ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) SYSTEM in the Philippines

Strategic Environmental Assessment Considerations of Cummulative amd Induced Impacts Financial Mecchanisms

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BACKGROUND EIA Laws (Presidential Issuances)

PD 1151 (1977) Philippine Environmental Policy

Requires sponsors of projects affecting the quality of the environment to prepare environmental impact statements

PD 1586 (1978) Establishment of the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PEISS) w/ the then National Environmental Protection Council (NEPC) as the lead agency

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EIA Laws

(Presidential Issuances)

PP 2146 (1981) Proclaims certain areas and types of projects as environmentally critical & w/in the scope of the PEISS Administrative Order 42 (2002) Rationalizing the Implementation of the Philippine EIS System giving authority, in addition to the DENR Secretary, to the EMB Central and Regional Office Directors to grant or deny issuance of ECCs

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The process of predicting the likely environmental consequences of implementing a project and designing appropriate preventive mitigating and enhancement measures as an input to decision making

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REQUREMENTS FOR PLANNING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

EIA

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Conduct of EIA Study and Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) Applications

EIA Study is conducted by the proponent or expert group commissioned by the proponent result of the EIA Study is documented and submitted to the EMB for review and evaluation as the major basis for the decision on Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) applications

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Environmental Compliance Certificate / Denial Letter

Contents of the ECC Scope and limitations of approved activities/components Conditions to ensure compliance with EMPs Recommendations to other agencies Denial letter Specify basis of decision

ECCs of Projects not implemented within 5 years from its date of issuance is deemed expired

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Environmental Assessment Levels

POLICY
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Cumulative Impact Assessment

PLAN

PROGRAM

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

PROJECT
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Difficulty in SEA Implementation

Responsibility over programs, plans and policy is divided among different government departments/agencies and jurisdictions

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Programmatic Compliance for Co-located Projects

Whats the difference?

A single EIS may be submitted for a multi-component program or an Industrial Development Area (IDA) taking into consideration all anticipated industrial activities within a contiguous area

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Considerations in the Analysis of ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

DIRECT IMPACTS INDIRECT (including Induced) IMPACTS CUMULATIVE IMPACTS

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Direct Impacts

Pollution due to discharge of waste streams into air/water/land noise pollution due emission of sound from plant activities intentional addition of substances such as pesticides, herbicides etc, contamination of physical environment due to accidental release of hazardous substances or addition resulting from spills blowouts, explosion

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INDIRECT AND INDUCED IMPACTS AS A RESULT OF CASCADE OF EFFECTS

LAND CLEARING

SOIL EROSION

NUTRIENT DEPLETION

LOSS OF FARM PRODUCTS

SEDIMENT DELIVERY

NUTRIENTS IN RUN-OFF

EUTROPHICATION SILTATION OF AQUATIC WEEDS GROW AND DIE RESERVOIR

LOWERED DISSOLVED OXYGEN
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TURBIDITY

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DAMAGES TO FISHERIES

NON BUDGETARY FUNDING SUPPORT FOR EIA

FUND Environmental Revolving Fund Review Support Fund Environmental Monitoring Fund SOURCE Fines and Penalties for violations Proponent upon application for ECC Proponent in compliance with the standard requirement in the ECC USE To fund EIA related activities To fund EIA related activities To fund EIA related activities

Environmental Proponent in Rehabilitation / Guarantee compliance with the Compensation for 6/16/10 Fund standard requirement damages in the ECC

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