2010 UMTS Architecture

References
[Holma] Ch 5 Radio Access Network Architecture by Fabio Longoni, Atte Lansisalmi and Antti Toskala
49110 3G Mobile Communication System UMTS Architecture

Dr K. Sandrasegaran Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)
This chapter gives a wide overview of the UMTS system architecture, logical network elements and the interfaces.
Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org
Outline
UMTS Release 99 Architecture User Terminal (UE) UMTS Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
Node B RNC
Introduction
UMTS Architecture consists of a number of logical network elements each with a well defined functionality at a logical level. Open interfaces which are well standardised.
Interfaces defined to such a detailed level that the equipment at the ends of an interface can be from different manufacturers.
Core Network (CN)

Circuit Switched Network Packet Switched Network
Network elements can be grouped based on similar functionality.
UMTS Protocol Overview UMTS Release 4 UMTS Release 5 UMTS Release 6

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org
UMTS Architecture (Fig 5.1)

UMTS Network consists of three components: UE (User Equipment) UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
provides access to the Core Network for the UE. Performs all radio related functions
Combined GSM/UMTS Rel. 99 PLMN

CN (Core Network) GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network) circuit switched (cs) domain enhanced GSM core network network elements for service groups
Core Network (CN)

switching, routing, charging and transit for user traffic. stores databases and provides network management functions. Iu Inherited from GSM Uu new
UE UTRAN CN
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
common cs & ps network elements
packet switched (ps) domain
NMS (Network Management Subsystem)

GSM Architecture
Equipment Identity Register F C Um Mobile Station BTS Abis A E Authentication Center
Network Elements in a PLMN

Figure 5.2 in text USIM and ME in UE Node B and RNC in UTRAN
Home Location Register D Visitor Location Register G
Uu
Iu
Node B USIM
Cu
BSC BSS
MSC
Node B
Iub
RNC
Iur
MSC/VLR
GMSC HLR
PLMN, PSTN, ISDN etc.
ME UE
Node B Node B
RNC UTRAN
SGSN
GGSN CN
Internet External Networks
BSS: Base Station System BTS: Base Transceiver Station BSC: Base Station Controller MSC: Mobile Switching Center
MSC Visitor Location Register
Open Interfaces
Cu interface: This is the electrical interface between the USIM smartcard and the ME. Uu interface: This is the WCDMA radio interface. The Uu is the interface through which the UE accesses the fixed part of the system, and is therefore the most important open interface in UMTS. Iu interface: This connects UTRAN to the CN. Iur interface: The open Iur interface allows soft handover between RNCs from different manufacturers. Iub interface: The Iub connects a Node B and an RNC.
UMTS Network Components

CORE NETWORK
UTRAN
USER EQUIPMENT
Q1. Draw the UMTS Network Components

User Equipment USIM + MT + TE (eg Laptop) UTRAN RNC (Radio Network Controller) Node B or BS (Base Station) Core Network 3G MSC/VLR (also called Wideband MSC) SGSN or 3G SGSN GGSN or 3G GGSN GMSC SMSC (SMS) Databases (HLR, VLR, EIR) CG (Charging Gateway)
User Equipment (UE)
User Equipment
The UE is connected to the UTRAN using the Uu interface. UE (User Equipment): It consists of two parts: Mobile Equipment (ME) is radio terminal used for radio comm. UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) is a smartcard that: - holds the subscriber identity - performs authentication algorithms - stores authentication & encryption keys & - some subscription information needed at the terminal.
Power class 1 Power class 2
UE FDD power classes

WCDMA FDD Power Class Maximum output power 33dBm (2W) 27dBm (0.5W) 24dBm (0.25W) 21dBm (0.125W ) Tolerance +1dB/-3dB +1dB/-3dB +1dB/-3dB +/-2dB
+
USIM User Terminal User Equipment (UE)Uu Node B
Power class 3 Power class 4
Note: The maximum output power of FDD PCs 2 till 4 is smaller compared to GSM because of continuous transmission instead of non-continuous transmission of GSM. The maximum transmission power determines the cell radius.
GSM 900 Power class 1 Power class 2 Power class 3 Power class 4 Power class 5
Maximum output power 43dBm (20W) only used in GSM Phase 1 39dBm (8W) 37dBm (5W) 33dBm (2W) 29dBm (0.8W)
UMTS / Universal SIM

Own processor and memory Two types of data: Specified data Subscriber dependent Featuring: Two name fields per entry Multiple phone numbers per entry Support of e-mail address User definable groupings Call details USIM security
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN)

consists of one or more Radio Network Subsystems (RNS). Each RNS consist of many Radio Network Controller (RNC) Each RNC is connected to other RNC via the Iur interface. Each RNC is connected to Core Network via Iu interface which can be Iu-CS which connects RNC to the circuit switched part of the CN and Iu-PS which connects the RNC to the packet switched part of the CN Each RNC is connected to many base stations, known as Node B which is connected to its RNC via the Iub interface.
UTRAN Architecture (Figure 5.3)

Uu IuCS
Node B USIM
Cu
Node B
Iub
RNC RNS
Iur
MSC/VLR
ME UE
Node B Node B RNC RNS

IuPS
SGSN CN
UTRAN
The main characteristics of UTRAN are: Support of UTRA & all the related functionality. Maximization of the commonalities with GSM, when possible. Use of ATM transport as the main transport mechanism in UTRAN. Use of IP-based transport as the alternative transport mechanism in UTRAN from Release 5 onwards.
UTRAN
UTRAN consists of two distinct elements:

Node B (Base station) converts the data flow between the Iub and Uu interfaces; it also participates in radio resource management. The Radio Network Controller (RNC) owns and controls the radio resource in its domain.
Node B
Node B is equivalent to the GSM Base Station Unit that performs radio transmission and reception with cells. One or more cells maybe served by Node B depending on sectoring method (Omni/Sectored Cells). Node Bs main task is data transmission to and from the UE via the Uu air interface and the RNC via the Iub interface. This includes Forward Error Correction (FEC), Rate Adaptation, DSSS: W-CDMA spreading and de-spreading, QPSK modulation. Handover and micro diversity for cells belonging to same Node B. Measurements: For cells belonging to different Node Bs, but controlled by same RNC, Node B measures and reports quality and strength of connections and determines frame error rate (FER) as a measurement report to the RNC. Power Control: Node B allows the UE to adjust its power using downlink (DL) transmission power control (TPC) commands via the inner-loop power control on the basis of uplink (UL) TPC information.
The UTRAN provides the following functions: Radio Resource Control: setup and release of radio resources. Admission Control: to admit a new request or not. Congestion Control: when overloaded bring back to stable state. Code Allocation: allocation of orthogonal codes from code tree. Power Control: Handover Control Macrodiversity
Node B Tasks & Functions

Radio Channel functions. O&M Processing.
Interfacing with NMS and RNC for alarm and control (Operations and Maintenance) functions. Logical to physical channel mappings. Encoding/Decoding Spreading/Despreading user traffic and signalling.
What do base station sites look like?

UltraHoppers
MetroHoppers Fle xiHopper
X-pol. antennas
RNC
Iub Interface ATM
10
Uu Interface WCDMA
10 10 01 0 10
10 1
00
Site support
Base Station
Cellular Transmission management

Managing ATM switching and multiplexing over the Iub interface. Control of AAL2/AAL5 connections. Control of the physical transmission interfaces E1, PDH, SDH or microwave.
Air Interface management. Controlling

Uplink and Downlink radio paths on the Uu Air Interface. Baseband to RF conversion. Antenna multi-coupling.
Base station sites can be found in many different places and in different forms. The sites are connected together in different ways.
Radio Network Controller (RNC)

RNC logically corresponds to the GSM BSC. RNC performs the Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol that defines the messages and procedures between UE and UTRAN. Main tasks of RNC control of logical resources provided by the Node Bs. responsible for the Layer 2 processing of user data. closed loop power control handover control admission control code allocation packet scheduling macro diversity combining/splitting over number of Node Bs.
Logical Role of RNC

Iu Iu
Node B Node B UE
Iub
Node B SRNC
Iur
Node B
Iub
SRNC
Iur
Node B Node B
DRNC UTRAN UE
Node B Node B
DRNC UTRAN
Controlling RNC (CRNC) RNC controlling a Node B. Each Node B has a CRNC Serving RNC (SRNC): Every UE connected to UTRAN has only one SRNC which is the termination point of all data and signalling with the UTRAN for a UE. Drift RNC (DRNC): any RNC, other than SRNC, that control cells used by the UE. One UE may have zero, one or more DRNCs.
Iur-Interface & Soft Handover

I can be connected to several cells simultaneo usly
UTRAN
Node B Iub Node B Iur RNC (RNS)
CN (Core Network) circuit switched (cs) domain
Iu-CS
3G MSC/VLR
Uu UE Uu
Duplication of DL traffic, selection of UL traffic
UMTS Core Network
Node B Iub Node B RNC Iu-PS 3G SGSN

packet switched (ps) domain
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
RNC Radio Network Controller UE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + UMTS SIM (USIM)
UMTS Release 99 Core Network

CN (Core Network) GERAN circuit switched (cs) domain
MSC/VLR GMSC
Core Network
PSTN/ ISDN corp. network The Core Network consists of 3 domains: Circuit-switched domain modified version of Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) from GSM. consists of the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC), which has been adapted for UMTS, and the Visitor Location Register (VLR). Register and service domain consists of the Home Location Register (HLR), the Equipment Identity Register (EIR) and the Authentication Center (AuC). The Service Domain consists of the Intelligent Network (IN) and other Service Development Platforms. Packet-switched domain The Packet Switched Domain is a packet-switched network based on the current GPRS architecture.
EIR
HLR
AC
UTRAN IPbackbone
common cs & ps network elements
SGSN
GGSN
PDN WAP
BG CG packet switched (ps) domain

Inter-PLMN Network
Billing Centre
Core Network
Core Network consists of two separate but parallel networks: Circuit Switched service domain, which focuses on the MSC. This domain is derived from the GSM network infrastructure and thus shares many of its characteristics. Enable GSM operators to share network infrastructure in early stages of UMTS rollout. Packet Switched service domain: focuses on the GSNs. Packet Switched service uses IP to transport data traffic. Consists of HLR (Home Location Register) is a database located in the users home system that stores the master copy of the users service profile. MSC/VLR (Mobile Services Switching Centre/Visitor Location Register) is the switch (MSC) and database (VLR) that serves the UE in its current location for circuit switched services. GMSC (Gateway MSC) is the switch at the point where UMTS PLMN is connected to external CS networks. All incoming and outgoing CS connections go through GMSC. SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) functionality is similar to that of MSC/VLR but is typically used for PS services. GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) functionality is close to that of GMSC but is in relation to PS services.
CN Functions
The Core Network provides the following functions: Connection Management (CM): which provides the bearer services and the procedures for circuit-switched connections Session Management (SM): which is responsible for the set up, monitoring and release of a packet-switched connection and; Mobility Management (MM): which is used to determine the location of a User Equipment so a connection can be set up.
Connection Management
Connection Management (CM) covers various functions: depending on the different services used, Bearer Management offers every type of data transfer. These services can be Real Time services (RT), with a fixed delay and regular bitrate, or Non-Real Time services (NRT), with a variable delay. Real time services need a fixed bitrate, for which a circuit-switched connection is typically used. The connection between the User Equipment and the Core Network (CN) is called Radio Access Bearer (RAB). The Core Network initiates the setup, modification, monitoring and release of an RAB. The UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) carries out these functions. Call Control (CC) defines the procedures used for setup, monitoring and release of the mobile terminated and mobile originated calls in the circuit-switched domain, e.g. in the MSC. The supplementary services are not necessary for connection setup. They are directly related to a call and make network use more comfortable. Call forwarding and voice mail are typical supplementary services. The short message service is also a task of the Core Network and works the same way as in GSM.
Session Management
Session Management defines the set up, monitoring and release of a packet-switched connection. For this purpose, information defined in the PDP Context is used, such as the quality of service. The PDP Context can be in two different states: - PDP Context Inactive or - PDP Context Active
Mobility Management
Mobility Management serves to locate a User Equipment so a connection can be set up. The circuit-switched Core Network (CN) recognizes three states for a User Equipment. Detached: The User Equipment is switched off. Idle: The User Equipment is still not connected, but a signaling connection can be activated if required. Connected: An active connection exists.
3G MSC/VLR
3G MSC/VLR: This new 3G implementation of the Mobile Switching and Visitor Location Register combines their functionalities and serves as both the switch and a database. The MSC is used to switch the circuit switch data, which includes controlling call signalling and co-ordinating the handover procedures between UTRAN. THE 3G MSC has also been provided with both circuit and packet switching capabilities. The VLR keeps a copy of visiting users service profile.
MGW for MSC

Main functions of MGW: ATM/TDM conversion Iu/A signalling conversion between narrowband and broadband CCS7 Transcoding
DX 200 MSC
MGW
ATM
RNC
TDM PCM
PSTN/ Transit network
STM-1 Iu-CS
3G MSC
Nokia 3G MSC & MGW - Summary

Media Gateway: 5120 transcoding channels 8 RNCs IPA 2800 platform Iu-CS interface MSCi: Simultaneous support for UMTS (A') and GSM (A) traffic 600 000 BHCA 16 700 Erlangs 600 000 subscribers + 200 000 telemetric subscriber 100% IN/SCE traffic support
DX 200 MSC
MGW
Nokia HLRi capacities

1 200 000 subscribers + 400 000 telemetric subscribers AuC capacity 2.4 million subscribers EIR with: 4 million entries in the black list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry) 4 million entries in the grey list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry) 200 000 entries in the white list (up to 1 000 000 IMEIs/entry)
ATM
RNC
TDM PCM
PSTN/ Transit network
STM-1 Iu-CS
Nokia 3G MSC
Interfaces of 3G-SGSN
RNC 3G Core Network (VPLMN) NMS Ga CG Iu
Other packet core network elements

3G Core Network (HPLMN)
Gn
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) BG (Border Gateway)

Router to Inter-PLMN data network
Gp
Gr
DNS (Domain Name Server)

Access point name IP address of correct GGSN
3G SGSN
3G SGSN
Gf
HLR & AUC
CG (Charging Gateway) LIG (Legal/Lawful Interception Gateway)
EIR
Gd
SMSC
UMTS Protocol
UMTS Protocol Architecture
UMTS protocol architecture

Divided into independent horizontal and vertical planes Horizontal layers consist of: Radio Network Layer All UTRAN related issues are visible only Transport Network Layer represents standard transport technology that is selected to be used for UTRAN, but without any UTRAN specific requirements Vertical planes consist of: Control Plane used for all UMTS-specific signalling (control) information. It includes the Application Protocol (RANAP in Iu, RNSAP in Iur and NBAP in Iub), and signal bearers for transporting the Application Protocol messages. User Plane responsible for transmitting and receiving all information by the user such as voice call or packet data. Transport Network Control Plane acts between Control Plane and User Plane and used for all control signalling within the transport layer.
It includes the ALCAP (Access Link Control Application Part) protocol,
UMTS Releases 4
Transport Network User Plane responsible for data bearer and signalling bearer in the user plane. unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report
UMTS Core Network Architecture & Evolution

The UMTS radio interface (WCDMA), represents a bigger step in the radio access evolution from GSM networks. The UMTS core network did not experience major changes in the 3GPP Release99 specification. Note: Both UTRAN & GERAN based radio access network connect to the same core network. Release 4 included the change in core network CS domain when the MSC was divided into MSC server and Media Gateway (MGW). Also, GMSC was divided into GMSC server and MGW. Release 5 contains the first phase of IP multimedia sub-system (IMS), which will enable a standardized approach for IP-based service provision via PS domain. The capabilities of IMS will be further enhanced in Release 6, it will allow the provision of services similar to CS domain services from the PS domain.
Release 4 Core Network & IP Multimedia Sub-system
Data & Control Services & applications HSS PSTN/ISDN IP networks Control
MSC server
IuCS IuCS
GMSC server MGW
MGW SGSN MRF
UTRAN
IuPS
GGSN CSCF
MGCF
UE IMS functionality Services & applications
Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)
Network architecture of Rel 4

Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offered
CSE CAP D MSCServer A GERAN UTRAN Iu A Iu Mc (H.248) CSMGW Nb Mc (H.248) CSMGW PSTN, ISDN, PLMN, etc. Nc CAP C GMSCServer
HLR
Release 4 Elements
HSS (Home Subscriber Server): The registers now a part of HSS, are shown as an independent item for simplification, without all the connections to the other elements shown. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol): The key protocol between the terminal and the IMS is the SIP, which is the basis of IMS-related signaling. MGW (Media Gateway): It performs the actual switching for user data and network inter-working processing, e.g., echo cancellation or speech decoding/encoding. MSC or GMSC Server: They take care of the control functionality as MSC or GMSC respectively, but the user data goes via the MGW. One MSC/GMSC server can control multiple MGWs, which allow better scalability of the network when, e.g., the data rate increases with the new data services. In that case, only the number of MGWs needs to be increased.
Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)

Interrogation of HLR Network-network signalling Interaction with cs-MGW CDR generation
CSE CAP D MSCServer Nc CAP C GMSCServer Mc (H.248) Nb

Call control (MOC, MTC) VLR functionality UE-network signalling Network-network signalling Interaction with cs-MGW CDR generation
HLR
A GERAN UTRAN Iu A Iu Mc (H.248) CSMGW
CSMGW
Bearer control Bearer channel termination Media conversion Payload processing Mobile specific functions
PSTN, ISDN, PLMN, etc.
3GPP Release 5 architecture

Rel.99
UTRAN - WCDMA air interface Enhanced core network functionality New service architecture
UMTS Release 5 IMS Overview

Home network
HSS S-CSCF MRF Other IP/IMS network
IMS
I-CSCF
Rel.4
Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offered Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced services GERAN implementation
Rel.5
IP Multimedia Subsystem High Speed Downlink Packet Access IP transport in the core network IP transport in UTRAN End to end IP services Simpler service integration due to simplified protocol stacks Easy integration and enabling of instant messaging, precence information and real time conversation services
RAN
SGSN
P-CSCF GGSN
Visited network
IMS
Release 5 Elements
MRF (Media Resource Function): MRF which, e.g., controls media stream resources or can mix different media streams. The standard defines further the detailed functional split for MRF. CSCF (Call Session Control Function): It acts as the first contact point to the terminal in the IMS (as a proxy). The CSCF covers several functionalities from handling of the session states to being a contact point for all IMS connections intended for a single user & acting as a firewall towards other operators networks. MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function): It handles protocol conversions. This may also control a service coming via the CS domain and perform processing in an MGW, e.g., for echo cancellation.

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References

49110 3G Mobile Communication System UMTS Architecture

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Core Network (CN)

Network elements can be grouped based on similar functionality.

UMTS Protocol Overview UMTS Release 4 UMTS Release 5 UMTS Release 6

UMTS Architecture (Fig 5.1)

Combined GSM/UMTS Rel. 99 PLMN

Core Network (CN)

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)

common cs & ps network elements

packet switched (ps) domain

NMS (Network Management Subsystem)

Network Elements in a PLMN

Home Location Register D Visitor Location Register G

PLMN, PSTN, ISDN etc.

Internet External Networks

MSC Visitor Location Register

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

UMTS Network Components

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Q1. Draw the UMTS Network Components

User Equipment (UE)

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

UE FDD power classes

Power class 3 Power class 4

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

UMTS / Universal SIM

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)

UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN)

UTRAN Architecture (Figure 5.3)

Node B Node B RNC RNS

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

UTRAN consists of two distinct elements:

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Node B Tasks & Functions

What do base station sites look like?

MetroHoppers Fle xiHopper

Cellular Transmission management

Air Interface management. Controlling

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Radio Network Controller (RNC)

Logical Role of RNC

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Iur-Interface & Soft Handover

CN (Core Network) circuit switched (cs) domain

Duplication of DL traffic, selection of UL traffic

UMTS Core Network

Node B Iub Node B RNC Iu-PS 3G SGSN

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

UMTS Release 99 Core Network

common cs & ps network elements

BG CG packet switched (ps) domain

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org

Copyright K.Sandrasegaran. Please report unautorized usage to kumbes@ieee.org