1. Quantitative data comprise numbers obtained by various measurements of a system. A) True B) False 2.

Ice is less dense than water is an example of a qualitative statement. A) True B) False 3. A stitch in time saves nine is an example of a quantitative statement. A) True B) False 4. A theory is a tentative explanation of a set of observations. A) True B) False 5. A law is a concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions. A) True B) False 6. All matter is composed of very small particles called atoms is an example of a law. A) True B) False 7. The boiling point of a liquid is an example of a physical property. A) True B) False 8. The density of a substance is an example of a chemical property. A) True B) False

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9. Grape juice is an example of a: A) substance B) heterogeneous mixture C) element D) homogeneous mixture 10. Water is an example of a: A) compound B) heterogeneous mixture C) element D) homogeneous mixture 11. Which of the following is an intensive property? A) mass B) volume C) density D) length 12. Which of the following is an extensive property? A) boiling point B) freezing point C) density D) volume 13. Which of the following is an element? A) water B) oxygen C) sugar D) carbon dioxide 14. Which of the following is a compound? A) iron B) ammonia C) cobalt D) gold

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15. Which of the following is a chemical change? A) helium gas leaking from a balloon B) frozen orange juice is reconstituted by the addition of water C) a flashlight beam slowly dims and goes out D) a spoonful of salt is dissolved in a bowl of soup Use the following to answer questions 16-25: Match each element to its chemical symbol. a. Zn b. Pt c. Li d. Mg e. Cu f. Cl g. U h. F i. Si j. P 16. lithium 17. fluorine 18. phosphorus 19. copper 20. zinc 21. chlorine 22. platinum 23. magnesium

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24. uranium 25. silicon 26. Which of the following is not an SI base unit? A) kilometer B) kilogram C) second D) kelvin 27. Which of the following SI base units is not commonly used in chemistry? A) kilogram B) kelvin C) candela D) mole 28. Which of the following prefixes means 1/1000? A) kilo B) deci C) centi D) milli 29. If 586 g of bromine occupies 188 mL, what is the density of bromine in g/mL? A) 31.2 g/mL B) 0.312 g/mL C) 4.53 g/mL D) 3.12 g/mL 30. The density of ethanol, a colorless liquid that is commonly known as grain alcohol, is 0.798 g/mL. Calculate the mass of 17.4 mL of the liquid? A) 13.9 g B) 21.8 g C) 7.20 102 g D) 4.59 102 g

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31. What temperature is 95 F when converted to degrees Celsius? A) 63 C B) 35 C C) 127 C D) 15 C 32. What temperature is 14 F when converted to degrees Celsius? A) 18 C B) 287 C C) 10 C D) 44 C 33. What temperature is 37 C when converted to kelvin? A) 310 K B) 99 K C) 236 K D) 67 K 34. What temperature is 113 C when converted to kelvin? A) 160 K B) 239 K C) 45 K D) 386 K 35. What temperature is 77 K when converted to degrees Celsius? A) 296 C B) 105 C C) 196 C D) 25 C 36. What temperature is 601 K when converted to degrees Celsius? A) 874 C B) 633 C C) 328 C D) 215 C

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37. What is 0.000000027 expressed in scientific notation? A) 2.7 108 B) 2.7 107 C) 27 109 D) 2.7 108 38. What is 356 expressed in scientific notation? A) 35.6 101 B) 3.56 102 C) 3.56 103 D) 3.56 102 39. What is 1.52 102 expressed as a decimal? A) 0.0152 B) 0.152 C) 152 D) 1520 40. What is 7.78 108? A) 778000000 B) 0.000000778 C) 0.0000000778 D) 0.00000000778 41. For which of the following calculations is 9.9 1010 the correct answer? A) 145.75 + (2.3 101) B) 79,500 (2.5 102) C) (7.0 103) (8.0 104) D) (1.0 104) (9.9 106) 42. For which of the following calculations is 1.14 1010 the correct answer? A) 0.0095 + (8.5 103) B) 653 (5.75 108) C) 850,000 (9.0 105) D) (3.63 104) (3.6 106)

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43. Which of the following measurements has five significant figures? A) 4867 mi B) 56 mL C) 60,104 ton D) 0.00003 cm 44. How many significant figures are there in 0.006 L? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 45. How many significant figures are there in 605.5 cm2? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 46. What is 5.6792 m + 0.6 m + 4.33 m expressed in the correct units with the correct number of significant figures? A) 10.6 m B) 10.6 m C) 10.60 m D) 10.6092 m 47. What is 7.310 km 5.70 km expressed in the correct units with the correct number of significant figures? A) 1.282 km B) 1.28 km C) 1.282 km D) 1.28 km 48. What is 22.6 m when converted to decimeters? A) 0.226 dm B) 2.26 dm C) 226 dm D) 2.26 103 dm

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49. What is 25.4 mg when converted to kilograms? A) 2540 kg B) 2.54 105 kg C) 2.54 kg D) 2.54 104 kg 50. How many seconds are there in a solar year (365.24 days), expressed in the correct number of significant figures? A) 3.1557 107 s B) 5.2595 105 s C) 3.1 107 s D) 3.1557 108 s 51. How many minutes does it take light from the sun to reach Earth, given that the distance from the sun to Earth is 93 million mi, and the speed of light is 3.00 108 m/s? A) 500 min B) 0.517 min C) 8.3 min D) 8.26 min 52. A slow jogger runs a mile in 13 min. Calculate the speed in km/h. (1 mi = 1609 m) A) 3.5 km/hr B) 0.74 km/hr C) 2.9 km/hr D) 7.4 km/hr 53. A 6.0-ft person weighs 168 lb. What is this person's height in meters and weight in kilograms? (1 lb = 453.6 g; 1 m = 3.28 ft.) A) 1.8 m, 76.2 kg B) 1.8 m, 7620 kg C) 5.4 m, 76.2 kg D) 2.3 m, 43.2 kg 54. The speed limit in some states in the United States is 55 miles per hour. What is the speed limit in kilometers per hour? (1 mi = 1609 m.) A) 65 km/hr B) 88 km/hr C) 100 km/hr D) 34 km/hr

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55. For a fighter jet to take off from the deck of an aircraft carrier, it must reach a speed of 62 m/s. What is this speed in miles per hour (mph)? A) 120 mph B) 1.4 102 mph C) 8.4 103 mph D) 300 mph 56. The normal'' lead content in human blood is about 0.40 part per million (that is, 0.40 g of lead per million grams of blood). A value of 0.80 part per million (ppm) is considered to be dangerous. How many grams of lead are contained in 6.0 103 g of blood (the amount in an average adult) if the lead content is 0.62 ppm? A) 2.8 103 g Pb B) 5.6 103 g Pb C) 9.3 102 g Pb D) 3.7 103 g Pb 57. What is 3.0 1010 cm/s when converted to ft/s? A) 3.3 108 ft/s B) 2.4 109 ft/s C) 9.8 108 ft/s D) 30 108 ft/s 58. What is 273.15 C (theoretically the lowest attainable temperature) in degrees Fahrenheit? A) 459.67 F B) 0.00 F C) 491.67 F D) 523.42 F 59. Aluminum is a lightweight metal (density = 2.70 g/cm3) used in aircraft construction, high-voltage transmission lines, beverage cans, and foils. What is its density in kg/m3? A) 4.30 103 kg/m3 B) 2.70 104 kg/m3 C) 2.70 103 kg/m3 D) 8.2 102 kg/m3

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60. The density of ammonia gas under certain conditions is 0.625 g/L. What is its density in g/cm3? A) 4.32 104 g/cm3 B) 6.25 104 g/cm3 C) 6.25 107 g/cm3 D) 4.32 103 g/cm3 61. Which of the following statements is qualitative? A) Water freezes at 0 C B) Table salt melts at 801 C C) Mercury is a liquid at room temperature D) Gold contains 20% oxygen by volume 62. Which of the following statements describes a chemical property? A) Iron has a tendency to rust. B) Rainwater in industrialized regions tends to be acidic. C) Hemoglobin molecules have a red color. D) When a glass of water is left out in the sun, the water gradually disappears. 63. In 2002, about 95.0 billion lb of sulfuric acid were produced in the United States. What is this quantity in tons? A) 4.75 107 tons B) 3.45 106 tons C) 4.75 108 tons D) 7.33 107 tons 64. In determining the density of a rectangular metal bar, a student made the following measurements: length, 8.53 cm; width, 2.4 cm; height, 1.0 cm; mass, 52.7064 g. What is the density of the metal, expressed in the correct number of significant figures? A) 2.57 g/cm3 B) 2.575 g/cm3 C) 2.574 g/cm3 D) 2.6 g/cm3

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65. Calculate the mass of a cube of platinum of edge length 0.040 mm (the density of platinum = 21.4 g/cm3). A) 1.4 109 g B) 1.4 106 g C) 2.8 105 g D) 2.14 103 g 66. A cylindrical glass tube 12.7 cm in length is filled with mercury. The mass of mercury needed to fill the tube is 105.5 g. What is the inner diameter of the tube? (The density of mercury = 13.6 g/mL.) A) 1.34 cm B) 1.00 cm C) 0.882 cm D) 0.441 cm 67. The following procedure was used to determine the volume of a flask. The flask was weighed dry and then filled with water. If the masses of the empty flask and filled flask were 56.12 g and 87.39 g, respectively, and the density of water is 0.9976 g/cm3, what is the volume of the flask in cm3? A) 31.35 cm3 B) 87.60 cm3 C) 56.26 cm3 D) 46.33 cm3 68. The speed of sound in air at room temperature is about 343 m/s. What is this speed in miles per hour? (1 mi = 1609 m.) A) 767 mph B) 12.8 mph C) 46020 mph D) 343 mph 69. A piece of silver (Ag) metal weighing 194.3 g is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 242.0 mL of water. The volume of water now reads 260.5 mL. From these data calculate the density of silver. A) 21.0 g/cm3 B) 1.25 g/cm3 C) 0.746 g/cm3 D) 10.5 g/cm3

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70. A lead sphere has a mass of 1.20 104 g, and its volume is 1.05 103 cm3. What is the density of lead? A) 1.09 104 g/cm3 B) 11.4 g/cm3 C) 0.0875 g/cm3 D) 1.14 g/cm3 71. Lithium is the least dense metal known (density: 0.53 g/cm3). What is the volume occupied by 1.20 103 g of lithium? A) 6.4 102 cm3 B) 1.73 103 cm3 C) 2.3 103 cm3 D) 6.7 102 cm3 72. The medicinal thermometer used in a doctor's office may be accurate to 0.1 C. In degrees Celsius, what is the percent error expected from such a thermometer in measuring a person's body temperature of 38.9 C? A) 2.6 % B) 0.1 % C) 0.3 % D) 1.4 % 73. Vanillin (used to flavor vanilla ice cream and other foods) is the substance whose aroma the human nose detects in the smallest amount. The threshold limit is 2.0 1011 g per liter of air. If the current price of 50 g of vanillin is $112, determine the cost to supply enough vanillin so that the aroma could be detected in a large aircraft hangar with a volume of 5.0 107 ft3. A) 6.3 ($0.063) B) $15 C) 63 ($0.63) D) $150 74. At what temperature does the numerical reading on a Celsius thermometer equal that on a Fahrenheit thermometer? A) 0 C B) 40 C C) 100 C D) 32 C

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75. Suppose that a new temperature scale has been devised on which the melting point of ethanol (117.3 C) and the boiling point of ethanol (78.3 C) are taken as 0 S and 100 S, respectively, where S is the symbol for the new temperature scale. Derive an equation relating a reading on this scale to a reading on the Celsius scale. What would this thermometer read at 25 C? A) 142.3 S B) 10.0 S C) 25 S D) 72.8 S 76. A resting adult requires about 240 mL of pure oxygen/min and breathes about 12 times every minute. If inhaled air contains 20 percent oxygen by volume and exhaled air 16 percent, what is the volume of air per breath? (Assume that the volume of inhaled air is equal to that of exhaled air.) A) 3 104 mL B) 1 102 mL C) 1.2 103 mL D) 5 102 mL 77. A resting adult requires about 240 mL of pure oxygen/min and breathes about 12 times every minute. If inhaled air contains 20 percent oxygen by volume and exhaled air 16 percent, calculate the total volume (in liters) of air an adult breathes in a day. A) 8.6 103 L B) 4.3 104 L C) 1.7 103 L D) 7.3 102 L 78. The total volume of seawater is 1.5 1021 L. Assume that seawater contains 3.1 percent sodium chloride by mass and that its density is 1.03 g/mL. Calculate the total mass of sodium chloride in kilograms. A) 4.8 1020 kg B) 4.6 1021 kg C) 4.8 1019 kg D) 1.2 1020 kg

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79. Magnesium (Mg) is a valuable metal used in alloys, in batteries, and in the manufacture of chemicals. It is obtained mostly from seawater, which contains about 1.3 g of Mg for every kilogram of seawater. Assume that seawater has a density is 1.03 g/mL. Calculate the volume of seawater (in liters) needed to extract 8.0 104 tons of Mg, which is roughly the annual production in the United States. A) 5.4 1010 L B) 2.1 1019 L C) 8.6 1011 L D) 5.5 107 L 80. A student is given a crucible and asked to determine its density. She first weighs the crucible in air and then weighs it suspended in water (density = 0.9986 g/mL). The readings are 860.2 g and 820.2 g, respectively. What is the density of the crucible? (Hint: An object suspended in a fluid is buoyed up by the mass of the fluid displaced by the object. Neglect the buoyancy of air.) A) 3.55 g/cm3 B) 21.47 g/cm3 C) 40.0 g/cm3 D) 2.145 g/cm3 81. The surface area and average depth of the Pacific Ocean are 1.8 108 km2 and 3.9 103 m, respectively. Calculate the volume of water in the ocean in liters. A) 8.6 1015 L B) 7.0 1020 L C) 4.1 103 L D) 7.0 1012 L 82. The unit troy ounce'' is often used for precious metals such as gold (Au) and platinum (Pt). (1 troy ounce = 31.103 g.) A gold coin weighs 2.41 troy ounces. What is its mass in grams? A) 12.9 g B) 52.3 g C) 25.6 g D) 75.0 g

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83. Osmium (Os) is the densest element known (density = 22.57 g/cm3). Calculate the mass in pounds and in kilograms of an Os sphere 15 cm in diameter (about the size of a grapefruit; V = (4/3)r3 for a sphere of radius r). A) 90 kg, 41 lb B) 0.338 kg, 0.744 lb C) 40 kg, 88 lb D) 10 kg, 22 lb 84. Percent error is often expressed as the absolute value of the difference between the true value and the experimental value, divided by the true value, multiplied by 100. Calculate the percent error for the following measurement: The density of alcohol (ethanol) is found to be 0.802 g/mL. (True value: 0.798 g/mL.) A) 0.5 % B) 5 % C) .004 % D) 22 % 85. The natural abundances of elements in the human body, expressed as percent by mass, are: oxygen (O), 65 percent; carbon (C), 18 percent; hydrogen (H), 10 percent; nitrogen (N), 3 percent; calcium (Ca), 1.6 percent; phosphorus (P), 1.2 percent; all other elements, 1.2 percent. What is the mass (in grams) of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen in the body of a 62-kg person? A) 2.2 104 g O; 3.6 104 g C; 6.2 103 g H B) 8.0 104 g O; 1.9 104 g C; 5.5 103 g H C) 4.0 104 g O; 1.1 104 g C; 6.2 103 g H D) 6.5 104 g O; 1.1 104 g C; 8.8 103 g H 86. The men's world record for running a mile outdoors (as of 1997) is 3 min 44.39 s. At this rate, how long would it take to run a 1500-m race? (1 mi = 1609 m.) A) 980 3 s B) 224.4 s C) 209.2 s D) 336.6 s 87. Venus, the second closest planet to the sun, has a surface temperature of 7.3 102 K. Convert this temperature to C and F. A) 4.6 102 C; 8.5 102 F B) 4.6 102 C; 4.6 102 F C) 8.6 102 C; 8.6 102 F D) 2.2 102 C; 4.2 102 F

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88. Chalcopyrite, the principal ore of copper (Cu), contains 34.63 percent Cu by mass. How many grams of Cu can be obtained from 5.11 103 kg of the ore? A) 147 kg B) 1.77 106 g C) 147 g D) 1.77 103 g 89. It has been estimated that 8.0 104 tons of gold (Au) have been mined. Assume gold costs $350 per ounce. What is the total worth of this quantity of gold? A) $4.5 1011 B) $2.8 107 C) $4.5 108 D) $9.0 1011 90. A 1.0-mL volume of seawater contains about 4.0 1012 g of gold. The total volume of ocean water is 1.5 1021 L. Calculate the total amount of gold (in grams) that is present in seawater, and the worth of the gold in dollars. (Assume gold costs $350 per ounce.) A) 6.0 1012 g, $2.1 1015 B) 6.0 1012 g, $7.4 1013 C) 6.0 109 g, $7.4 1010 D) 3.0 106 g, $3.7 107 91. Measurements show that 1.0 g of iron (Fe) contains 1.1 1022 Fe atoms. How many Fe atoms are in 4.9 g of Fe, which is the total amount of iron in the body of an average adult? A) 5.4 1022 Fe atoms B) 5.4 1019 Fe atoms C) 2.2 1021 Fe atoms D) 5.4 1025 Fe atoms 92. The thin outer layer of Earth, called the crust, contains only 0.50 percent of Earth's total mass and yet is the source of almost all the elements (the atmosphere provides elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and a few other gases). Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in Earth's crust (27.2 percent by mass). Calculate the mass of silicon in kilograms in Earth's crust. (The mass of Earth is 5.9 1021 tons. 1 ton = 2000 lb; 1 lb = 453.6 g.) A) 7.3 1021 kg B) 1.6 1021 kg C) 7.4 1024 kg D) 3.8 1021 kg

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93. The diameter of a copper (Cu) atom is roughly 1.3 1010 m. How many times can you divide evenly a piece of 10-cm copper wire until it is reduced to two separate copper atoms? (Assume there are appropriate tools for this procedure and that copper atoms are lined up in a straight line, in contact with each other. Round off your answer to an integer.) A) 28 times B) 29 times C) 30 times D) 31times 94. One gallon of gasoline in an automobile's engine produces on the average 9.5 kg of carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, that is, it promotes the warming of Earth's atmosphere. Calculate the annual production of carbon dioxide in kilograms if there are 40 million cars in the United States and each car covers a distance of 5000 mi at a consumption rate of 20 miles per gallon. A) 4.2 1011 kg B) 9.5 1010 kg C) 2.3 106 kg D) 9.5 109 kg 95. A sheet of aluminum (Al) foil has a total area of 1.000 ft2 and a mass of 3.636 g. What is the thickness of the foil in millimeters? (Density of Al = 2.699 g/cm3.) A) 6.750 102 mm B) 2.900 102 mm C) 1.450 103 mm D) 1.450 102 mm 96. Which of the following describes a closed bottle of air? A) compound B) heterogeneous mixture C) element D) homogeneous mixture

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97. Chlorine is used to disinfect swimming pools. The accepted concentration for this purpose is 1 ppm chlorine, or 1 g of chlorine per million grams of water. Calculate the volume of a chlorine solution (in milliliters) a homeowner should add to her swimming pool if the solution contains 6.0% chlorine by mass and there are 2.0 104 gallons of water in the pool. (1 gallon = 3.79 L; density of liquids = 1.0 g/mL.) A) 1.3 103 mL of solution B) 1.3 mL of solution C) 4.9 103 mL of solution D) 6.9 103 mL of solution 98. The world's total petroleum reserve is estimated at 2.0 1022 J (joule is the unit of energy where 1 J = 1 kg m2/s2). At the present rate of consumption, 1.8 1020 J/yr, how long would it take to exhaust the supply? A) 4.7 101 yr B) 9.0 103 yr C) 1.1 102 yr D) 3.0 102 yr 99. In water conservation, chemists spread a thin film of certain inert material over the surface of water to cut down the rate of evaporation of water in reservoirs. Benjamin Franklin pioneered this technique three centuries ago. Franklin found that 0.10 mL of oil could spread over the surface of water of about 40 m2 in area. Assuming that the oil forms a monolayer, that is, a layer that is only one molecule thick, estimate the length of each oil molecule in nanometers. (1 nm = 1 10-9 m.) A) 8.4 nm B) 2.5 nm C) 6.3 nm D) 12.5 nm 100. Fluoridation is the process of adding fluorine compounds to drinking water to help fight tooth decay. A concentration of 1 ppm of fluorine is sufficient for the purpose. (1 ppm means one part per million, or 1 g of fluorine per 1 million g of water.) The compound normally chosen for fluoridation is sodium fluoride, which is also added to some toothpaste. Calculate the quantity of sodium fluoride in kilograms needed per year for a city of 50,000 people if the daily consumption of water per person is 150 gallons. What percent of the sodium fluoride is wasted'' if each person uses only 6.0 L of water a day for drinking and cooking? (Sodium fluoride is 45.0% fluorine by mass. 1 gallon = 3.79 L; 1 year = 365 days; 1 ton = 2000 lb; 1 lb = 453.6 g; density of water = 1.0 g/mL.) A) 1% B) 49% C) 75% D) 99%

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101. A gas company in Massachusetts charges $1.30 for 15.0 ft3 of natural gas. If it takes 0.304 ft3 of gas to boil a liter of water, starting at room temperature (25 C), how much would it cost to boil a 2.1-L kettle of water? A) $18 B) 18 ($0.18) C) 45 ($0.45) D) 5.5 ($0.055) 102. Pheromones are compounds secreted by females of many insect species to attract mates. Typically, 1.0 10-2 g of a pheromone is sufficient to reach all targeted males within a radius of 0.50 mi. Calculate the density of the pheromone (in grams per liter) in a circular air space having a radius of 0.50 mi and a height of 40 ft. A) 2.0 1019 g/L B) 4.0 1019 g/L C) 4.7 1012 g/L D) 6.0 1023 g/L 103. Normally the human body can endure a temperature of 105 F for only short periods of time without permanent damage to the brain and other vital organs. What is this temperature in degrees Celsius? A) 26.3 C B) 40.6 C C) 131C D) 83.5C 104. Ethylene glycol is a liquid organic compound that is used as antifreeze in car radiators. It freezes at 11.5 C. Calculate the freezing temperature in degrees Fahrenheit? A) 11.3 F B) 36.9 F C) 25.6 F D) 44.2 F 105. The temperature on the surface of the sun is about 6300 C. What is this temperature in degrees Fahrenheit? A) 3.7 102 F B) 5.9 102 F C) 3.5 103 F D) 1.1 104 F

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106. The ignition temperature of paper is 451 F. What is the temperature in degrees Celcius? A) 844 C B) 268 C C) 233 C D) 214 C 107. Convert 273.15 C (theoretically the lowest attainable temperature) to degrees Fahrenheit. A) 459.67 F B) 169.53 F C) 344.65 F D) 553.99 F 108. Convert 556 mL to liters. A) 5.56 102 L B) 0.556 L C) 5.56 L D) 5.56 10-2 109. Convert 10.6 kg/m3 to g/cm3 A) 0.0106 B) 1.06 102 C) 1.06 103 D) 1.06 104 110. Convert 7.2 m3 to liters. A) 720 L B) 7.2 103 L C) 0.72 L D) 7.2 10-2 111. Convert 28.3 g to pounds. A) 0.0128 lbs B) 3.89 10-3 lbs C) 6.24 10-8 lbs D) 2.83 10-6 lbs

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Answer Key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. A A B B A B A B D A C D B B C c h j e a f b d g i A C D D A B C A D C C D B A C D C C A

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45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90.

D B D C B A C D A B B D C A C B C A A D B C A A D B C C A B D D A C A B B D C A C C A B D B

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91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111.

A A C B D D A C B D D B B A D C A B A B C

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