Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
1—1996
Australian Standard®
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Australian Standard®
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PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Heavy Mineral
Sands.
A separate Standard will cover the analysis of zircon materials.
The objective of this Standard is to provide an absolute method for the analysis of
titaniferous mineral sands by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendices to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral
part of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is for information and guidance
only.
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CONTENTS
Page
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 REAGENTS AND MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7 SAMPLES AND SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8 PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9 CALCULATION OF RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10 GENERAL TREATMENT OF RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
11 TEST REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
APPENDICES
A PREPARATION OF FLUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
B PREPARATION OF THE CALIBRATION STANDARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
C STANDARD DEVIATION OF SPECIMEN PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
D AIR COOLING BLOCK FOR FUSED DISCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
E DETERMINATION OF Pt OVERLAP ON Th Lα . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
F COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CALCULATION OF RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . 37
G SAMPLE OF DATA FOR USE WITH CALCULATION PROGRAM . . . . . . . 48
H EXAMPLES OF MATRIX COEFFICIENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
I FLOWCHART FOR ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Heavy mineral sands—Analysis by wavelength dispersive X-ray
fluorescence spectrometry
1 SCOPE This Standard sets out a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence procedure
for the determination of titanium, iron, aluminium, silicon, zirconium, manganese,
vanadium, niobium, calcium, chromium, magnesium, sulfur, cerium, phosphorus,
lanthanum, thorium, uranium, tin, arsenic and lead in titaniferous mineral sands.
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The method is applicable to all titaniferous heavy mineral sands (including synthetic
rutile) having components with the concentration ranges specified in Table 1.
TABLE 1
RANGE OF APPLICATION
OF THE METHOD
Concentration range
Oxide
%
TiO2 40 to 100
Fe2O3 0.03 to 50
A12O 3 0.02 to 3.0
SiO2 0.1 to 3.0
ZrO2 0.01 to 3.0
Mn3O 4 0.002 to 2.0
V2O 5 0.01 to 0.7
Nb2O 5 0.01 to 0.5
CaO 0.003 to 0.1
Cr2O3 0.003 to 2.0
MgO 0.02 to 2.0
SO3 (as S) 0.01 to 1.0
CeO2 0.01 to 0.5
P2O 5 0.005 to 0.5
La2O 3 0.005 to 0.2
ThO2 0.003 to 0.1
U3O 8 0.002 to 0.1
SnO2 0.002 to 0.1
As2O5 0.002 to 0.1
PbO 0.004 to 0.1
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