BLIND NAVIGATION SYSTEM USING RFID

ABSTRACT
A location and tracking system becomes very important to our future world of pervasive computing, where information is all around us. Location is one of the most needed information for emerging and future applications. Since the public use of GPS satellite is allowed, several state-of-the-art devices become part of our life, e.g. a car navigator and a mobile phone with a built-in GPS receiver. However, location information for indoor environments is still very limited. We propose an RFID based system for navigation in a building for blind people or visually impaired. A passive RFID tag & reader can be used. The RFID tags are placed at many places in a building. For eg: doors of room, table etc. Each tag has a unique code. These codes are already created and stored in an array while programming the 8051 microcontroller. As the blind approaches a tag, the RFID reader placed in the blinds stick will reads the corresponding code of that tag and compares it with the codes stored in the array in the microcontroller. The corresponding details (eg: which room he is approaching) will be play backed using an IC APR 9600. The obstacles in the way of the blind can be detected using an IR-TX& IR-RX module. The IR emitting diode will emit the infrared rays which after reflecting from the obstacle will received by an IR receiver. A digital IR-TX & IR- RX module is used. The output of IR-RX will be high until an obstacle is sensed. When an obstacle is in the predetermined range the output of the IR-RX will become low and it is informed to the blind using voice playback IC APR9600. Any human presence in the way of blind can be detected using a PIR (passive infrared) sensor. The output of PIR sensor will be high until a human presence is identified. Its output will become low when a human came in its range of operation. The human presence will be informed to the blind using voice playback IC APR9600.

INTRODUCTION BLIND NAVIGATION SYSTEM provides a navigation system for blind people with in a building. It helps the blind people to identify different things, places, presence of obstacles, human etc. and uses RFID technology to achieve this functionality. The microcontroller used in this system is AT89S52. A passive RFID tag and reader is used. The tag used is EM4102 and it is operating at a typical frequency of 125khz. When, a RF reader came near to it the tag will energized by a time-varying RF wave that is transmitted by the reader and it will send a 64 bit code. The RF reader will receive this. The IR-TX and IR-RX used are TSAL6200 and TSOP1736 respectively. Both operates at a frequency of 36khz. A PIR sensor module PR-005 is used for human detection. It will detect humans with in a range of 5 meters. A voice play back IC APR9600 is used for recording as well as play backing the details such as presence of obstacle, human being etc.

COMPONENTS

The components used in this system are:1) AT89S52 microcontroller 2) RF reader and tag (EM4102) 3) APR 9600 4) Loud speaker 5) IR-TX & IR-RX (TSAL6200 & TSOP1736) 6) PIR sensor (PR-005)

BLOCK DIAGRAM

RFID TAG

RF READER IR-TR & IR-RX

MICRO CONTROLLER

APR9600

PIR SENSOR

LOUD SPEKER

BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

MICROCONTROLLER:

* AT89S52 is used.
* Package used is 40 pin. * Compactable with MCS-51 products * 8 kb of ISP flash program memory * 4v to 5.5v operating range * Fully static operation 0 to 33 KHZ * 256*8 bit internal RAM * 32 i/o lines * Three 16bit timers/counters * Eight interrupt sources * Low power ideal and power down modes