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Source : www.gsacom.com
2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Source : www.gsacom.com
2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
LTE/EPC fundamentals
1xEVDO rA 1xRTT
UE3
Downlink peak data rates (64QAM) Antenna config Peak data rate Mbps SISO 2x2 MIMO 4x4 MIMO 100 QPSK 50 172.8 16 QAM 57.6 326.4 64 QAM 86.4
UE1
Uplink peak data rates (Single antenna) Modulation Peak data rate Mbps
LTE/EPC architecture
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
S-GW S5 Uu X2 UE Evolved Node B S1-C MME S6a HSS S1-U S11 P-GW S10 Gx PCRF Sgi
Public Data Network
The LTE protocol and network architecture is characterized by three special requirements
1. 2. 3. Support for the PS domain only. There will be no circuit switched (CS) domain nodes. Voice services need to be delivered using VoIP Tight delay targets for small roundtrip delays 5 ms for bandwidths of 5 MHz and greater ; 10 ms for the bandwidths below 5 MHz Reduced cost of the system
Serving Network
GSM-A
GPRS-Gb
Um
GSM EDGE Evolved EDGE BTS
CS Core (Voice) Nb
MSC/VLR
Nc
SS7/SIGTRAN
Mc
MGW
D/Gr
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
HLR/HSS
PS Core (Data) Gn
Iu-CS Iu-PS
SGSN GGSN
Uu
RNC
Gi
UE W-CDMA HSPA/HSPA+
S3
S4
S-GW
Gx
Uu
UE LTE LTE Advanced
X2
Evolved Node B
S1-C
eNB
eNodeB
Page 12
EPC Access
Attachment & Service Request Security & Authentication
Bearer management
Dedicated bearer establishment PDN GW & SAE-GW selection
MME
Mobility Management Entity
Page 13
Lawful Interception
S-GW
SAE Gateway
Page 14
UE IP address allocation
P-GW
PDN Gateway
Page 15
E-UTRAN
EPC
Internet P-GW
Peer Entity
UE
eNB
S-GW
End to End Service IMS Control and User Planes EPS Bearer E-RAB Radio Bearer S1 Bearer S5 Bearer Ext. Bearer
Radio
2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation |
S1
S5/S8
SGi
Page 17
Todays 3G Services use best effort QoS Classes parameters for all PS services
An LTE user can have up to 24 bearers, each with its own QoS Class In the EPC, the QoS parameters are a function of guaranteed & non-guaranteed bit rates defined by 9 QCI labels.
L2 Packet Loss Rate
10-2 10-3 10-3 10-6 10-6 Conversational Voice Conversational Video (Live Streaming) Real Time Gaming Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming) IMS Signalling Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.) Voice, Video (Live Streaming) Interactive Gaming
Example Services
QCI=6 (non-GBR)
300 ms
10-6
10-3 10-6
Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, etc.) 10-6
Page 18 Page 18
UL-TFT
RB-ID
Radio Bearer
S1 Bearer
S5 Bearer S5/S8-TEI
DL-TFT
UE
eNB
SGW
PDN -GW
Page 24 Page 24
NSD Mobile LTE SAE Technical Overview Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Analytics Anywhere Everywhere The Talking Pipes - Unraveling the Complexities Copyright 2010-2011 LTE World Summit 2011
Consumers View
Key Performance Indicators
Device
All in One Smarts Basic Voice, SMS, and Add-ons Services
Affordability
Unlimited Price Plans without worrying about incurring additional charges without notifications Tiered pricing in terms of Application Awareness, Spending Limits Gating and QoS control
Specific to Voice
Per current Circuit Switch (CS) Voice experience in terms of the above mentioned indicators at equal or less cost as compared to GSM and UMTS, e.g. Lower or Equal Call Setup times with similar Quality
NSD Mobile LTE SAE Technical Overview Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Analytics Anywhere Everywhere The Talking Pipes - Unraveling the Complexities Copyright 2010-2011 LTE World Summit 2011
Page 25 Page 25
Components
KPI Categories
QoS Validation
Device (IMS Agent/Codec) E-UTRAN (E-UTRA) Evolved Packet Core Policy Control
Accessibility
Subscribed
Page 26 Page 26
NSD Mobile LTE SAE Technical Overview Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Analytics Anywhere Everywhere The Talking Pipes - Unraveling the Complexities Copyright 2010-2011 LTE World Summit 2011
Voice over HSPA (VoHSPA) GSMA IR.58 Voice over LTE via Generic Access (VoLGA)
Voice via OTT (E.g. Skype etc.) CS Fallback to Legacy Access SMS over SGs (3GPP Legacy Accesses) and S102 (non-3GPPP Legacy Accesses)
Optimized
Voice over LTE (VoLTE) SMS over IP (SMSoIP) Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) Potential Throttling of OTT-based Voice options for Added Differentiation Others include Rich Communication Suite ((e)RCS) Introduction
Video over LTE (V2oLTE) Voice over HSPA Emergency Preemption and Prioritized Access Single Radio Video Call Continuity (vSRVCC) Roaming and Interconnect PS Handover (Voice and/or non-Voice) Enhanced Multimedia Priority Service (eMPS)
Essentials Evolved
LTE
LTE
Circuit Switched
CSFB
Circuit Switching
VoLTE SRVCC
Circuit Switched Packet Switching
VoLTE VoHSPA
Packet Switching
29
Mobility increases complexity MME / SGW Relocations 2G I-RAT 3G I-RAT CSFB SRVCC
Additional Functions IPv6 Stateless Address Auto Configuration (SLAAC) Infrastructure Domain Name System (DNS)
It takes the whole end to end network to deliver an application/service to the end user.
[3GPP TS 23.401]
Page 30 Page 30 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation NSD Mobile LTE SAE Technical Overview Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Analytics Anywhere Everywhere The Talking Pipes - Unraveling the Complexities Copyright 2010-2011 LTE World Summit 2011
EPC
eNB MME
IMS CN
Core IMS
P-CSCF P-CSCF
EPC
MME eNB
E-UTRA
Terminating UE
UE in IDLE (default EPS bearer established)
S-GW/P-GW
S-GW/P-GW
T O A C T I V E
I D L E T O A C T I V E
C A L L S E T U P
Network Triggered Service Request Procedure= paging+UE Triggered Service Request Procedure (establishment of S1 and Radio bearers for IMS signalling) (3GPP TS 23.401, section 5.3.4.3)
C A L L S E T U P
[3GPP TS 23.203]
SIP 200 OK (SDP answer) Resource Reservation (Dedicated Bearer Activation Procedure 3GPP TS 23.401, section 5.4.1) Resource Reservation (Dedicated Bearer Activation Procedure 3GPP TS 23.401, section 5.4.1)
Page 31 Page 31
NSD Mobile LTE SAE Technical Overview Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Analytics Anywhere Everywhere The Talking Pipes - Unraveling the Complexities Copyright 2010-2011 LTE World Summit 2011
User Device
Air Interface
Network Equipment
Network Interfaces
eNodeB
Serving GW
Prioritized Access, Barring, Admission Control and Pre-emption Overload Control Security
Policy and Charging Control (PCC) Mobility Handover Restrictions Bypass for Emergency Bearers CS Fallback Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC)
NSD Mobile LTE SAE Technical Overview Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Analytics Anywhere Everywhere The Talking Pipes - Unraveling the Complexities Copyright 2010-2011 LTE World Summit 2011
Mobility
Page 33 Page 33
Network-wide Events, Alarms Correlation and Analysis Analyzing fragmented, multi-ordered cascaded events could be tedious and time consuming Pinpoint Specific Events of Interest and Triggering Network Element Events of Interest can be Failures, Latency, Packet Loss, Inactivity Timeout, Congestions etc. Examine Relativity On-demand, e.g. Specific failures with certain device types Failure to establish PDN connectivity due to IPv6 address assignment failures Time to access service too long, figuring out the long pole, e.g. DNS optimization Ciphering issues resulting in squeaky tones Call and Services Preempted due to Emergency Scenarios Call Attempt Failures due to RAN Congestion
Page 34 Page 34
NSD Mobile LTE SAE Technical Overview Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Analytics Anywhere Everywhere The Talking Pipes - Unraveling the Complexities Copyright 2010-2011 LTE World Summit 2011
Focus areas
Basic Interoperability Roaming 3GPP Legacy Access Handover/Relocation Non-3GPP (eHRPD) Access and Interworking Robustness
Focus areas
Voice over LTE Compliant to GSMA PRD IR.92 Roaming and Interconnect Compliant to GSMA PRD's IR.65 and IR.88 GERAN/UTRAN Access to EPC Handover/Relocation Self Organizing Networks/Automatic Neighbor Relation Robustness Testing
VoLTE/RCS MSF & ETSI, GSMA VoLTE/RCS IOT planned Event 2012
Builds on VoLTE IOT event from 2011
Adding RCS v5.0 to the infrastructure under test
Focus areas
Home/Single Network
GSMA PRDs IR.92 & IR.90 GSMA PRDs IR.65, IR 88, IR.92 & IR.90 GSMA PRDs IR.88, IR.92, IR.90 and IR.67
Ut UE GERAN IMS UA S4 SGSN UE IMS UA UTRAN S6a DRA S6a Gx PCRF S3 MME UE IMS UA eNodeB S1-MME LTE-Uu SecGW S1-U S4 S12 S-GW S5 P-GW SGi S11
ENUM ENUM
Roaming Interconnect
IMS Core MMTel / RCS Application Servers I S C Mw I/S-CSCF
Mx
Sh Cx
P-CSCF Rx
IBCF/TrGW
Ici/Izi
Rx ENUM Server
ENUM
IPX
Gx
Ici/Izi
Other PLMN
Contextual Measurements and KPI taking into consideration of Relative QoS Prioritization and Preemption esp. with Congestion and Overload, Emergency Services scenarios Without this, the risk is that the real customer experience will not be fully understood
Service delivery challenges are not unique to VoLTE as they are fully applicable for all subscriber, devices, services management
Page 38 Page 38
NSD Mobile LTE SAE Technical Overview Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Analytics Anywhere Everywhere The Talking Pipes - Unraveling the Complexities Copyright 2010-2011 LTE World Summit 2011
Next wave of Technology after initial basic LTE LTE Evolution and Usage
Sub waves Public Safety usage of LTE (2012+)
NIST is one driver (US) Strong driver for QoS and Policy Control LightSquared, US Everything Everywhere,UK Scartel/Yota, Russia Telenor/Tele2, Sweden SAE Core used for LTE, UMTS and GPRS IMS used as converged CS platform Increased capacity and coverage Increased peak performance
Technology evolutions
Cloud based RAN access (2014+)
NSN Liquid Radio ALU lightRadio CMCC Cloud RAN
Helping all major network Equipment manufacturers realize LTE Helping operators trial and evaluate LTE on every continent Committed to stay ahead of the technology wave and lead the industry Playing an important part in LSTI
2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION