Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010 POWER SYSTEMS-II (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Derive an expression for the inductance per phase for a 3-phase overhead transmission line when conductors are unsymmetrical placed but lines are untransposed. (b) Calculate the inductance and reactance of each phase of a three-phase 50Hz overhead high-tension line (HTL) which has conductors of 2.5cm diameter. The distance between the three-phases are [8+8] i. 5m between A and B, ii. 4m between B and C and iii. 3m between C and A as shown in Figure 1(b)iii. Assume that the phase conductors are transposed regularly. [8+8]

Figure 1(b)iii 2. (a) Draw the phasor diagram for a nominal-T circuit of a transmission line and derive expressions for sending end voltage and current. (b) A load of 4000 kW at 1100 volts is being received from a single phase transmission line at a power factor of 0.9 lag. If the resistance and reactance of conductor is 0.018 ohm and 0.02 ohm respectively, calculate the sending end voltage, current and power factor. Neglect the capacitance of the line. [8+8] 3. (a) Find out the relation between sending end voltage and receiving end voltage and current in a long transmission line. (b) A 220kV,3-phase transmission line has an impedance per phase of (60+j200)ohms and an admittance of 0+j0015mho. Using the convergent series method determine 1 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 1

i. the sending end voltage and ii. the sending end current when the receiving end current is 200Amps at 0.95 p.f lagging. [8+8] 4. Dene surge impedance with reference to transmission line and deduce from rst principles an expression for its value. Find the surge impedance of a two wire overhead line which has an inductance of 1.8 mH per thousand yards and a capacitance of 0.005F per thousand yards. [4+4+8] 5. (a) Write a short notes on radio interference due to corona. (b) Determine the disruptive critical voltage and the visual critical voltages for local and general corona on a 3-phase overhead transmission line consisting of three stranded copper conductors spaced at 2.5 meters apart at the corners of an equilateral triangle. Air temperature and pressure are 210 C and 73.5 cm of Hg respectively. Conductor diameter is 1.8 cm, irregularity factor (m0 ) 0.85, and surface factors (mv ) 0.7 for local and general corona 0.7 and 0.8 respectively. Breakdown strength of air is 21.1 kV (r.m.s) / cm. [6+10] 6. (a) Dene string eciency. Why is it necessary to have high string eciency? How can it be achieved? (b) A string of suspension insulators consists of 5 units each having capacitance C. The capacitance between each unit and earth is 1/8 of C. Determine the voltage distribution across each insulator in the string as a percentage of voltage of conductor to earth .If the insulators in the string are designed to withstand 36 kV maximum, calculate the operating voltage of the line where 5 suspension insulator strings can be used. [8+8] 7. (a) What are the factors aecting sag? (b) A transmission line conductor at a river crossing is supported from two towers at heights of 60 and 80 meters above water level. The horizontal distance between the towers is 300m. If the tension in the conductor is 2000kg, nd i. the maximum clearance between the conductor and water, ii. the clearance between the conductor and water at a point mid way between the towers. Weight of conductor is 0.844 kg/m. Assume that the conductor takes the shape of a parabola. [6+10] 8. (a) Derive a relation between the conductor radius and inside sheath radius of a single core cable so that electric stress of the conductor surface may be minimum. (b) A single core 2 km long cable has a conductor radius of 1.2cm and an insulation thickness of 4mm. If the resistivity of dielectric is 71012 ohm-m, determine the insulation resistance of the cable. [8+8]

2 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 2

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010 POWER SYSTEMS-II (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) What do you understand transposition in overhead lines? Explain why transposition is done in such a line. (b) Calculate the capacitance per phase of a three-phase three-wire transposed system when the conductors are arranged at the corners of a triangle with sides measuring 1.0m, 1.5m, and 2.0m. Diameter of each conductor is 1.2 cm. [8+8] 2. (a) Draw the phasor diagram for a nominal- circuit of a transmission line and derive expressions for sending end voltage and current. (b) A three-phase, 50Hz, 11kV transmission line delivers a load of 2400kW at power factor of 0.8 lag over a distance of 20km. The line conductors are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle of 2m side. The line losses are 10%. Calculate the sending end power factor. [8+8] 3. (a) Starting from the rst principles, deduce expressions for ABCD constants of a long line in terms of its parameters. (b) A three-phase, 50 Hz, 150 km long transmission line has three conductors each of 0.7 cm radius spaced at the corners of triangle of sides 2 m, 3.5m and 4.5m. The resistance of each conductor is 0.4 ohms per km and the line delivers 50 MVA at 132 kV and at a lagging p.f. of 0.85. Determine ABCD constants as long line (both real and complex angle methods) [8+8] 4. (a) Dene crest, front, tail and velocity of a travelling wave. (b) A voltage having a crest value of 3000 kV is traveling on a 750 kV line. The protective level is 1700 kV the surge impedance of the line is 300. Calculate i. ii. iii. iv. the current in the line before reaching the arrester current through the arrester the value of arrester resistant for this condition reect voltage. Verify the reection and reection coecients.

[6+10]

5. (a) Explain corona loss at extra high voltages and its disadvantages. How is distributive critical voltage estimates? (b) A conductor 2 cm diameter is passed centrally through a porcelain bushing (relative permittivity) r = 3 having internal and external diameters of 2.5 cm and 8 cm respectively. The voltage between conductor and an earthed clamp surrounding the porcelain is 11 kV (r.m.s). Find the value of maximum potential gradient in the air space between the conductor and porcelain and also state whether Corona will be present or not? [8+8] 1 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 2

6. (a) Explain why suspension type of insulators are preferred for high voltage overhead lines. Sketch a sectional view of one unit of the suspension type insulator and describe the construction. (b) An insulator string containing ve units has equal voltage across each unit by using disc of dierent capacitances. If the top unit has a capacitance of C and pin to tower capacitance of all units is 20 percent of the mutual capacitance of top unit. Calculate mutual capacitance of each disc in a string. [8+8] 7. (a) Derive an equation to calculate the conductor tension under erection conditions if the conductor tension and loading under bad weather conditions are known. (b) A transmission line has a span of 150 m between supports, the supports being at the same level. The conductor has a cross-sectional area of 2 cm2 . The ultimate strength is 5,000 kg/cm2 . The specic gravity of the material is 8.9 gm/cm3 . If the coating of ice is 1.0 cm, calculate the sag at the center of the conductor if factor of safety is 5. [8+8] 8. (a) Explain the intersheath grading of cable. (b) A cable has intersheath grading that satises the equation, R/r1 = r1 /r =. The core and cable radii are r =1.2 cm and R = 3 cm. Determine the location of the intersheath and also calculate the ratio of maximum electric eld strengths with and without intersheath grading. [8+8]

2 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 3

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010 POWER SYSTEMS-II (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Name and explain briey the four parameters on which the performance of a transmission line as an element of power system depends. (b) A three-phase three-wire 50 kV, 50 Hz overhead line conductor is placed in horizontal plane as shown in Figure 1(b)ii. The conductor diameter is 1.5 cm. If the length of the line is 100 km. Calculate i. Capacitance per phase per meter, ii. Charging current per phase. [6+10]

Figure 1(b)ii 2. (a) Dene regulation, eciency, losses and power factor at each end of the line and explain how these characteristics are aected by the constants of the line. (b) A short 3-phase transmission line with an impedance of (6+j8) ohm per phase has sending end and receiving end voltages of 120kV and 110kV respectively for some receiving end load at a power factor of 0.9 lagging. Determine i. power output and ii. sending end power factor. [8+8]

3. (a) What is constant voltage system of transmission? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages. (b) Find the no load sending-end voltage and the voltage rise from the sending end to the receiving end for a 50Hz, 500 km long line if the receiving-end voltage is 220 kV. [8+8] 4. (a) Explain the importance of surge impedance. (b) An overhead line with inductance and capacitance per km length of 1.3 mH and 0.09 mF respectively is connected in series with an ungrounded cable having inductance and capacitance of 0.2 mH / km and 0.3 F / km, respectively. Calculate the values of reected and refracted (transmitted) waves of voltage and current at the junction due to a voltage surge of 100 kV travelling to the junction 1 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Code No: V3110/R07 i. along the line towards the cable, and ii. along the cable towards the line.

Set No. 3
[6+10]

5. (a) Dene disruptive critical voltage and visual critical voltage? On what factor do they depend? Write equations for calculating these voltages. (b) Find the disruptive critical voltage for a transmission line having conductor spacing = 1.5 meter; conductor (stranded) radius =1.2 cm; barometric pressure =76 cm of Hg; temperature =350 C, Air break-down potential gradient (at 76 cm of Hg at 250 C) = 21.1 kV (rms)/cm and has an irregularity factor 0.85. [8+8] 6. (a) Explain why suspension type of insulators are preferred for high voltage overhead lines. Sketch a sectional view of one unit of the suspension type insulator and describe the construction. (b) An insulator string containing ve units has equal voltage across each unit by using disc of dierent capacitances. If the top unit has a capacitance of C and pin to tower capacitance of all units is 20 percent of the mutual capacitance of top unit. Calculate mutual capacitance of each disc in a string. [8+8] 7. (a) Deduce expressions for calculating sag and conductor length of an overhead line when the supports are at the same level? (b) An overhead conductor consists of seven strands of silicon-bronze having crosssectional area of 2.0 cm2 and ultimate strength of 10000 kg/cm2 . When connected between supports 650 m apart and having a 20 m dierence in level, determine the vertical sag, which must be allowed such that the factor of safety shall be 5. Assume the wire weight 2 kg/m, ice loading is 1 kg/m and wind loading is 1.75 kg/m. [8+8] 8. (a) Derive expressions for electric stress of a single core cable. Where is the stress maximum? Where is it minimum? And why? (b) The capacitance of 3-core cable belted type are measured and found to be as follows: i. Between three cores bunched together and the sheath is 7.5F ii. Between the conductor and the other two connected together to the sheath is 5F. Calculate the capacitance to neutral and the total charging kVA when the cable is connected to a 11 kV, 50Hz, 3-phase supply. [8+8]

2 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 4

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010 POWER SYSTEMS-II (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) What is the method of images? How can it be used to take into account the presence of ground in calculating the capacitance of a single phase line? (b) Two conductors of a single phase line, each of 2cm diameter, are arranged in a vertical plane with one conductor mounted 2m above the other. A second identical line is mounted at the same height as the rst and space horizontally 0.5m apart from it. The two upper and the lower conductors are connected in parallel. Determine the inductance per km of the resulting double circuit line. [8+8] 2. (a) Evaluate the generalized circuit constants of medium line- nominal - representation (b) A three-phase over head line conductor has the following data: Resistance = 15/phase; Inductive reactance =35W/phase Capacitive succeptance = 0.0004mho/phase Receiving end load is 12500kVA at 66kV, 0.85 p.f. lagging. Determine the regulation and eciency of transmission line using nominal T method. [6+10] 3. (a) Discuss the charging current in the transmission lines. (b) Determine the auxiliary constants of a 3-phase, 50Hz, 150km long transmission line having resistance, inductance and capacitance per phase per km of 0.2 ohm, 1.5mH and 0.008F respectively. Neglect the conductance of the line. [6+10] 4. (a) When the transmission line is terminated by the inductive load, how do you nd out the expressions of reected voltage and current wave. (b) A battery with an emf E and a resistance R is connected at t = 0 to the sending end of a lossless transmission line which is open circuited at the far end. Plot the sending end current as a function of time for R=Z0 /3. The time required for a wave to travel the full length of the line is T0 . [8+8] 5. (a) Explain the losses of corona on H.V. line. (b) A single-phase transmission line consists of two conductors of diameter 1.2 cm each, with 1.5 meter spacing between centers. Determine the value of the line voltage at which corona commence, if the disruptive critical voltage for air is 21.21 kV/cm. [8+8]

1 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 4

6. (a) Explain why the voltage across the insulator string is not equal and describe practical methods to improve them. (b) A three phase over head transmission line is suspended by a suspension type insulator which consists of three units. The potential across top unit and middle unit are 7 kV and 10 kV respectively. Calculate i. The ratio of capacitance between pin and earth to the self capacitance of the each unit ii. The line voltage and iii. String eciency. [8+8] 7. (a) Show that an overhead line conductors strung between two level supports takes up the shape of a parabola. Obtain expressions for the sag and maximum tension when the supports are at the same level. (b) A transmission line conductor of cross-sectional area 240 mm2 and a span length of 160m has the supporting structure leveled. The conductor has an ultimate tensile strength of 42.2kg and allowable tension is not to exceed 1 of 4 ultimate tensile strength. Determine the sag in still air. [8+8] 8. (a) Find the radius of the intersheaths and the potential at which it must be maintained for a single core metal sheathed cable such that the overall radius of the cable is minimum. The operating voltage of the cable is V, its core and intersheath diameters are d and D respectively. Show also that D=3.76 V/gmax . (b) A 3-phase 6 km long belted cable has capacitance per km of 0.5 F between the two cores with the third core connected to the lead sheath. Calculate the charging current taken by of this cable when connected to a 3-phase 50 Hz, 11 kV supply. [8+8]

2 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.