Right triangle definition For this definition we assume that 0 < <

Definition of the Trig Functions

Unit circle definition For this definition is any angle.
y

or 0 < < 90 .

opposite

hypotenuse

adjacent sin = opposite hypotenuse adjacent cos = hypotenuse opposite tan = adjacent hypotenuse opposite hypotenuse sec = adjacent adjacent cot = opposite csc =

w w

sin , can be any angle cos , can be any angle 1 tan , n + , n = 0, 1, 2, 2 csc , n , n = 0, 1, 2, 1 sec , n + , n = 0, 1, 2, 2 cot , n , n = 0, 1, 2,

xa

Domain The domain is all the values of that can be plugged into the function.

Facts and Properties

.e

ra

ce
sin ( )
cos ( )

sin =

y = y 1 x cos = x = 1 y tan = x

Period The period of a function is the number, T, such that f ( + T ) = ) . So, if f( is a fixed number and is any angle we have the following periods. T= T= T T T T 2 2

tan ( ) csc ( )
sec ( )

Range The range is all possible values to get out of the function. csc 1 and csc 1 1 sin 1 1 cos 1 sec 1 and sec 1 tan cot

cot ( )

.c om
y 1 x

( x, y )

1 y 1 sec = x x cot = y csc =

= 2 = 2 = =

tan 2 + 1 = 2 sec 1 + cot 2 = csc 2 Even/Odd Formulas sin ( ) =sin csc ( ) =csc cos ( ) = cos tan ( ) =tan Periodic Formulas If n is an integer. sin ( += sin 2 n ) sec ( ) = sec cot ( ) =cot

tan ( + n ) tan cot ( + n ) cot = = Double Angle Formulas sin ( 2 ) = 2sin cos = 2 cos 2 1
2

cos= cos 2 sin 2 ( 2 ) = 1 2sin 2 tan tan ( 2 ) = 1 tan 2

w .e

cos ( += cos sec ( += sec 2 n ) 2 n )

xa

csc ( += csc 2 n )

ra

Degrees to Radians Formulas If x is an angle in degrees and t is an angle in radians then t x 180t = t= and x = 180 x 180

ce .c
sin = cos 2 csc = sec 2 tan = cot 2

Tangent and Cotangent Identities sin cos = = tan cot cos sin Reciprocal Identities 1 1 csc sin = = sin csc 1 1 sec cos = = cos sec 1 1 cot tan = = tan cot Pythagorean Identities sin 2 + cos 2 = 1

Formulas and Identities

Half Angle Formulas 1 2 sin = (1 cos ( 2 ) ) 2 1 2 cos = (1 + cos ( 2 ) ) 2 1 cos ( 2 ) tan 2 = 1 + cos ( 2 ) Sum and Difference Formulas sin ( ) sin cos cos sin =

cos ( ) = cos sin sin cos

tan tan tan ( ) = 1 tan tan Product to Sum Formulas 1 sin sin = cos ( ) cos ( + ) 2 1 cos cos = cos ( ) + cos ( + ) 2 1 sin cos = sin ( + ) + sin ( ) 2 1 = cos sin sin ( + ) sin ( ) 2 Sum to Product Formulas + sin + sin = 2sin cos 2 2 + sin sin = 2 cos sin 2 2 + cos + cos = 2 cos cos 2 2 + cos cos = 2sin sin 2 2 Cofunction Formulas
cos = sin 2 sec = csc 2 cot = tan 2

om

Unit Circle
( 0,1)

1 3 , 2 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 1 , 2 2

2 2 3 90 120 60

5 6

3 4
150

ce .c

4
45 45

135

( 1,0 )

180

ra m
225 225

w .e

3 1 , 2 2

7 6

xa

210

2 2 , 2 2

5 4

4 3

240

1 3 , 2 2

315 7 300 270 4 5 3 3 2

( 0,1)

1 3 , 2 2

For any ordered pair on the unit circle ( x, y ) : cos = x and sin = y Example 3 5 1 5 = = cos sin 2 3 2 3

om
1 3 , 2 2 2 2 2 , 2

3 1 , 2 2

30

0
360

0 2

(1,0 )

330

11 6

3 1 , 2 2

2 2 , 2 2

y y

cos 1 x is equivalent to x cos y = tan 1 x is equivalent to x tan y = Range y

= x= sin ( sin 1 ( x ) ) sin 1 ( sin ( ) )

= x= tan 1 ( tan ( ) ) tan ( tan 1 ( x ) )

Domain and Range Function Domain y = sin 1 x y = cos x y = tan 1 x

1

1 x 1 1 x 1 < x <

2 2 0 y

m
c

Law of Sines, Cosines and Tangents

a

xa w .e
b

ra
2

< y<

Law of Sines sin sin sin = = a b c

Law of Cosines a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos Mollweides Formula a + b cos 1 ( ) 2 = c sin 1 2

ce .c
Alternate Notation sin 1 x = arcsin x cos 1 x = arccos x tan 1 x = arctan x

Law of Tangents a b tan 1 ( ) 2 = 1 a + b tan 2 ( + ) b c tan 1 ( ) 2 = b + c tan 1 ( + ) 2

a c tan 1 ( ) 2 = 1 a + c tan 2 ( + )

om

Definition y sin 1 x is equivalent to x sin y =

Inverse Trig Functions

Inverse Properties = x= cos ( cos 1 ( x ) ) cos 1 ( cos ( ) )