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A Multi-scale Micromechanics Framework For Shale Using Nano-tools

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Publisher American Rock Mechanics Association Document ID 10-480 Content Conference Paper Type Title A Multi-scale Micromechanics Framework For Shale Using Nano-tools Authors J.A.Ortega, F.-J.Ulm, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Y.Abousleiman, University of Oklahoma Source 44th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 5th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium, June 27 - 30, 2010 , Salt Lake City, Utah Copyright 2010. American Rock Mechanics Association Preview ABSTRACT: The successful prediction of poroelastic properties of fine-grained rocks such as shale continues to be a formidable challenge for the rock mechanics community. The highly heterogeneous nature of shale in terms of its compositional and microstructural features translates into complex anisotropic behaviors at different scales. The recent application of instrumented indentation for the mechanical characterization of shale has revealed a granular response and intrinsic anisotropy of its porous clay phase at nanometer length scales. The discovered grain-scale behaviors have been incorporated into a multi-scale micromechanics model for shale poroelasticity. The inputs to the model are two volumetric parameters synthesizing mineralogy and porosity information. The model was calibrated and validated with independent data sets of anisotropic elasticity obtained from nanoindentation and standard laboratory acoustic experiments for shale specimens with and without organic content. The intrinsic elastic anisotropy corresponding to the porous clay phase delineates the overall anisotropy of shale observed at macroscales. The model represents a useful tool in rock mechanics applications for the prediction of shale acoustic properties based on material composition and porosity data. Language English

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1. INTRODUCTION The successful prediction of poroelastic properties of fine-grained rocks such as shale continues to be a formidable challenge for the rock mechanics community. The highly heterogeneous nature of shale in terms of its compositional and microstructural features translates into a complex anisotropic behavior at different length scales. One methodology for modeling shale's anisotropic poroelasticity requires a multi-scale approach. Following the model of Ulm and co-workers, the structure of shale is divided into three levels, as displayed in Fig. 1a. At the scale of nanometers (level 0), we recognize the clay mineral particles (e.g. kaolinite, illite, smectite), which constitute the solid phase in the clay fabric of shale. At the sub-micrometer scale (level I), the clay phase and nanoporosity form a porous clay composite. Finally, at the sub-millimeter scale (level II), the porous clay intermixes with silt-size particles (e.g. quartz, feldspar) and forms the macroscopic shale. The main research stream for modeling the elastic response of the porous clay in shale and other sedimentary rocks has relied on the direct translation of microstructural features, obtained from advanced imaging techniques (e.g. scanning electron microscopy), into morphological descriptions of the material constituents [1,2]. Particularly, the considerations of shapes and orientations of particles in the clay fabric played a pivotal role in explaining the observed elastic anisotropy at macroscales. However, the definition of the intrinsic elastic properties of the solid material phases and their effect on anisotropic properties remained unclear. Recently, applications of instrumented indentation for shale characterization [3,4] have offered direct measurements of the elastic behavior at nanoscales. In this work, we review the grain-scale mechanics probed by nanoindentation, which serves as the foundation for then modeling the multi-scale anisotropic behavior of shale materials using the tools of microporomechanics theory. The predictive capabilities of the model are investigated through comparisons between predictions and elasticity measurements from indentation and acoustic tests for several shale materials of diverse origins and compositions. File Size 129 KB Number of Pages 6 IMPORTANT NOTE Download accelerators and bots of any kind are prohibited on this website. Offenders may have their access blocked.

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