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Matter could be described in 2 ways: a. By their general properties b. By their unique characteristics
Properties of Matter
Physical Properties: is any measurable property, the value of which describes a physical system's state. The changes in the physical properties of a system can be used to describe its transformations. Qualitative Properties: properties of matter that is usually observed by our senses. These properties are not generally measured or quantified and are just being observed. Example: Color, odor, texture, brittleness, ductility. Quantitative Properties: properties of matter that is measures, quantified, ranged and could be assigned with a numeric value. Measurements of any particular quantitative property are expressed as a specific quantity, referred to as a unit, multiplied by a number. Example: Mass, Volume, Area, Viscosity, weight, height, temperature Intensive properties: whose value does not depend on the amount of the substance for which it is measured. For instance, the mass of an object is an extensive quantity, because it depends on the amount of that substance being measured. Density, on the other hand, is an intensive property of the substance.
temperature chemical potential density specific gravity viscosity velocity electrical resistivity specific energy specific heat capacity luster
hardness melting point and boiling point pressure ductility elasticity malleability magnetism state concentration
Extensive properties: is a physical quantity whose value is proportional to the size of the system it describes.
Mass: the amount of matter contained in a body/substance. (Measured by a platform balance) Weight: is defined as being equal to the force exerted on it by gravity. (Measured by a spring balance) Volume: amount of space required by matter Density: the proportion of mass and volume (mass/volume), denser substances tend to sink and less dense ones tend to float.
plastically without fracture. Ex. Copper wire: Being stretched to an extent until it breaks up.
5. Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical
substance called solute to dissolve in a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solvent.
The solubility of a substance fundamentally depends on the used solvent as well as on temperature and pressure.
6. Hardness is the measure of how resistant solid matter is to various kinds of
to applied
forces. ability to be molded and they could not return to original form Ex: Clay, plastic, copper Ex: water moves up in glass tubings, water absorbed by roots, water absorbed by a sponge
10. Capillarity ability of liquid to rise easily in thin tubes or in porous materials.
11. Porosity measure of the void spaces or pores in a material, this make the material
Chemical Property: a property that becomes evident during a chemical reaction. This is quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity. These are properties that are observed when chemical change takes place. Also included are the properties that are observed in an atomic or molecular level.
Reactivity against other chemical substances Heat of combustion Chemical stability in a given environment Preferred oxidation state
Capability to undergo a certain set of transformations, for example molecular dissociation, chemical combination, redox reactions under certain physical conditions in the presence of another chemical substance Preferred types of chemical bonds to form, for example metallic, ionic, covalent