AS 3778.5.

1—1991
ISO 555-1: 1973

Australian Standard
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Measurement of water flow in open

channels

Part 5: Dilution methods

Method 5.1: Constant-rate injection

method for the measurement of
steady flow
[ISO title: Liquid flow measurement in open channels—Dilution
methods for measurement of steady flow—Constant-rateinjection
method]
 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CE/24, Measurement of Water
Flow in Open Channels and Closed Conduits. It was approved on behalf of the Council
of Standards Australia on 12 July 1991 and published on 23 September 1991.

The following interests are represented on Committee CE/24:

Association of Consulting Engineers, Australia
Australian Water and Wastewater Association
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Board of Works, Melbourne

Department of Water Resources, N.S.W
Engineering and Water Supply Department of South Australia
Forestry Commission, N.S.W
Institute of Instrumentation and Control
Monash University
Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation
University of New South Wales
University of Queensland
Water Authority of Western Australia
Water Board, Sydney—Illawarra—Blue Mountains
Water Resources Commission, Queensland

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 AS 3778.5.1—1991

Australian Standard
This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Measurement of water flow in open

channels

Part 5: Dilution methods

Method 5.1: Constant-rate injection

method for the measurement of
steady flow

First published as 3778.5.1—1991.

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 7069 5
 2

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Standa rds Australia Committee on Measurement of Water
Flow in Open Channe ls and Closed Condui ts. It is identical with and has been reprodu ced from
ISO 555 -1:1973, Liquid flow measurement in open channe ls—Dilution methods for measurement
of steady flow—Constant-rate inje ction method .
Under arrangements made between Stand ards Australi a and the International Stand ards Bodi es,
ISO and IEC, as well as certain other Stand ards organizations, users of this Australia n Standa rd
are advised of the following:
(a) Copyrigh t is vested in Standa rds Australia.
(b) The number of this Standa rd is not reproduced on each page; its ide ntity is shown only on
the cover and title pages.
(c) There may be occasion al dual langu age sections, but English is always one of the lang uag es
reproduced.
(d) Where any cross-references to page numbers appea r within the text, these rela te to pag e
This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

numbering in the International Stand ard and are to be disregarded.

This Standard is one of a series which deal s with methods of measurement of water flow in open
chann els. The series when complete will consist of the following parts:
Part 1: Vocabula ry and symbols
Part 2.1: General—Guide lin es for the selection of method s of measurement
Part 2.2: General—Establishment and operation of a gaugin g station
Part 2.3: General—Determination of the stage-discharge relation
Part 2.4: General—Estimation of uncertain ty of a flow-rate measurement
Part 2.5: General—Guide lin es for the selection of flow gaugin g structures
Part 3: Velocity-area methods
Method 3.1: Measurement by current-meters and floats
Method 3.2: Measurement by moving-boa t method
Method 3.3: Measurement by slope -area method
Method 3.4: Colle ction and processing of data for determination of errors in measurement
Method 3.5: Investigation of total error
Method 3.6: Measurement of flow in tida l channel s
Method 3.7: Measurement by ultrasonic (acoustic) method
Method 3.8: Electromagnetic method using a full-channel-width coil
Part 4: Measurement using flow gaugi ng structures
Method 4.1: Thin-pla te weirs
Method 4.2: Rectangu lar broad-crested weirs
Method 4.3: Round -nose horizontal broad-crested weirs
Method 4.4: V-shaped broad-crested weirs
Method 4.5: Trian gul ar profile weirs
Method 4.6: Flat-V weirs
Method 4.7: Rectangu lar, trapezoidal and U-shaped flumes
Method 4.8: Trape zoidal profile weirs
Method 4.9: Parshall and Saniiri flumes
Method 4.10: End-depth method for estimation of flow in rectang ula r chan nels with a free overfall
Method 4.11: End-depth method for estimation of flow in non -rectang ular chan nels with a free
overfall (approximate method)
Part 5: Dilution methods
Method 5.1: Constant-rate inj ection method for the measurement of steady flow (this Standard)
Method 5.2: Integration method for the measurement of steady flow
Part 6.1: Measuring devices, instruments and equipment—Rotating ele ment current-meters
Part 6.2: Measuring devices, instruments and equ ipment—Direct depth sound ing and
suspension equi pment
Part 6.3: Measuring devices, instruments and equipment—Cali bration of rotating ele ment
current-meters in straight ope n tanks
Part 6.4: Measuring devices, instruments and equipment—Echo sounde rs for water dep th
measurements
Part 6.5: Measuring devices, instruments and equipment—Waterlevel measuring devices
Part 6.6: Measuring devices, instruments and equipment—Cable way system for stream
gaugi ng
Part 6.7: Measuring devices, instruments and equipment— Ultrasonic(acoustic) velocity meters
Part 6.8: Measuring devices, instruments and equipment—Position fixing equipment for
hydrometric boa ts
 3

For the purposes of this Australian Stand ard, the ISO text shou ld be modified as foll ows:
(i) Wherever the words ‘International Standa rd’ appe ar, referring to this Standard, they should be
read as ‘Australian Stand ard’.
(ii) Wherever the word ‘fluid ’ appea rs, it shou ld be read as ‘water’.
(iii) Substitute a full poi nt (.) for a comma (,) as a decimal marker.
(iv) The references to other pub lication sshould be repl aced by references to Australi an Standards
as follows:
Reference to International Standard Australian Standard
ISO AS
772 Liquid flow measurement in open chan- 3778 Measurement of flow in open channels
nels—Vocabulary and symbols 3778.1 Part 1: Vocabulary and symbols
2638 Liquid flow measurement in open chan- —
nels—Dilution methods for measure-
ment of steady flow—Integration
(sudden injection) method
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R541 Measurement of fluid flow by means of —

orifice plates and nozzles

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 AUSTRALIAN STANDARD
Measurement of water flow in open channels
Part 5:
Dilution methods
Method 5.1:
Constant-rate injection method for the
measurement of steady flow
This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This International Standard specifies methods for the
measurement of flow in channels under steady flow
conditions by the dilution method using constant-rate
injection. The method is applicable to the measurement of
the flow in channels where the degree of turbulence is
sufficiently high to ensure efficient mixing of the injected
solution throughout the whole flow. This is generally the
case in hill streams and torrents.
The apparatus and the chemicals to be used, the
specifications of the techniques of injection and sampling,
and also the methods of analysis, are detailed.
2 REFERENCES
ISO/R 541, Measurement of fluid flow by means of orifice
plates and nozzles.
ISO 772, Liquid flow measurement in open channels —
Vocabulary and symbols.
ISO 2638, Liquid flow measurement in open channels —
Dilution methods for measurement of steady flow —
Integration (sudden injection) method.1)
3 TERMINOLOGY
For the purposes of this International Standard, the
definitions given in ISO 772 apply.
1) At present at the stage of draft.
COPYRIGHT
4
4 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
The units of measurement used in this International
Standard are metres (or feet) and seconds.
5 PRINCIPLE OF THE CONSTANT-RATE INJEC-
TION METHOD
A solution of a suitably selected salt is injected at a
constant rate, at a cross-section, at entry of the
measuring-reach of the channel in which the rate of flow
is constant over the period of test.
In a downstream cross-section of this reach, far enough
from the first for the injected solution to be uniformly
diluted throughout this cross-section, samples are taken at
regular intervals of time. Provided that the concentration
of the added chemical has attained a steady value, the
rate of flow Q in the channel may be calculated from the
equation:
Q = qN
where
q is the rate of injection of the chemical salt solution;
N is the ratio of the concentration of the salt in the
injected solution to that at the downstream cross-
section of the channel; however, if traces of the
chemical salt are already present in the stream prior to
the injection, N is defined by the equation given at the
end of 5.1.
The ratio N, which is called the dilution ratio, may be
determined by one of the following methods.
 This is a free preview. Purchase the entire publication at the link below:

AS 3778.5.1-1991, Measurement of water flow in

open channels Dilution methods - Constant-rate
injection method for the measurement of steady
This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

flow

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