Computational Fluid Dynamics

Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay

Expertise

Core CFD and CEM Algorithm development Hypersonics, internal and external flows Grid generation: IITZeus Particle methods Company: Zeus Numerix Systems and Engineering Visualization

People

A. Chatterjee (Gas dynamics, CEM, MHD) J. C. Mandal (CFD algorithms) A. G. Marathe (Internal flow, combustion) Prabhu Ramachandran (Particle methods, visualization) G. R. Shevare (Grid Generation, Industrial CFD, founder member Zeus Numerix) Krish Sinha (Hypersonics, turbulence) K. Sudhakar (MDO, design optimization)

Research and development

Tools & Algorithms developed Applications Spin-off: Zeus Numerix

CEM: electromagnetic scattering

Computational Electromagnetic solver Profs. Chatterjee and Shevare Predict the EM scattering and RCS of arbitrary, complex 3D geometries Finite volume time domain technique (FVTD) Resolving material properties using higher order schemes Grid: IIT Zeus - structured, multi-block, volume grid along with surface modeling CPU time: ???

Surface currents: Almond benchmark

Surface grid

Surface currents animation: 1.19 GHz,

VV Polarization

Surface currents: Air intake

6 Ghz, horizontal polarization,=0

8 Ghz, vertical polarization,=0

Surface Current Distribution on Straight Cylindrical Cavity with Hub, Blades and Plate terminations

Surface currents on an aircraft

Surface currents: fighter aircraft

Surface Currents at 68 degrees angle of incidence (HH polarization)

Surface Currents at 90 degrees angle of incidence (VV polarization)

CFD algorithms (Prof. Mandal)

New algorithm: Solution dependent weighted least square (SDWLS) Higher order reconstruction for FVM on unstructured grids A new implicit method for KVFS New formulation of energy relaxation methods for Hypersonic flows Unsteady flow on dynamic meshes Multi-grid convergence acceleration methods Pseudo-compressibility methods for incompressible flow with heat transfer

High resolution unstructured grid computations

Second order accurate solution dependent weighted least square reconstruction (SDWLS) No limiters required Theory unifies existing limiters and allows for generation of new ones Comparison of results for shock reflection problem (right)

New algorithms (contd.)

New implicit KVFS scheme

Multigrid convergence acceleration

Energy relaxation method for Hypersonic flows

Easy to extend a solver using perfect gas to compute real gas effects efficiently for inviscid/viscous equilibrium and non-equilibrium cases

Unsteady flow, dynamic meshes

ALE formulation, gometric conservation laws Upto 650 times faster than conventional explicit schemes

Grid generation

IIT Zeus Arbitrary 3D configurations Supports reading CAD surface data Fully functional GUI Surface modeling Structured, multi-block/Unstructured/Hybrid Visualization of solution on geometry

Grid generation examples

Surface mesh for a radial compressor

CFD Expert

Advanced fluid flow solver in 3D Developed and marketed by Zeus Numerix Full-featured GUI Built in pre and post processing Support for input from CAD data Structured multi-block/Unstructured/Hybrid Competes with the likes of Fluent, CFX etc.

CFDExpert Examples

Simulation of flow inside a radial compressor

LES of an explosion

CFDExpert ...

Pathlines for flow past a pickup truck (right) and a jeep (bottom)

CFDExpert ...

Hypersonic fluid flow

In house code Non-equilibrium thermo chemistry Turbulence models for high-Re Large scale parallel simulations 30000 CPU hours for 9 million points

Apollo shaped vehicle Flown in 1965 Mach 16, U = 5 km/s 3D unsteady wake

Instantaneous temperature field

Particle methods: vortex method

Vortex particles used to simulate fluid flow (Prabhu Ramachandran) Navier-Stokes fluid, incompressible, 2D Grid free, self-adaptive, unsteady flows Involves complex algorithms

Adaptive Fast Multipole methods [O(N2) O(N)] Accelerated higher order panel method Particle tracking with complex geometry

Written in C++, wrapped to Python 10 CPU commodity Linux cluster (IITM) for high-res, desktop for low-res

High resolution simulations

High resolution, initial transients for flow past impulsively started cylinder at Re=9500 Red dots: clockwise; Blue dots: anti-clockwise 200000 particles (each), 8 hours on 8 CPU Linux (P4) cluster at IITM

Complex unsteady flows (low-res)

Flow past a complex shape 45000 particles, 5 hours on PIII (450 Mhz) Flow inside a mixer 50000 particles, 4 hours P4 (2.8 Ghz)

Visualization: MayaVi

Open Source, BSD license Cross platform: *nix/Win32/Mac Developed by Prabhu Ramachandran (partially funded by Enthought Inc.) Written in Python, uses VTK for graphics SourceForge project: http://mayavi.sf.net Supports structured and unstructured data Visualizes scalar, vector and tensor fields Support for volume rendering Interactively scriptable from Python Used world over

MayaVi

Mach iso-contours in a four lobed mixer (made with MayaVi-1)

MayaVi-2 showing streamlines and iso-surfaces

Zeus Numerix Pvt. Ltd.

Incorporated as Pvt. Ltd. in July-Aug. 2004 Incubated in IITB's Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (SINE) CFDTutor : GUI tool to learn CFD CFDExpert: End-to-end tool to solve complex CFD problems CEMExpert: Tool for CEM problems Backed by consultancy and expertise of IIT faculty Competing with Fluent, CFX, etc. The only entirely Indian CFD company Alliances with CDAC and TCS

Computational resources

Galaxy.aero: 64 CPU Intel Xeon (3.2 Ghz, 2GB RAM per node) Cluster.aero: 18 CPU Intel P4 (1.6 Ghz, 1GB RAM per node) Brahma: 16 CPUs, Compaq HPC Alpha 160 (833 Mhz) Altix1: 7 CPU SGI Altix 350 Altix2 : 14 CPU SGI Altix 350 Param Padma (C-DAC, Bangalore)

Software resources

In-house tools/codes

IIT Zeus CFD Expert (Zeus Numerix ZNPL) CEM Expert (ZNPL) CFD Tutor (ZNPL) CFD/CEM/particle method codes MayaVi

Commercial software tools

PANAIR Fluent TecPlot ANSYS/NASTRAN CORE, DOOR (systems engineering) LMS Optimus