will be spelled incorrectly. If you discover a mistake, mark the sentence with the mistake. If you find no mistake, mark No mistake. 5
Bzzz
A You breathe through your nasal passages. B The chickens pecking was an innate behavior. C The word looked strange without a hiphen. D No mistake
A The man reeled in a fish. B The ship was supplementary to the fleet. C The janitor stoked the boiler with coal. D No mistake
F The governors response was wrong. G The sailing race commenced at noon. H Plotting a course was the navigators job. J No mistake
F He felt nothing but contemt for his enemies. G The instructor taught them patiently. H The project was mismanaged from the start. J No mistake
A The picture was croped to fit in the frame. B No one knew the strangers intentions. C The comedians impulsive response was hilarious. D No mistake
3
A Are you learning a forein language? B Enrique hauled the potatoes across the farm. C The storys ending was ironic. D No mistake
F G H J
The artist used acrylic paint. The chess players strategy was brilliant. The shark attack was pherocious. No mistake
F We made chicken in the broyler. G Colds always make my voice hoarse. H The two ropes were bound together with a knot. J No mistake
A The painter made a duplicate of the original painting. B The business bought and sold antiques. C The farmer was worried about the quality of the soyl. D No mistake
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Bzzz
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F The child put together the ridiculous outfit. G The ingredients were blendded together in a bowl. H Everyone was moved by the tenor of the speech. J No mistake
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A The success with the new project was a feather in her cap. B Good murder mysteries are never predictable. C The two haircuts are similiar. D No mistake
16 11 A Risky decisions are often the hardest. B The dedicated police officer was rewarded for his deid. C The town crier spread the kings pronouncement. D No mistake 17
F G H J
He passes time knitting. The young botanist was amazed. She admonished the children. No mistake
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F The orange juice was fresh. G The gardener tremmed the overgrown bushes. H She unpacked her bags as soon as she returned home. J No mistake 18
A She determined the diamonds worth. B The campers slept under a cressent moon C His immunity to the illness kept him healthy. D No mistake
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A The mythical orakle could answer questions about the future. B His jackets distinct pattern made it easy to spot him in the crowd. C The concept was new and creative. D No mistake 19
F The fruit was chopped into pieces. G The courts reversed the earlier decision. H You should always introduce your guests. J No mistake
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F The student ceased the habit of studying at the last minute. G The kitten prayed on the tiny mouse. H A wrench was the only thing that could loosen the bolt. J No mistake
A The crickets nocturnal life made it a difficult pet. B The timid orangutans hid behind the bushes. C The people spoke a vernacuelar of the official language. D No mistake
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Language
DIRECTIONS Read each sentence. There may be a mistake in the underlined portion of the sentence. The mistake may be in punctuation, capitalization, word usage, or a combination of those. If you discover a mistake, mark the answer that best corrects the mistake. If you find no mistake, mark Correct as is. 4 Look out! cried Officer Lopez. F G H J out! cried Officer out! cried officer out! cried officer Correct as is
5 1 The citizens were pleased with the results of their meeting with the President. A B C D meet with the President. meet with the president. meeting with the president. Correct as is 6 2 Having locked his keys somewhere inside the offices Andy asked the janitor to let him in. F inside the offices Andy asked the Janitor G inside the offices, Andy asked the janitor H inside the offices, Andy asked the janitor J Correct as is
The poet is able to write emotional about what everyone feels. A B C D write emotionally write, emotional write emotionally, Correct as is
I want to go next door to play with Carlas new puppy. F G H J plays with Carlas new puppy plays with Carlas new puppy play with Carlas new puppy play with Carlass new puppy
There are many things you need to take to the beach, towels, sunglasses, sunscreen, and a bathing suit. A beach, towels sunglasses sunscreen and a bathing suit B beach: towels, sunglasses, sunscreen, and a bathing suit C beach; towels, sunglasses, sunscreen, and a bathing suit D Correct as is
Less theatergoers attended the production of Romeo and Juliet than the director had planned. A Less theatergoers attended the production of romeo and juliet B Fewer theatergoers attended the production of Romeo and Juliet C Fewer theatergoers attend the production of Romeo and Juliet D Correct as is
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DIRECTIONS Study the sentence in the box for an error in sentence structure. Mark the answer choice showing the best way to rewrite the sentence, or mark Correct as is if the sentence is correct. The musician uses a lot of fast rhythms and syncopated drum beats and she uses bass guitars. F The musician uses a lot of fast rhythms, syncopated drumbeats, and she uses bass guitars. G The musician uses a lot of fast rhythms, syncopated drumbeats, and bass guitars. H The musician uses a lot of fast rhythms and syncopated drum beats and bass guitars. J Correct as is In the ocean was Ivan, through the many choppy waves swimming quickly. A Through the many choppy waves Ivan swam quickly through the ocean. B Ivan swam quickly through the many choppy waves in the ocean. C Swimming quickly through the many choppy waves was Ivan. D Correct as is
DIRECTIONS Read the paragraph and the questions that follow. Mark the best answer for each question.
Paragraph 1
Alexander Graham Bells greatest invention was the telephone. Because Bells grandparents were speech experts and his mother was deaf, he was very aware of the value of sound and hearing. After making the first telephone, Bell went on to research other devices and to share them with the world. At the time of his death on August 2, 1922, all telephone service in the United States was stopped for one minute to honor his memory. Which of these sentences is the best topic sentence for this paragraph? F Alexander Graham Bells other inventions were not as important as the telephone. G Telephone service in the United States has only been stopped for one reason. H Alexander Graham Bell had a tremendous impact on modern communication. J People become most involved in issues that affect them personally.
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Which is the main purpose of this article? A To describe Bell as a person B To help understand Bells other inventions C To learn about Bells wife D To learn about sound and hearing
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Study Skills
DIRECTIONS Read each question and mark the best answer. 4 Which of the following might be found in a thesaurus? F G H J A synonym for the word symposium A famous speech A timeline of historic events Information about the solar system
Below are guide words from a page in a dictionary. period periscope Which of these words would be found on this page? A B C D peripheral periwinkle peril perimeter
In a books index you can find A B C D the books title, author, and publisher the titles of all the chapters keywords and page numbers words and their meanings
Below are guide words from a page in a dictionary. merchandise mercury Which of the following would be found on the page? F G H J mercantile merchant mercy mercenary 6 An anthology includes F G H J photographs of famous people selected works by different authors maps, charts, and graphs descriptions of plants and flowers
Which of the following might be found in an atlas? A An article about recycling in your area B A report of the mayors inaugural speech C A poem by a local poet D A map of your state
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Use this dictionary and pronunciation guide to answer questions 7 through 10.
academic \ a-k -'de-mik\ n 1 : a member ' of an institution of learning 2 : one who is academic in background, outlook, or methods accept \ik-'sept\ vb 1 : to receive willingly 2 : to give admittance or approval to 3 : to endure without protest or reaction 4 : to make a favorable response to Pronunciation Guide map, d te, fther, red, sy, rip, s te, nd, b ne, sch l, n k, under, ab se, trn, rle; = a in about, o in collect, u in suppose.
accessory \ik-'se-s -r \ n 1 : a person not actually or constructively present but contributing as an assistant or investigator to the commission of an offense 2 : a thing of secondary or subordinate importance : ADJUNCT accompany \ -'k mp-n \ vb 1 : to go with as an associate or companion 2 : to perform an accompaniment to or for 3: to cause to be in association
The pronunciation of the letter e in accept most resembles the e in A B C D learn be noise pet
The pronunciation of the letter e in accessory most resembles e in A B C D be them noise idle
Which of the definitions of the word accept best describes its use in the following sentence? The police will accept his explanation because he is highly respected. F G H J 1 2 3 4
10
Which of these is the correct way to hyphenate accompany at the end of a line? F G H J acco-mpany accomp-any acc-ompany accompa-ny
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Language SA
DIRECTIONS Read each passage and the questions that follow. Mark the best answer for each question.
SA
A History of the Telephone

Joses physics class studied how the telephone works. Jose wanted to learn more about telephones on his own. He was so fascinated that he volunteered to write an article on the history and function of telephones for the school newspaper.
Before starting his research, Jose is most likely to A make a few telephone calls to friends B write down what he already knows about telephones C list some rules of common telephone courtesy D sketch pictures of several different types of telephones
What is the best place for Jose to look for a magazine article about telephones? A The Readers Guide to Periodical Literature B An encyclopedia C His English book D A magazine in his house
4 2 To find information about Alexander Graham Bell in a book about the history of the telephone, where should Jose look? F G H J On the copyright page In the introduction In the index In an atlas
Jose wanted to learn when the first transcontinental telephone call took place. What is the best place for Jose to look? F G H J An almanac A newspaper An encyclopedia An atlas
Use the dictionary entry to answer question 5. 5 patent \pat-'nt\ n : a grant made by a government to an inventor assuring the sole right to make, use, and sell the invention for a certain period of time <Latin, patens, to be opened> The word patent is derived from another word that means the same as A B C D Latin to be opened a grant made by a government licensed
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SA
A rough draft of Joses report is below. Use the rough draft to answer questions 6 through 8. The telephone is a device that sends and receives sounds and data. (1) The device works by converting sound and data to electrical signals. (2) These signals can be transmitted along wires for long distances. All (3) (4) of the telephones are connected to switching systems. They determine (5) the pathway that information follows to reach its destination. Although the telephone may be an easy-to-use invention, its (6) history is difficult to trace. Sending signals over wires, many (7) inventors in the late 1800s tried to transmit voices. The telephone (8) is now used worldwide. The first person to use the telephone (9) successfully was an American inventor named Alexander Graham Bell. Bell realized that vibrations could be used to recreate speech. Bell (10) (11) was experimenting with a telegraph, but then a part came loose and began to make an odd sound. When this loosened part was allowed to (12) vibrate, it made a noise.
Which of these is the best way to rewrite sentence 7? F Many inventors in the late 1800s tried to transmit voices by sending signals over wires. G Many inventors in the late 1800s, sending signals over wires, tried to transmit voices. H Sending signals over wires, the many late 1800s inventors tried to transmit voices. J To transmit voices, many inventors in the late 1800s tried, sending signals over wires.
Which of these sentences should be removed from the report? A B C D 6 7 8 12
Which of these sentences from the second paragraph is out of order? F G H J 9 10 11 12
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P r a c t i c e Te s t
Pay attention to the directions and sample questions. Read the questions and answer choices slowly and carefully. Eliminate wrong answer choices first. If you dont know an answer, guess! Dont spend too much time on one question.
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A B C
Reading Vocabulary
5 A person who is obtuse is A B C D 6 cruel obvious insensitive understanding
DIRECTIONS Mark the answer that means the same or almost the same as the underlined word. SAMPLE A person who is eager is A B C D 1 young disinterested enthusiastic thoughtful
Something that is exempt from a rule is F G H J excused from it attached to it covered by it happy about it
An edifice is a A B C D material sight building plant 7
A person who is indigent is A B C D bashful elated angry poor
A person who is liable is F G H J understanding worried hungry responsible
The word ecclesiastical relates to F G H J entertainment religion school fishing
To survey something is to A B C D inspect it kill it want it enjoy it
Denial is most similar to A B C D forgetfulness sadness generosity rejection
To indulge a person is to F G H J lie to him or her move him or her humor him or her ignore him or her
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To trespass is to F G H J cheat frighten transport invade
Stanford 9 Practice Test
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A B C
DIRECTIONS Read the sentence in the box. Mark the answer in which the underlined word is used the same way as in the sentence.
13
The children wore themselves out. In which of the following does wore mean the same thing as in the sentence above? A Carlos quickly wore down the heels of his new shoes. B Julia wore a new dress to the party. C Ling wore a hole in the elbow of his favorite sweater. D Staying up late every night wore me out.
SAMPLE I charge five dollars an hour. In which of the following does charge mean the same thing as in the sentence above? F G H J There was an extra charge on the bill. How much do you charge? Tito opened a charge account. Alice is in charge of the entire group. The singer was happy to treat her audience to another song. In which of the following does treat mean the same thing as in the sentence above? A When we go to the movies, we each have one treat. B Dont treat your sister badly, my mother always told me. C We treat our water with minerals. D If I get good grades, my mom promised to treat me to a day at the zoo. If you stand the sign on a hill, it will look crooked. In which of the following does stand mean the same thing as in the sentence above? F The bald eagle and the flag are symbols that stand for the U.S.A. G Stand the vase in the corner. H The park is mostly flat, except for a stand of trees in the corner. J Defendants always stand when the jury announces the verdict.
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It is fair to say that no one was surprised by the news. In which of the following does fair mean the same thing as in the sentence above?
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F G H J
The weekend weather was fair. She was a fair student until college. Avani didnt think the rule was fair. I think I have a fair chance of winning the race.
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Each new worker is taught how to safely work the machinery. In which of the following does work mean the same thing as in the sentence above? A The poet did his best work in his late forties. B If we work until dusk, we might finish. C He couldnt figure out how to work the new microwave. D The lawyer could always be found hard at work in her office.
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A B C
DIRECTIONS Read each sentence. For each question, mark the answer of the word that means the same, or almost the same, as the underlined word. SAMPLE The meal was cooked with just enough salt to give it a tinge of flavor. What does tinge mean? A B C D Trace Abundance Surge Absence
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Every time a new player joined, the team found itself with a deficient number of uniforms. What does deficient mean? F G H J Abundant Inadequate Minimal Varied
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The players cheating was so overt that the judges asked him to leave the tournament. What does overt mean? A B C D Obvious Sly Cowardly Accidental
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Since he had already packed a candle, matches, and a flashlight, adding a kerosene lamp seemed redundant. What does redundant mean? F G H J Ill-advised Odd Unnecessary Satisfactory
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Painters and sculptors must all have a natural aesthetic sense to succeed. What does aesthetic mean? F G H J Sophisticated Opinionated Artistic Colorful
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Employees and employers must have a reciprocal relationship to work well together. What does reciprocal mean? A B C D Agreeable Helpful Mutual Frustrating
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STOP
DIRECTIONS Read each passage and then read the questions about the passage. Mark the best answer for each question. SAMPLE
Fishing in the Evening

Sergei cast his fishing line over the side of the boat. The moon had risen, but was covered by the clouds. Suddenly the moons light broke through and the entire sky was lit up. Sergei could see for some distance. The fish started to bite. Sergei pulled in the lines and found medium-sized walleye on the hooks. He would soon catch enough fish to cook a feast.
Sergei cast his fishing line to A B C D try to catch fish make room on the boat throw away the fishing line show his frustration
The outline below describes the passage.
I. The moonlight is blocked by clouds
II.
III. Sergei pulls up fishing lines
Which of the following belongs on line II? F G H J The fish started to bite. Sergei casts off a fishing line. He would soon have enough fish. Sergei finds medium-sized walleye.
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Boehm Birds
Edward Marshall Boehm (pronounced beam) was a great American naturalist and porcelain artist. He captured many different types of subjects in porcelain, but he probably is best known for his sculptures of birds. Boehm birds, as they are commonly called, can be found not only in the White House, but also in Englands Buckingham Palace, Russias Hermitage, and Chinas Great Hall. Boehm was born in 1913 in Baltimore, Maryland to a poor family. When he was seven years old, his mother died and his father sent him to live at an orphanage. Perhaps because he had no family, Edward turned his attention to animals. He often spent hours studying and sketching them. To pursue a career in art, however, must have seemed impractical to the boy; at age sixteen he left school and took a job in a local dairy where he worked until he enlisted in World War II. While in the service, he met and married Helen Franzolin, who would later play an instrumental role in Boehms success. After he returned from the war, Boehm took a job as a veterinarys assistant. His love of animals inspired him to create clay sculptures that soon filled the young couples small apartment. Helen Boehm was convinced that her husband possessed an extraordinary talent. With his wifes encouragement and support, Boehm decided to try to recreate his work in porcelain. For nearly ten years, Boehm worked to perfect his sculpting process.
Boehm had little interest in promoting his work, but luckily Mrs. Boehm was as dynamic and dedicated a businesswoman as her husband was an artist. In 1954, she sent a letter and some sketches of her husbands work to Mamie Eisenhower, wife of then-President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Mrs. Boehm suggested to Mrs. Eisenhower that a Boehm piece might make an appropriate gift for the president. The first lady agreed. Boehm porcelain soon became the gift of choice from American presidents to foreign dignitaries and heads of states. Edward Boehm died in 1969, but thanks to the talent and hard work of Mrs. Boehm, the Boehm Studio continues to thrive. Mrs. Boehm now promotes the work of the studio artists who studied under her husband. Boehm pieces remain White House favorites and can be seen in museums throughout the world.
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How did Mamie Eisenhower learn about Mr. Boehm? A President Eisenhower asked for a Boehm sculpture for his birthday. B Mrs. Boehm wrote her a letter. C She had seen Mr. Boehms work in museums. D Mr. Boehm called her on the telephone.
Which of these is an opinion expressed in this story? F For nearly ten years, Boehm worked to perfect his sculpting process. G When he was seven years old, his mother died . . . H Edward Marshall Boehm was a great American naturalist and porcelain artist. J While in the service, he met and married Helen Franzolin . . .
There is enough information to show that Mr. Boehms work gained recognition because F Mr. Boehm came from a wealthy family that helped him start his business G no one had ever made a bird sculpture from porcelain before H Mr. Boehm spent as much energy promoting his sculptures as he did creating them J Mrs. Boehm worked hard to make sure that others were aware of her husbands talent
From the story, we learn that Mrs. Boehm is A B C D resourceful jealous not a good artist very shy
This passage is most likely to be published in a F magazine called Birds of the Southwest G book about decorating a small apartment H bibliography of American craftsmen J book about American artists
The second paragraph mainly provides A B C D biographical information definitions of technical terms descriptions of specific pieces reasons for Mr. Boehms success
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A Game of Cat and Mouse

One morning, as Cymbeline the cat lay sunbathing in her garden, a careless mouse scampered across her outstretched paw. The agile feline quickly scooped up the troublesome intruder. She drew the trembling captive close to her face. Youve interrupted my nap, she meowed. Im afraid I shall have to eat you to make sure that you do not tread on me again. I beseech you, let me live! implored the terrified mouse. If you grant me this favor, I promise that someday I shall return it! Return it? snickered Cymbeline incredulously. You shall allow me to live? I could crush you beneath my paws or between my jaws in an instant, if I chose to. Cymbeline eyed her prisoner, then added, But I dont choose to. You are a brave little rodent, and clever, too clever enough to save yourself. Let us hope you are clever enough to not cross my path again. She released her diminutive hostage. Thank you! called the mouse as he scurried away. But I hope our paths do cross again, so I can return the favor. Impertinent! thought Cymbeline as she resumed her nap. Perhaps I should have eaten him. But she was soon too lost in her dreams to give the matter further consideration. As for the mouse, he took care to remain inconspicuous when Cymbeline occupied the garden, and had all but forgotten the incident himself, until one afternoon when he heard a weak but plaintiff cry coming from deep within the dense bramble hedge that skirted the perimeter of the lawn. Making his way through the underbrush, he found the source. It was Cymbeline! The hapless feline was bound from head to tail in a seemingly endless tangle of yarn. Cymbeline whispered weakly through a small gap in the mesh, I was playing with a ball of yarn in the study. I chased it through the open door and across garden. When I followed the ball under the hedge, I somehow became entangled in the yarn. The more I struggled, the more entwined I became. Fear not! replied the stalwart mouse. With alacrity, he bit through the menacing strands until one by one they fell away, unfettering the grateful cat. Oh mouse, said Cymbeline in a weary but appreciative voice, you did return the favor. You were clever enough and kind enough to save me, just as you promised you would. Now, as for our paths I know, interrupted the mouse, they must never cross again. Oh no, countered Cymbeline, they must never part again! And she and the mouse remained fast friends for the rest of their days.
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This story is probably most accurately categorized as A B C D a fable science fiction a news story a biography
10
At the end of the story, the cat probably feels F G H J embarrassed angry worried grateful
Why didnt the cat eat the mouse? F Because the mouse was too thin to make a good meal G Because the cat was impressed by the mouses courage H Because the mouse tied her up in yarn J Because the mouse scurried away
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What would you do if you were asked to find the moral of this story? A Skim it quickly. B Think about what the cat learned. C Make an outline of the events as they occurred. D Decide who is the more important character in the story.
9
Of the following events in the story, which happens last? A The mouse finds the cat tangled in yarn. B The cat chases the yarn ball into the garden. C The cat releases the mouse. D The mouse makes a promise to the cat.
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In the ninth paragraph, the word mesh refers to F G H J the underbrush a net snare the fence the yarn
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Mini-Course Classes for First-Year Students

100 DECOUPAGEDecoupage is a beautiful, fun, and easy-to-learn decorative technique. Students will use paper scraps, glue, and lacquer to help create a unique keepsake box, which they can keep or even give as a holiday gift! No art prerequisite. (Mon/Wed/Fri, 9:0010:00 A.M.) STAINED GLASSStudents will create an abstract stained glass window using remnant glass, copper tape, and solder. Because use of a soldering iron is required, students must submit a parental permission slip prior to enrollment. Students may obtain slips in the art room before or after school. (Mon/Wed/Fri, 10:0011:00 A.M.) BASIC PHOTOGRAPHYLearn how to find intriguing subjects, select the appropriate film, and even develop your own black and white photographs! Students are encouraged to use their own photographic equipment, but a few school cameras are available. Please see Mr. Sennet as soon as possible if you will need to borrow one of these. (Mon/Wed/Fri, 9:0010:00 A.M.) ADVANCED PHOTOGRAPHYStudents will spend class time taking candid student and staff photos for the yearbook. Students must complete Basic Photography or submit a photographic portfolio to Mr. Sennet for consideration prior to enrollment. (Mon/Wed/Fri, 10:00 A.M.2:00 P.M.) SQUARE DANCINGSquare dancing is terrific fun and terrific exercise! Mrs. Opdyke will use her patented dance-as-you-learn technique to get students moving to the music from the very first day of class. No prior dance training necessary. (MonFri, 10:0011:00 A.M.) BALLETStudents will choreograph and rehearse variations to be performed at the schools talent show at the end of the year. Auditions will be held in the gym one week prior to the beginning of classes. Candidates must demonstrate strong classical technique. See Mrs. Belardo before or after school if you have any questions. (MonFri, 12:002:00 P.M.) COSTUME DESIGNStudents will explore the development of theatrical costume design, as well as design and fabricate costumes for the schools talent show at the end of the year. Students will visit the state museum in order to view its renowned costume exhibit. Parental permission slips are required for the excursion. (MonFri, 12:003:00 P.M.)
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We know from the descriptions that A students may not be allowed to take certain courses B every student is guaranteed a place in the class she or he wants most C only students who take ballet or costume design will participate in the talent show at the end of the year D Basic Photography is the most popular course
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Why do students who do not have a camera but wish to take Basic Photography need to see Mr. Sennet as soon as possible? F Because he can sell them a camera at a discounted price G Because only a few school cameras are available to be borrowed H Because only a few students are allowed to take this course J Because they must submit a portfolio in order to be considered for this course
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Which word best describes the tone of the description for Square Dancing ? F G H J Urgent Apologetic Formal Friendly 17 Signed permission slips for Stained Glass allow students to A B C D go on a trip to the state museum submit portfolios for consideration use a particular tool participate in the talent show at the end of the year
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Below is part of Larrys schedule for his Monday mini-courses.
9:00 A.M. . . . . . . . Decoupage 10:00 A.M. . . . . . . Stained Glass 11:00 A.M. . . . . . . Lunch 12:00 P.M. . . . . . . Ballet
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After the Ballet class auditions, the first thing Mrs. Belardo will probably do is F verify that each student has submitted a permission slip G post a list of those chosen for the class H choreograph the dance for the endof-the-year talent show J send the class for costume fittings for the talent show at the end of the year
If Larry wants to substitute another class for Stained Glass without changing any other item on his schedule, which of the following can he choose? A B C D Basic Photography Advanced Photography Square Dancing Costume Design
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The Plain Folk of Plymouth

When we think of the pilgrims of Plymouth Colony, its likely we imagine them wearing plain, gray clothing with big, square, white collars and cuffs. We picture tall black hats on the men and small white caps on the women. On their feet, we probably picture black shoes with buckles. In schoolbooks and storybooks, weve so often seen the pilgrims depicted this way that youll probably be surprised to learn that this description is not very accurate. Plymouth property inventories do list some dark items of clothing. However, they also list many light and colorful ones. The pilgrims probably favored dark clothing for everyday wear because it was more practical. There is no evidence that the people of Plymouth were forced to wear dark colors by a formal dress code. Practicality also influenced style. Farmers clothing in pilgrim times was much like farmers clothing today. On the farm, men often wore simple shirts with a sort of overall pant. They wore wide-brimmed hats to shield their eyes from the sun, and high boots to keep their feet dry as they walked from field to field. In town, men frequently wore wool suits in the winter and linen suits in the summer, just as they do today. Instead of jackets and pants, however, their suits had jackets and breechesshort pants buttoned at the knee. Because streets were not paved, men wore boots in town as well as on the farm. Perhaps our most inaccurate images are of the clothing of pilgrim women. It may be hard to imagine, but pilgrim women often wore jackets or vests. Some jackets had high collars. Others were cut low to reveal a ruffled shirt underneath. With these, the women wore skirts that were probably hemmed at about ankle-length. Long dresses dragging along the dirty ground would have been impractical. The women did sometimes wear little white caps or bonnets. Far from being plain, however, these were often decorated with lace or other trim. Women also wore wide-brimmed hats similar to those worn by the men. So where did we go so wrong in our ideas of pilgrim dress? Turn-of-the-century American artists depicting the pilgrims mistakenly drew inspiration from the clothing they saw in early Dutch paintings. Later artists, inspired by these popular works, helped perpetuate the error. Now, however inaccurate, these images are so deeply engrained that it is unlikely they will ever be altered.
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According to the passage, why do most people picture the pilgrims wearing only plain gray clothing? A Because our parents told us they wore only plain clothes B Because historians made mistakes when they first read the pilgrims clothing inventories C Because we have often seen artwork showing the pilgrims dressed in plain clothes D Because our teachers did not want us to know what the pilgrims really wore
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In this article, the author hopes to give the reader a feeling of F G H J anger sorrow enlightenment puzzlement
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What type of literary structure does the author use in the paragraph on mens clothing? A B C D Step-by-step instructions Compare and contrast Theory and support for that theory A list of possible solutions to a problem
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What information does the second paragraph provide? F A description of some of the colors that the pilgrims wore and why G An outline of the pilgrims dress code requirements H A description of the particular items worn by women J A list of the clothing worn by men in pilgrim times
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Which paragraph should you read if you are mostly interested in what pilgrim women wore? F G H J The first The second The third The fourth
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The article tells us about all of these items of womens dress except A B C D hats skirts shoes shirts
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Yearbook Information Form

You must complete this form in order to be included in this years school yearbook. Your Name: ________________________ Homeroom Teacher: _____________ Graduation Year: ________
Your Activities:
Indicate which, if any, of the following activities you participated in from January of last school year to January of this school year. (First-year students should ONLY indicate activities in which they participated from September to January of the CURRENT school year.) Please check all that apply:
Sports:
1. Soccer 2. Track 3. Basketball 4. Volleyball 5. Field Hockey 6. Softball 7. Baseball Girls ___ Girls ___ Girls ___ Girls ___ Girls ___ Girls ___ Girls ___ Boys ___ Boys ___ Boys ___ Boys ___ Boys ___ Boys ___ Boys ___ Junior Varsity ___ Junior Varsity ___ Junior Varsity ___ Junior Varsity ___ Junior Varsity ___ Junior Varsity ___ Junior Varsity ___ Varsity ___ Varsity ___ Varsity ___ Varsity ___ Varsity ___ Varsity ___ Varsity ___
Arts:
1. Drama Club ___ 2. Ceramics ___ 3. Modern Dance ___ 4. Band ___ 5. Orchestra ___ 6. Other ___
Clubs:
1. French ___ 2. German ___ 3. Russian ___ 4. History ___ 5. Photo ___ 6. Other ___
Student Government:
Please indicate whether you participated as a volunteer or as an elected official. If you were an elected official, please indicate your titlepresident, vice president, etc.
School Newspaper:
Please indicate whether you participated as a volunteer or as a writing staff member. If you were a writing staff member, please indicate your titleeditor, reporter, etc.:
Your Yearbook Quote (seniors only):

Please be advised that your quote will not be accepted if it is deemed inappropriate by Mrs. Riegel, staff advisor to the yearbook committee. Please limit quote to twenty-five words or fewer:
Your Favorite Memory of This Year:

The yearbook committee will select ten entries from each class for publication.
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If you wanted to include the lyrics from your favorite song in your yearbook entry, where should you include them? A In the space by your name B In the section listing student activities by the word Arts C In the section requesting your favorite memory of the school year D On the lines provided for your yearbook quote
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Your Activities provides special instructions pertaining to F G H J seniors first-year students teachers yearbook quotes
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The form indicates that student quotes may not be published if they are A B C D fewer than twenty-five words long from first-year students not school-related thought inappropriate
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The information provided by the student on this form most resembles F G H J an autobiography a science report a job application a script for a play 30
An anecdote about the French Clubs trip to Paris should be submitted under the section for F G H J clubs school government yearbook quotes favorite memories
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The form does not indicate that there is an organized school activity for students with an interest in A B C D foreign language music acting science
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STOP
Language
DIRECTIONS Read each sentence. There may be a mistake in the underlined portion of the sentence. The mistake might be in punctuation, capitalization, word usage, or a combination of those. If you discover a mistake, mark the answer that best corrects the mistake. If you find no mistake, mark Correct as is. SAMPLE The Washington Monument is a celebrated American treasure. A B C D washington monument Washington monument washington Monument Correct as is 3 He and her felt that the decision was fair to everybody. A B C D Him and her Him and she He and she Correct as is
Four things are necessary for any valid contract offer, agreement, terms, and consideration. F G H J contract, offer agreement, terms contract: offer, agreement, terms contract; offer, agreement, terms Correct as is
By the time Alison finished reading the short story aloud, everyone was laughing, comic stories were their favorites. A B C D laughing comic stories laughing: comic stories laughing; comic stories Correct as is 5 The general recruited less men than he did for his first campaign.
A B C D
The General recruited less men The general recruited fewer men The General recruited fewer men Correct as is
The submarine continued quietly, heading North. F G H J quietly heading North quietly, heading north quietly heading, north Correct as is
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Their cats and dogs, cute as they may be, has not been vaccinated. F dogs cute as they may be has not been G dogs, cute as they may be, is not H dogs, cute as they may be, have not been J Correct as is
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The report contained great news, and principal Jones happily shared it with the school. F G H J news and principal Jones happily news, and principal Jones happy news, and Principal Jones happily Correct as is
The pelican catches the tailwind, slow gliding over the waves. A B C D tailwind, slowly gliding tailwind slow gliding tailwind slowly gliding, Correct as is
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Ten gallons of water was the goldfishs entire universe. A B C D Ten gallons of water, Ten gallons of water Ten gallons of water Correct as is
As part of last weeks training exercise, the army distributed their forces rapidly. F G H J Army distributed their army distributes its army distributed its Correct as is
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The children played gleefully in the park; their laughter warmed their parents. F G H J park and their laughter had warmed park and, their laughter warmed park, and their laughter warming Correct as is
Willie was only five when he started Kindergarten. A B C D he starts Kindergarten. he starts kindergarten. he started kindergarten. Correct as is
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What will we do now? asked Senator Marquez. A B C D now? asked Senator now? asked senator now? asked senator Correct as is
DIRECTIONS Study the sentence in the box for an error in sentence structure. Mark the answer showing the best way to rewrite the sentence, or mark Correct as is if the sentence is correct. SAMPLE At night, was afraid. I thought bears were everywhere.
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Her wallet was filled with french francs and British pounds. F G H J french francs and british pounds. French Francs and British Pounds. French francs and British pounds. Correct as is
F At night, I was afraid because I thought bears were everywhere. G At night, I was afraid, I thought bears were everywhere. H I was afraid at night bears were everywhere. J Correct as is
16 15 Although the chicken is no longer sizzling, the Chef lifts the rack of barbecued chicken using oven mitts. A sizzling, the chef lifts the rack of barbecued chicken B sizzling, the Chef lifts the rack of Barbecued Chicken C sizzling the chef lifts the rack of barbecued chicken D Correct as is
I want to dive first, said the boy, as he hopped onto the diving board and jumped into the pool. F I want to dive first. Said the boy, as he hopped onto the diving board and jumped into the pool. G I want to dive first, said the boy. As he hopped onto the diving board and jumped into the pool. H I want to. Dive first, said the boy, as he hopped onto the diving board and jumped into the pool. J Correct as is
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17
Schonda, even with the more experienced violinists played gracefully. A Even with the more experienced violinists Schonda played gracefully. B Schonda played gracefully even with the more experienced violinists. C Playing gracefully even with the more experienced violinists was Schonda. D Correct as is
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Corn is a popular vegetable, and is a cooking ingredient, and it is also used to make oil and sweeteners. F Corn being a popular vegetable and cooking ingredient, and it is also used to make oil and sweeteners. G Corn, a popular vegetable and cooking ingredient, is also used to make oil and sweeteners. H Corn, it is a popular vegetable and cooking ingredient. It is also used to make oil and sweeteners. J Correct as is
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The new classroom will be equipped with computers, color printers, and fast modems. F The new classroom will be equipped with computers and color printers, and it will have several fast modems. G The new classroom will be equipped with computers, color printers, fast modems. H The new classroom will be equipped with computers, printers that print in color, and there are fast modems. J Correct as is 21
Having roasted two enormous turkeys, Tyrone had made more than enough food. A Tyrone had made more than enough food, having roasted two enormous turkeys. B Tyrone had made more than enough food having roasted enormously, two turkeys. C Having roasted two enormous turkeys, more than enough food Tyrone had made. D Correct as is
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My brother is the teacher who teaches at Dr. King High School. A A teacher, her brother teaches at Dr. King High School. B Teaching at Dr. King High School, her brother is a teacher. C My brother is a teacher at Dr. King High School. D Correct as is 22
Working hard will make an improvement in your grades. F An improvement in your grades, by working hard, will be seen. G In your grades, an improvement will be made by working hard. H In your grades, working hard, an improvement will be made. J Correct as is
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DIRECTIONS Read each paragraph and the questions that follow. Mark the best answer for each question.
SAMPLE Dinosaurs were large reptiles that ruled the Earth for more than one hundred million years. Among them were the largest land animals, such as the planteating Brachiosaurus and the meat-eating Tyrannosaurus rex. All dinosaurs became extinct about sixty-six million years ago. Many other land and sea animals did, too.
Which of the following is the best way to make the last two sentences into one sentence? A All dinosaurs became extinct about sixty-six million years ago, as did many other land and sea animals. B All dinosaurs became extinct about sixty-six million years ago, many other land and sea animals did, too. C All dinosaurs became extinct about sixty-six million years ago, so did many other land and sea animals. D All dinosaurs became extinct about sixty-six million years ago and many other land and sea animals became extinct at that time as well.
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Paragraph 1
If you have ever read a science fiction story, you have enjoyed a genre. It dates back about four thousand years. It was about that time in ancient Babylon that the Gilgamesh Epic first appeared. The epic is about Gilgameshs adventures as he searches for knowledge and immortality. Science fiction stories can be about events that have not yet happened, but must deal with those events in a logical manner.
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Which of the following would go best following the last sentence of the paragraph? A Science fiction books and stories are a genre. B Today, this tradition continues with stories about trips to distant planets, spaceships, and robots. C Lots of readers around the world enjoy both ancient and modern nonfiction. D Events that have not happened yet can include discoveries, invasions, or disasters.
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Which of these is the best way to combine the first two sentences of the paragraph? A If you have ever read a science fiction story, you have enjoyed a genre, dating back about four thousand years. B If you have ever read a science fiction story, you have enjoyed a genre that dates back about four thousand years. C If you have ever read a story of science fiction, you have enjoyed a genre, which dates back about four thousand years. D If you have ever read a science fiction story, you have enjoyed a genre, and one that dates back about four thousand years.
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Which of the following would be the best way to start the last sentence of the paragraph? F G H J Therefore, Basically, However, For example,
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Paragraph 2
As part of their work with the Drama Club, Jose and Lynn spent every weekend for a month working on a script. They edited the plays dialogue, worked with other club members, selected actors, designed a set, including making costumes. They would work together in the drama room until they had to leave to make curfew. Full of excitement and anticipation, Lynn would imagine how wonderful their final production would be.
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Which are the best words to use instead of the underlined portion of the paragraph? F G H J and made and were making then were making but they made
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What is the main purpose of this passage? F G H J To describe Jose and Lynns hard work To explain how a script is made perfect To list the steps to make a play To inform the reader about the Drama Club
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Which of the following would not belong in the paragraph? A Script writing is hard because the script has to be changed many times. B The work of the many drama club students is needed to make even just one show possible. C Most theatergoers like to sit close to the stage and in the middle of the row. D Part of the challenge is making a set and costumes that are right for the script.
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Paragraph 3
Dive Right Club Have you ever dreamed of seeing the wonders at the bottom of the sea? Many have made their dreams come true by joining the Dive Right Club. We offer classes, low-cost rentals, and diving trips. You could be enjoying the undersea world of water and living things. For details, prices, and class schedules, call or just drop by Club Headquarters. We look forward to seeing you at the bottom of the sea!
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Which of the following is the best way to write the underlined portion of the paragraph? A the undersea world of shapes and colors B the undersea world of rocks and sand C the undersea world of plants and animals D Best as is
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What is the best topic sentence for this paragraph? F The seas are filled with sights to see. G The undersea world can be photographed with the right training. H Classes, rentals, and trips are important to divers. J Low-cost diving lessons and trips are available.
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Ten Days to the Stanford 9

Welcome to the final stage in your preparation for the Language Arts portion of the Stanford 9 test. Over the next several days, you will be introduced to a variety of test-taking strategies and tips designed to help you do your best on the SAT-9.
Ten Days to the SAT-9 covers the following six test sections in detail:
Reading Vocabulary Reading Comprehension Spelling Language Study Skills Language SA
Each section tests different skills. The following pages will walk you through the types of questions you will find in each section of the SAT-9. If you take advantage of this study guide and pay attention in class, you will be ready to tackle the SAT-9!
Reading Vocabulary
How to Prepare for Reading Vocabulary
A B C
Reading Vocabulary has three parts:

1. Synonyms. These questions ask you to pick a
word that means the same as the sample word.
Read every book, newspaper, and magazine you can get your hands on. Look up the definitions of all the words you dont know. Always try to carry index cards with you. When you see or hear a word you dont know, write it down and look it up when you get home.
2. Multiple Definitions. These questions ask you

to distinguish between different meanings of the same word.
3. Words in Context. These questions ask you to

determine a words meaning by looking at other words in the sentence.
Write the primary definition of each word you dont know on the back of an index card. Write a sentence using each word under the definition to help you remember. Save your index cards and test yourself with them every so often.
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Reading Vocabulary Part 1: Synonyms

Different Words that Mean the Same Thing
Each question in the Synonyms part of the SAT-9 gives you a phrase with an underlined word and four answer choices. Your goal is to decide which of the answer choices has the same meaning, or close to the same meaning, as the underlined word.
Each Synonyms question will look like this:
Someone who is eager is A young B disinterested C enthusiastic D earnest
A wise man hears one word and understands two. ancient proverb
Here is how to approach this question:
1.
Cover the answer choices so you are not confused by words that are similar to the underlined word. For example, even though the words eager and earnest both begin with ea, they do not mean the same thing. Some wrong answers are included just to confuse you. These answer choices are called distractors. Try to come up with your own definition or synonym for the underlined word. For the above question, you might think: An eager person is someone who is excited. Uncover the answer choices and get rid of the choices that you know are wrong. Look at answer (A). Does the word young mean about the same as excited? No, it doesnt. Eliminate answer (A). Go on to answer (B). Does disinterested mean the same as excited? No, it doesnt. Disinterested and excited are antonyms, or opposites. Eliminate answer (B). Now look at answer (C). Does enthusiastic mean the same as excited? Yes, it does. Keep answer (C). Look at answer (D). In step one, we determined that (D) is probably there to distract you, but we should consider it anyway. Does earnest meant the same thing as excited? Earnest means truthful. Eliminate answer (D). Now you can be sure that answer (C) is correct!
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
Now try a harder one:
A person who is obtuse is A cruel B obvious C insensitive D understanding
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Can you come up with your own definition? Try this:
1. 2.
Cover the answer choices. Ask yourself if the underlined word has any parts that you recognize. In this case, you might recognize the ob- part of the word, which is a prefix that means in the way of. Think about where you have seen the prefix ob- before. You might remember it from the word obstruct. Keep the word obstruct in mind as you choose your answer. Uncover the answer choices. Eliminate the answers that are obviously wrong. First, you can rule out answer (A). The word cruel has nothing in common with obstruct.
3.
4.
When I use a word, Humpty Dumpty said in a rather scornful tone, it means just what I choose it to meanneither more nor less. Lewis Carroll
5.
Look at answer (B). Does obvious have anything in common with obstruct? Watch out! These words begin with the same prefix, but they do not mean the same thing. This answer is a distractor. Get rid of answer (B). Look at answer (C). Does the word insensitive have anything in common with the word obstruct? Yes, it does. An insensitive person is obstructed from understanding people. This is probably the correct answer. However, always read the rest of the answers even if you are certain about a words meaning. Look at answer (D). Does understanding have anything in common with obstruct? No, it does not. Eliminate this answer also. Now you can be sure that answer (C) is correct!
6.
7. 8.
Reading Vocabulary Part 2: Multiple Definitions

Different Meanings of the Same Word
Some words can be used in more than one way. For example:
Winston acts like a baby. The word baby in the sentence above is used as a noun, meaning infant. Winstons mom likes to baby him. The word baby in the sentence above is used as a verb, meaning treat like a baby. Winston still has one of his baby teeth. The word baby in the sentence above is used as an adjective, meaning baby-like.
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Each Multiple Definitions question will look like this:
Sam will charge twenty dollars per hour to do this work. In which of the following does charge mean the same thing as in the sentence above? A There was an extra charge on the bill to cover the tax. B How much will they charge to paint the room? C Tito opened a charge account at the department store. D The cows charge scared the dog.
Helpful Hint
If the sample word is a noun, the answer will be a noun. If the sample is a verb, the correct answer will be a verb. If the sample word is an adjective, the correct answer will be an adjective.
1.
Look at the underlined word in the sample sentence and decide if it is used as a noun, verb, or adjective. Ask yourself these questions:
Is the word an object? If so, it is a noun, meaning cost, or attack. Is the word an action? If so, it is a verb, meaning to bill. Does the word describe? If so, it is an adjective, meaning of credit.
In the above example, the sample sentence uses the word charge as a verb, meaning to bill. Make a mental note of thisit will help you find the correct answer.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Read the sample sentence again. Imagine someone performing the action that the sample sentence describes. Look at each answer choice. Decide if each underlined word is used the same or differently from the word in the sample sentence. Since charge is used as a verb in the sample sentence, the correct answer choice will also use it as a verb. Start with answer (A). In this sentence, charge is used as a noun that refers to the price of something. Since you know that the correct answer must be a verb, you can eliminate answer (A). In answer (B), charge is used as a verb, meaning to ask a price. Does answer (B) use charge in the same way as the sample sentence? Yes, it does. Keep answer (B). Even though you think youve found the correct answer, you should always read the remaining answers just to be sure. Look at answer (C). In this sentence, charge is used as an adjective that describes a type of account. Eliminate answer (C). Now look at answer (D). In this sentence, charge is used as a noun that refers to a threatening move. Eliminate answer (D). Now you can be sure that choice (B) is correct!
6. 7.
8.
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Multiple Definitions Tips

Watch out for distractors! Sometimes there will be an answer choice that is very similar to the sample sentence, but which uses the underlined word as a different part of speech. Heres an example: My teacher can be such a nag about studying. My mom likes to nag about my messy room. The subject matter in both sentences is about the same. However, the first sentence uses the word nag as a noun, while the second sentence uses the word as a verb. Dont be fooled by these tricks! Remember, two words might be the same part of speech and still have different meanings. When choosing your answer choices, watch out for words like this: Ancient Greek structures had many columns. My brother writes several newspaper columns. The word columns is used as a noun in both of the sentences above, but it has a different meaning in each sentence. In the first sentence, the word columns means pillars. In the second sentence, it means articles. Watch out for these tricks! Eliminate as many answer choices as you can. Even getting rid of one or two wrong answers will help improve your chances of picking the right answer. If you still dont know the answer, guess and move on. Dont let yourself get stuck on one question!
Reading Vocabulary Part 3: Words in Context

Words in Context questions ask you to determine the meaning of an underlined word in a sentence by looking at the words around it. Many of these words will seem unfamiliar to you, but dont let that scare you. There will always be a clue in the sentence to help you figure out the meaning of the word. Look for the clues!
For example, you will never see this type of sentence on the test:
The players cheating was overt. What does overt mean? There is no way to tell from looking at this sentence. On the test, there will always be a clue.
Here is what a real Words in Context question will look like:

The players cheating was so overt that the judges asked him to leave the tournament. Now can you tell what overt means? Since the judges asked him to leave the tournament, you can tell that the players cheating was obvious. Every sentence in this section has clues like that. Keep your eyes peeled for them!
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Each Words in Context question will look like this:
Painters and sculptors must all have a natural aesthetic sense to succeed. What does aesthetic mean? A Sophisticated B Opinionated C Artistic D Colorful
All my life Ive looked at words as though I were seeing them for the first time. Ernest Hemingway
1. 2.
Cover the answer choices so they dont confuse you. All of the answer choices seem to fit, but only one of them is correct. Search the sentence for clues to the meaning of the underlined word. From the above question, you know that the word aesthetic refers to painters and sculptors. These are important clues! Based on the clues, try to think of your own word or phrase for the underlined word. In this case, you might think: Good painters and sculptors are very creative. Look at answer (A). Do you think the creative painters and sculptors need to be sophisticated? Sophisticated means worldly. Creative people are not necessarily sophisticated. Eliminate answer (A). Go on to answer (B). Do you think the creative painters and sculptors need to be opinionated? No, its not necessary to be opinionated to be creative. Get rid of answer (B). Look at answer (C). Do you think the creative painters and sculptors need to be artistic? Yes, they do. They are artists, after all. Keep answer (C). Although you think this is the correct answer, remember to read the other answer choices before making your decision! What about answer (D)? Do you see any clues in the sentence that tell you the creative painters and sculptors need to be colorful? No. Eliminate answer (D). Now you can be sure that (C) is the correct answer. If painters and sculptors are creative, they need to have an artistic sense. The phrase painters and sculptors is the clue that leads to this answerbut you have to recognize it!
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
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Tips to Remember for Reading Vocabulary

Try to think of your own definitions before you look at the answer choices. This will help you avoid being tricked by look-alike words that have different meanings. Read all of the answer choices before choosing your answer. Sometimes you will find a better answer if you read on. If you dont know the meaning of a word, try to find parts of the word that you recognize. Sometimes a prefix, root word, or suffix can tell you a lot about a words meaning. Dont become frustrated by difficult questions. An easier question will be coming soon. If you dont come up with answer fairly quickly, move on to the next question. Go back to the difficult questions later if you have time. Read each question carefully. Completing most of the questions and getting them right is always better than finishing all of the questions and getting many of them wrong! Dont finish early. Many students rush even though the test allows enough time to read carefully. Take your time. Be suspicious. Look for clues and be wary of distractors.
Helpful Hint
Some words or phrases automatically make us think of other words. These are called association words. Association words are another kind of distractor. If you had not been careful in the example above, you might have associated colorful with painters and sculptors. Watch out for association words!
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The Reading Comprehension portion of the SAT-9 asks you to read a variety of passages and to answer questions based on what you read. The passages appear roughly in order of reading difficulty. This means that each passage you read will be a little harder than the one before it.
Reading Comprehension has three types of passages:

1. Narrative Passages. These are either
fictional stories or stories based on a historical event.
2. Informational Passages. These types of

passages are like what you read in your textbook. They will tell you about people, places, or things.
How to Prepare for Reading Comprehension
Read, read, read. As with the Reading Vocabulary portion of the test, the best way to prepare is by reading as much as you can.
3. Functional Passages. These are the kinds of

text that you see in real life. They are usually in the form of advertisements, schedules, or flyers.
Put more effort into understanding what you read. Stop to summarize while you are reading. Ask yourself: What is the main idea of this passage? When you see a word you dont know, try to learn its meaning from its context. After youve guessed at the words meaning, look the word up to see if your definition is correct. Write your new word on the front of an index card and write its definition on the back. Study your vocabulary index cards. See if you can look at the words on the fronts of your index cards and tell yourself the correct definition. Then really challenge yourself and do the reverse! The more words you know, the more likely you are to understand what you read.
Helpful Reading Comprehension Terms

Main ideaWhat a passage or paragraph is about ThemeAnother word for main idea. Quite often there is a lesson that can be learned from the theme of a passage. There may be more than one theme in any given story. SummaryA brief statement of the main points covered in a passage SettingThe time period and place where a passage happens Figurative languageA colorful and creative way of writing something that makes it more interesting to read
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Narrative Passages
A Narrative Passage is a type of story. Narrative Passages will always sound like fictional stories, but sometimes they will be based on historical events or people.
Here is what to do when reading a Narrative Passage:
1.
Read the title before reading the story. Sometimes the title will help you focus on the main idea of a story. Remember, however, that sometimes the title is not the best summary of the story. Read the entire passage slowly and carefully. Dont just skim the passage for answers. When you just scan a passage for bits and pieces of information, you will miss very important details! Ask yourself these questions as you read:
2.
3.

4.
What happens in the story? What happens first? What happens last? When do major events happen? Where does the story take place? Who are the characters? How does the story end?
Be sure that you go to the author to get at his meaning, not to find yours. John Ruskin
Think about who is telling the story. Ask yourself:

Who is the narrator? Is the narrator related to the characters? If so, how? What point is the author trying to make by having this person tell the story?
5. 6. 7.
Make a mental note of the main idea of each paragraph. It will help you to locate answers when you need them. If there is print at the bottom of the page about the author and illustrator, ignore it. You will not be questioned on this, so dont waste your time reading it. Think about the passages theme or lesson. What was the author trying to get across to the reader?
Informational Passages
Informational Passages discuss real-life people, places, or things. These passages contain many facts and are very much like the contents of a textbook.
Here is what you should do when reading an Informational Passage:
1.
Read the title. This will tell you the topic of the passage.
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2. 3. 4.
Read the entire passage slowly and carefully. Ask yourself the same questions as you would when reading a narrative passage to make sure that you understand what you have read. Make a mental note of the main idea of each paragraph. Read the topic sentence of a paragraph again if you get stuck. Dont try to memorize every single detail. Youre not a computer! Just try to remember where blocks of facts are located in the passage so you can go back and find them when you need them. As with the narrative passage, ignore the print about the author and illustrator.
5.
Functional Passages
Functional Passages look like writing you see in everyday life, like flyers, advertisements, letters, schedules, and posters. Functional Passages often provide information about things, places, or events.
Here is what you should do when reading a Functional Passage:
1. 2. 3.
Read the title. Read the entire passage carefullydont just scan it, but dont try to memorize it. Ask yourself these questions as you read:

4.
What is the purpose of this passage? Does the passage inform you about something? If so, what? Does the passage try to persuade you to do something? If so, what?
Look twice before you leap. Charlotte Bront
Dont ignore the small print in functional passages. It is often very important, and you might be questioned on it!
Reading Comprehension has four basic types of questions:

Each reading passage is followed by a series of questions. The questions are not in order of appearance in the passage. They are also not in order of difficulty.
1. Stated Information questions. These questions ask you to recall things that
were mentioned in the passage.
2. Drawing Conclusions questions. These questions ask you to form ideas

based on hints from the passage.
3. Passage Analysis questions. These questions ask you to make judgments

based on information from the passage.
4. Reader Approach questions. These questions ask you to recognize specific

qualities of the text itself.
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Helpful Hint
In the Reading Comprehension sections, almost all the wrong answer choices are distractors. This means that most of the wrong answer choices will contain some fact or detail from the passage that is taken out of context just to trick you. Always look back at the passage to check the information and avoid being fooled by distractors!
Stated Information Questions

The Stated Information questions refer to details stated in the passage and are designed to test how well you recall details.
Here are some Stated Information questions from the Practice Test:
How did Mamie Eisenhower learn about Mr. Boehm? Signed permission slips for Stained Glass allow students to The form indicates that student quotes may not be published if they are
Here are some things to consider when faced with Stated Information questions: Even if you think you know the answer, always refer to the passage to double-check the facts. Dont rely on your memory.
Once youve found the answer, repeat it to yourself in your own words. Then look at the answers. The correct answer choice will often be worded a little differently than it appears in the passage. Dont let that confuse you! Sometimes questions will require you to combine two or more pieces of information from different places in the passage. Remember to scan the entire passage for all details that might apply. Keep an eye out for questions that use the words except and not. For example:
All of the following answers are true except which one? Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?
These questions can be confusing, so read them carefully! Remember to eliminate the answers that are obviously wrong first. If you are confused by a question, restate it in your own words to make it clearer.
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Drawing Conclusions Questions

The Drawing Conclusions questions ask you about things that were hinted at in the passage. To choose the correct answers, you will have to look for clues in the passage.
Here are some types of Drawing Conclusions questions from the Practice Test:
Some questions ask you to decide on the main idea of the passage or to pick another good title for the passage. Here are some examples:
?
1. 2. 3.
What is another good title for this passage? What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
Heres how you should answer main idea or title questions:

Look at the entire passage, including the title. Try to think of a word or phrase that describes what each paragraph was mostly about. If a question asks about the entire passage and an answer choice only covers one or two paragraphs, it does not describe the passage as a whole. A too-specific answer choice like this might be listed as a distractor. Eliminate these answer choices. Even the correct answers are not always perfect. Sometimes you just have to pick the answer that is closest to correct.
4.
Some questions will ask you to determine the meaning of a word or phrase in the passage. Here are some examples:
?
1. 2. 3. 4.
In the last sentence, the word ingrained most nearly means In the second paragraph, what does pursue mean?
Heres how you should answer questions that ask you to determine the meaning of a word or phrase:
Find the word or phrase where it appears in the passage. Reread a few lines above and a few lines below the word or phrase to understand the context. Look for clues in the surrounding text that will help you decide what the word means. Rememberthere will always be a clue! Eliminate the answers that you know are wrong, and pick the best answer from what is left.
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Here are some things to consider when faced with Drawing Conclusions questions:
For some of these questions, none of the answer choices will seem to answer the question really well! Just eliminate the worst answers and choose from what is left. You will sometimes be asked questions about an advertisement, a flyer, or a schedule. For these questions, you may have to look for clues in more than one place and combine the information to come up with the answer. Some questions ask you to draw conclusions about a characters personality in the passage. For these questions, you may have to do a little thinking on your own. The answer is not always stated, but it is always supported by evidence from the passage.
Passage Analysis Questions

These questions require you to make judgments based on information in the passage. For the most part, you will have to turn what you have read into some sort of general statement to answer these questions.
Some different types of Passage Analysis questions are described below: Most often, you will be asked to draw a general conclusion based on what you have read in the passage. For example:
?
There is enough information in the passage to show that
Several general statements will follow as answer choices. Eliminate the wrong answers first. With passage analysis questions, eliminating wrong answers is very important!
You will be asked questions that test your ability to tell the difference between facts and opinions. For example:
Which of these is an opinion in the passage?
For these questions, remember that an opinion is based on someones thoughts or feelings and a fact is a piece of information that is true regardless of anyones thoughts or feelings.
Helpful Hint
In fact and opinion questions, the correct answer will always be in the story. Dont be fooled by facts and opinions that you recognize but that are not included in the story.
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A few questions will ask you about the authors purpose for writing the story. For example:
What is the authors purpose for writing this passage?
Think about the passage as a whole and ask yourself: Is it intended to persuade the reader? Does it give a lot of information about a subject? Does it explain a historical event? Look at the answer choices and find the one that is closest to your own.
Reader Approach Questions

Reader Approach questions ask you recognize specific qualities regarding the text itself. These questions can be a little tricky because you will not find the answers in the passage.
Some Reader Approach questions ask where you should look to learn more about the subject of the passage.
Heres an example from the Practice Test:
What would you do if you were asked to find the moral of this story? A Skim it quickly. B Think about what the cat learned C Make an outline of the events as they occurred. D Decide who is the more important character in the story.
Helpful Hint
The moral of a story is the lesson that it gets across through the characters and the plot. Most often, the moral of a story will not be stated directly.
Here is how you should approach this question:
1. 2. 3.
Cover the answer choices so they do not confuse you.

Decide what you would do to learn the moral of a story. Uncover the answer choices and look at (A). Would you skim a story to find its moral? Skimming is when you read a passage quickly to get the main points. You would probably have to read a passage carefully to find its moral. Eliminate answer (A). Look at answer (B). Would you think about what a character learned to find the moral of the story? What someone learns is a lesson, and a lesson is a moral. This is probably the correct answer. Look at answer (C). Would you make an outline to find a storys moral? An outline is a diagram of the plot of a story. Would a storys plot help you find its moral? Maybe, but probably not. Look at answer (D). Would you decide who was the most important character in a story to find its moral? Definitely not. You can be pretty sure that answer (B) is correct!
4.
5.
6. 7.
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Some Reader Approach questions involve interpreting graphic organizers, like flow charts, outlines, schedules, or word clusters. These graphics will organize some information from the passage into a visual form. Many graphic organizer questions will leave out one piece of information and ask you to fill it in. Others, like the example below, ask you to read a block of information and answer a question based on it.
Here is an example of a graphic organizer question from the Practice Test:
If Larry wants to substitute another class for Stained Glass without changing any other item on his schedule, which of the following can he choose? 9:00 A.M. . . . . . . . Decoupage 10:00 A.M. . . . . . . Stained Glass 11:00 A.M. . . . . . . Lunch 12:00 P.M. . . . . . . Ballet A B C D Basic Photography Advanced Photography Square Dancing Costume Design
For these questions, you must decide which of the answer choices goes in the blank spaceeven if the graphic is a flow chart, word cluster, or schedule. Always remember to refer to the passage to find your answer!
Tips to Remember for Reading Comprehension

Read each question and answer choice slowly and carefully. Careless reading will result in mistakes! Refer to the passage for information you need. Do not rely on your memory! Once youve found the information, repeat it to yourself in your own words. Then look at the answers. Eliminate answer choices that are obviously wrong. This will increase your chances of choosing the correct answer. Keep in mind that sometimes the best answer choice is the one that is closest to correct. If you dont know the answer to a question, guess and move on. Difficult questions are usually sandwiched between easier questions.
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Spelling
Bzzz
The goal of the SAT-9 Spelling Test is to assess your spelling skills based on what you have learned about the phonetic and structural principles of words. The misspelled words on this test reflect the most common spelling errors for ninth-grade students.
There are five types of spelling mistakes on the Spelling test:

1. Homophone mistakes. These questions
test your ability to distinguish between words that sound the same but are spelled differently and have different meanings.
All the Spelling questions look the same. They look like this one:
A I saw an advertisement for your store in the newspaper. B This chair blocking the door is a hindrance to my quick exit. C We asked the jeweler for an evaluatetion of the diamonds worth. D No mistake
2. Vowel sound mistakes. These questions

test your knowledge of proper vowel usage.
3. Consonant sound mistakes. These

questions test your knowledge of proper consonant usage.
4. Ending mistakes. These questions test

your ability to spell words with endings such as -ed, -ly, and -ing.
In this question, evaluatetion should be spelled evaluation, so the correct answer choice is (C).
5. Prefix or Suffix mistakes. These

questions test your ability to spell words with prefixes or suffixes.
How to Prepare for the Spelling Test

Read, read, read! Every time you see the correct spelling of a word, you are more likely to recognize when it is misspelled.
Look up every word you misspell or arent sure about. Make your own Common Mistakes list. Pay attention! Some people are great spellers naturally and some are not. But even people who arent great spellers can improve if they make it a priority. Check yourself. Every time you write something, go back and check your spelling.
Helpful Hint
There is never more than one spelling error in each question. Sometimes, though, all of the underlined words are spelled correctly. Look closely at each word. If you cant find a mistake, choose No mistake.
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What is a Homophone?
Homophones are words that are pronounced alike but have different meanings and spellings. For example, the words to, too, and two are homophones. Since each underlined word is part of a sentence, the test will always give you a clue to help you find the incorrectly used homophone. Look at this sentence, for example: The eggs were on sail. The word sail is a real word, but if you read the sentence, youll notice that the word is used incorrectly. The word that should be used in this sentence is sale. The two wordssail and saleare homophones. They sound the same but mean different things.
Here is an example of a homophone question:
A Who runs faster, the tortoise or the hare? B We went on a slay ride in the freshly fallen snow. C The lawn was covered with morning dew. D No mistake
1.
Look at answer (A). Is the underlined word used correctly? Yes, it is. You may have noticed that the word hare is a homophonethe words hare and hair sound the same but mean different things. In this case, however, hare is used properly. This homophone was included to trick you. Eliminate answer (A), and watch out for correctly used homophones! Now look at answer (B). Is the underlined word used correctly? No, it is not. In this sentence, the word slay, which means to kill, is used in the wrong context. Your clue, freshly fallen snow, should have told you that the right word for this sentence is sleigh. A sleigh is used to transport people over snow; slay is what medieval knights did to unfortunate dragons. Keep answer (B). Even though you think you have found the correct answer, always read all of the answer choices. Is the underlined word used correctly in answer (C)? Yes, it is. Eliminate answer (C). Since you have found a sentence that contains a mistake, you can eliminate answer (D). Now you can be sure that answer (B) is correct.
2.
3. 4.
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Vowel Sounds
It is important to know when vowels have long sounds and when they have short sounds. Here are some examples of long vowel sounds and short vowel sounds:
Long a in aviator Short a in apple Long e in elope Short e in elephant Long i in island Short i in install Long o in over Short o in onto Long u in unite Short u in until
Some combinations of vowels make different sounds than you might expect. Here are some examples of words with unusual vowel combinations: aerobic \ r bik\ a o' aesthetic \es thet' ik\ bivouac \biv' ak'\ maneuver \m n 'v r\ It is also important to remember that sometimes vowels make no sounds at all. For example: cake \k k\ tirade \t r d'\
Here is an example of a vowel sound question:
A That man is the chief of police. B She did a comparativ study on their similarities. C The team came in fourth place at the competition. D No mistake
1. 2.
Look at answer (A). Is chief spelled correctly? Yes, it is. Eliminate answer (A). Look at answer (B). Is comparativ spelled correctly? No! Correctly spelled, the word should be comparative. Watch out for words with a silent ethey can be tricky! Keep answer (B). Look at answer (C). Is fourth spelled correctly? Yes, it is. Eliminate answer (C). Since you already know that there is an error in one of the sentences, you can get rid of answer (D). Now you can be sure that answer (B) is the correct choice.
3. 4.
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Consonant Sounds
Some consonant sounds change depending on the word in which they appear. Here are some examples of words containing hard and soft consonant sounds:
Hard c in cracker Soft c in financial Hard g in glance Soft g in giraffe Hard sc in score Soft sc in scientist
Sometimes a combination of consonants can make three different sounds. For example: chagrin \sh grin'\ chaos \ka' os\ cheap \ch p\ Sometimes adding a suffix will change the way a consonant sounds. electric \i lek' trik\ electrician \i lek' trish' n\ music \m zik\ u' musician \m zish' n\ u It is also important to remember that sometimes consonants can be silent. Here are some examples of words containing silent consonants: doubt \dout\ knowledge \nol' ij\ pneumonia \n m n' y \
Here is an example of a consonant sound question:

A His overseas training has given him training in foreign affairs. B A daily workout is an important discipline for an athlete. C The stories of your adventures are fasinating. D No mistake
1.
Look at answer (A). Is foreign spelled correctly? Yes, it is. This is a tricky word because of the silent g and the exception to the i before e rule. However, this word is spelled correctly. Get rid of answer (A). Now look at answer (B). Is discipline spelled correctly? Yes, it is. The word might look a little strange because the c is not pronounced, but this is the correct spelling. Eliminate answer (B).
2.
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3. 4.
Look at answer (C). Is fasinating spelled correctly? No, it isnt! Like discipline in sentence (B), fascinating has a c that is not pronounced. Keep answer (C). Since you have found a mistake, you can eliminate answer (D). Now you can be sure that (C) is the correct answer.
Endings
Many common spelling errors are due to improperly added word endings. There are quite a few questions that test your knowledge of word endings on the SAT-9. Look at these Endings rules. If you dont understand any of the examples, ask your teacher for help.
Drop the e when the word ends in e and you add -ing, -ion, -ive
hope hoping impulse impulsive make making repulse repulsion
Dont drop the e when you add -d, -ty

safe safety tolerate tolerated
When you add -ly, -ment, or -able, some words drop the e and some do not.
achieve achievement argue argument desire desirable dispense dispensable extreme extremely forcible forcibly judge judgment notice noticeable peace peaceable whole wholly
When a word ends in a consonant, dont add another consonant before -ance, -ation, -ed, -ious, -ity, -ize, -ly, -ment, -ous
acquaint acquaintance enchant enchantment humid humidity interpret interpretation linger lingered rigid rigidity spontaneous spontaneously synonym synonymous uproar uproarious vapor vaporize
Exceptions to the double consonant rule: when you add -ed, or -ing, double the consonant if the word ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel. This also applies to two-syllable words when the accent is on the second syllable.
permit permitted refer referred run running swim swimming
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Drop the last consonant when you add -cy

constituent constituency hesitant hesitancy
Change y to i when you add -cal, -cation, -hood, -ly, -ness, -ous, or make plural
fallacy fallacious happy happily holy holiness likely likelihood lonely loneliness ordinary ordinarily responsibility responsibilities strawberry strawberries tyranny tyrannical vilify vilification
Pluralizing: Ending words in es vs. s

athletic athletics calf calves committee committees potato potatoes
Try this one on your own.
A My counselor is providing me with career guidence. B The downtown development project has really improved the area. C Despite our daily correspondence, the letters were not enough. D No mistake
Prefix or Suffix
Spelling words that contain a prefix or suffix can be a little confusing. There will be some questions that test your ability to spell prefix and suffix words on the SAT-9. The following lists show the correct spellings of words that are often misspelled.
Some commonly misspelled words with prefixes:

dis- dissatisfied exinexcommunicate indispensable im- impossible mis- misspelled pre- prejudge un- undoubtedly
Some commonly misspelled words with suffixes:

-able -ary -ible -ous desirable boundary irresistible mischievous
-ance insurance -ence intelligence
-tion explanation
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Here is an example of a suffix question:
A I ordinaryly wake up at six oclock, but today I woke up at seven. B He camouflaged the tent so that we could not see it. C The effects of the tornado were disastrous. D No mistake
Helpful Hint
Did you know that the word misspelled is often misspelled? Many people dont realize that there is a double s.
1. 2.
Look at answer (A). Is ordinaryly spelled correctly? No, it isnt! When adding -ly to a word that ends in y, you must first change the y to an i. Keep answer (A). Even though you think youve found the correct answer, you should always read the other answers just to be sure. Look at answer (B). Is the word camouflaged spelled correctly? Yes, it is. Get rid of answer (B). Now look at answer (C). Is the word disastrous spelled correctly? Yes, it is. Eliminate answer (C). Since you already know that one of the answers contains a mistake you can eliminate answer (D). Now you can be sure that (A) is the correct answer.
3. 4.
No Mistake
It is important to keep in mind that sometimes all three of the underlined words will be spelled correctly. When you find one of these questions, you should choose the No mistake option. These questions often try to trick you by including words that look strange, but are spelled correctly. For example:
biscuit cantaloupe chagrined
February idiosyncrasy jewelry
lieutenant nuisance soliloquy
vacuum villain Wednesday
Can you answer this one on your own?
A The flowers in the garden produce a very pleasant odor. B It is not only the end of the century, but also the end of the millennium. C Nowadays people are in a big hurry. D No mistake
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Common Spelling Erors Errors

Switching i and e. For example: It is my cheif responsibility. It is my chief responsibility. It was just the right hieght. It was just the right height. Dropping or adding a double letter. For example: This space is ocupied. This space is occupied. The seal had been tamperred with. The seal had been tampered with. Dropping a silent letter. For example: Turn off the liht. Turn off the light. Confusing vowels. For example: We ran out of solvant. We ran out of solvent. The new version is modefied. The new version is modified. My grandpa was a blacksmyth. My grandpa was a blacksmith. Confusing consonants. For example: His reaction was inmature. His reaction was immature.
Tips to Remember for Spelling

Remember, sometimes all the underlined words in a question are spelled correctly. If you dont see an error, remember to choose No mistake. Read all the underlined words before choosing an answer. If you are running short on time, read only the underlined words and ignore the sentences. Do this only if you are very short on time, because it will be difficult to spot Sound Error mistakes without reading the complete sentences. If you arent sure about a word, compare it to a similar word. For example, if the underlined word is hideing, think about gliding, chiding, or siding. These similar words are spelled correctly and do not include the e.
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Language
How to Prepare for Language

Read, read, read! Rememberthe more you read, the more you learn! Pay attention to punctuation. Notice how commas, colons, and semicolons are used, and practice using them properly in your own writing. When you read, pay attention to how things are worded. Notice how colorful wording adds excitement to what you read. Use a thesaurus to help you choose colorful words. Practice using colorful language when you write and avoid using the same words repeatedly. Have someone you trust read your writing and help you make it clearer. Ask them to look for mistakes in organization, unnecessary information, run-on sentences, and sentence fragments.
Language has three parts:

1. Mechanics. These questions measure
your ability to recognize and correct mistakes in capitalization, punctuation, and word usage.
2. Sentence Structure and Clarity. In this

section, you are expected to recognize and correct awkward wording and incomplete sentences.
3. Style, Content, and Organization. This

section tests your ability to combine sentences, use colorful language, add important information, and eliminate unnecessary information.
Language Part 1: Mechanics

Each Mechanics question includes a sentence in which several words are underlined. Your job is to decide whether the underlined words contain a mistake in word usage, punctuation, or capitalization. If there is a mistake, choose the answer choice that shows the correct way of writing the underlined words. Keep in mind that sometimes the underlined portion is correct the way it is.
Each Mechanics question will look like this:

The report contained great news, and principal Jones happily shared it with the school. A news and principal Jones happily B news, and Principal Jones happy C news, and Principal Jones happily D Correct as is
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1. 2.
Cover the answer choices so they do not confuse you. Read the sentence and decide what the error is. Remember, there is either one error or no error in the sentence. In the above sentence, you might have noticed that the words principal Jones looked strange to you. Why? The word principal is a title that precedes a persons name, so it should be capitalized. Think about how you would correct the mistake. Now look at the rest of the answer choices. Eliminate choices that repeat the error. Answer choice (A) repeats the capitalization error and deletes a necessary comma. Eliminate answer (A). Now look at answer (B). This answer choice does not correct the capitalization error and introduces a new error in grammar. The phrase news, and Principle Jones happy wrongly uses the word happy, which is an adjective, where the word happily should appear. Happily is an adverb which modifies the verb shared in the sentence. Now you have one answer left. news, and Principal Jones happily corrects the capitalization error and does not introduce any other errors. The correct answer is (C).
3. 4.
5.
6.
Capitalization Tips
Capitalize proper nouns such as names of people, places, nationalities, and languages.
For example:
T.S. Eliot, Mount Rainier, Algeria, Irish
Capitalize place words that are part of names.
For example:
Main Street, Carson City, Kettle Moraine State Park, Lake Okeechobee
Capitalize the first letter of a quote within a sentence.
For example:
Greta looked at Lisa and said, Are you really going to wear that?
Capitalize titles when they come before a persons name.
For example:
President Woodrow Wilson, Governor Storch, Aunt Edna
Capitalize days, months, and holidays.
For example:
Monday, February, Groundhog Day
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Heres another example.
Four things are necessary for any valid contract offer, agreement, terms, and consideration. A contract, offer agreement, terms, B contract: offer, agreement, terms, C contract; offer, agreement, terms, D Correct as is
Here is how to you should approach this question:
1. 2.
Cover your answer choices. Read the sentence and decide what the error is. In the above sentence, you may notice an error in punctuation. The phrase contract offer, agreement, terms, is difficult to understand, because it contains a lists of items that is not preceded by a colon. Think about how you would correct the mistake, then look at answer (A). This sentence improperly uses a comma instead of a colon to set off the list, and omits a necessary comma. Eliminate answer (A). Look at answer (B). Replace the underlined words in the sample sentence with answer (B). Does the phrase contract: offer, agreement, terms, use the proper punctuation? Yes, it does. A colon is used to separate an independent clause from a list in a sentence. Keep answer (B). Even though you think you know the answer, you should always read all of the answer choices just to be sure. Look at answer (C). This answer improperly uses a semicolon in place of a colon to set off the list. A semicolon should be used to separate two independent clauses. Get rid of answer (C). Now you can be sure that choice (B) is the correct answer.
3.
4.
5.
Mechanics Tips
The subject and verb must always agree in the sentence. If the subject is singular, the verb should also be singular. By the same token, if the subject is plural, the verb should also be plural.
For example:
I am scratching. (singular) They are scratching. (plural) He is scratching. (singular)
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Watch out for indefinite pronouns! Make sure they agree with the verb. For example: All of us are eating pie. The word all is a plural because it refers to several people. This means the helping verb are must also be plural. Lets look at another one: All of the jelly is oozing out of my doughnut. In this case, the word all is singular because it refers to one part of the doughnut. This means that the helping verb is must also be singular.
Never use two negative words in one sentence. Heres an example of a double negative: She isnt paying no attention. Properly written, the sentence should read: She isnt paying any attention.
Remember that its only has an apostrophe when it is a contraction for it is. The apostrophe replaces the missing letter i. For example: Its going to snow on Monday. The cat played with its toy.
Remember that possessive pronouns never have apostrophes. For example: The bologna sandwich is hers. The word hers is incorrect because it actually means her is. Properly written, the sentence should read: The bologna sandwich is hers.
Always make sure that pronouns are written in the correct case. For example: She threw the ball at me. (subject case) I threw the ball at her. (object case)
Is the ball hers? (possessive case) If there is more than one subject in the sentence, it might be harder for you to decide which pronoun case to use. Heres an example of a pronoun written in the wrong case: Becky and him fixed the tire. A good way to tell whether something is written in the proper case is to separate the two subjects into their own sentences like this: Becky fixed the tire. Him fixed the tire. As youve probably noticed, the word him is the wrong case to use. Heres how you would correct it: He fixed the tire.
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Now you can put it all together: Becky and he fixed the tire.
Watch out for words that may be confusing.
Here are some examples:

Sit and Set Sit means to be seated, as in to sit down. Set means to place an object somewhere, as in Set it on the table. There, Their, and Theyre There refers to the location of something, as in Its over there. Their is a pronoun that shows possession, as in Its their house. Theyre means they are, as in Theyre coming home soon. The apostrophe replaces the missing letter a. Lay and Lie Lay is only used when referring to an object, as in Lay that pencil over there. Lie is a verb that does not directly refer to an object, as in I need to lie down. To, Too, and Two To is a preposition, as in to the store. Too means also or very, as in Id like some gravy, too or I ate too much. Two means the number 2.
What will we do now? asked Senator Marquez. A now? asked Senator B now? asked senator C now? asked senator D Correct as is
Heres a Hint When a quotation

asks a question, the question mark must always come before the closing quotation mark. Always capitalize a title that precedes a persons name.
Punctuation Tips
Use commas to
Set off subordinate clauses when they begin a sentence. Subordinate clauses begin with a subordinating conjunction and contain a subject and a verb. They are followed by a comma and a main clause. For example: Although the meal was delicious, I could not finish it. In the sentence above, the word although is a subordinating conjunction. Some other subordinating conjunctions are after, as, because, before, since, until, and whatever.
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Separate items in a series. For example: She wants a doll, a bike, and a basketball for her birthday. Set off words that explain a preceding noun if the explanation is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. For example: My mother, a nurse, always insists that I wash the germs off my hands before I eat. Use apostrophes to show possession. For example: This is Erics shirt. Use quotation marks to set off dialogue. For example: Jose said, I didnt mean to break your window. Use a colon before a list. For example: We have the option to study four different foreign languages: French, Spanish, German, and Italian. Use a semicolon to separate two independent clauses. (A clause is independent if it is a complete sentence.) For example: Doug liked to read books; he could read a whole book in a single afternoon.
Language Part 2: Sentence Structure and Clarity

Sentence Structure and Clarity questions test your ability to construct sentences that are grammatically correct, easy to understand, and not redundant. Your goal is to determine if the sentence contains a mistake and, if so, decide how to fix it. Keep in mind that sometimes the sample sentence is correct the way it is.
Each question in this section will look like this:
At night, I was afraid. Because I thought bears were everywhere. A At night, I was afraid because I thought bears were everywhere. B At night, I was afraid, I thought bears were everywhere. C I was afraid at night bears were everywhere. D Correct as is
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1. 2.
Cover the answer choices. Read the sentence and decide what the error is. Remember that there is either one error or no error in the sentence. In the sample above, you may notice that the second sentence is actually a fragment. Think about how you would correct the mistake. Now read the answer choices. Answer choice (A) combines the first sentence and the fragment into one coherent sentence. There appear to be no mistakes in this sentence, so keep answer (A). Remember that even though you think this sentence is correct, you should always read all of the answer choices. Look at answer choice (B). This answer choice wrongly combines the first sentence and the fragment by replacing the period with a comma and deleting the word because. This error creates an awkward, run-on sentence. Get rid of answer (B). Answer choice (C), is also awkwardly worded. Eliminate answer (C). Now you can be sure that choice (A) is the correct answer.
3. 4.
5.
6.
Lets try another question.
Corn is a popular vegetable, and is a cooking ingredient, and it is also used to make oil and sweeteners. A Corn being a popular vegetable and cooking ingredient, and it is also used to make oil and sweeteners. B Corn, a popular vegetable and cooking ingredient, is also used to make oil and sweeteners. C Corn, it is a popular vegetable and cooking ingredient. It is also used to make oil and sweeteners. D Correct as is
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1. 2. 3. 4.
Cover the answer choices. Read the sentence and decide what the error is. Remember that there is either one error or no error in the sentence. In this case, you may notice that the sample sentence is is a run-on. Think about how you would correct the mistake. Now look at the answer choices and eliminate the answers that repeat the mistake. You probably had a hard time understanding answer choice (A) because it is also awkwardly worded. Eliminate answer choice (A). Go on to answer choice (B). Is the sentence written clearly? Yes, it is. However, even though you think answer (B) is the correct choice, you should read the other answers just to be sure. Read answer choice (C). This answer divides the sample sentence into two short, poorlyworded sentences. Although run-ons can sometimes be corrected by dividing one long sentence into two shorter sentences, answer (C) is not the way to do it. Get rid of answer (C). Now you can be sure that answer (B) is the best choice.
5.
6.
Heres a Hint When a word or phrase

in a sentence is placed too far away from the word it modifies, it is called a misplaced modifier. The sentence will make sense if the misplaced modifier is moved.
?
Caesar fell off his bike when the front tire hit a pothole, trying to ride without using his hands. A When the front tire hit a pothole, trying to ride without using his hands, Caesar fell off his bike. B Trying to ride without using his hands when the front tire hit a pothole, Caesar fell off his bike. C Trying to ride without using his hands, Caesar fell off his bike when the front tire hit a pothole. D Correct as is
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This one is tricky. Give it a try.
Heres a Hint error that is very
There is one type of difficult to catch because it is a language problem, not a grammar problem. Can you see a problem in this example?
My brother is a teacher who teaches at Dr. King High School. A A teacher, my brother teaches at Dr. King High School. B Teaching at Dr. King High School, my brother is a teacher. C My brother is a teacher at Dr. King High School. D Correct as is
Sentence Structure and Clarity Tips
Avoid run-on sentences. Sometimes a long thought can be stated more clearly when you add a period, a comma and conjunction, or a semicolon. Here is an example of a run-on sentence: My baby brother embarrasses me he screams and cries when things dont go his way. Did you notice how hard that sentence was to understand? Here is how you would fix it with a period: My baby brother embarrasses me. He screams and cries when things dont go his way. Here is how you would fix it with a comma and conjunction: My baby brother embarrasses me, and he screams and cries when things dont go his way.
Here is how you would fix it with a semicolon: My baby brother embarrasses me; he screams and cries when things dont go his way.

Use a period, a comma and conjunction, or a semicolon to fix this one:
My mom wont let me have a dog she thinks I wont take care of it.
Avoid comma splices. Here is an example of a comma splice: In the basement, I discovered the missing piece, it was needed to the complete the puzzle.
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Here is how you would correct it: In the basement, I discovered the missing piece that was needed to complete the puzzle. Watch out for fragmented sentences that dont form a complete thought. Sometimes two incomplete thoughts can be combined to make one complete sentence. Make sure that all sentences have parallel structure, which means that in any series, all verbs are in the same form. Remember that repetitive wording adds unnecessary clutter to a sentence. Always think about how you could reword a sentence to improve its clarity. Try saying it in your head. Your spoken language can help you hear awkward sentences.
Language Part 3: Style, Content, and Organization

Style, Content, and Organization questions test your ability to combine sentences as well as recognize essential information and unnecessary information, and use colorful language. In this section, you will be asked to read a short paragraph and answer questions about its style, content, and organization.
Read the paragraph below, and answer the questions that follow:
Paragraph 1
As part of their work with the Drama Club, Jose and Lynn spent every weekend for a month working on a script. They edited the plays dialogue, worked with other club members, selected actors, designed a set, including making costumes. They would work together in the drama room until they had to leave to make curfew. Full of excitement and anticipation, Lynn would imagine how wonderful their final production would be.
Which of these is the best phrase to use instead of the underlined portion of the paragraph? F and made G and were making H then were making J but they made
1. 2.
Skim the paragraph quickly. Read the first question. Every question will ask you to change or add to the paragraph. The above question asks you to find a better way to state the underlined words in the paragraph. You may notice that the underlined wording is awkward. The words including making costumes are supposed to refer to designed a set, but making costumes has nothing to do with the actual set design.
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3.
Before you look at the answer choices, think about how you would improve the underlined phrase.
4.
Now read answer (F). Does it make sense? Yes it does. This sentence corrects the wording error by treating the phrases designed a set and made costumes as two separate actions. Even though you think this might be the correct answer, make sure you read the other answer choices. You may find a better answer if you read on.
Style and structure are the essence of a book; great ideas are hogwash. Vladimir Nabokov
5. 6.
Answer (G) unnecessarily shifts the sentence from the simple past to the past progressive verb form. Get rid of answer (G). Now read answer (H). This answer is awkward and also shifts the last verb to past progressive form. All verbs should be in the same form to have parallel structure. Eliminate answer (H). Answer (J) is confusing because it uses an inappropriate conjunction. What does the word but refer to? It isnt clear. Eliminate answer (J). Because answer (F) is the most clearly written answer choice, it is the correct answer.
7. 8.
Lets try the next question.
Which of the following would not belong in the paragraph? A Script writing is hard because the script has to be changed many times. B The work of many drama club students is needed to make even just one show possible. C Most theatergoers like to sit close to the stage and in the middle of the row. D Part of the challenge is making a set and costumes that are right for the script.
1.
Read the question and skim the paragraph again. This question asks you to choose a sentence that does not belong in the paragraph. Be especially careful on questions that contain the words except and not. These questions can be tricky! Read answer choice (A). Does this sentence fit into the paragraph? Yes, it does. Eliminate answer choice (A). Answer choice (B) could also be added to this paragraph. Eliminate answer (B). Now read answer (C). Rememberyour correct answer will be the sentence that does not fit into the paragraph. This sentence does not fit in, because the entire paragraph focuses on the work of the Drama Club, and not on the audience. Keep answer (C).
2. 3. 4.
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5. 6.
Even though you think youve found the correct answer, you should read answer (D) just to be sure. Does answer (D) fit into the paragraph? Yes, it does. Get rid of answer (D). Now you can be sure that (C) is the correct answer.
Syle, Content, and Organization Tips
Use transitions to make your sentences flow smoothly. Transitions are words that show relationships between sentences. Read the following example: Marlene loves horses. She does not know how to ride them. The above sentences read better when they flow into each other like this: Marlene loves horses. However, she does not know how to ride them. Some other transition words are although, except, meanwhile, and therefore.
You can also combine thoughts with conjunctions. Conjunctions are words that connect phrases in a sentence. Read the following example: The movie had ended. A few of us stayed to see the next picture. These two sentences flow better when they are combined like this: The movie had ended, but a few of us stayed to see the next picture.
Notice how figurative language is used to make a sentence more interesting. Read the following sentence: White clouds floated across the sky. The sentence above isnt very interesting, is it? Here is the sentence written using figurative language:
White, billowy clouds drifted lazily across the sky like a herd of grazing sheep. While the first sentence is not incorrect, the second one is certainly better. Colorful language is an important part of good writing.
Helpful Paragraph Structure Terms

All well-organized paragraphs contain the following basic parts:
Topic SentenceThis is usually the first sentence in the paragraph. It tells you what the paragraph is about. Supporting SentencesThese sentences make up the body of the paragraph and contain details that support the topic sentence. Closing SentenceThis is the last sentence in the paragraph. A good closing sentence ties all of the thoughts in the paragraph together.
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Study Skills
The Study Skills section of the SAT-9 tests your ability to find information in such places as reference books, newspapers, and library catalogs.
Here are two types of questions that you will be expected to answer:
1. General. These questions ask you about finding
information in reference books like a dictionary, a thesaurus, and Books in Print.
How to Prepare for the Study Skills Test

Familiarize yourself with the uses of each of the following types of reference materials:
2. Specific. These questions will give you a sample

page from a reference book and expect you to answer questions based on the information contained on the page.
A dictionary gives the pronunciations and meanings of words. A thesaurus is used for finding synonyms, or words with similar meanings. An atlas contains maps. Encyclopedias contain articles in alphabetical order about different things from a wide variety of subjects. as in-depth as an encyclopedia.
An almanac contains general data, including numbers and statistics. It is not Newspapers contain up-to-date information about current events. A telephone directory contains telephone numbers and addresses. Books in Print contains information about all of the books currently being
printed and sold.
The Readers Guide to Periodical Literature is used for finding recent magazine
articles about different subjects.
Tips for Becoming Familiar with Reference Resources
Visit a library to practice finding information in the sources listed above. Learn the purpose of each part of a dictionary entry. Practice writing a sample dictionary entry. Then look up the word to see how close you came. Practice finding books by using a library catalog. This will help you on questions that refer to an entry in a library catalog. Learn how to use a books index and table of contents. Practice looking up specific topics in the index.
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General Study Skills Questions

The first several questions in the Study Skills section are general questions about finding information in reference books.
Here is an example of this kind of question:
Below are guide words from a page in a dictionary. merchandise mercury Which of the following would be found on this page? A mercantile B merchant C mercy D mercenary
1. 2.
Look at the word in answer (A). Compare each letter in mercantile with each letter in merchandise. The word mercantile would appear first. Eliminate answer (A). Look at answer (B). Compare the words merchant and merchandise as you did with answer choice (A). Since merchant fits alphabetically between the two guide words, you know it belongs on this page in the dictionary. Although you think answer (B) is correct, read the other answer choices to make sure. (You can skip this step if you are very short on time.) Look at answer (C). Does the word mercy appear on this page in the dictionary? No, it appears on a page after this one. Eliminate answer (C). Does the word mercenary appear on this page in the dictionary? No, it appears on a page before this one. Now you can be sure that (B) is the correct answer.
3.
4. 5.
Heres a Hint
In a books index you can find A the books title, author, and publisher B the titles of all the chapters C keywords and page numbers D words and their meanings
A books title page tells you the books title, author, and publisher. A books Table of Contents lists chapters and page numbers. A books glossary contains a list of terms and definitions.
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Specific Study Skills Questions

Most of the Study Skills section is divided into groups of questions about a particular reference or resource. The resource might be a page from a dictionary, a library catalog entry, a book index, or another tool you might use to study. Here is an example from the Practice Test:
Use these sample dictionary entries to answer the following questions.

accept \ak sept'\ vb 1 : to receive willingly 2 : to give admittance or approval to 3 : to endure without protest or reaction 4 : to make a favorable response to accompany \ kum' p n \ vb 1 : to go with as an associate or companion 2 : to perform an accompaniment to or for 3: to cause to be in association
Which of the definitions of the word accept best describes its use in the following sentence? The police will accept his explanation as accurate. A B C D 1 2 3 4
1.
Read the sample sentence and think of your own definition for the underlined word in the sentence. In this case, you may have decided that the word accept means about the same as believe in this sentence. Look at answer (A). Compare your definition to the first definition for the word accept in the dictionary entry provided. Does definition 1 mean about the same as believe? No it does not. Eliminate answer (A). Look at answer (B). Does definition 2 mean about the same as believe? Yes, it does! If the police approved a statement, that means they believed it. This is probably the correct answer. Keep answer (B). Even though you think answer (B) is correct, you should always read the rest of the answers in case you find a better one. Look at answer (C). Does definition 3 mean about the same as believe? No, it does not. Get rid of answer (C). Look at answer (D). Does definition 4 mean about the same as believe? No, it doesnt. Now you can be sure that answer (B) is the correct choice.
2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
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Now go on to the next question.
Which of these is the correct way to hyphenate accompany at the end of a line? A acco-mpany B accomp-any C acc-ompany D accompa-ny
Everything in the world exists to end up in a book. Stephane Mallarme
1.
Look at answer (A). Is this the proper way to hyphenate accompany? No, it is not. Why? A hyphen is always placed between syllables when a word is divided. The dictionary entry provided above the question shows you how the syllables in ac-com-pa-ny are divided. Always compare each answer choice to the dictionary entry. Eliminate answer (A). Look at answer (B). Is this the proper way to hyphenate accompany? No, it is not. Why? Because answer (B) wrongly divides the syllable -pa- into two parts. Eliminate answer (B). Does answer (C) properly hyphenate the word accompany? No. Answer choice (C) wrongly divides the syllable -com- into two parts. Get rid of answer (C). Look at answer (D). Is this the proper way to hyphenate accompany? Yes! This answer choice properly places the hyphen between the syllables indicated by the dictionary entry. The correct answer is (D).
2. 3. 4.
Tips to Remember for Study Skills Questions

Prepare for these questions by learning to use all the different types of information sources before you take the SAT-9!
Eliminate the answers that you know are wrong first. Always refer back to the sample information entries with each new answer choice. Dont rely on memory! Be sure to read each question slowly and carefully. Careless reading will result in mistakes! If you dont know the answer to a question, guess and move on.
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The Language SA Test

The Language SA questions test the same skills as the Spelling, Study Skills, and Language sections. You will only take the Language SA section of the test if you do not take the Spelling, Study Skills, and Language sections. The Language SA section requires you to use these skills in the same way that you would in real life.
There are three types of Language SA questions:

1. Study Skills. These questions test your
ability to use reference books and other study tools.
2. Language Skills. These questions test

your knowledge of writing style and grammar.
How to prepare for the Language SA Test

If your teacher tells you that you will be taking the Language SA portion of the test, do the following:
3. Spelling. These questions test your

ability to recognize both misspelled and correctly spelled words.
Review the Spelling section of this book. Look up all of the words that you misspell on homework assignments. Review the Study Skills section of this book. Learn about all of the information source books and practice using them. Review the Language section of this book. Practice using proper grammar, punctuation, and figurative language in all of your homework assignments.
Study Skills
You will be presented with a short description of a situation faced by a student. For instance, the student might be writing a story, a letter, or a report. You will then be asked a couple of questions about where the student should go to find information or how the student should organize the project.
Here is an example from the Practice Test:
A History of the Telephone

Joses physics class studied how the telephone works. Jose wanted to learn more about telephones on his own. He was so fascinated that he volunteered to write an article on the history and function of telephones for the school newspaper.
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To find information about Alexander Graham Bell in a book about the history of the telephone, where should Jose look? A B C D On the copyright page In the introduction In the index In an atlas
1. 2.
Read the passage and question slowly and carefully. Look at answer (A). Should Jose look on the copyright page to locate information about Alexander Graham Bell? No. The copyright page lists the books publisher and where and when the book was published. Eliminate answer (A). Look at answer (B). Would Jose find the information he needs by looking at the introduction? No, the introduction only gives general information about how the book was written. Get rid of answer (B). Look at answer (C). Would Jose find his information by looking at the index? Yes! The books index will list the page numbers on which Alexander Graham Bell is mentioned. Keep answer (C). Look at answer (D). Would Jose find his information by looking at an atlas? No, he wouldnt. An atlas is a book of maps. Get rid of answer (D). Now you can be sure that (C) is the best answer.
3.
4.
5. 6.
Style and Grammar

You will be given a version of a students project and you will be asked questions about how it can be improved. Some questions will be about style: they may ask you which sentences can be combined or which sentences dont belong. Other questions will be about grammar: they will underline a phrase and ask you to correct the grammar.
To write or even speak English is not a science but an art. George Orwell
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Here is a brief example:
The telephone is a device that sends and receives sounds and data. (1) The device works by converting sound and data to electrical signals. (2) These signals can be transmitted along wires for long distances. All (3) (4) of the telephones are connected to switching systems. They determine (5) the pathway that information follows to reach its destination. Although the telephone may be an easy-to-use invention, its (6) history is difficult to trace. Sending signals over wires, many (7) inventors in the late 1800s tried to transmit voices. The telephone (8) is now used worldwide. The first person to use the telephone (9) successfully was an American inventor named Alexander Graham Bell. Bell realized that vibrations could be used to recreate speech. Bell (10) (11) was experimenting with a telegraph, but then a part came loose and began to make an odd sound. When this loosened part was allowed to (12) vibrate, it made a noise.
Which of these is the best way to rewrite sentence 7? A Many inventors in the late 1800s tried to transmit voices by sending signals over wires. B Many inventors in the late 1800s, sending signals over wires, tried to transmit voices. C Sending signals over wires, the many late 1800s inventors tried to transmit voices. D To transmit voices, many inventors in the late 1800s tried, sending signals over wires.
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1. 2. 3. 4.
Cover the answer choices so they dont confuse you. Look at sentence 7 and decide how you would rewrite it. Now look at answer (A). Is this sentence written correctly? Yes, it is. Keep answer (A). Even though you think you have found the correct answer, you should always read all of the answer choices just to be sure. Answer (B) is incorrect because the wording is awkward. Get rid of answer (B). Look at answer (C). Is this sentence written correctly? No, this sentence is awkward. Eliminate answer (C). Look at answer (D). This answer is also worded awkwardly. Get rid of answer (D). Now you can be sure that answer (A) is the correct choice.
5. 6. 7.
Here is another question based on the same passage. Try to answer it on your own.
Which of these sentences should be removed from the report? A 6 B 7 C 8 D 12
Spelling
You will be given a sentence with three underlined words and you will be asked if one of them is misspelled.
Here is an example:
?
1. 2. 3.
I want to major in mathmatics when I go to college. No mistake. A B C D

Read the sentence slowly and carefully. As you read, decide if any of the underlined words contain an error. Look at answer (A). Is the word major spelled correctly? Yes, it is. Eliminate answer (A). Look at answer (B). Is the word mathmatics spelled correctly? No! Correctly spelled, the word should be mathematics. Keep answer (B).
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4.
If you have time, you should always read the rest of the answers to be sure that you have chosen correctly. Look at answer (C). Is the word college spelled correctly? Yes, it is. Get rid of answer (C). Now you can be sure that (B) is the correct answer.
5.
Tips to Remember for Language SA

The questions on this part of the test are mostly just a review of the material in the Spelling, Study Skills, and Language sections. Always eliminate the answers that you know are wrong first. Remember to read all of the answer choices. Read the passages, questions and answer choices slowly and carefully.
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GLENCOE - Gr. 9 Grammar SAT Workbook

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SAT A ND P - 9 * RAC P REPARATI ON TICE WORK BOOK

& TEN DAYS TO THE SAT-9

Test-Taking Strategies to Help Students Succeed!

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Practice Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Ten Days to the Stanford 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Introduction to the Stanford 9

Why do I have to read this booklet?

Does the SAT-9 measure how smart I am?

Can I study for the SAT-9?

What is this booklet?

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Will this booklet really help me?

Will I get a higher score on the SAT-9 if I complete this booklet?

Preparing for the SAT-9

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Five Tips for Completing the Practice Exercises

Tip No. 1: Pay attention to the Directions and Samples

Tip No. 3: Eliminate wrong answer choices first

Something that is extensive is A tiresome B defensive C thorough D irritating

Tip No. 4: If you dont know an answer, guess!

Tip No. 5: Dont spend too much time on one question

Watch out for distractors!

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Preparation and Practice

A thing that is veritable is F G H J broad natural real quick

To shirk is to A B C D neglect struggle repeat contract

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To whittle is to F G H J build up cut down wear often fuse together

Treason has to do with A B C D damage betrayal generals fortune

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Stanford 9 Preparation & Practice

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Stanford 9 Preparation & Practice

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Stanford 9 Preparation & Practice

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Stanford 9 Preparation & Practice

A History of the Telephone

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Which of these sentences should be removed from the report? A B C D 6 7 8 12

Which of these sentences from the second paragraph is out of order? F G H J 9 10 11 12

Stanford 9 Preparation & Practice

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An edifice is a A B C D material sight building plant 7

A person who is indigent is A B C D bashful elated angry poor

A person who is liable is F G H J understanding worried hungry responsible

The word ecclesiastical relates to F G H J entertainment religion school fishing

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To survey something is to A B C D inspect it kill it want it enjoy it

Denial is most similar to A B C D forgetfulness sadness generosity rejection

To trespass is to F G H J cheat frighten transport invade

Stanford 9 Practice Test

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Stanford 9 Practice Test

Fishing in the Evening

The outline below describes the passage.

I. The moonlight is blocked by clouds

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III. Sergei pulls up fishing lines