Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Tunneling
OUTLINE
1. Tunneling Basics 2. Brief History of Tunnel Construction 3. Modern Tunnel Construction
Bored (circular) Cut and Cover (rectangular) Sunken Tubes (binocular) Micro Stacked Drift Mined
CM 510
Tunneling
TUNNELING BASICS
CM 510
Tunneling
Tunneling Basics
Topography
Tunneling Basics
Geology
CM 510
Tunneling
Tunneling Basics
Tunnel Benefits
CM 510
Tunneling
Tunneling Basics
Construction Impacts
Tunneling Basics
Tunnel Anatomy
CM 510
Tunneling
Tunneling Basics
Rules of Thumb
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Minimum ground cover over crown of tunnel ~ 1 diameter Minimum Separation of bored twin tunnels ~ diameter Minimum radius of horizontal curvature ~ 15 diameters Maximum vertical grade ~ 10% Maximum external water pressure on a TBM ~ 7 bar (100psi) Average advance rate in soft ground ~ 30 feet / day Average advance rate in hard rock ~ 50 feet / day Average advance rate in soft rock ~ 100-200 feet / day Cost of 20 ft diameter EPB Tunnel Boring Machine ~$8M
CM 510
Tunneling
CM 510
Tunneling
CM 510
Tunneling
circa 1902
CM 510
Tunneling
Hard Rock
2. Cut and Cover (rectangular) 3. Sunken Tubes (binocular) 4. Micro 5. Stacked Drift 6. Mined
10
CM 510
Tunneling
11
CM 510
Tunneling
12
CM 510
Tunneling
13
CM 510
Tunneling
Slurry Pressure
Slurry Pressure
14
CM 510
Tunneling
15
CM 510
Tunneling
Slurry Pressure
Slurry Pressure
16
CM 510
Tunneling
Slurry Pressure
17
CM 510
Tunneling
Lefortovo Moscow
18
CM 510
Tunneling
Lefortovo
19
CM 510
Tunneling
High speed rail connection under wildlife refuge / wetlands to mitigate C&C impacts
Calle 30 - Madrid
20
CM 510
Tunneling
Passed under existing interchange to provide express connection and complete ring road
Passed under existing roadway at depth that varied between 10 and 20 feet.
21
CM 510
Tunneling
22
CM 510
Tunneling
One-Pass System
23
CM 510
Tunneling
Two-Pass System
24
CM 510
Tunneling
25
CM 510
Tunneling
Liner Erection
Assembled Lining
Tokyo Metro
26
CM 510
Tunneling
Single Gripper
Double Gripper
Shielded
Double Shield
27
CM 510
Tunneling
28
CM 510
Tunneling
Govales, Texas
29
CM 510
Tunneling
30
CM 510
Tunneling
Bottom Up Construction
31
CM 510
Tunneling
Bottom Up Construction
Bregenz, Germany
32
CM 510
Tunneling
Bottom Up Construction
Bottom Up Construction
33
CM 510
Tunneling
Stage 2 Reduce parking, shift NB surface traffic under viaduct Remove trolley, shift SB surface traffic to west of viaduct Construct west tunnel wall/seawall
34
CM 510
Tunneling
Stage 3 Excavate west side utilities and relocate or support in place Set deck beams for temporary road surface over excavation
Stage 4
Construct temporary road surface over excavation
35
CM 510
Tunneling
Stage 5 Shift SB surface traffic to temporary road on west side Construct east tunnel wall and relocate/support utilities Set support beams and construct temporary road surface
Stage 6 Install dewatering systems Excavate below temporary road surface Place tiebacks and struts to support walls during excavation
36
CM 510
Tunneling
Stage 7 Cast lower slab, place waterproofing and construct lower box Progressively remove excavation supports as required Ventilate confined spaces with forced air from surface
Stage 8 Construct upper box, place waterproofing and cast top slab Progressively remove excavation supports as required Remove dewatering systems
37
CM 510
Tunneling
Stage 9 Remove parking under viaduct and re-stripe for two way traffic Shift SB surface traffic to under viaduct Restore relocated utilities and place new utilities as required
Stage 10 Remove deck beams and construct permanent roadway Shift SB surface traffic back to west side
38
CM 510
Tunneling
Stage 11 Shift NB surface traffic back to west side of construction Construct emergency exit stairwells and ventilations shafts Shift viaduct traffic into new tunnel
39
CM 510
Tunneling
40
CM 510
Tunneling
10 minute Break
Professor Kamran M. Nemati Fall Quarter 2011
41
CM 510
Tunneling
Floating Tubes
42
CM 510
Tunneling
43
CM 510
Tunneling
Finished Tunnel
44
CM 510
Tunneling
Micro-Tunneling
Cutter Head
45
CM 510
Tunneling
Micro-Tunneling
46
CM 510
Tunneling
Micro-Tunneling
Pipe Jacking
Atlanta, GA 1988
47
CM 510
Tunneling
48
CM 510
Tunneling
Mined Tunnel
Road Header
49
CM 510
Tunneling
Mined Tunnels
Shotcrete Lined
H3 Hawaii
Mined Tunnels
Unlined Tunnels
50
CM 510
Tunneling
Sequential Excavation
51
CM 510
Tunneling
Mined Tunnels
Shotcrete Lined
Shotcrete
52
CM 510
Tunneling
Shotcrete
1. Concrete sprayed from nozzle 2. Applied to bare rock or ground for support 3. Typically not a final finish but can be troweled 4. Application thickness varies to 4 per layer 5. Two types wet or dry 6. May contain fiber or be sprayed over mesh 7. Typical strength fc 3000 to 6000 psi 8. Can be built up in layers over 12 thick
Shotcrete
53
CM 510
Tunneling
Shotcrete
54
CM 510
Tunneling
ROCK BOLT
ROCK BOLT
55
CM 510
Tunneling
56
CM 510
Tunneling
57
CM 510
Tunneling
58
CM 510
Tunneling
Shafts
Ventilation Shaft
Detroit MI
59
CM 510
Tunneling
Shafts
Shafts
60
CM 510
Tunneling
Shafts
Shafts
61
CM 510
Tunneling
Shafts
62
CM 510
Tunneling
Shafts
Shafts
63
CM 510
Tunneling
Shafts
Launch TBM
64
CM 510
Tunneling
Tunnels in Seattle
Tunnels in Seattle
65
CM 510
Tunneling
Tunnels in Seattle
Tunnels in Seattle
66
CM 510
Tunneling
Tunnels in Seattle
Tunnels in Seattle
Sound Transit Mined Station Beacon Hill Exploratory Shaft Construction 2003
67
CM 510
Tunneling
Tunnels in Seattle
68
CM 510
Tunneling
69